A sealing structure and monitoring method for compressed air energy storage cavity

Abstract

The present invention discloses a sealing structure and monitoring method for a compressed air energy storage cavity. The structure includes a waterproof layer, a composite material lining layer and a sealing layer. The sealing layer includes an outer protective layer, an elastic buffer layer and a structural working layer. A cavity is provided in the structural working layer. A pressure sensor is embedded in the outer protective layer. The pressure sensor is attached to the outer wall of the composite material lining layer. A plurality of optical fiber temperature and humidity sensors are provided on the contact surface between the structural working layer and the compressed air. The method includes the following steps: 1. Construction of the sealing structure on the surrounding rock mass; 2. Detection of the sealing structure on the surrounding rock mass; 3. Injection and monitoring of compressed air in the cavity. The present invention provides a waterproof layer, a composite material lining layer and a sealing layer for the compressed air energy storage cavity, and provides a detection sensor to monitor the changes in the internal environment of the cavity in real time to ensure the safety of the cavity sealing structure during the storage of compressed air.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new energy storage, and in particular relates to a sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] Currently, compressed air energy storage is mainly used in underground salt cavern gas storage and underground rock cavern gas storage. Underground rock cavern gas storage is widely used due to its advantages such as convenient site selection, few restrictions, mature construction technology, and strong operability. At present, traditional compressed air energy storage cavity sealing structures are mostly sealed with lining, rubber, fiberglass, etc. Due to the continuous cycle of gas pressure during gas injection and storage in the cavity, the stress changes of the sealing layer, the cavern lining, and the surrounding rock are not necessarily the same. Therefore, the durability and long-term stability of the sealing layer will be greatly reduced under the action of gas injection and storage, and the safety of the gas storage will also be affected to a certain extent. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the current gas storage surrounding rock cavity sealing structure and add detection sensors to monitor the changes in the internal cavity environment in real time. This will facilitate the timely implementation of corresponding measures based on the changes in the internal cavity environment and ensure the safety of the cavity sealing structure during the storage of compressed air. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art and provide a sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity. The structure is simple and the design is reasonable. A waterproof layer, a composite material lining layer and a sealing layer are provided for the compressed air energy storage cavity, and a detection sensor is provided to monitor the changes in the internal environment of the cavity in real time, so as to facilitate the subsequent timely adoption of corresponding measures according to the changes in the internal environment of the cavity, thereby ensuring the safety of the cavity sealing structure during the storage process of compressed air.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts a technical solution: a sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity, characterized in that it includes a waterproof layer, a composite material lining layer, and a sealing layer arranged on the surrounding rock mass and arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, the sealing layer includes an outer protective layer, an elastic buffer layer, and a structural working layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, the outer protective layer is arranged on the composite material lining layer, and a cavity is arranged in the structural working layer;

[0005] A pressure sensor is embedded in the outer protective layer, and the pressure sensor is attached to the outer side wall of the composite material lining layer;

[0006] A plurality of optical fiber temperature and humidity sensors are arranged on the contact surface between the structural working layer and the compressed air in the cavity.

[0007] The above-mentioned sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity is characterized in that the waterproof layer is a plain concrete waterproof layer or a cement waterproof layer, and the thickness of the waterproof layer is 2mm to 3mm.

[0008] The above-mentioned sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity is characterized in that the composite material lining layer is a reinforced steel fiber concrete layer, and the thickness of the composite material lining layer is 5 cm to 10 cm.

[0009] The above-mentioned sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity is characterized in that: the outer protective layer and the structural working layer are both epoxy fiberglass coatings, the thickness of the outer protective layer is 10mm to 12mm, and the thickness of the structural working layer is 15mm to 16mm;

[0010] The elastic buffer pad layer is a butyl rubber pad layer, and the thickness of the elastic buffer pad layer is 3mm to 4mm.

[0011] The above-mentioned sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity is characterized in that the inner wall of the elastic buffer pad layer is arranged on the outer protective layer through a first adhesive layer, and the outer wall of the elastic buffer pad layer is sealed and connected to the structural working layer through a second adhesive layer.

[0012] The above-mentioned sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity is characterized in that a plurality of prestressed connectors are provided in the composite material lining layer, the waterproof layer and the surrounding rock mass.

[0013] The above-mentioned sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity is characterized in that: the prestressed connector is arranged vertically on the inner wall of the surrounding rock body, and the length of one end of the prestressed connector extending into the surrounding rock body is 1m to 3m, and the other end of the prestressed connector is flush with the connection between the composite material lining layer and the outer protective layer.

[0014] At the same time, the present invention also discloses a method for monitoring a compressed air energy storage cavity sealing structure with simple steps and reasonable design, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Construction of sealing structure on surrounding rock mass:

[0016] Step 101: constructing a waterproof layer on the surrounding rock mass;

[0017] Step 102: driving a prestressed connector into the waterproof layer; wherein the prestressed connector is arranged perpendicular to the inner wall of the surrounding rock mass, and one end of the prestressed connector extends into the surrounding rock mass by a length of 1m to 3m;

[0018] Step 103: constructing a composite material lining layer on the waterproof layer;

[0019] Step 104: Install multiple pressure sensors on the composite material lining layer and apply an outer protective layer; wherein the other end of the prestressed connector is flush with the connection between the composite material lining layer and the outer protective layer, and the pressure sensors are embedded in the outer protective layer;

[0020] Step 105: Laying an elastic cushion layer on the outer protective layer using an adhesive;

[0021] Step 106: applying adhesive to the elastic buffer layer and applying a structural working layer;

[0022] Step 2: Detection of sealing structure on surrounding rock mass:

[0023] Step 201: Inject compressed air into the cavity until the volume of compressed air in the cavity is The pressure sensor detects the pressure in the cavity and obtains an initial pressure value P0; where V represents the volume of the cavity;

[0024] Step 202: After the cavity has been stationary for 24 to 48 hours, if the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is greater than 0.8P0, the leakage rate of the cavity is qualified; otherwise, the leakage rate of the cavity is unqualified, and step 203 is executed;

[0025] Step 203: Repair the sealing layer, then repeat steps 201 and 202 and perform gas injection testing until the leakage rate of the cavity is qualified;

[0026] Step 3: Injection and monitoring of compressed air into the cavity:

[0027] Step 301: When the leakage rate of the cavity is qualified, continue to inject compressed air into the cavity. During the process of injecting compressed air into the cavity, the pressure sensor detects the pressure in the cavity in real time. At the same time, the optical fiber temperature and humidity sensor detects the temperature and humidity in the cavity in real time.

[0028] Step 302: The pressure value detected at the i-th detection moment is recorded as P i , the temperature value detected at the i-th detection moment is recorded as T i , the humidity value detected at the i-th detection moment is recorded as RH i , and P i 、T i and RH i Respectively with the maximum pressure setting P s , Maximum temperature setting T s and humidity setting maximum RH s For comparison, when P i Less than P s , T i Less than T s , RHi Less than RH s When the compressed air is full, continue to inject the compressed air into the cavity until it is full; otherwise, stop injecting the compressed air;

[0029] Step 303: When the injection of compressed air is stopped, the pressure sensor detects the pressure in the cavity to obtain a pressure value P1;

[0030] Afterwards, the pressure sensor detects the pressure in the cavity in real time. If the detected pressure is greater than 0.8P1, the compressed air energy storage in the cavity meets the requirement; otherwise, step 304 is executed;

[0031] Step 304: Repair the leak in the sealing layer, and then repeat steps 2 and 3.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0033] 1. The present invention has a simple structure and a reasonable design and can improve the long-term stability and durability of the compressed air energy storage cavity seal under gas injection and gas storage.

[0034] 2. The waterproof layer provided in the present invention is mainly used for the moisture-isolating, waterproof and damp-proof effects on the inner wall of the surrounding rock body.

[0035] 3. The present invention sets up a composite material lining layer mainly to solve the internal morphology of the surrounding rock structure and the transition effect of the surrounding rock structure. Ultimately, the composite material lining layer increases the tensile stress and crack resistance of the lining layer, and at the same time can reduce the impact of changes in surrounding rock pressure on the lining layer.

[0036] 4. The elastic buffer layer is provided in the present invention to reduce the heat conduction effect of the structural working layer and the conduction of the cavity pressure through the structural working layer, which may cause damage and deformation of the composite lining layer and the surrounding rock mass, thereby increasing the long-term stability and durability of the cavity sealing layer; it is also to reduce the influence of stress changes of the composite lining layer and the surrounding rock mass on the deformation of the sealing layer; it can also reduce the leakage rate, thereby ensuring the safety of compressed air energy storage.

[0037] 5. The present invention is provided with a pressure sensor and an optical fiber temperature and humidity sensor to realize real-time monitoring of changes in the internal environment of the cavity, so as to facilitate the subsequent timely adoption of corresponding measures according to changes in the internal environment of the cavity to ensure that the sealing structure is qualified.

[0038] 6. The monitoring method for the compressed air energy storage cavity sealing structure of the present invention has simple steps, is easy to implement and simple to operate, and ensures the safety of the cavity sealing structure during the storage of compressed air.

[0039] 7. The monitoring method for the sealing structure of the compressed air energy storage cavity of the present invention is easy to operate and has good use effect. First, the sealing structure on the surrounding rock mass is constructed, and then the sealing structure on the surrounding rock mass is inspected; finally, the compressed air in the cavity is injected and monitored.

[0040] In summary, the present invention has a simple structure and a reasonable design. A waterproof layer, a composite material lining layer and a sealing layer are provided for the compressed air energy storage cavity, and a detection sensor is provided to monitor the changes in the internal environment of the cavity in real time, so as to facilitate the subsequent timely adoption of corresponding measures according to the changes in the internal environment of the cavity, thereby ensuring the safety of the cavity sealing structure during the storage process of compressed air.

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the present invention.

[0044] Description of the accompanying drawings:

[0045] 1—surrounding rock mass; 2—sealing layer;

[0046] 5—waterproof layer; 6—composite material lining layer;

[0047] 7—External protective layer; 8—Elastic cushion layer; 9—Structural working layer;

[0048] 10—Prestressed connector; 11—Fiber optic temperature and humidity sensor; 12—Pressure sensor;

[0049] 13—Cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] like Figure 1 The sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity shown in the figure includes a waterproof layer 5, a composite material lining layer 6, and a sealing layer 2 arranged on a surrounding rock mass 1 and arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The sealing layer 2 includes an outer protective layer 7, an elastic buffering pad layer 8, and a structural working layer 9 arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The outer protective layer 7 is arranged on the composite material lining layer 6, and a cavity 13 is provided in the structural working layer 9.

[0051] A pressure sensor 12 is embedded in the outer protective layer 7 and attached to the outer side wall of the composite material lining layer 6;

[0052] A plurality of optical fiber temperature and humidity sensors 11 are provided on the contact surface between the structural working layer 9 and the compressed air in the cavity 13 .

[0053] In this embodiment, the waterproof layer 5 is a plain concrete waterproof layer or a cement waterproof layer, and the thickness of the waterproof layer 5 is 2 mm to 3 mm.

[0054] In this embodiment, the composite material lining layer 6 is a reinforced steel fiber concrete layer, and the thickness of the composite material lining layer 6 is 5 cm to 10 cm.

[0055] In this embodiment, the outer protective layer 7 and the structural working layer 9 are both epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic coatings, the thickness of the outer protective layer 7 is 10 mm to 12 mm, and the thickness of the structural working layer 9 is 15 mm to 16 mm;

[0056] The elastic buffer layer 8 is a butyl rubber cushion layer, and the thickness of the elastic buffer layer 8 is 3 mm to 4 mm.

[0057] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the elastic buffer layer 8 is arranged on the outer protective layer 7 through a first adhesive layer, and the outer wall of the elastic buffer layer 8 is sealed and connected to the structural working layer 9 through a second adhesive layer.

[0058] In this embodiment, a plurality of prestressed connectors 10 are provided in the composite material lining layer 6 , the waterproof layer 5 and the surrounding rock mass 1 .

[0059] In this embodiment, the prestressed connector 10 is arranged vertically on the inner wall of the surrounding rock mass 1, and one end of the prestressed connector 10 extends into the surrounding rock mass 1 by a length of 1m to 3m, and the other end of the prestressed connector 10 is flush with the connection between the composite material lining layer 6 and the outer protective layer 7.

[0060] In this embodiment, during actual use, the surrounding rock mass 1 is provided with an air injection channel and an air release channel that are connected to the cavity 13 .

[0061] In this embodiment, the waterproof layer 5 is provided mainly for the moisture-isolating, waterproof and damp-proof functions on the inner wall of the surrounding rock mass 1 .

[0062] In this embodiment, the composite material lining layer 6 is mainly used to solve the internal morphology of the surrounding rock mass 1 structure and the transition effect of the surrounding rock mass 1 structure. Ultimately, the composite material lining layer 6 is used to increase the tensile stress and crack resistance of the lining layer, and at the same time, it can reduce the impact of changes in surrounding rock pressure on the lining layer.

[0063] In this embodiment, in actual use, the prestressed connector 10 is a steel nail.

[0064] In this embodiment, the prestressed connector 10 is provided to strengthen the connection between the composite material lining layer 6 and the surrounding rock mass 1, thereby achieving a super strong fixing effect.

[0065] In this embodiment, both the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer are high-strength adhesives.

[0066] In this embodiment, it is further preferred that the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer are both reinforced epoxy adhesives.

[0067] In this embodiment, in order to reduce the influence of the gas pressure, temperature and humidity of the cavity 13 on the outer protective layer 7 , a high-strength adhesive is used to evenly and densely bond the elastic buffer layer 8 to the outer protective layer 7 .

[0068] In this embodiment, in order to improve the sealing performance of the compressed air energy storage cavity, a structural working layer 9 is applied on the elastic buffer layer 8, and high-strength adhesive is also used for bonding. The purpose is to reduce the temperature conduction in the cavity 13, and at the same time, it can also reduce the destructive effect of the cavity gas pressure on the sealing layer 2, lining and surrounding rock.

[0069] In this embodiment, the purpose of arranging the elastic buffer pad layer 8 between the outer protective layer 7 and the structural working layer 9 is to reduce the heat conduction effect of the structural working layer 9 and the conduction of the cavity pressure through the structural working layer 9, which may cause damage and deformation of the composite material lining layer 6 and the surrounding rock mass 1, thereby increasing the long-term stability and durability of the cavity sealing layer; in addition, the elastic buffer pad layer 8 is also arranged to reduce the influence of the stress changes of the composite material lining layer 6 and the surrounding rock mass 1 on the deformation of the sealing layer 2; secondly, by arranging the elastic buffer pad layer 8, the outer protective layer 7 and the structural working layer 9 can better achieve the sealing effect, and can also reduce the leakage rate and the occurrence of adverse safety accidents, thereby ensuring the safety of compressed air energy storage.

[0070] In this embodiment, the sealing layer 2 is composed of an outer protective layer 7, an elastic buffer pad layer 8 and a structural working layer 9, which not only greatly improves the sealing performance of the cavity, but also reduces the leakage rate of the cavity gas, thereby improving the safety performance of compressed air energy storage; since the elastic buffer pad layer 8 is added between the outer protective layer 7 and the structural working layer 9, it effectively blocks the conduction of temperature, humidity, pressure and deformation of the surrounding rock mass in the cavity.

[0071] In this embodiment, compared with the traditional underground rock gas storage cavity lining, the present invention adopts a composite material lining, which can not only solve the impact of the stress change of the surrounding rock on the lining structure, but also reduce the crack resistance of the lining layer during use, thereby ensuring the integrity of the lining structure.

[0072] In this embodiment, to improve the stability of the compressed air energy storage chamber and detect the impact of the chamber gas pressure on the sealing structure, a pressure sensor 12 is added to the outer protective layer 7. The pressure sensor 12 is mainly used to detect the chamber pressure. It also plays a role in preventing leakage of the sealing layer.

[0073] In this embodiment, the optical fiber temperature and humidity sensor 11 is provided to detect the temperature and humidity of the cavity 13 to prevent the temperature in the cavity 1 from exceeding the set value or the humidity from exceeding the set value. It is also possible to facilitate air drying measures for the internal environment of the cavity 13 based on the detected humidity, and it is also possible to facilitate cooling measures for the internal environment of the cavity 13 based on the detected temperature to improve the impact of the internal environment of the cavity 13 on the durability of the sealing layer.

[0074] like Figure 2 A monitoring method for a compressed air energy storage cavity sealing structure shown includes the following steps:

[0075] Step 1: Construction of sealing structure on surrounding rock mass:

[0076] Step 101: constructing a waterproof layer 5 on the surrounding rock mass 1;

[0077] Step 102: driving a prestressed connector 10 into the waterproof layer 5; wherein the prestressed connector 10 is arranged perpendicular to the inner wall of the surrounding rock mass 1, and one end of the prestressed connector 10 extends into the surrounding rock mass 1 for a length of 1m to 3m;

[0078] Step 103: constructing a composite material lining layer 6 on the waterproof layer 5;

[0079] Step 104: Install multiple pressure sensors 12 on the composite material lining layer 6 and apply an outer protective layer 7; wherein the other end of the prestressed connector 10 is flush with the connection between the composite material lining layer 6 and the outer protective layer 7, and the pressure sensors 12 are embedded in the outer protective layer 7;

[0080] Step 105: Laying the elastic cushion layer 8 on the outer protective layer 7 using an adhesive;

[0081] Step 106: coating the elastic buffer layer 8 with adhesive and coating the structural working layer 9;

[0082] Step 2: Detection of sealing structure on surrounding rock mass:

[0083] Step 201: Inject compressed air into the cavity 13 until the volume of the compressed air in the cavity 13 is The pressure sensor 12 detects the pressure in the cavity 13 and obtains an initial pressure value P0, where V represents the volume of the cavity 13;

[0084] Step 202: After the cavity 13 has been stationary for 24 to 48 hours, if the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 12 is greater than 0.8P0, the leakage rate of the cavity 13 is qualified; otherwise, the leakage rate of the cavity 13 is unqualified, and step 203 is executed;

[0085] Step 203: Repair the sealing layer 2, then repeat steps 201 and 202 and perform gas injection testing again until the leakage rate of the cavity 13 is qualified;

[0086] Step 3: Injection and monitoring of compressed air into the cavity:

[0087] Step 301: When the leakage rate of the cavity 13 is qualified, continue to inject compressed air into the cavity 13. During the process of injecting compressed air into the cavity 13, the pressure sensor 12 detects the pressure in the cavity 13 in real time. At the same time, the optical fiber temperature and humidity sensor 11 detects the temperature and humidity in the cavity 13 in real time.

[0088] Step 302: The pressure value detected at the i-th detection moment is recorded as P i , the temperature value detected at the i-th detection moment is recorded as T i , the humidity value detected at the i-th detection moment is recorded as RH i , and P i 、T i and RH i Respectively with the maximum pressure setting P s , Maximum temperature setting T s and humidity setting maximum RH s For comparison, when P i Less than P s , T i Less than T s , RH i Less than RH s When the compressed air is injected into the cavity 13, the compressed air is continuously injected until the cavity 13 is full; otherwise, the compressed air injection is stopped;

[0089] Step 303: When the injection of compressed air is stopped, the pressure sensor 12 detects the pressure in the cavity 13 to obtain a pressure value P1;

[0090] Afterwards, the pressure sensor 12 detects the pressure in the cavity 13 in real time. If the detected pressure is greater than 0.8P1, the compressed air energy storage in the cavity 13 meets the requirement; otherwise, step 304 is executed;

[0091] Step 304: Repair the leak in the sealing layer 2, and then repeat steps 2 and 3.

[0092] In this embodiment, in actual use, the pressure is set to the maximum value P s , Maximum temperature setting T s and humidity setting maximum RH s Can be set according to design requirements.

[0093] In this embodiment, it is further preferred that the maximum pressure setting value Ps The maximum temperature is 10 MPa, T s The humidity is set to 80℃ and the maximum value is RH. s is 90% RH.

[0094] In summary, the present invention has a simple structure and a reasonable design. A waterproof layer, a composite material lining layer and a sealing layer are provided for the compressed air energy storage cavity, and a detection sensor is provided to monitor the changes in the internal environment of the cavity in real time, so as to facilitate the subsequent timely adoption of corresponding measures according to the changes in the internal environment of the cavity, thereby ensuring the safety of the cavity sealing structure during the storage process of compressed air.

[0095] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent structural change made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity, characterized in that: The invention comprises a waterproof layer (5), a composite material lining layer (6) and a sealing layer (2) which are arranged on a surrounding rock mass (1) and arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, the sealing layer (2) comprises an outer protective layer (7), an elastic buffer layer (8) and a structural working layer (9) which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, the outer protective layer (7) is arranged on the composite material lining layer (6), and a cavity (13) is arranged in the structural working layer (9); A pressure sensor (12) is embedded in the outer protective layer (7), and the pressure sensor (12) is attached to the outer side wall of the composite material lining layer (6); A plurality of optical fiber temperature and humidity sensors (11) are provided on the contact surface between the structural working layer (9) and the compressed air in the cavity (13); The inner side wall of the elastic buffer layer (8) is arranged on the outer protective layer (7) through a first adhesive layer, and the outer side wall of the elastic buffer layer (8) is sealed and connected to the structural working layer (9) through a second adhesive layer.

2. A sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof layer (5) is a plain concrete waterproof layer or a cement waterproof layer, and the thickness of the waterproof layer (5) is 2 mm to 3 mm.

3. A sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite material lining layer (6) is a reinforced steel fiber concrete layer, and the thickness of the composite material lining layer (6) is 5 cm to 10 cm.

4. A sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer protective layer (7) and the structural working layer (9) are both epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic coatings, the thickness of the outer protective layer (7) is 10 mm to 12 mm, and the thickness of the structural working layer (9) is 15 mm to 16 mm; The elastic buffer layer (8) is a butyl rubber cushion layer, and the thickness of the elastic buffer layer (8) is 3 mm to 4 mm.

5. The sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of prestressed connectors (10) are provided in the composite material lining layer (6), the waterproof layer (5) and the surrounding rock mass (1).

6. A sealing structure for a compressed air energy storage cavity according to claim 5, characterized in that: The prestressed connector (10) is arranged perpendicular to the inner wall of the surrounding rock mass (1), and one end of the prestressed connector (10) extends into the surrounding rock mass (1) by a length of 1m to 3m, and the other end of the prestressed connector (10) is flush with the connection between the composite material lining layer (6) and the outer protective layer (7).

7. A monitoring method for a compressed air energy storage cavity sealing structure, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Construction of sealing structure on surrounding rock mass: Step 101: constructing a waterproof layer (5) on the surrounding rock mass (1); Step 102: driving a prestressed connector (10) into the waterproof layer (5); wherein the prestressed connector (10) is arranged perpendicular to the inner wall of the surrounding rock mass (1), and the length of one end of the prestressed connector (10) extending into the surrounding rock mass (1) is 1m to 3m; Step 103: constructing a composite material lining layer (6) on the waterproof layer (5); Step 104: installing a plurality of pressure sensors (12) on the composite material lining layer (6) and coating an outer protective layer (7); wherein the other end of the prestressed connector (10) is flush with the connection between the composite material lining layer (6) and the outer protective layer (7), and the pressure sensor (12) is embedded in the outer protective layer (7); Step 105: Laying an elastic buffer layer (8) on the outer protective layer (7) using an adhesive; Step 106: applying adhesive to the elastic buffer layer (8) and applying the structural working layer (9); Step 2: Detection of sealing structure on surrounding rock mass: Step 201: Inject compressed air into the cavity (13) until the volume of the compressed air in the cavity (13) is The pressure sensor (12) detects the pressure in the cavity (13) and obtains the initial pressure value. ;in, represents the volume of the cavity (13); Step 202: After the cavity (13) has been stationary for 24 to 48 hours, the pressure detected by the pressure sensor (12) is greater than , the leakage rate of the cavity (13) is qualified; otherwise, the leakage rate of the cavity (13) is unqualified, and step 203 is executed; Step 203, repairing the sealing layer (2), then repeating steps 201 and 202 and performing gas injection testing until the leakage rate of the cavity (13) is qualified; Step 3: Injection and monitoring of compressed air into the cavity: Step 301: When the leakage rate of the cavity (13) is qualified, the compressed air is continuously injected into the cavity (13). During the process of injecting the compressed air into the cavity (13), the pressure sensor (12) detects the pressure in the cavity (13) in real time. At the same time, the optical fiber temperature and humidity sensor (11) detects the temperature and humidity in the cavity (13) in real time. Step 302: The pressure value detected at the detection moment is recorded as , will The temperature value detected at each detection moment is recorded as , will The humidity value detected at each detection moment is recorded as , and 、 and Respectively with the maximum pressure setting , Temperature setting maximum value and humidity setting maximum value For comparison, when Less than , Less than , Less than When the compressed air is injected into the cavity (13), the compressed air is continuously injected until the cavity (13) is full and the injection is stopped; otherwise, the compressed air injection is stopped; Step 303: When the compressed air injection is stopped, the pressure sensor (12) detects the pressure in the cavity (13) and obtains a pressure value. ; Afterwards, the pressure sensor (12) detects the pressure in the cavity (13) in real time, and the detected pressure is greater than , the compressed air energy storage in the cavity (13) meets the requirement; otherwise, execute step 304; Step 304: Repair the leak in the sealing layer (2), and then repeat steps 2 and 3.

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