A method for producing stropharia by graded fermentation and a cultivation method for stropharia and celery rotation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for producing stropharia by graded fermentation and a method for cultivating stropharia in rotation with celery. A method for producing stropharia by graded composting fermentation comprises the following steps: 1) mixing sawdust, lime and water to form mixture A, performing primary composting fermentation to obtain primary fermentation material; 2) mixing the primary fermentation material, cottonseed hulls, rice husks, bran, lime and water to form mixture B, performing secondary composting fermentation to obtain secondary fermentation material; 3) mixing the secondary fermentation material with water to form culture medium, sowing stropharia strains on the culture medium, performing mycelium culture, and covering with soil to form a covering layer; 4) performing fruiting culture to obtain stropharia. The method of the present application significantly shortens the time from sowing to fruiting and harvesting and significantly improves the average yield through graded composting fermentation, three-layer paving and covering with soil after the mycelium crawls to the surface of the paving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungi and vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for producing stropharia with graded fermentation and a cultivation method of stropharia with rotation of celery. Background Art

[0002] Stropharia is one of the best-selling edible mushroom varieties developed in recent years. It is a low-temperature edible mushroom variety and is suitable for cultivation in autumn and winter under natural temperature conditions. The mushroom has strong resistance to stress and can be cultivated with raw materials, fermented materials and cooked materials. In addition, the source of culture medium is abundant. Waste such as straw, sawdust and bamboo chips can be used as the main material for cultivating Stropharia. However, the selection and treatment of culture medium have a great impact on the yield and quality of Stropharia. With the rapid development of Stropharia in recent years, while the planting scale and market share have continued to increase, the market and consumers have continuously improved their requirements for product quality and time to market, hoping to have high-quality and safe product supply during the peak consumption seasons such as the Spring Festival.

[0003] Celery is one of the green leafy vegetables favored by consumers. Its stems and leaves are edible and rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. Traditional planting is mainly in autumn and winter. With the promotion and application of facility vegetable planting and new varieties and new technologies, various places have begun to plant celery in spring and summer, and celery is available on the market all year round. In particular, summer celery cultivation can be put on the market in the hot season when vegetables are in short supply, which can not only fill the window period of vegetable cultivation, but also obtain very considerable economic benefits. However, diseases such as stem base rot are one of the main obstacles to celery planting in summer. The occurrence of diseases can cause plant growth retardation, yellowing of leaves, discoloration of vascular tissues, root degeneration, rot of stem base, and even death of the whole plant, resulting in missing seedlings and broken ridges, which is extremely harmful to celery production. Studies have shown that the occurrence of various diseases that affect celery planting in summer is mainly related to the intensity of continuous cropping, meteorological factors, varieties, etc. At present, technical measures such as facility rain shelter cultivation can be used to reduce the impact of meteorological factors. In terms of varieties, celery is more disease-resistant than yellow heart celery and green celery. You can choose celery varieties with strong disease resistance, but considering consumer preferences, yellow heart celery and green celery are more popular in the market. At present, continuous cropping obstacles are the main problem facing celery cultivation in summer. Stem base rot will increase sharply after continuous cropping for more than 2 years, and the incidence rate will reach more than 20% after continuous cropping for more than 5 years. Therefore, an important cultivation measure to reduce the incidence of celery in summer planting is to adopt crop rotation. At the same time, due to the fast growth rate of celery and its large nutritional requirements, long-term continuous planting will not only cause an increase in pests and diseases, but also cause problems such as overdraft of soil fertility and changes in soil structure. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing Stropharia capitis by graded fermentation and a cultivation method of Stropharia capitis and celery rotation, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions.

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention protects a method for producing Stropharia officinalis by graded fermentation, comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) Sawdust, lime and water are mixed to form a mixture A, and primary composting fermentation is performed to obtain a primary fermentation material;

[0008] 2) the primary fermentation material, cottonseed husks, rice husks, bran, lime and water are mixed to form a mixture B, and secondary composting is performed to obtain a secondary fermentation material;

[0009] 3) mixing the secondary fermentation material and water to form a culture medium, sowing Stropharia officinalis strains on the culture medium, performing mycelium culture, and covering with soil to form a covering layer;

[0010] 4) Carry out mushroom cultivation to obtain Stropharia rugosa.

[0011] Preferably, in 1), the mass ratio of the sawdust to lime is (96-100):2.

[0012] Preferably, in 1), based on the total mass of sawdust, lime and water, the water content of the mixture A is 67-75%.

[0013] Preferably, in 1), the primary composting fermentation is to form the mixed material A into a compost with a length of 10-15 meters, a width of 5-8 meters, and a height of 0.8-1 meter for fermentation.

[0014] Preferably, in 1), the primary composting fermentation time is 50 to 70 days. The sawdust in the present application undergoes primary composting fermentation, so that the sawdust becomes dark brown in color and soft in texture, which is conducive to the decomposition and absorption of lignin, cellulose and other components in the sawdust by the Stropharia mycelium.

[0015] More preferably, the primary composting fermentation is divided into a first composting fermentation and a second composting fermentation, the first composting fermentation lasts for 25 to 35 days, the second composting fermentation lasts for 25 to 35 days, and the compost is turned and water is replenished between the first composting fermentation and the second composting fermentation.

[0016] More preferably, the compost is turned once.

[0017] Preferably, in 2), the mass ratio of the primary fermentation material, cottonseed hulls, rice husks, bran and lime is (70-74):(15-19):11:(10-15):(1-2).

[0018] Preferably, in 2), based on the total mass of the primary fermentation material, cottonseed hulls, rice husks, bran, lime and water, the water content of the mixture B is 65% to 70%.

[0019] Preferably, in 2), the secondary composting fermentation is to form the mixed material B into a compost with a length of 5 to 8 meters, a width of 4 to 6 meters, and a height of 0.6 to 0.8 meters for fermentation.

[0020] Preferably, in 2), the pH value of the secondary fermentation material is 6.7-7.

[0021] More preferably, the secondary heap fermentation is divided into a first heap fermentation, a second heap fermentation and a third heap fermentation, the first heap fermentation and the second heap fermentation last for 3 to 5 days, and the third heap fermentation lasts for 3 days.

[0022] Preferably, in 3), the culture medium is laid in three layers. The culture medium is divided into an upper culture medium, a middle culture medium and a lower culture medium, the thickness of the upper culture medium and the lower culture medium is 4 to 6 cm, and the thickness of the middle culture medium is 8 to 10 cm. Preferably, the width of the upper culture medium, the middle culture medium and the lower culture medium is 0.6 to 1.0 m.

[0023] Preferably, in 3), the sowing amount of the Stropharia officinalis strain is 600-800 g / m 2 .

[0024] Preferably, in 3), the humidity of the air during the mycelium cultivation is 75-85%, and the temperature of the mycelium cultivation is 20-25°C.

[0025] Preferably, in 3), the thickness of the soil covering layer is 2 to 4 cm. The requirements of Stropharia capensis for oxygen and water are very high during the spawning period. In order to ensure that there is sufficient oxygen during the spawning period, the soil is covered after the mycelium crawls to the surface of the culture medium 15 to 20 days after sowing, which can shorten the spawning time compared with directly covering the soil after sowing.

[0026] Preferably, in 4), the humidity of the mushroom culture is 85-90%.

[0027] The second aspect of the present invention protects a method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis in crop rotation with celery, comprising the following steps:

[0028] 1) Planting Stropharia capitis in a field using the method described above, harvesting the Stropharia capitis, and returning the mushroom residue to the field;

[0029] 2) Plant celery on the fields where the mushroom residue has been returned to the fields.

[0030] Preferably, in 1), the previous crop of the field is celery. Since the previous crop of the Stropharia cap mushroom is celery, the continuous cropping obstacle caused by the continuous planting of Stropharia cap mushrooms is avoided, and the problem of unstable yield and quality of continuous planting of Stropharia cap mushrooms in the same plot is solved. Therefore, the yield, quality and benefit of Stropharia cap mushrooms can be stabilized and improved through crop rotation, thereby promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the Stropharia cap mushroom industry.

[0031] Preferably, in 1), the time for planting Stropharia rugosotis is from October of the current year to April of the following year.

[0032] Preferably, in 2), the time for planting celery is from May to October of the following year.

[0033] Preferably, in 2), two crops of celery are planted, the first crop of celery is planted from May to July of the following year, and the second crop of celery is planted from August to October of the following year.

[0034] More preferably, after transplanting the first crop of celery, apply triple compound fertilizer and urea, and then add triple compound fertilizer.

[0035] More preferably, before transplanting the second crop of celery, a triple compound fertilizer is applied to the field.

[0036] Preferably, in 2), the row spacing of celery is 7-8 cm×7-8 cm.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1) The method for producing Stropharia officinalis by graded fermentation in the present application significantly shortens the time from sowing to mushroom harvesting to 75 days through graded composting, three-layer paving, and mycelium crawling to the surface of the paving and then covering with soil, and the average yield is increased to 7.83 kg / m 2 .

[0039] 2) The method for cultivating Stropharia cap mushrooms in rotation with celery of the present application avoids the continuous cropping obstacle caused by the continuous planting of Stropharia cap mushrooms, solves the problem of unstable yield and quality of continuous planting of Stropharia cap mushrooms in the same plot of land, and significantly increases the soluble protein, total amino acid and soluble sugar content of celery leaves and the total yield of two celery crops in summer.

[0040] 3) The cultivation method of the rotation of Stropharia and celery of the present application can fully utilize the idle time of the vegetable field in winter to plant Stropharia with good social, ecological and economic benefits through one crop of Stropharia and two crops of celery, and can also reduce the application amount of fertilizer and pesticide of celery by returning the mushroom residue to the field, reduce costs, improve yield and quality, and can also give full play to the advantages of high-temperature celery varieties, put it on the market when vegetables are scarce in summer, and obtain higher economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the method for cultivating Stropharia rugosa and celery in rotation in the present application.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the growth of celery in summer after returning the mushroom residue to the field, with two crops of celery planted in one year and one crop of Stropharia officinalis planted in winter in this application example.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the growth of celery in summer in Comparative Example 5, where celery was planted three times continuously in one year.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a graph of comparative example 6 in which two crops of celery are planted in a year, one crop of green vegetables is planted in winter, and the growth of celery in summer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by means of specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0046] Before further describing the specific embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below; it should also be understood that the terms used in the examples of the present invention are intended to describe specific embodiments, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The test methods in the following examples without specifying specific conditions are generally carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturers.

[0047] When the embodiments give numerical ranges, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specified in the present invention, the two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints can be selected. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. In addition to the specific methods, equipment, and materials used in the embodiments, according to the grasp of the prior art by those skilled in the art and the record of the present invention, any methods, equipment, and materials of the prior art similar or equivalent to the methods, equipment, and materials described in the embodiments of the present invention can also be used to realize the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] In this embodiment 1, a method for producing Stropharia officinalis by graded fermentation comprises the following steps:

[0050] 1) Primary composting fermentation: sawdust and lime powder are mixed in a mass ratio of 98:2, and water is added to form a mixture A. The water content of the mixture A is 70% based on the total mass of sawdust, lime powder and water. The mixture A is arranged into a pile of 10 meters in length × 5 meters in width × 0.8 meters in height, and primary composting fermentation is performed. The primary composting fermentation includes the first composting fermentation and the second composting fermentation. The first composting fermentation lasts for 25 days. After the actinomycetes are fully grown inside, the compost is turned over and water is added. Then, the second composting fermentation is performed for 25 days. The sawdust is considered to be ready when its color turns brown and its texture becomes soft, so that the lignin, cellulose and other components in the sawdust can be easily decomposed and absorbed by the mycelium of the Stropharia cap.

[0051] 2) Secondary composting fermentation: The primary fermentation material obtained in step 1), cottonseed husk, rice husk, bran and lime are mixed in a mass ratio of 72:17:11:11:1, and then mixed with water to form a mixture B. The water content of the mixture B is 70% based on the total mass of the primary fermentation material, cottonseed husk, rice husk, bran lime and water. The mixture B is arranged into a material pile of 7 meters in length × 4 meters in width × 0.8 meters in height, and a secondary composting fermentation is performed, wherein the secondary composting fermentation is divided into the first composting fermentation, the second composting fermentation and the third composting fermentation. The first composting fermentation lasts for 3 days, the middle temperature of the material pile reaches 70°C, and after the material is full of actinomycetes, the compost is turned once, and water is appropriately added to maintain the water content at 70%. The second composting fermentation is continued for 3 days, and the compost is turned once. After the third composting fermentation is continued for 3 days, the pH value of the culture material is tested with a pH test paper, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.7 by adding lime to obtain the culture material.

[0052] 3) The culture medium obtained in step 2) is laid in three layers, each of which is 0.8 meters wide, and the total thickness of the three layers is 20 cm. The culture medium is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer. The width of each layer is 0.8 meters, and the length depends on the length of the mushroom shed. The total thickness of the three layers is 20 cm. The thickness of the upper layer and the lower layer is 5 cm, and the thickness of the middle layer is 10 cm. 8-12 kg of dry material is used per square meter. The fungus is sown between the two layers, and the sowing amount of the fungus is 600 g / m 2 .

[0053] 20 days after sowing, when the mycelium of the Stropharia rugosa strain climbs to the surface of the three-layer paving material (i.e., the upper layer of culture material), it is covered with 2 to 4 cm of soil to form a covering soil layer, and mycelium culture is continued. During the mycelium culture period, the humidity is maintained at 70 to 75% and the temperature is maintained at 20 to 25°C.

[0054] During the mycelium culture period, a thermometer and hygrometer are inserted into the culture medium to record the temperature and humidity inside the culture medium every 3 days. When the moisture content is lower than 65%, water is added in time through the spraying facilities to ensure that the moisture content of the culture medium is 70-75%. Insufficient moisture in the culture medium will seriously affect the mycelium growth and later yield of Stropharia rugosa. When the temperature inside the culture medium is higher than 25℃, the temperature of the mushroom shed should be adjusted in time through ventilation, shading and other measures to avoid burning the fungi and seriously affecting the yield and quality.

[0055] 4) 55 days after sowing, when a large number of hyphae have crawled to the soil cover, fruiting culture is carried out to obtain Stropharia. Fruiting culture includes: spraying heavy water once and increasing ventilation to stimulate fruiting, reducing ventilation after 2-3 days, and after small mushroom buds grow out of the soil surface, properly ventilating and spraying water to keep the shed full of oxygen, the soil surface moist, and the relative humidity of the air 85-90% to ensure the normal growth of young mushrooms. During the peak period of fruiting, increase ventilation by opening the mushroom shed door and rolling up the film on both sides of the mushroom shed.

[0056] During the production of Stropharia rugosa, the time from sowing to fruiting was counted, and the average yield was counted after harvesting. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] In this comparative example 1, without composting and fermentation, sawdust, cottonseed husk, rice husk and bran were directly mixed according to the formula, water was added, and the pH value was adjusted to 6.7-7 with lime, the water content of the culture medium was 70%, and then the stropharia was directly sown, and the rest was the same as in Example 1. The formula was: sawdust 63%, cottonseed husk 15%, rice husk 10%, bran 10%, and lime 2%.

[0059] During the production of Stropharia rugosa, the time from sowing to fruiting was counted, and the average yield was counted after harvesting. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0060] Comparative Example 2

[0061] In this comparative example 2, the materials are piled for 7-10 days at the same time, the sawdust, cottonseed husk, rice husk, bran and lime are mixed evenly, and the materials are piled together for 7-10 days, and the pile is turned once in the middle. Before sowing, the pH value is adjusted to 6.7-7 with lime, the water content of the culture medium is 70%, and then the Stropharia cap mushroom is sown, and the rest is the same as in Example 1. The formula is: sawdust 63%, cottonseed husk 15%, rice husk 10%, bran 10%, lime 2%.

[0062] During the production of Stropharia officinalis, the time from sowing to fruiting was counted, and the average yield was counted after harvesting. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 3

[0064] In this comparative example 3, the materials were piled for 50 days at the same time, and various raw materials such as sawdust, cottonseed husks, rice husks, bran, lime, etc. were mixed evenly, and the materials were piled together for about 50 days. When the temperature in the middle of the materials reached 70°C, the pile was turned in time, and the pH value was adjusted to 6.7-7 with lime before sowing. The water content of the culture medium was 70%, and then the Stropharia cap mushroom was sown. The rest was the same as in Example 1. The formula was: sawdust 63%, cottonseed husk 15%, rice husk 10%, bran 10%, and lime 2%.

[0065] During the production of Stropharia officinalis, the time from sowing to fruiting was counted, and the average yield was counted after harvesting. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0066] Comparative Example 4

[0067] In this comparative example 4, the difference from the embodiment 1 is that the soil is directly covered after sowing, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 1.

[0068] During the production of Stropharia rugosodium, the time from sowing to fruiting was counted, and the average yield was counted after harvesting. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0069] Table 1

[0070] Recipe Number Mycelial growth potential Time from sowing to mushroom production (days) (d) <![CDATA[Average yield (kg / m 2 )]]> Comparative Example 1 + <![CDATA[96 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.16 c ]]> Comparative Example 2 ++ <![CDATA[87 b ]]> <![CDATA[5.97 b ]]> Comparative Example 3 + <![CDATA[95 a ]]> <![CDATA[4.18 d ]]> Example 1 +++ <![CDATA[72 c ]]> <![CDATA[7.57 a ]]>

[0071] In Table 1, “+++” indicates that the mycelium has the strongest growth potential, is white and dense; “++” indicates that the mycelium has relatively strong growth potential, is white and has average density; “+” indicates that the mycelium has average growth potential, is dull in color and is sparse.

[0072] As shown in Table 1, the method for producing Stropharia officinalis by graded fermentation in the present application can significantly shorten the fermentation time from sowing to fruiting and significantly increase the average yield. Compared with the comparative example 3 in which various raw materials were directly mixed and fermented for 50 days, the fermentation time from sowing to fruiting in the present application was shortened from 95 days to 72 days (p < 0.05), and the average yield was increased from 4.18 kg / m 2 Increased to 7.57kg / m 2 Compared with the comparative example 1 without composting, the fermentation time from sowing to fruiting in the present application was shortened from 96 to 72 days (p < 0.05), and the average yield was increased from 5.16 kg / m 2 Increased to 7.57kg / m 2 Compared with the comparative example 2 of 10-day composting, the fermentation time from sowing to fruiting in this application was shortened from 87 to 72 days (p < 0.05), and the average yield was increased from 4.18 kg / m 2 Increased to 7.57kg / m 2 (p<0.05).

[0073] Table 2

[0074]

[0075] In Table 2, "+++" indicates that the mycelium has the strongest growth potential, is white and dense; "++" indicates that the mycelium has relatively strong growth potential, is white and has average density; "+" indicates that the mycelium has average growth potential, is dull in color and is sparse.

[0076] As shown in Table 2, the method for producing Stropharia officinalis by graded fermentation in the present application can significantly shorten the time from sowing to fruiting and significantly increase the average yield by covering the soil after the mycelium climbs to the surface of the material. Compared with the comparative example 4 in which the soil is directly covered after sowing, the time from sowing to fruiting in the present application is shortened from 83 days to 71 days (p < 0.05), and the average yield is increased from 6.27 kg / m 2 Increased to 7.39kg / m 2 (p<0.05).

[0077] Application Example 1

[0078] In this application example 1, the method for producing Stropharia officinalis by graded fermentation in Example 1 is used to grow Stropharia officinalis and rotate it with celery. It includes the following:

[0079] 1) Schedule

[0080] From early May to late October, the method of Example 1 is used to plant stropharia, and in the interval between planting stropharia, seedlings are raised in advance in another field, and two crops of celery can be planted. The first crop is sown and seedled in advance in early March, transplanted in early May, and harvested at the end of July; the second crop is sown and seedled in mid-to-late May, transplanted in early August, and harvested in mid-to-late October.

[0081] 2) Seedling cultivation

[0082] In early March, select a high-quality soil plot with good drainage conditions outside the field where the giant puffball is planted, and build a greenhouse as a celery seedling bed, which is conducive to the early germination of celery seeds and the growth of all seedlings. Choose high-quality varieties that are resistant to high temperatures, have high yields, and are of high quality, suitable for local planting. Soak and sow seeds according to conventional methods, with a seed amount of 100-180 grams per mu, with less seed amount in spring, 100-120 grams, and more seed amount in summer, 150-180 grams. Keep the soil moist after sowing, and spray seedling fertilizer once 12-18 days after germination.

[0083] 3) Transplantation and management

[0084] After the harvest of the giant puffball mushrooms in early May, the mushroom residue is evenly distributed throughout the field, and the land is prepared with a rotary tiller. At the same time, the steel frame mushroom shed is stripped of the Lide film and the sunshade net, and a layer of ordinary agricultural film is covered on the top, and both sides are kept ventilated and breathable. Celery seedlings are transplanted when they are 45-55 days old, have 4-5 true leaves, and are 8.5-9.5 cm tall. The spacing between plants and rows is 7-8cm×7-8cm, and there is one plant per hole. After the celery is transplanted and survived, 80 kg of triple compound fertilizer and urea are applied per mu. Spray celery special herbicide once about one month after transplanting. After the weeds are removed, 15 kg of triple compound fertilizer is applied per mu. After 85-95 days, the first batch of celery can be harvested and sold at the end of July.

[0085] After the first crop of celery is harvested, the second crop of celery will be transplanted in early August. The second crop of celery seedlings should be raised 50-60 days in advance according to the above requirements. Before planting the second crop of celery, 30kg-40kg of triple compound fertilizer per mu should be applied as base fertilizer before land preparation and rotary tillage. Other transplanting and management are the same as the first crop. The second crop of celery will be harvested and sold in mid-to-late October. Then build a mushroom shed and plant Stropharia rugosa.

[0086] Then the method of Example 1 was used to plant Stropharia rugosa.

[0087] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis in rotation with celery in the present application.

[0088] The celery in summer was photographed and observed, and the leaves of two crops of celery were collected for nitrite content, soluble sugar content and Vc content. The total yield of the two crops of celery was calculated. The results are shown in Figure 1 , Tables 3 and 4.

[0089] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the growth of celery in summer after returning the mushroom residue to the field, with two crops of celery planted in one year and one crop of Stropharia officinalis planted in winter in this application example.

[0090] Comparative Example 5

[0091] In this comparative example 5, the difference from the example 1 is that: instead of planting Stropharia officinalis, three crops of celery are planted continuously in one year, and the planting of celery is the same as that in the example 1.

[0092] The celery in summer was photographed and observed, and the leaves of two crops of celery were collected for testing of nitrite content, soluble sugar content and Vc content. The total yield of the two crops of celery was calculated. The results are shown in Figure 3 , Table 3 and Table 4.

[0093] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the growth of celery in summer in Comparative Example 5, where celery was planted three times continuously in one year.

[0094] Comparative Example 6

[0095] The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Comparative Example 5 is that after planting two crops of celery continuously, one crop of green vegetables is planted in winter instead of the third crop of celery, and the rest is the same as Comparative Example 5.

[0096] The celery in summer was photographed and observed, and the leaves of two crops of celery were collected for testing of nitrite content, soluble sugar content and Vc content. The total yield of the two crops of celery was calculated. The results are shown in Figure 4 , Table 3 and Table 4.

[0097] Figure 4 This is a graph of comparative example 6 in which two crops of celery are planted in a year, one crop of green vegetables is planted in winter, and the growth of celery in summer.

[0098] from Figures 2 to 4 It can be seen that when Stropharia rugosus and celery are rotated, the celery grows better, as shown by dark green leaves and thick stems and leaves.

[0099] Table 3 Incidence of celery stem base rot in different planting methods in summer (%)

[0100] Planting method Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Comparative Example 5 Planting 3 consecutive crops of celery a year <![CDATA[2.6 a ]]> <![CDATA[6.3 a ]]> <![CDATA[9.7 a ]]> <![CDATA[17.5 a ]]> Comparative Example 6 2 crops of celery, 1 crop of winter greens <![CDATA[2.4 a ]]> <![CDATA[3.3 b ]]> <![CDATA[7.2 b ]]> <![CDATA[13.4 b ]]> Application Example 1 2 crops of celery and 1 crop of Stropharia officinalis <![CDATA[2.1 b ]]> <![CDATA[2.4 c ]]> <![CDATA[2.9 c ]]> <![CDATA[3.2 c ]]>

[0101] Table 4 Effects of different planting methods on celery yield, nutritional components and nitrite content in summer

[0102]

[0103] It can be seen from Tables 3 and 4 that when celery and Stropharia capillaris were rotated, the nitrite content of celery products was significantly reduced, while the soluble sugar, vitamin C content and the total yield of two crops of celery in spring and summer were significantly increased when the mushroom residue was returned to the field and the application of chemical fertilizers was halved. This shows that the rotation of Stropharia capillaris and celery has a significant effect on improving celery yield and quality.

[0104] The present application also conducted research on crop rotation of Stropharia rugosodium with 1 crop of rice, 1 crop of corn and 2 crops of celery, conducted research on continuous planting of 3 crops of celery, and conducted research on continuous planting of 2 crops of celery and 1 crop of green vegetables.

[0105] Planting mode 1: Rotation of Stropharia cap mushrooms with 2 crops of celery. Planting is carried out according to the example of the present invention. A mushroom shed is built in winter to plant 1 crop of Stropharia cap mushrooms. After harvesting, the mushroom residue is returned to the field. 2 crops of celery are planted continuously. After the celery is harvested, a mushroom shed is built to continue planting Stropharia cap mushrooms. This cycle is repeated for one year as a planting cycle.

[0106] Planting mode 2: Rotation of Stropharia and rice, a traditional mushroom-rice rotation mode. After the rice is harvested, Stropharia is planted in the rice field using rice straw. After the Stropharia is harvested, the mushroom residue is returned to the field and rice is planted again. This cycle is repeated for one year as a planting cycle.

[0107] Planting mode 3: Rotation of Stropharia and corn. After corn is harvested, Stropharia is planted on corn stalks. After the Stropharia is harvested, the residue is returned to the field and corn is planted. This cycle is repeated for one year as a planting cycle.

[0108] Planting mode 4: Plant celery three times a year, that is, plant celery continuously in the same plot of land, and repeat this cycle, with one year as a planting cycle. Calculate and analyze the planting benefits in the first year. After that, the yield and quality of celery will decrease due to continuous cropping obstacles, and the benefits will be worse.

[0109] Planting mode 5: Rotation of 2 crops of celery and 1 crop of other vegetables (green vegetables), that is, in the same plot of land, 2 crops of celery are planted in spring and summer, and 1 crop of green vegetables is planted in autumn and winter. This cycle is repeated for one year.

[0110] The crop effects and total benefits of planting patterns 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are statistically analyzed, see Table 5.

[0111] Table 5

[0112]

[0113] From Table 5, we can see that Stropharia and two crops of celery can not only make full use of the idle time of vegetable fields in winter to plant Stropharia with good social, ecological and economic benefits, but also reduce the application of fertilizers and pesticides for celery by returning mushroom residue to the fields, reduce costs, and increase yield and quality. Moreover, it can give full play to the advantages of high-temperature celery varieties and put them on the market when vegetables are scarce in summer, thus obtaining higher economic benefits.

[0114] In summary, the method for producing Stropharia rugosa by graded fermentation in the present application shortens the spawning time from sowing to fruiting to 71 days through graded composting, three-layer paving and covering with soil after the mycelium climbs to the surface of the paving, and increases the average yield to 7.39 kg / m 2 In addition, by adopting the graded fermentation method of the present application to produce Stropharia officinalis from the end of October to the end of April, planting the first crop of celery from the beginning of May to the end of July of the following year and planting the second crop of celery from the beginning of August to the middle and late October of the following year, the stem base rot of celery can be significantly reduced to 3.2% and the nitrite content can be reduced to 2.314 mg / kg, while the soluble sugar and vitamin C contents and the total yield of two crops of celery in spring and summer are significantly increased, thus avoiding the continuous cropping obstacle caused by the continuous planting of Stropharia officinalis, reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides of celery, reducing costs, improving yield and quality, and obtaining higher economic benefits.

[0115] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis in crop rotation with celery, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Planting Stropharia in the field, harvesting Stropharia, and returning the mushroom residue to the field; 2) Planting celery on the fields where the mushroom residue is returned to the fields; 1), the previous crop of the field is celery; the time for planting Stropharia rugosa is from October of the current year to April of the next year; 2) The planting period of celery is from May to October of the following year, and two crops of celery are planted; The method for growing Stropharia officinalis comprises the following steps: 1-1) Sawdust, lime and water are mixed to form a mixture A, and primary compost fermentation is performed to obtain a primary fermentation material; 1-2) the primary fermentation material, cottonseed husks, rice husks, bran, lime and water are mixed to form a mixture B, and secondary composting is performed to obtain a secondary fermentation material; 1-3) mixing the secondary fermentation material and water to form a culture medium, spreading the culture medium on a field, setting up a mushroom shed on the field, sowing Stropharia occidentalis spawn, culturing mycelium, and covering with soil to form a covering layer; 1-4) carrying out mushroom cultivation to obtain Stropharia rugosa; 1-1), the primary composting fermentation time is 50 to 70 days; In 1-2), the secondary composting fermentation time is 9 to 13 days.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The invention comprises at least one of the following technical features: in 1-1), the mass ratio of the sawdust to the lime is (96-100):2; 1-1), based on the total mass of sawdust, lime and water, the water content of the mixture A is 67-75%.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The primary heap fermentation is divided into a first heap fermentation and a second heap fermentation. The time of the first heap fermentation is 25 to 35 days, and the time of the second heap fermentation is 25 to 35 days.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The invention comprises at least one of the following technical features: in 1-2), the mass ratio of the primary fermentation material, cottonseed hulls, rice husks, bran and lime is (70-74): (15～19)：11：(10～15)：(1～2)； 1-2), based on the total mass of the primary fermentation material, cottonseed hulls, rice husks, bran, lime and water, the water content of the mixture B is 65% to 70%; In 1-2), the pH value of the secondary fermentation material is 6.7-7.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The secondary heap fermentation is divided into the first heap fermentation, the second heap fermentation and the third heap fermentation. The time of the first heap fermentation and the second heap fermentation is 3 to 5 days, and the time of the third heap fermentation is 3 days.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method comprises at least one of the following technical features: in 1-3), the culture medium is laid in three layers, the width of each layer of culture medium is 0.6 to 1.0 m, and the thickness of each layer of culture medium is 3 to 10 cm; 1-3), the sowing amount of the Stropharia officinalis strain is 600-800 g / m 2 ; In 1-3), the humidity of the mycelium culture is 70 to 75%, and the temperature of the mycelium culture is 20 to 25°C.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The row spacing of celery is 7-8cm×7-8cm.

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