A Quantum Random Number Generator Based on Random Phase and Its Generation Method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a quantum random number generator based on random phases and a generation method. The random number generator includes at least two random phase generation units and a coherent detector. The at least two random phase generation units are respectively connected to the coherent detector. Each random phase generation unit includes a switch, and the switches are turned on in a preset order to trigger the corresponding random phase generation unit to generate an optical signal with a resonant random phase. The timing of turning on two switches needs to satisfy that after the stable state of one random phase generation unit is established, the other random phase generation unit has not been turned off yet. The coherent detector is used to detect the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by two random phase generation units to obtain a phase difference, so as to generate random numbers. The present invention utilizes the stimulated emission of a laser, and the phases of the winning spontaneous emission photons are random and unpredictable. Based on this, a random number generator is constructed to generate true random numbers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of quantum secure communication, and particularly to a quantum random number generator based on random phase and a generation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In modern society, random numbers are widely used in fields such as simulation, cryptography, and quantum information. According to different generation principles, random numbers can be divided into two categories: true random numbers and pseudo-random numbers. Pseudo-random numbers have autocorrelation within a certain range and can therefore be predicted.

[0003] For existing random number generators, most generate pseudo-random numbers. Although pseudo-random numbers have statistical characteristics similar to true random numbers, they can actually be calculated through a certain periodic rule; there is also a small part of random number generators that can generate true random numbers. For existing generators of true random numbers, they basically use complex circuits or complex instrument combinations to complete the generation of true random numbers. Random number generators formed by complex circuits or complex instrument combinations often have the characteristics of complex operation, difficult production, and high cost.

[0004] In view of this, how to overcome the defects of the existing technology and solve the above technical problems is a difficult problem to be solved in this technical field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to solve the problems of complex operation, difficult production, and high cost caused by the complex structure of existing generators of true random numbers.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a quantum random number generator based on random phase, including at least two random phase generating units and a coherent detector. At least two of the random phase generating units are respectively connected to the coherent detector. Each random phase generating unit includes a switch. Wherein, the switches are turned on in a preset order to trigger the corresponding random phase generating unit to generate an optical signal with a resonant random phase. The timing of turning on two switches needs to meet: after the stable state of one random phase generating unit is established, the other random phase generating unit has not been turned off yet;

[0008] The coherent detector is used to detect the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by two random phase generating units to obtain a phase difference, so as to generate a random number according to the phase difference.

[0009] Preferably, the quantum random number generator specifically includes a first random phase generating unit and a second random phase generating unit. The quantum random number generator includes a pump laser, a beam splitter, a first switch, a second switch, a first single-frequency fiber laser resonator, and a second single-frequency fiber laser resonator;

[0010] The output end of the pump laser is connected to the input end of the beam splitter. One output end of the beam splitter is connected to the input end of the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator through the first switch, and the output end of the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator is connected to one input end of the coherent detector;

[0011] The other output end of the beam splitter is connected to the input end of the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator through the second switch, and the output end of the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator is connected to the other input end of the coherent detector;

[0012] Among them, the pump laser, the beam splitter, the first switch, and the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator constitute the first random phase generating unit;

[0013] The pump laser, the beam splitter, the second switch, and the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator constitute the second random phase generating unit.

[0014] Preferably, the quantum random number generator specifically includes a first random phase generating unit and a second random phase generating unit. The quantum random number generator includes a first pump laser, a second pump laser, a first switch, a second switch, a first single-frequency fiber laser resonator, and a second single-frequency fiber laser resonator;

[0015] The first pump laser, the first switch, and the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator are connected in sequence to form the first random phase generating unit, where the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator is connected to the coherent detector;

[0016] The second pump laser, the second switch, and the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator are connected in sequence to form the second random phase generating unit, where the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator is connected to the coherent detector.

[0017] Preferably, the channel length between the coherent detector and the corresponding single-frequency fiber laser resonator is less than the coherence length of the corresponding random phase generating unit.

[0018] Preferably, the quantum random number generator specifically includes a first random phase generating unit and a second random phase generating unit;

[0019] The first random phase generation unit includes a first single-frequency semiconductor laser and a first current regulator. The first current regulator is connected to the first single-frequency semiconductor laser, and the first single-frequency semiconductor laser is connected to the coherent detector;

[0020] The second random phase generation unit includes a second single-frequency semiconductor laser and a second current regulator. The second current regulator is connected to the second single-frequency semiconductor laser, and the second single-frequency semiconductor laser is connected to the coherent detector;

[0021] Wherein, the first current regulator and the second current regulator serve as switches in their respective random phase generation units.

[0022] Preferably, the quantum random number generator includes a first random phase generation unit, a second random phase generation unit, and a third random phase generation unit. The first random phase generation unit includes a first switch, the second random phase generation unit includes a second switch, and the third random phase generation unit includes a third switch. The first switch, the second switch, and the third switch are alternately turned on;

[0023] The coherent detector is used to detect the difference in the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by the first random phase generation unit and the second random phase generation unit, or to detect the difference in the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by the first random phase generation unit and the third random phase generation unit, or to detect the difference in the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by the second random phase generation unit and the third random phase generation unit, so as to improve the efficiency of random number generation.

[0024] In a second aspect, based on the quantum random number generator based on random phase, the present invention also proposes a method for generating quantum random numbers based on random phase. The generation method includes:

[0025] Turn on the corresponding switches in a preset order to trigger the corresponding random phase generation units to generate optical signals with resonant random phases. After the stable state of one random phase generation unit is established, another random phase generation unit has not been turned off;

[0026] The coherent detector detects the difference in the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by two random phase generation units to obtain a phase difference, so as to generate random numbers according to the phase difference.

[0027] Preferably, turning on the corresponding switches in a preset order to trigger the corresponding random phase generation units to generate optical signals with resonant random phases includes:

[0028] Turn on all the switches in the random phase generation units simultaneously; or,

[0029] Within a preset time, keep the switch of one of the random phase generating units in the on state, and intermittently turn on the switches of other random phase generating units; or,

[0030] Alternately turn on the switches of all the random phase generating units, so that after the stable state of one random phase generating unit is established, another random phase generating unit has not been turned off yet.

[0031] Preferably, the quantum random number generator includes a first random phase generating unit, a second random phase generating unit, and a third random phase generating unit. The first random phase generating unit includes a first switch, the second random phase generating unit includes a second switch, and the third random phase generating unit includes a third switch;

[0032] The alternately turning on the switches of all the random phase generating units, so that after the stable state of one random phase generating unit is established, another random phase generating unit has not been turned off yet, specifically includes:

[0033] Set the switching periods of the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch to control each switch to cycle on or off according to the given switching periods;

[0034] First turn on the second switch, and turn on the third switch before the turn-off signal of the first switching period of the second switch arrives;

[0035] Turn on the first switch before the turn-off signal of the first switching period of the third switch arrives to stagger the switching periods of each switch.

[0036] Preferably, the first random phase generating unit serves as the upper arm of the laser output, the second random phase generating unit serves as the middle arm of the laser output, and the third random phase generating unit serves as the lower arm of the laser output;

[0037] The coherent detector detects the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by two random phase generating units to obtain a phase difference, so as to generate a random number according to the phase difference, including:

[0038] Perform the first sampling before the middle arm is turned off and when the lower arm is just stably established to obtain the phase difference between the middle arm and the lower arm and obtain the first random number;

[0039] Perform the second sampling before the lower arm is turned off and when the upper arm is just stably established to obtain the phase difference between the lower arm and the upper arm and obtain the second random number;

[0040] The third sampling is performed before the upper arm is closed and when the middle arm is just stably established to obtain the phase difference between the lower arm and the upper arm, and a third random number is obtained; this cycle is repeated to obtain multiple random numbers.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions adopted by the present invention have the following beneficial effects: In the process of the laser transitioning from spontaneous emission to stimulated emission in the present invention, it is the result of the competition of resonant cavity modes. The starting spontaneous emission photons corresponding to the oscillating longitudinal mode that wins the competition have random phases and cannot be predicted. Utilizing the characteristic of the random initial phase of the laser oscillation, a random number generator of the present invention is constructed to generate true random numbers. The present invention does not require complex circuits or complex instrument combinations. Only a few simple device combinations can form the random number generator of the present invention. The quantum random number generator with random phases of the present invention has a simple structure, low cost, and is easy to manufacture. Description of the Drawings

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum random number generator based on random phases provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum random number generator based on random phases provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 It is another schematic structural diagram of a quantum random number generator based on random phases provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 It is still another schematic structural diagram of a quantum random number generator based on random phases provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 It is a flowchart of a method for generating a quantum random number based on random phases provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 It is a timing diagram corresponding to the synchronous opening of two switches in a method for generating a quantum random number based on random phases provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7Timing diagram corresponding to the asynchronous turn-on of two switches in a method for generating quantum random numbers based on random phases provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 Structural schematic diagram of a quantum random number generator with a three-way random phase generation unit having a beam splitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 Timing diagram corresponding to the quantum random number generator with a three-way random phase generation unit having a beam splitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a specific application scenario for directly obtaining quantum random numbers using existing coherent devices provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0053] In the description of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "inner", "outer", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention rather than requiring the present invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0054] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Embodiment 1:

[0056] An embodiment of the present invention provides a quantum random number generator based on random phases, as Figure 1 shown, which includes at least two random phase generation units and a coherent detector. At least two of the random phase generation units are respectively connected to the coherent detector. Each random phase generation unit includes a switch. Among them, the switches are turned on in a preset order to trigger the corresponding random phase generation unit to generate an optical signal with a resonant random phase. Among them, the timing of turning on two switches needs to meet the condition that after the stable state of one random phase generation unit is established, the other random phase generation unit has not been turned off yet;

[0057] The coherent detector is used to detect the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by two random phase generation units to obtain a phase difference, so as to generate random numbers based on the phase difference.

[0058] As Figure 1As shown, the quantum random number generator of the present invention is provided with a coherent detector and a random phase generation unit. By utilizing the characteristic that the initial phase of the laser oscillation in the random phase generation unit is random, a random number generator is constructed. Among them, the coherent detector is mainly used to detect the phase of the laser in the random phase generation unit (or the phase difference between the lasers in two random phase generation units). By connecting at least two random phase generation units to the coherent detector, each random phase generation unit is provided with a switch. By setting the on-time and order, as well as the off-time and order of the switch, and ensuring that exactly two random phase generation units are triggered to generate resonant random phase optical signals, the phase difference generated by the two random phase generation units is detected by the coherent detector to generate random numbers. It should be noted that the resonance establishment of the random phase generation unit in the embodiment of the present invention requires a certain amount of time, and the stable state indicates that the random phase generation unit has established a stable resonance state. The switch included in the random phase generation unit of the present invention is selected according to the composition structure in the random phase generation unit. It will be elaborated in detail later that different types of switches are selected in different situations, and no further description will be given here. In addition, the random numbers generated in the embodiment of the present invention are generated by the coherent detector and are essentially directly generated by the phase difference. The randomness stems from the random phase difference generated by the generator, and finally this randomness is detected by the coherent detector and output as random bits in the form of electrical signals. The entire detection and output process are completed by the coherent detector.

[0059] The present invention utilizes the characteristic that the initial phase of the laser oscillation is random to construct a random number generator. Only at least two random phase generation units and a coherent detector are required to form the quantum random number generator of the present invention, with a simple structure, easy fabrication, and low cost.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present invention, by flexibly adjusting the combination of the components in the random phase generation unit, it is ensured that in all the random phase generation units used, exactly two random phase generation units can generate resonant random phase optical signals each time. By detecting the phase difference between the two resonant random phases by the coherent detector, random numbers are produced. To elaborate on the complete solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the details of the present invention will be described in detail next.

[0061] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, when the quantum random number generator of the present invention specifically includes a first random phase generation unit and a second random phase generation unit, the quantum random number generator includes a pump laser, a beam splitter, a first switch, a second switch, a first single-frequency fiber laser resonator, and a second single-frequency fiber laser resonator; the output end of the pump laser is connected to the input end of the beam splitter, one output end of the beam splitter is connected to the input end of the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator through the first switch, and the output end of the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator is connected to one input end of the coherent detector; the other output end of the beam splitter is connected to the input end of the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator through the second switch, and the output end of the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator is connected to the other input end of the coherent detector; wherein, the pump laser, the beam splitter, the first switch, and the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator constitute the first random phase generation unit; the pump laser, the beam splitter, the second switch, and the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator constitute the second random phase generation unit.

[0062] As Figure 2 shown in the figure, the essence of the present invention is that the spontaneous emission of the laser establishes stimulated emission. Through the mode competition of the resonant cavity, the phase of the starting spontaneous emission photon corresponding to the oscillating longitudinal mode that wins the competition is random and unpredictable, so as to construct the quantum random number generator of the embodiment of the present invention; therefore, the functions of the first random phase unit and the second random phase unit are both to generate optical signals with resonant random phases. By competing the two generated resonant random phase signals, a phase difference is generated, and then random numbers are generated. For Figure 2 this, only one pump laser is needed in the embodiment of the present invention. By using the function of the beam splitter, the pump light generated by the pump laser is split into two, namely the first split pump light and the second split pump light, so that Figure 2 the corresponding quantum random number generator can generate optical signals with two resonant random phases. When a pump laser is selected, the corresponding switch specifically uses an optical switch to control the initialization of resonance. A first optical switch is provided between the beam splitter and the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator, and a second optical switch is provided between the beam splitter and the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator. When the first optical switch and the second optical switch are both turned on and stable, the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator and the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator transmit the optical signals with the corresponding resonant random phases into the coherent detector, and the phase difference between the two is detected by the coherent detector to generate random numbers. It should be noted that for Figure 2 the functions of the first optical switch and the second optical switch in this can also be realized by directly controlling the power switch of the pump source. In addition, the best splitting ratio of the first split light and the second split light split by the beam splitter is 1:1.

[0063] The main function of the beam splitter is to split the pump light generated by the pump laser into two beams of pump light to facilitate the formation of a phase difference. As Figure 3 shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the beam splitter may not be used, and the first pump laser and the second pump laser are directly used to replace Figure 2 the pump laser and the beam splitter in Figure 3 The quantum random number generator described in Figure 3 is different from the quantum random number generator in Figure 2 in that: Figure 3 two beams of pump light are directly generated by the first pump laser and the second pump laser respectively, while Figure 2 two beams of pump light are generated by using a pump laser and a beam splitter. The other devices are exactly the same for Figure 3 the principle in Figure 2 and the principle of generating random numbers in

[0064] The present invention can also use a single-frequency semiconductor laser combined with a current regulator to form a random phase generation unit to generate an optical signal with a resonant random phase. As Figure 4As shown, the quantum random number generator specifically includes a first random phase generation unit and a second random phase generation unit; the first random phase generation unit includes a first single-frequency semiconductor laser and a first current regulator, the first current regulator is connected to the first single-frequency semiconductor laser, and the first single-frequency semiconductor laser is connected to the coherent detector; the second random phase generation unit includes a second single-frequency semiconductor laser and a second current regulator, the second current regulator is connected to the second single-frequency semiconductor laser, and the second single-frequency semiconductor laser is connected to the coherent detector; wherein, the first current regulator and the second current regulator serve as switches in the corresponding random phase generation units respectively. It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present invention Figure 4 a semiconductor single-frequency laser is used, which is different from Figure 2 and Figure 3 the way of a pump laser + fiber resonator in Figure 4 The semiconductor laser in Figure 2 and Figure 3 is directly pumped by current (electrically driven). Therefore, the switching of it is directly controlled by the power switch that powers it on. Corresponding to the functions of the pump laser + the first / second switch in

[0065] In addition, in order to improve the efficiency of generating random numbers in the present invention, based on the quantum random generator in Figure 2 , a random phase generation unit for generating a resonant random phase optical signal is added. The quantum random number generator after adding a random phase generation unit includes a first random phase generation unit, a second random phase generation unit and a third random phase generation unit. The first random phase generation unit includes a first switch, the second random phase generation unit includes a second switch, and the third random phase generation unit includes a third switch. The first switch, the second switch and the third switch are alternately turned on; the coherent detector is used to detect the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by the first random phase generation unit and the second random phase generation unit, or to detect the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by the first random phase generation unit and the third random phase generation unit, or to detect the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by the second random phase generation unit and the third random phase generation unit, so as to improve the efficiency of random number generation. Figure 4The quantum random number generator of the present invention is turned on alternately by switches (in this case, optical switches) within a three-way random phase generation unit, and each time it is ensured that two paths generate resonant random phase optical signals; by increasing the number of paths of the random phase generation unit and performing alternating cyclic sampling, there is no need to turn off, and the time required for each sampling can be saved (for a quantum random generator with only two random phase generation units, after each sampling, it is necessary to turn off, and then turn on until the resonant random phase optical signals generated by the two paths are stable before sampling). It should be noted that the random phase generation unit of the present invention can also be increased to more than three paths for backup or cycling; however, from the perspective of energy conservation, usually only three random phase generation units are adopted to improve the efficiency of random number sampling.

[0066] The present invention utilizes the characteristic that the initial phase of laser oscillation is random to construct a true random number generator. Only at least two random phase generation units and a coherent detector are required to form the quantum random number generator of the present invention; in addition, the devices within the random phase generation unit of the present invention can be selected and matched according to actual situations to adapt to different scenarios. The quantum random number generator of the present invention has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and has a low cost.

[0067] Embodiment 2:

[0068] Combined with the foregoing Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a method for generating a quantum random number based on a random phase, and this method is applied to the quantum random number generator based on a random phase in Embodiment 1, as Figure 5 shown, and this generation method includes:

[0069] Step 201: Turn on the corresponding switches in a preset order to trigger the corresponding random phase generation units to generate resonant random phase optical signals. After the stable state of one random phase generation unit is established, the other random phase generation unit has not been turned off.

[0070] When generating random numbers in the embodiments of the present invention, it is necessary to ensure that two random phase generating units are turned on and a stable state is established, so that the two random phase generating units can generate optical signals with stable resonant random phases, facilitating the generation of a phase difference. It should be noted that for the type of switch, the preset order is determined according to the arrangement of each device in the random phase generating unit and the number of selected random phase generating units. The step of turning on the corresponding switch in the preset order to trigger the corresponding random phase generating unit to generate an optical signal with a resonant random phase includes: turning on all the switches in the random phase generating unit simultaneously; or, within a preset time, keeping the switch of one random phase generating unit in the on state and intermittently turning on the switches of other random phase generating units; or, alternately turning on all the switches in the random phase generating unit, so that after the stable state of one random phase generating unit is established, the other random phase generating unit has not been turned off yet; however, no matter how it is set, it is necessary to ensure that optical signals with two resonant random phases can be generated, facilitating the subsequent generation of a phase difference.

[0071] Step 202: The coherent detector detects the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by two random phase generating units pairwise to obtain a phase difference, facilitating the generation of random numbers based on the phase difference.

[0072] The present invention generates random numbers by detecting the phase difference between two optical signals with resonant random phases using a coherent detector. Among them, the generated random numbers are true random numbers.

[0073] For a quantum random number generator with only two random phase generating units, there are two generation methods: as Figure 6 shown, the first is to turn on the corresponding two switches simultaneously, enabling the two random phase generating units to be connected simultaneously to generate optical signals with two resonant random phases, and detecting the phase difference between the two optical signals using a coherent detector to generate random numbers; the second is as Figure 7 shown, first turn on one switch and keep it on. After the random phase generating unit corresponding to the turned-on switch generates an optical signal with a stable resonant random phase, turn on the other switch. After the random phase generating unit corresponding to the other switch generates an optical signal with a stable resonant random phase, use a coherent detector to detect the phase difference between the two optical signals to generate random numbers.

[0074] To improve the efficiency of generating random numbers, it is usually necessary to select a quantum random number generator with a random phase generation unit having three or more paths. Next, taking a quantum random number generator with a three-path random phase generation unit as an example, the method of generating random numbers by a quantum random number generator with a random phase generation unit having three or more paths will be described. Specifically: The quantum random number generator includes a first random phase generation unit, a second random phase generation unit, and a third random phase generation unit. The first random phase generation unit includes a first switch, the second random phase generation unit includes a second switch, and the third random phase generation unit includes a third switch; all the switches in the random phase generation units are alternately turned on, so that after the stable state of one random phase generation unit is established, another random phase generation unit has not been turned off yet. Specifically, it includes: setting the switching periods of the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch to control each switch to be cyclically turned on or off according to the given switching period; first turning on the second switch, and turning on the third switch before the turn-off signal of the first switching period of the second switch arrives; turning on the first switch before the turn-off signal of the first switching period of the third switch arrives to stagger the switching periods of each switch.

[0075] Taking a quantum random generator with a three-path random phase generation unit having a beam splitter as an example, as Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown, the first random phase generation unit serves as the upper arm of the laser output, the second random phase generation unit serves as the middle arm of the laser output, and the third random phase generation unit serves as the lower arm of the laser output;

[0076] The coherent detector detects the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by two random phase generation units to obtain a phase difference, so as to generate random numbers according to the phase difference, including:

[0077] Performing the first sampling before the middle arm is turned off and when the lower arm is just stably established to obtain the phase difference between the middle arm and the lower arm, and obtaining the first random number;

[0078] Performing the second sampling before the lower arm is turned off and when the upper arm is just stably established to obtain the phase difference between the lower arm and the upper arm, and obtaining the second random number;

[0079] Performing the third sampling before the upper arm is turned off and when the middle arm is just stably established to obtain the phase difference between the lower arm and the upper arm, and obtaining the third random number; and so on in a cycle to obtain multiple random numbers.

[0080] When the present invention selects a quantum random number generator with a random phase generation unit having three or more paths, cyclic operation is used for sampling. Compared with a quantum random number generator with a two-path random phase generation unit, the sampling waiting time can be saved, and the sampling rate can be increased.

[0081] Example 3:

[0082] Based on Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention, a specific application scenario is further proposed: for two places A and B where a coherent optical communication system has been deployed, quantum random numbers can be conveniently obtained without additional resources in the manner as Figure 10 shown.

[0083] As Figure 10 shown, A and B are interconnected by coherent optical communication, and local coherent optical transceiver devices are already available at both places. At this time, the two terminals first align the optical frequencies, and then use the method of Figure 4 or Figure 5 to perform the random number acquisition operation. Preferably, a switch is used locally at the receiving end. For example, if random numbers need to be prepared at end A, then keep end B always on, and locally adjust the switch of the single-frequency laser at end A to obtain random numbers. In this way, the operation has stronger stability and higher code rate. It should be noted that since A and B are interconnected by coherent optical communication, it is already implied that the distance between the two is less than the coherence length of the light source, ensuring the normal implementation of this solution. Similarly, a remote deployment can also be achieved based on the Figure 8 scheme, or the Figure 10 scheme can be deployed at two places where encrypted communication needs to be realized.

[0084] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantum random number generator based on random phase, characterized in that It includes at least two random phase generating units and a coherent detector. At least two of the random phase generating units are respectively connected to the coherent detector. Each random phase generating unit includes a switch. The switch is turned on in a preset order to trigger the corresponding random phase generating unit to generate an optical signal with a resonant random phase. The timing of turning on two switches needs to meet the requirement that after the steady state of one random phase generating unit is established, the other random phase generating unit has not been turned off yet. The coherent detector is used to detect the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by two random phase generating units to obtain a phase difference, so as to generate a random number based on the phase difference.

2. The quantum random number generator based on random phase according to claim 1, wherein The quantum random number generator specifically includes a first random phase generating unit and a second random phase generating unit. The quantum random number generator includes a pump laser, a beam splitter, a first switch, a second switch, a first single-frequency fiber laser resonator, and a second single-frequency fiber laser resonator. The output end of the pump laser is connected to the input end of the beam splitter. One output end of the beam splitter is connected to the input end of the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator through the first switch. The output end of the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator is connected to one input end of the coherent detector. The other output end of the beam splitter is connected to the input end of the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator through the second switch. The output end of the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator is connected to the other input end of the coherent detector. Among them, the pump laser, the beam splitter, the first switch, and the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator constitute the first random phase generating unit. The pump laser, the beam splitter, the second switch, and the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator constitute the second random phase generating unit.

3. The quantum random number generator based on random phase according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quantum random number generator specifically includes a first random phase generating unit and a second random phase generating unit. The quantum random number generator includes a first pump laser, a second pump laser, a first switch, a second switch, a first single-frequency fiber laser resonator, and a second single-frequency fiber laser resonator. The first pump laser, the first switch, and the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator are connected in sequence to form the first random phase generating unit. Among them, the first single-frequency fiber laser resonator is connected to the coherent detector. The second pump laser, the second switch, and the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator are connected in sequence to form the second random phase generating unit. Among them, the second single-frequency fiber laser resonator is connected to the coherent detector.

4. The quantum random number generator based on random phase according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that The channel length between the coherent detector and the corresponding single-frequency fiber laser resonator is less than the coherence length of the corresponding random phase generating unit.

5. The quantum random number generator based on random phase according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quantum random number generator specifically includes a first random phase generating unit and a second random phase generating unit. The first random phase generating unit includes a first single-frequency semiconductor laser and a first current regulator. The first current regulator is connected to the first single-frequency semiconductor laser. The first single-frequency semiconductor laser is connected to the coherent detector. The second random phase generation unit includes a second single-frequency semiconductor laser and a second current regulator, the second current regulator is connected to the second single-frequency semiconductor laser, and the second single-frequency semiconductor laser is connected to the coherent detector; Wherein, the first current regulator and the second current regulator respectively serve as switches in the corresponding random phase generation units.

6. The quantum random number generator based on random phase according to claim 1, wherein The quantum random number generator includes a first random phase generation unit, a second random phase generation unit, and a third random phase generation unit. The first random phase generation unit includes a first switch, the second random phase generation unit includes a second switch, the third random phase generation unit includes a third switch, and the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch are alternately turned on; The coherent detector is used to detect the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by the first random phase generation unit and the second random phase generation unit, or to detect the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by the first random phase generation unit and the third random phase generation unit, or to detect the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by the second random phase generation unit and the third random phase generation unit, so as to improve the efficiency of random number generation.

7. A method for generating quantum random numbers based on random phase, characterized in that, The generation method is applied to the random-phase-based quantum random number generator according to any one of claims 1-6. The generation method includes: Turn on the corresponding switches in a preset order to trigger the corresponding random phase generation units to generate optical signals with resonant random phases. After the stable state of one random phase generation unit is established, another random phase generation unit has not been turned off; The coherent detector detects the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by two random phase generation units in pairs to obtain a phase difference, so as to generate random numbers according to the phase difference.

8. The method for generating quantum random numbers based on random phases according to claim 7, characterized in that, Turning on the corresponding switches in a preset order to trigger the corresponding random phase generation units to generate optical signals with resonant random phases includes: Turn on all the switches in the random phase generation units simultaneously; or, Within a preset time, keep the switch of one random phase generation unit in the on state and intermittently turn on the switches of other random phase generation units; or, Alternately turn on all the switches in the random phase generation units so that after the stable state of one random phase generation unit is established, another random phase generation unit has not been turned off.

9. The method for generating quantum random numbers based on random phases according to claim 8, wherein The quantum random number generator includes a first random phase generation unit, a second random phase generation unit, and a third random phase generation unit. The first random phase generation unit includes a first switch, the second random phase generation unit includes a second switch, and the third random phase generation unit includes a third switch; The alternately turning on all the switches in the random phase generation units so that after the stable state of one random phase generation unit is established, another random phase generation unit has not been turned off specifically includes: Set the switch cycles of the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch to control each switch to be turned on or off cyclically according to the given switch cycles; First, turn on the second switch, and turn on the third switch before the turn-off signal of the first switching cycle of the second switch arrives. Turn on the first switch before the turn-off signal of the first switching cycle of the third switch arrives to stagger the switching cycles of each switch.

10. The method for generating quantum random numbers based on random phase according to claim 9, wherein The first random phase generation unit serves as the upper arm of the laser output, the second random phase generation unit serves as the middle arm of the laser output, and the third random phase generation unit serves as the lower arm of the laser output. The coherent detector detects the difference between the resonant random phases of the optical signals generated by two random phase generation units to obtain a phase difference. The steps for generating random numbers based on the phase difference include: Perform the first sampling before the middle arm is turned off and when the lower arm is just stably established to obtain the phase difference between the middle arm and the lower arm, and obtain the first random number. Perform the second sampling before the lower arm is turned off and when the upper arm is just stably established to obtain the phase difference between the lower arm and the upper arm, and obtain the second random number. Perform the third sampling before the upper arm is turned off and when the middle arm is just stably established to obtain the phase difference between the lower arm and the upper arm, and obtain the third random number. Repeat this process to obtain multiple random numbers.

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