A laying structure and laying method for planting soil for urban green space trees and roadside trees

Abstract

The present invention relates to a paving structure for planting soil for urban green space trees and roadside trees, which at least includes a buffer layer for buffering trampling pressure and a water supply structure arranged at the bottom of the buffer layer for assisting in the balanced distribution of water in the depth direction. The water supply structure includes a water supply ring belt and a water channel, and the water channel includes a first water channel and a second water channel arranged at different depth layers. The first water channel is arranged along a first direction, and the second water channel is arranged along a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction intersect with each other. The arrangement of the water supply structure and the water channel can assist in transporting surface water to deep soil, replenish water for the deep roots of trees, alleviate soil compaction, and promote tree growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular to a laying structure and a laying method of a soil structure for planting trees in urban green spaces and roadside trees. Background Art

[0002] In current urban construction, street trees are mostly planted in pits dug in the hard pavement around lanes and squares. The hard pavement is mostly a non-permeable pad made of cement mortar and Panax notoginseng lime soil laid layer by layer, and the volume of soil that can be penetrated and utilized around the roots of street trees is insufficient. On the one hand, the lack of root growth space will limit the amount of water and nutrients that the roots can absorb, leading to malnutrition of the trees; on the other hand, when the root tip grows to the edge of the planting pit and encounters a compact pad, the tree will actively inhibit the root system from absorbing water and nutrients, reducing the respiration rate and thus reducing the growth rate of the tree. In addition, the soil in the tree pit of the street tree is dense, and it is difficult for water to penetrate into the deep soil, resulting in drought in the deep soil and limiting the growth of the tree.

[0003] The construction of urban green space mostly adopts the combination of street tree planting and lawn. Street trees are planted by digging tree pits in green space. The lawns in green space are set up for urban residents to have picnics and go for a walk, and pedestrians often choose to cool off under the shade of trees. Due to the lack of sunlight, the lawns under the shade of trees mostly grow weakly and cannot play a buffering role. The trampling of pedestrians aggravates the growth pressure of lawns. Without the lawn buffer, long-term trampling makes the soil around the tree pits of street trees compacted and poor in water permeability and air permeability. On the one hand, it is difficult for rainwater and artificial water replenishment to infiltrate, affecting the absorption of water by the tree roots, and increasing the pressure of municipal drainage; on the other hand, it makes it difficult for the deep roots of trees to breathe, limiting the growth of the root system. At this time, it is necessary to loosen the soil for the trees manually; but artificial loosening of the soil will damage the roots and affect the growth of trees. At the same time, artificial loosening of the soil can only improve the compaction of the surface soil, and it is difficult to improve the obstruction of the respiration of the deep roots of the trees and the lack of water infiltration. The difficulty of water infiltrating will lead to the following situations and aggravate soil compaction: (1) Water is unevenly distributed in the depth direction, and water accumulates in the surface layer for a long time, making the soil stickier; (2) There is insufficient water and nutrients in the soil, and the roots absorb oxygen and nitrogen in the soil, which reduces the pores between the soil and causes soil adhesion.

[0004] Prior art CN112262698A discloses a fully covered soil layer structure for the healthy growth of tree roots constructed with greening plant waste, which includes, from bottom to top, a deep buried layer covered with wood block anvils, a subsurface layer covered with large-size wood blocks, an improved layer covered with greening plant waste compost products, a shallow surface layer covered with small-size wood chips, and a surface layer covered with large-size wood chips. Combined with the classified disposal of greening plant waste, a fully covered soil layer suitable for the healthy growth of tree roots is constructed: by laying a covering layer of plant waste of different particle sizes, the air permeability of the tree planting soil is increased to avoid compaction of the tree planting soil. However, the plant waste used in this arrangement has poor water retention, and will produce unpleasant odors during the process of being decomposed by microorganisms, affecting the green space environment; at the same time, a large number of different types of insects will breed, which is inconvenient for urban residents to use the green space for leisure. The green space will lose some of its viewing and leisure functions, which is not conducive to urban construction.

[0005] CN110946036A also discloses a laying structure and laying method for soil for planting street trees in urban green space, including a planting soil layer and an upper organic covering layer, an underground support mechanism is provided in the planting soil layer around the tree soil ball, the underground support mechanism includes an upper top plate, a support column and a lower bottom plate, the support column supports the space between the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate, and the soil layer between the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate is protected. The prior art protects the soil structure around the street tree soil layer by setting a support plate, but the structure will affect the air permeability of the soil and the water permeability of the soil layer and the growth range of the plant root system when in use, making it difficult to solve the problem of uneven soil moisture distribution and reducing the advantages of the green space itself, that is, the free growth of plant roots and good soil permeability, so it needs to be improved.

[0006] In addition, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making the present invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents are listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not have the characteristics of these prior arts. On the contrary, the present invention already has all the characteristics of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background technology. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a paving structure and a paving method for planting soil for trees and street trees in urban green spaces. By setting a supporting structure and a buffer structure around the street tree structure when paving in urban green spaces, the impact of pedestrian trampling on the soil around the street trees is reduced, and the soil around the street trees is prevented from becoming compacted, thereby taking into account both the water storage and greening functions and the ornamental and leisure functions of urban green spaces.

[0008] The technical solutions adopted are as follows:

[0009] A soil laying structure for planting trees in urban green spaces and roadside trees includes at least a buffer layer for alleviating the trampling force of pedestrians, wherein the buffer layer has good water permeability and air permeability, for example, the buffer layer can be an artificial lawn. The buffer layer is provided so that the pressure of pedestrians is buffered before being transmitted to the soil, and the pressure transmitted to the soil is greatly reduced due to the existence of the buffer layer, thereby reducing the possibility of soil compaction.

[0010] Preferably, the buffer layer includes a first buffer layer and a second buffer layer, the first buffer layer can be a lawn, and the second buffer layer can be a gravel layer. The gravel layer can not only accelerate water infiltration, but also ensure the air permeability of the surface soil due to its larger porosity. The poor air permeability of deep soil is mostly due to the compaction of the surface soil in contact with air, making it difficult for air to pass through the surface soil; avoiding the compaction of the surface soil and increasing the air permeability of the surface soil can greatly alleviate the problem of poor air permeability of deep soil.

[0011] Preferably, a water supply structure for ensuring that water is evenly distributed in the soil layer is also provided at the bottom of the buffer layer. The water supply structure includes a water supply ring belt arranged around the roots of the roadside trees and a water channel arranged inside the tree pit and connected to the water supply ring belt at both ends. Preferably, the setting depth of the water supply ring belt is greater than the first threshold value, and the thickness is greater than the second threshold value. The inner diameter of the water channel is at least greater than the third threshold value. Preferably, the first threshold value is 1m. Preferably, the second threshold value is 10cm. Preferably, the third threshold value is 2cm. Preferably, the water supply ring belt and the water channel are filled with a first matrix with a porosity greater than 15%, and the precipitation or irrigation water source on the surface can penetrate along the water supply ring belt toward the depth of the stratum, and then enter the water channel and be transported to strata of different depths. Preferably, the depth of the water supply ring belt is set to be greater than the depth of the tree pit, so as to utilize the hydrotropism of the plant roots to induce the plant roots to develop into the deep soil.

[0012] Preferably, the water channel includes at least a first water channel and a second water channel, the first water channel is arranged along a first direction, the second water channel is arranged along a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are neither parallel nor overlapped. Preferably, the first water channel and the second water channel are arranged in the soil layer around the trees growing in the green space, and for the convenience of laying, the first water channel and the second water channel are arranged in two layers, the outer layer is wrapped with nylon mesh, and the inner layer is filled with sand or pebbles.

[0013] The soil layer of the green space includes a first depth layer, a second depth layer and a third depth layer from the surface downward. The first water channel and the second water channel are arranged in the first depth layer, the second depth layer and the third depth layer at intervals. Preferably, the first water channel is arranged in the first depth layer and the third depth layer, and the second water channel is arranged in the second depth layer. The cross-arrangement of water channels in different soil layers can balance the distance between the soil and the water channels between the first depth layer, the second depth layer and the third depth layer, so that the time and amount of water obtained by the soil in the tree pit are more balanced.

[0014] Preferably, two first water channels are arranged in the first depth layer, the two first water channels are arranged opposite to each other, and the first depth layer has a normal section perpendicular to the central axis and an oblique section at a first angle to the normal section. Preferably, the first depth layer has a first oblique section and a second oblique section opposite to each other, the center of the section coincides with the center of the normal section and the angle of 45° to the normal section, and the central axes of the two first water channels are respectively located in the first oblique section and the second oblique section, so as to balance the moisture content of each area in the first depth layer.

[0015] Preferably, at least two first water channels are arranged in the first depth layer, and the first depth layer includes a first area close to the first water channel and a second area far from the first water channel. The first area is filled with a second matrix, and the second area is filled with a third matrix, and the water retention of the third matrix is ​​greater than that of the second matrix.

[0016] Preferably, the second matrix and the third matrix include organic matter, and the organic matter content in the second matrix is ​​greater than the organic matter content in the third matrix. For example, the organic matter can be peat or coconut husk.

[0017] Organic matter has the characteristics of poor water retention, good water / air permeability, and good thermal insulation effect. The organic soil is arranged in the second matrix of the first area, so that the second matrix has good water permeability, and the water flow in the water channel is quickly diverted into the deep soil, so that the third matrix in the second area away from the water channel can obtain water more quickly.

[0018] Since the water content in the first area close to the first water channel is greater than the water content in the second area far from the first water channel, it is necessary to balance the water content in the first area and the second area. The third matrix in the second area with better water retention can absorb more water from the second matrix and retain it in the second area, so as to accelerate the flow of water from the first area to the second area, thereby increasing the water content in the second area and making the water content of each area in the first depth layer more balanced.

[0019] Preferably, the fourth matrix and the fifth matrix are arranged at positions of the water supply ring belt corresponding to the second depth layer and the third depth layer. Preferably, the water retention capacity of the fifth matrix is ​​greater than that of the fourth matrix, so as to promote the transport of water in the depth direction in the tree pool. Preferably, the heat preservation capacity of the fourth matrix is ​​greater than that of the fifth matrix, so as to reduce the transfer of surface temperature to the underground. Preferably, the second depth layer and the third depth layer are depth layers where plant roots are distributed in large numbers, wherein the root surface area of ​​the third depth layer is greater than that of the second depth layer, and the nutrient element content of the fifth matrix is ​​greater than that of the fourth matrix layer. Such an arrangement can ensure that the nutrients are maximized by the plant roots, and promote the roots of the layers with more roots to penetrate the water supply ring belt and grow into the surrounding soil.

[0020] Preferably, since the root surface area of ​​the third depth layer is larger, the root absorption rate of nutrients is higher when the water supply device is used for irrigation and supplementing nutrient solution. Therefore, the average inner diameter of the water channel of the third depth layer is greater than the average inner diameter of the water channel of the second depth layer, and more nutrients can be transported to the third depth layer for absorption by the plant roots.

[0021] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for laying soil for planting trees in urban green spaces and roadside trees, comprising at least the following steps:

[0022] Dig a tree pit in the green space and the sidewalk cushion layer, use an isolation mold to isolate the position of the water supply ring belt around the tree pit, set a water channel in the tree pit from the depth layer closest to the bottom of the tree pool, and then lay the corresponding matrix in the water supply ring belt and the tree pool in the depth layer, then compact it, and lift the isolation mold;

[0023] After compaction, continue to lay water channels in a depth layer above and lay corresponding substrates in the water supply ring belt and tree pool, compact, and lift up the isolation mold. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laying structure of a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a top view of a preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Reference numerals list

[0027] 100: buffer layer; 110: first buffer layer; 120: second buffer layer; 200: water supply structure; 210: water supply annulus; 220: water channel; 221: first water channel; 222: second water channel; 1: first direction; 2: second direction; 300: first depth layer; 310: first area; 320: second area; 400: second depth layer; 500: third depth layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following is combined with Figure 1-2 Provide detailed explanation.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A soil laying structure for planting trees in urban green spaces and roadside trees includes at least a buffer layer 100 for alleviating the trampling force of pedestrians. The buffer layer 100 has good water permeability and air permeability. For example, the buffer layer 100 can be an artificial lawn. The buffer layer 100 is provided so that the pressure of pedestrians trampling is buffered before being transmitted to the soil. The pressure transmitted to the soil is greatly reduced due to the presence of the buffer layer 100, thereby reducing the possibility of soil compaction.

[0031] Preferably, the buffer layer 100 includes a first buffer layer 110 and a second buffer layer 120. The first buffer layer 110 can be a lawn, and the second buffer layer 120 can be a gravel layer. The provision of the gravel layer can not only accelerate water infiltration, but also ensure the air permeability of the surface soil due to its larger porosity. The poor air permeability of deep soil is mostly due to the compaction of the surface soil in contact with air, and it is difficult for air to pass through the surface soil. Avoiding the compaction of the surface soil and increasing the air permeability of the surface soil can effectively reduce the impact of the poor air permeability of the deep soil.

[0032] Preferably, a water supply structure 200 is also provided at the bottom of the buffer layer 100 to ensure that the water is evenly distributed in the soil layer. The water supply structure 200 includes a water supply ring belt 210 arranged around the root system of the street tree and a water channel 220 arranged inside the tree pit and connected to the water supply ring belt 210 at both ends. Preferably, the setting depth of the water supply ring belt 210 is greater than the first threshold value, and the thickness is greater than the second threshold value. The inner diameter of the water channel 220 is set to be greater than the third threshold value. Preferably, the first threshold value is 1m, more preferably the depth of the tree pit. Preferably, the second threshold value is 10cm. Preferably, the third threshold value is 2cm. Preferably, the water supply ring belt 210 and the water channel 220 are filled with a first matrix with a porosity greater than 15%, and the precipitation or irrigation water source on the surface can penetrate along the water supply ring belt 210 toward the depth of the stratum, and then enter the water channel 220 and be transported to soil layers of different depths.

[0033] Preferably, the water channel 220 includes at least a first water channel 221 and a second water channel 222, the first water channel 221 is arranged along a first direction 1, the second water channel 222 is arranged along a second direction 2, and the first direction 1 and the second direction 2 intersect each other. Preferably, the first water channel 221 and the second water channel 222 are arranged in the soil layer around the trees growing in the green land, and for the convenience of laying, the first water channel 221 and the second water channel 222 are arranged in two layers, the outer layer is wrapped with nylon mesh, and the inner layer is filled with sand or pebbles.

[0034] The planting pit is divided into a first depth layer 300, a second depth layer 400 and a third depth layer 500 from the surface downward. Preferably, a first water channel 221 is provided in the first depth layer 300 and the third depth layer 500, and a second water channel 222 is provided in the second depth layer 400. The water channels 220 of different soil layers are cross-arranged, so that the distance difference between the soil of the first depth layer 300 and the second depth layer 400 and the water channel 220 is small, so that the time and amount of water obtained by the soil in the tree pit are more balanced.

[0035] Preferably, two first water channels 221 are provided in the first depth layer 300, and the two first water channels 221 are arranged opposite to each other, and the first depth layer 300 has a normal section perpendicular to the central axis and an oblique section at a first angle to the normal section. Preferably, the first depth layer 300 has a first oblique section and a second oblique section opposite to each other, whose cross-section center coincides with the center of the normal section and which are at an angle of 45° to the normal section, and the central axes of the two first water channels 221 are respectively located in the first oblique section and the second oblique section, so as to balance the moisture content of each area in the first depth layer 300.

[0036] Preferably, at least two first water channels 221 are provided in the first depth layer 300, and the first depth layer 300 includes a first area 310 close to the first water channel 221 and a second area 320 far from the first water channel 221. The first area 310 is filled with a second matrix, and the second area 320 is filled with a third matrix, and the water retention capacity of the third matrix is ​​greater than that of the second matrix.

[0037] Preferably, the second matrix and the third matrix include organic matter, and the organic matter content in the second matrix is ​​greater than the organic matter content in the third matrix. For example, the organic matter can be peat or coconut husk.

[0038] Organic soil, such as peat soil, has the characteristics of poor water retention, good water / air permeability, and good thermal insulation effect. The organic soil arranged in the second matrix of the first area 310 has good water permeability and can quickly guide the water flow in the water channel into the tree pool, so that the second area 320 away from the water channel can obtain water more quickly.

[0039] Since the water content in the first area 310 close to the first water channel 221 is greater than the water content in the second area 320 far from the first water channel 221, in order to ensure the balanced growth of the trees, it is necessary to average the water content in the first area 310 and the second area 320. The third matrix in the second area 320 with better water retention can absorb more water from the second matrix and retain it in the second area 320, so as to accelerate the flow of water from the first area 310 to the second area 320, so that the water content in the second area 320 increases, and then the water content of each area in the first depth layer 300 will be more balanced.

[0040] Preferably, a section of the water supply ring 210 located in the second depth layer is filled with a fourth matrix; and a section located in the third depth layer is filled with a fifth matrix. Preferably, the water retention of the fifth matrix is ​​greater than that of the fourth matrix, so as to promote the transportation of water in the depth direction of the bottom layer. Preferably, the heat preservation of the fourth matrix is ​​greater than that of the fifth matrix, so as to reduce the transfer of surface temperature to the underground. Preferably, the second depth layer and the third depth layer are depth layers where plant roots are distributed in large numbers, wherein the root surface area of ​​the third depth layer is greater than that of the second depth layer, and the nutrient element content of the fifth matrix is ​​greater than that of the fourth matrix layer. This arrangement can ensure that the nutrients supplemented for the trees are maximized by the roots of the trees. The fourth matrix and the fifth matrix contain organic soil.

[0041] Preferably, since the root surface area of ​​the third depth layer is larger, when the water supply device is used for irrigation and replenishing nutrient solution, the root absorption rate of nutrient elements is higher. Therefore, the average inner diameter of the water channel of the third depth layer is larger than the average inner diameter of the water channel of the second depth layer, and more nutrients can be transported to the third depth layer.

[0042] Preferably, the specific thicknesses of the first depth layer 300 , the second depth layer and the third depth layer can be determined according to actual root distribution of the plants.

[0043] Preferably, the first water channel 221 and the second water channel 222 are configured as arc-shaped water channels 220, that is, the height of the two water channels 220 near the two ends of the water supply ring belt 210 is greater than the middle part away from the water supply ring belt 210, so that the water flow in the water supply ring belt 210 can flow into the first water channel 221 and the second water channel 222 based on gravity, and then enter the soil of the tree pit. Preferably, the number of the first water channel 221 and the second water channel 222 can be four, five, six, etc. arranged in different directions. Preferably, the first water channel 221 and the second water channel 222 are configured to gradually reduce the inner diameter from the two ends close to the water supply ring belt 210 to the middle in a manner that can increase the water pressure. Preferably, the rate of reduction of the inner diameter can be 2 cm / m. Preferably, the water supply ring belt 210 is configured to have a thickness that decreases from the surface downward, wherein the thickness at the bottom of the tree pit is at least 2 cm. The thickness of the water supply annulus 210 close to the ground surface is relatively large, which can increase the contact area between the water supply annulus 210 and the air. The water flow entering the water supply annulus 210 collides with the first matrix in the water supply annulus 210 and contacts with the air, which can increase the dissolved oxygen content of the water entering the water supply annulus 210. As the water flow flows along the water supply annulus 210, the water is more easily squeezed into the tree pool as the volume of the water supply annulus 210 decreases. Preferably, the rate of decrease of the thickness of the water supply annulus 210 from the ground surface downward is 4cm / m. Preferably, the thickness of the water supply annulus 210 suddenly changes at the depth layer where the water channel 220 exists, so as to quickly reduce its internal volume, increase the pressure of the water flow stored inside, so that more water flow can enter the first water channel 221 and the second water channel 222, and can ensure the water pressure of the next depth layer. Preferably, "mutation" refers to the value of the inner diameter suddenly changing to a large value at certain depths, rather than gradually changing with depth.

[0044] It should be noted that the above-mentioned specific embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can come up with various solutions inspired by the disclosure of the present invention, and these solutions also belong to the disclosure scope of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention specification and its drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation of the claims. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. The present invention specification contains multiple inventive concepts, such as "preferably", "according to a preferred embodiment" or "optionally", all of which indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept, and the applicant reserves the right to file a divisional application based on each inventive concept. Throughout the text, the feature guided by "preferably" is only an optional method and should not be understood as a must-have setting. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete the relevant preferred features at any time.

Claims

1. A paving structure for planting soil for urban green space trees and roadside trees, characterized in that: The invention comprises at least a buffer layer (100) and a water supply structure (200) arranged at the bottom of the buffer layer (100); the water supply structure (200) comprises a water supply ring belt (210) and a water channel (220); the water channel (220) comprises a first water channel (221) and a second water channel (222) arranged at different depth layers; the water supply ring belt (210) and the water channel (220) are filled with a first matrix having a porosity greater than 15%; the planting pit comprises at least a first depth layer (300); at least two first water channels (221) are arranged in the first depth layer (300); wherein: The first depth layer (300) comprises a first region (310) close to the first water channel (221) and a second region (320) far from the first water channel (221); the first region (310) is filled with a second matrix, and the second region (320) is filled with a third matrix, wherein the third matrix has a greater water retention capacity than the second matrix; The planting pit further comprises a second depth layer (400) and a third depth layer (500); a section of the water supply annulus (210) located in the second depth layer (400) is filled with a fourth matrix, and a section of the water supply annulus (210) located in the third depth layer (500) is filled with a fifth matrix. The second depth layer (400) and the third depth layer (500) are arranged in the area where the plant roots are mainly distributed, the total surface area of ​​the roots distributed in the third depth layer (500) is greater than the total surface area of ​​the roots distributed in the second depth layer (400), and the nutrient element content of the fifth matrix is ​​greater than the nutrient element content of the fourth matrix.

2. The laying structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first water channel (221) is arranged along a first direction (1), and the second water channel (222) is arranged along a second direction (2), and the first direction (1) and the second direction (2) intersect each other.

3. The laying structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The at least two first water channels (221) are arranged to be relatively inclined in a manner capable of balancing the water content in the first depth layer (300).

4. The laying structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The at least two first water channels (221) are arranged in a first oblique section and a second oblique section of the first depth layer (300) which are opposite to each other and which are at an angle of 45° to the normal section and whose center of the section coincides with the center of the normal section.

5. The laying structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water channel (220) located in the third depth layer (500) is configured to have an average inner diameter greater than the average inner diameters of the water channels (220) in the first depth layer (300) and the second depth layer (400).

6. The laying structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water channel (220) is arranged so as to increase water pressure, with the inner diameter gradually decreasing from the two ends close to the water supply annular belt (210) toward the middle.

7. The laying structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water supply annulus (210) is arranged to have a sudden change in thickness at the water supply annulus (210) in each depth layer in a manner that can increase water pressure to promote water flow into the water channel (220).

Images