Prefabricated Component, Waterproof and Thermal Insulation Structure and Construction Method of Prefabricated Building

Abstract

The present invention discloses a prefabricated component, a waterproof and heat-insulating structure and a construction method for an assembled building. The prefabricated component for the assembled building comprises a prefabricated wall body and a diversion cover. The prefabricated wall body comprises an upper beam body and a lower beam body. A heat-insulating board layer is arranged between the upper beam body and the lower beam body. Inner and outer reinforced concrete layers are arranged on both sides of the heat-insulating board layer. A first heat-insulating filling area and a second heat-insulating filling area are formed in the inner reinforced concrete layer. Upper and lower steps are formed at both ends of the outer reinforced concrete layer. A positioning groove is formed on the outer surface of the outer reinforced concrete layer. A strip is arranged in the upper region of the inner surface of the diversion cover, and a plurality of air guide grooves are arranged in the lower region. By utilizing the unique structure of the prefabricated wall body and the pre-assembled diversion cover, the external waterproofing at the joint can be naturally realized after the upper and lower wall bodies are assembled and butted, greatly reducing the workload during on-site construction. The construction is safe, simple and fast, greatly shortening the construction period of the assembled building.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of assembled buildings, and in particular relates to an assembled building prefabricated component, a waterproof and heat-insulating structure and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Prefabricated building technology is an emerging green, environmentally friendly and energy-saving building technology that uses prefabricated concrete structures as the main components and is assembled and connected. Prefabricated building components include single or integrated prefabricated components such as structural columns, beams, and wall panels. Prefabricated buildings are mostly a combination of prefabricated components. Among them, prefabricated exterior wall panels have good surface flatness and high overall precision. At the same time, the exterior windows of the building and the insulation and decorative layers of the facade can be prefabricated directly in the factory, and are currently widely used.

[0003] Since prefabricated exterior walls are assembled in blocks, there are a large number of joints. The waterproofing and energy-saving insulation of the joints between the upper and lower wall panels become the key factors affecting the quality of prefabricated building walls. At present, there are mainly the following methods for waterproofing the joints of prefabricated exterior wall panels:

[0004] (1) Cavity waterproofing of prefabricated exterior wall panels cast in-house and hung on the outside: Prefabricated exterior wall panels cast in-house and hung on the outside mainly use the outer drainage cavity and glue application, and the inner side relies on the self-waterproofing of the cast-in-place concrete joints. This type of exterior wall panel joint waterproofing is currently the most widely used form. Its advantages are that the construction is relatively simple and fast, but its disadvantages are that the waterproofing quality is difficult to control, and cavity blockage occurs from time to time. Once the inner concrete cracks, it will directly lead to the failure of wall panel waterproofing.

[0005] (2) Closed-line waterproofing of external prefabricated exterior wall panels: The outermost side uses highly elastic weather-resistant waterproof silicone, the middle part is a decompression space formed by a physical cavity, and the inner side uses waterproof rubber strips pre-embedded in concrete to press each other up and down to achieve a waterproof effect. At the cross joints between the walls, a polyurethane waterproofing is added outside the rubber waterstop. Its main function is to use the good elasticity of polyurethane to seal the tiny gaps that may be caused by the mutual displacement of the rubber waterstop. For rooms or buildings with particularly high waterproofing requirements, polyurethane waterproofing can be fully constructed on the inside of the rubber waterstop to enhance the reliability of waterproofing. A drainage pipe is set on the waterproof silicone of the exterior wall every 3 floors or so, which can effectively guide rainwater that penetrates into the decompression space to the outside. The waterproof structure of the closed-line waterproofing adopts a combination of three internal and external waterproofing and dredging and blocking methods. Its waterproof structure is very complete, so the waterproof effect is also very good. The disadvantage is that the precision requirements during construction are very high, and the wall panel misalignment cannot be greater than 5mm, otherwise the water-stop rubber strip cannot be pressed tightly. The performance requirements of the weather-resistant waterproof glue used are relatively high. It must not only have high elasticity and aging resistance, but also have a service life of not less than 20 years. The cost is relatively high, and the quality requirements during the construction of the structural glue are relatively high. It must be operated by a professional and experienced construction team.

[0006] (3) Open-line waterproofing of external prefabricated exterior wall panels: This type of waterproofing is basically the same as the closed-line waterproofing in that the two waterproofing measures on the inside are the tongue-and-groove type decompression space and the inner compression type waterproof rubber strip. However, for the waterproofing measures on the outside of the wall panel, the open-line waterproofing does not use glue, but instead uses a curtain-like rubber strip with one end embedded in the wall panel and the other end extending out of the wall panel, which overlaps each other up and down to achieve a waterproof effect. At the same time, stainless steel air guide grooves are set at a certain distance on the outer rubber strips to balance the internal and external air pressure and drain water.

[0007] The open-line waterproofing form uses pre-buried rubber strips for the outermost waterproofing, and the product quality is easier to control and inspect. During construction, workers do not need to apply glue to the outside of the wall panel, eliminating construction measures such as scaffolding or hanging baskets, which is safer and simpler. The disadvantage is that it has high requirements for product protection. Once the pre-buried rubber strip is damaged, it is difficult to replace, and the cost of weather-resistant rubber waterstop strips is also relatively high.

[0008] (4) After the prefabricated exterior walls are assembled and connected, the steel structure columns and steel structure beams in the prefabricated exterior walls are prone to form cold bridges with the outside world, resulting in indoor energy leakage, which is not conducive to building energy conservation.

[0009] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the exterior wall form and waterproof and thermal insulation structure of existing prefabricated components of assembled buildings. Summary of the invention

[0010] To solve the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated component for an assembled building that is convenient for waterproofing and thermal insulation construction, has easier construction quality control, and can effectively achieve waterproofing and thermal insulation at the joints of wall panels.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0012] A prefabricated component for an assembled building, comprising:

[0013] A prefabricated wall, the prefabricated wall includes an upper beam body and a lower beam body, a thermal insulation board layer is arranged between the upper beam body and the lower beam body, and an inner reinforced concrete layer and an outer reinforced concrete layer are respectively arranged on the inner and outer sides of the thermal insulation board layer; the upper end surface of the inner reinforced concrete layer is lower than the upper end surface of the upper beam body to form a first thermal insulation filling area, and the lower end surface of the inner reinforced concrete layer is higher than the lower end surface of the lower beam body to form a second thermal insulation filling area; the upper end of the outer reinforced concrete layer is higher than the upper beam body and forms an upper step with a higher inner side and a lower outer side, a floor assembly area is formed between the upper beam body and the upper step, the lower end of the outer reinforced concrete layer is lower than the lower beam body and forms a lower step that matches the upper step; a positioning groove is formed on the outer surface of the outer reinforced concrete layer near the lower end.

[0014] A flow guide cover, a strip that can be embedded in the positioning groove is convexly arranged in the upper region of the inner surface of the flow guide cover, and a plurality of air guide grooves are concavely arranged in the lower region of the inner surface of the flow guide cover; after the flow guide cover covers the outer lower end of the outer reinforced concrete layer, the air guide grooves are communicated with the joint formed after the assembly of the upper and lower prefabricated walls.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the flow guide cover is made of a weather-resistant rubber material.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, a decorative surface layer is arranged on the outer surface of the flow guide cover.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, two positioning grooves are formed on the outer surface of the outer reinforced concrete layer near the lower end, and two strips are convexly arranged in the upper region of the inner surface of the flow guide cover.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the upper step or the lower step includes an outer lower plane, a middle inclined plane, and an inner upper plane.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, the width of the upper beam body is greater than the width of the lower beam body.

[0020] The present invention also provides a waterproof and thermal insulation structure for prefabricated components of prefabricated buildings, including a lower prefabricated wall, an upper prefabricated wall, and a prefabricated floor slab. The prefabricated floor slab is assembled on the upper beam of the lower prefabricated wall. An assembly gap is formed between the prefabricated floor slab and the upper step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower prefabricated wall. The lower step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper prefabricated wall fits with the upper step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower prefabricated wall, and a joint is formed between the upper step and the lower step. Thermal insulation materials are filled in the assembly gap, the first thermal insulation filling area, and the second thermal insulation filling area respectively.

[0021] A flow guide cover is assembled at the outer lower end of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper prefabricated wall. A plurality of air guide grooves are concavely arranged in the lower region of the inner surface of the flow guide cover, and the air guide grooves communicate with the joint formed between the upper step and the lower step.

[0022] The construction method of the above waterproof and thermal insulation structure includes the following steps:

[0023] S1. Before hoisting construction, pre-assemble the flow guide cover on the upper prefabricated wall for standby.

[0024] S2. After positioning the lower prefabricated wall in construction, hoist the prefabricated floor slab, lap the two ends of the prefabricated floor slab on the upper beam of the lower prefabricated wall respectively, adjust the assembly gap between the prefabricated floor slab and the upper step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower prefabricated wall. After fixing the prefabricated floor slab to the upper beam of the lower prefabricated wall, fill thermal insulation materials into the assembly gap.

[0025] S3. Fill thermal insulation materials into the first thermal insulation filling area of the inner reinforced concrete layer of the lower prefabricated wall.

[0026] S4. Hoist the upper prefabricated wall, make the lower step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper prefabricated wall fit with the upper step of the corresponding outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower prefabricated wall to form a joint. At this time, the lower beam of the upper prefabricated wall presses on the prefabricated floor slab. After correcting the upper prefabricated wall and fixing it to the lower prefabricated wall, fill thermal insulation materials into the second thermal insulation filling area of the inner reinforced concrete layer of the upper prefabricated wall.

[0027] Meanwhile, since a flow guide cover is pre-assembled at the outer lower end of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper prefabricated wall, and a plurality of air guide grooves are concavely arranged in the lower region of the inner surface of the flow guide cover. After the lower step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper prefabricated wall fits with the upper step of the corresponding outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower prefabricated wall, the flow guide cover naturally covers the joint formed between the upper step and the lower step, and the air guide grooves communicate with the joint to form a decompression cavity. The inner side of the flow guide cover closely adheres to the wall and the joint, thus forming an external wall waterproof structure.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) By utilizing the unique structure of the prefabricated wall and the air deflector pre-assembled on the prefabricated wall, the upper and lower walls can be assembled and connected to each other to naturally achieve external waterproofing at the joints. The external air deflector is not limited by the wall assembly accuracy, and the misalignment of the wall panels can also ensure the waterproofing quality. It also greatly reduces the workload during on-site construction. There is no need to press rubber water stop strips into the wall joints on site, and workers do not need to apply glue on the outside of the wall panels, eliminating the need for scaffolding or hanging baskets and other construction measures. Compared with the existing prefabricated building wall waterproofing methods, the construction is safer, simpler, and faster, which can greatly shorten the construction period of prefabricated buildings.

[0030] (2) A plurality of air guide grooves are concavely arranged in the lower area of the inner surface of the air guide cover. When the lower step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper prefabricated wall matches the upper step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the corresponding lower prefabricated wall, the air guide cover is naturally arranged at the Z-shaped joint formed between the upper step and the lower step, and the air guide groove is connected with the joint to form a decompression cavity. The inner side of the air guide cover is in close contact with the wall and the lower end of the joint, thereby forming an external waterproof structure of the wall. When the outer wall encounters water flow, the water flow is blocked by the embedded strips of the air guide cover and rarely reaches the joint formed between the upper step and the lower step. Since the joint is a Z-shaped structure with high inside and low outside, even if the water seeps into the joint, it will be naturally discharged in time by the air guide groove connected with the joint, and the waterproof effect is good.

[0031] (3) The prefabricated wall includes an upper beam and a lower beam, an insulation board layer is arranged between the upper beam and the lower beam, and an inner reinforced concrete layer and an outer reinforced concrete layer are arranged on the inner and outer sides of the insulation board layer respectively; the upper end surface of the inner reinforced concrete layer is lower than the upper end surface of the upper beam to form a first insulation filling area, and the lower end surface of the inner reinforced concrete layer is higher than the lower end surface of the lower beam to form a second insulation filling area; the upper end of the outer reinforced concrete layer is higher than the upper beam and forms an upper step with an inner high and an outer low, a floor assembly area is formed between the upper beam and the upper step, and the outer reinforced concrete layer is provided with a plurality of layers of reinforced concrete. The lower end is lower than the lower beam and forms a lower step that matches the upper step; the prefabricated wall structure is cleverly designed, and the assembly construction is fast and convenient. The prefabricated floor slab is assembled on the upper beam of the lower prefabricated wall through the floor slab assembly area. An assembly gap is formed between the prefabricated floor slab and the upper step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower prefabricated wall. After the assembly gap, the first insulation filling area and the second insulation filling area are respectively filled with insulation materials, the cold bridge effect formed at the joints and the steel structure beams can be effectively blocked through the three insulation nodes, thereby effectively avoiding heat loss in the steel structure building, and achieving good energy-saving and insulation effects.

[0032] (4) The construction method is safe and simple, and the construction quality is easier to control and inspect. Compared with the traditional waterproof form of pressing a rubber water stop strip inside the wall joint, the external flow deflector of the present invention is easier to replace after being damaged. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Among them:

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a precast wall in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 is a front view structural schematic of the flow deflector in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a sectional structural view taken along the line A-A in ;

[0037] Figure 4 is a sectional structural view of another flow deflector in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the waterproof and heat insulation structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 is a reference view of the state after the upper precast wall is pre-assembled with the flow deflector;

[0040] Figure 7 is a reference view of the state after the lower precast wall is positioned for construction;

[0041] Figure 8 is a reference view of the state where the precast floor slab is lapped on the lower precast wall;

[0042] Figure 9 is a reference view of the state after filling the heat insulation material into the assembly gap between the precast floor slab and the lower precast wall and the first heat insulation filling area;

[0043] Figure 10 is a reference view of the state after the upper precast wall and the lower precast wall are assembled. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0044] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. In the following detailed description, only some exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described by way of illustration. It is understood that those of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that various modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and the description are illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims.

[0045] AsFigures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, a prefabricated component of an assembled building includes a precast wall 10 and a fairing 20;

[0046] Among them, referring to Figure 1 , the precast wall 10 includes an upper beam body 11 and a lower beam body 12. Both the upper beam body 11 and the lower beam body 12 are steel beams. A heat preservation board layer 13 is arranged between the upper beam body 11 and the lower beam body 12. Inner and outer steel reinforced concrete layers 14 and 15 are respectively arranged on the inner and outer sides of the heat preservation board layer 13. The upper end face of the inner steel reinforced concrete layer 14 is lower than the upper end face of the upper beam body 11 to form a first heat preservation filling area 141, and the lower end face of the inner steel reinforced concrete layer 14 is higher than the lower end face of the lower beam body 12 to form a second heat preservation filling area 142. The upper end of the outer steel reinforced concrete layer 15 is higher than the upper beam body 11 and forms an upper step 151 with an inner high and outer low structure. A floor assembly area 302 is formed between the upper beam body 11 and the upper step 151 to facilitate the assembly and fixation of the floor. The lower end of the outer steel reinforced concrete layer 15 is lower than the lower beam body 12 and forms a lower step 152 that cooperates with the upper step 151. The upper step 151 and the lower step 152 respectively include an outer lower plane, an intermediate inclined plane, and an inner high plane. The width of the upper beam body 11 is greater than the width of the lower beam body 12. The above structure facilitates the formation of a surrounding heat preservation structure during construction.

[0047] Two positioning grooves 153 are formed on the outer surface of the outer steel reinforced concrete layer 15 near the lower end; referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , two embedding strips 21 that can be embedded into the positioning grooves 153 are convexly arranged in the upper region of the inner surface of the fairing 20. The embedding strips 21 play both a fixing role and a water blocking role. A plurality of air guiding grooves 22 are concavely arranged in the lower region of the inner surface of the fairing 20. After the fairing 20 is covered on the outer lower end of the outer steel reinforced concrete layer 15, the air guiding grooves 22 are communicated with the joint formed after the assembly of the upper and lower precast walls. The fairing 20 is preferably made of weather-resistant rubber material; of course, referring to Figure 4 , a decorative surface layer 23 can be arranged on the outer surface of the fairing 20.

[0048] Referring to Figure 5, using the waterproof and thermal insulation structure of the prefabricated components of the prefabricated building described above, including the lower precast wall 101, the upper precast wall 102 and the precast floor slab 30. The lower precast wall and the upper precast wall have the same structure as the precast wall described above and are prefabricated in the factory. The terms "lower layer" and "upper layer" are for the convenience of description and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. The precast floor slab 30 is assembled on the upper beam body 11 of the lower precast wall 101, and an assembly gap 301 is formed between the precast floor slab 30 and the upper step 151 of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower precast wall 101. After the lower step 152 of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper precast wall 102 fits with the upper step 151 of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower precast wall 101, a Z-shaped joint 153 with a higher inner side and a lower outer side is formed between the upper step 151 and the lower step 152. The upper end of the lower precast wall 101 has a first thermal insulation filling area 141, and the lower end of the upper precast wall 102 has a second thermal insulation filling area 142. Thermal insulation materials are filled in the assembly gap 301, the first thermal insulation filling area 141 and the second thermal insulation filling area 142 respectively.

[0049] A diversion cover 20 is assembled on the lower outer side of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper precast wall 102. A plurality of air guide grooves 22 are concavely arranged in the lower region of the inner surface of the diversion cover 20, and the air guide grooves 22 communicate with the joint 153 formed between the upper step 151 and the lower step 152.

[0050] Reference Figures 6 to 10 , the construction method of the above waterproof and thermal insulation structure includes the following steps:

[0051] S1. Before the hoisting construction, the diversion cover 20 is pre-assembled on the upper precast wall 102 and reserved for later use (reference Figure 6 );

[0052] S2. After the lower precast wall 101 is positioned for construction (reference Figure 7 ), the precast floor slab 30 is hoisted. The two ends of the precast floor slab 30 are respectively lapped on the upper beam body 11 of the lower precast wall 101. The assembly gap 301 between the precast floor slab 30 and the upper step 151 of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower precast wall 101 is adjusted. After the precast floor slab 30 is fixed to the upper beam body of the lower precast wall 101, thermal insulation materials are filled into the assembly gap 301 (reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 );

[0053] S3. Thermal insulation materials are filled into the first thermal insulation filling area 141 of the inner reinforced concrete layer of the lower precast wall 101 (reference Figure 9 );

[0054] S4. Reference Figure 10, hoist the upper precast wall 102, and fit the lower step 152 of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper precast wall 102 with the upper step 151 of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the corresponding lower precast wall 101 to form a joint 153. At this time, the lower beam 12 of the upper precast wall 102 is pressed on the precast floor slab 30. After correcting the upper precast wall 102 and fixing it with the lower precast wall 101, fill the second thermal insulation filling area 142 of the inner reinforced concrete layer of the upper precast wall 102 with thermal insulation materials; after filling the assembly gap 301, the first thermal insulation filling area 141 and the second thermal insulation filling area 142 with thermal insulation materials respectively, a surrounding three-place thermal insulation node structure is formed, which can effectively block the cold bridge effect formed by the joint and the steel structure beam, so that the heat loss of the steel structure building can be effectively avoided, and the energy-saving and heat-insulating effect is good;

[0055] Meanwhile, since a flow guide cover 20 is pre-assembled at the outer lower end of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper precast wall 102, and a plurality of air guide grooves 22 are concavely arranged in the lower region of the inner surface of the flow guide cover 20. After the lower step 152 of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper precast wall 102 is fitted with the upper step 151 of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the corresponding lower precast wall 101, the flow guide cover 20 naturally covers the joint 153 formed between the upper step and the lower step, and the air guide grooves 22 are communicated with the joint 153 to form a decompression cavity, and the inner side of the flow guide cover 20 is closely attached to the wall and the joint to form an external wall waterproof structure. When the outer wall encounters water flow, the water flow is blocked by the strip 21 of the flow guide cover 20, and very little water will reach the joint 153 formed between the upper step 151 and the lower step 152. Since the joint 153 is in a Z-shaped structure with the inner side higher than the outer side, even the water seeping into the joint will be naturally drained in time through the air guide grooves 22 communicated with the joint 153, and the waterproof effect is good.

[0056] The present invention utilizes the unique structure of the precast wall and the flow guide cover pre-assembled on the precast wall, and can naturally achieve the external waterproofing of the joint after the upper and lower two-layer walls are assembled and butt-jointed. The external flow guide cover is not only not restricted by the assembly accuracy of the wall, and the misalignment of the wall panels can also ensure the waterproof quality, but also greatly reduces the workload during on-site construction. There is no need to press a rubber water stop strip into the wall joint on-site, and the workers do not need to apply sealant on the outer side of the wall panel, eliminating construction measures such as scaffolding or hanging baskets. Compared with the existing waterproofing methods for prefabricated building walls, the construction is safer, simpler, faster, and can greatly shorten the construction period of prefabricated buildings.

[0057] The precast wall structure is ingeniously designed, and the assembly construction is fast and convenient. The precast floor slab is assembled on the upper beam of the lower precast wall through the floor slab assembly area. An assembly gap is formed between the precast floor slab and the upper step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower precast wall. After the assembly gap, the first thermal insulation filling area, and the second thermal insulation filling area are filled with thermal insulation materials respectively, the cold bridge effect formed by the joint and the steel structure beam can be effectively blocked through the three surrounding thermal insulation nodes, so that the heat loss of the steel structure building can be effectively avoided, and the energy-saving and thermal insulation effect is good.

[0058] This construction method is safe and simple, and the construction quality is easier to control and inspect. Compared with the waterproof form of pressing a rubber water stop strip in the joint between the external flow guide cover and the wall, it is convenient to replace after being damaged.

[0059] The above are only the schematic specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Waterproof and thermal insulation structure for precast components of prefabricated buildings, characterized in that: The precast components of the prefabricated building include a precast wall and a flow guide cover; the precast wall includes an upper beam body and a lower beam body, a thermal insulation board layer is arranged between the upper beam body and the lower beam body, and an inner reinforced concrete layer and an outer reinforced concrete layer are respectively arranged on the inner and outer sides of the thermal insulation board layer; the upper end surface of the inner reinforced concrete layer is lower than the upper end surface of the upper beam body to form a first thermal insulation filling area, and the lower end surface of the inner reinforced concrete layer is higher than the lower end surface of the lower beam body to form a second thermal insulation filling area; the upper end of the outer reinforced concrete layer is higher than the upper beam body and forms an upper step with the inner side high and the outer side low, a floor slab assembly area is formed between the upper beam body and the upper step, and the lower end of the outer reinforced concrete layer is lower than the lower beam body and forms a lower step matching with the upper step; a positioning groove is formed on the outer surface of the outer reinforced concrete layer near the lower end; a strip that can be embedded into the positioning groove is convexly arranged in the upper region of the inner surface of the flow guide cover. The waterproof and thermal insulation structure includes a lower precast wall, an upper precast wall and a precast floor slab. The precast floor slab is assembled on the upper beam body of the lower precast wall. An assembly gap is formed between the precast floor slab and the upper step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower precast wall. The lower step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper precast wall fits with the upper step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower precast wall, and a joint is formed between the upper step and the lower step; thermal insulation materials are respectively filled in the assembly gap, the first thermal insulation filling area and the second thermal insulation filling area; a flow guide cover is assembled at the lower outer end of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper precast wall, and a plurality of air guide grooves are concavely arranged in the lower region of the inner surface of the flow guide cover, and the air guide grooves communicate with the joint formed between the upper step and the lower step.

2. The waterproof and heat-insulating structure according to claim 1, wherein: The flow guide cover is made of weather-resistant rubber material.

3. The waterproof and heat-insulating structure according to claim 2, wherein: A decorative surface layer is arranged on the outer surface of the flow guide cover.

4. The waterproof and heat-insulating structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two positioning grooves are formed on the outer surface of the outer reinforced concrete layer near the lower end, and two strips are convexly arranged in the upper region of the inner surface of the flow guide cover.

5. The waterproof and heat-insulating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper step or the lower step includes an outer low plane, a middle inclined plane and an inner high plane.

6. The waterproof and heat-insulating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the upper beam body is greater than the width of the lower beam body.

7. The construction method of the waterproof and heat-insulating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Before hoisting construction, pre-assemble the flow guide cover on the upper precast wall and set it aside for later use. S2. After positioning the construction of the lower precast wall, hoist the precast floor slab, lap the two ends of the precast floor slab on the upper beam body of the lower precast wall respectively, adjust the assembly gap between the precast floor slab and the upper step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the lower precast wall, and after fixing the precast floor slab and the upper beam body of the lower precast wall, fill thermal insulation materials into the assembly gap. S3. Fill thermal insulation materials into the first thermal insulation filling area of the inner reinforced concrete layer of the lower precast wall. S4. Hoist the upper precast wall body, and make the lower step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper precast wall body fit with the upper step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the corresponding lower precast wall body to form a joint. At this time, the lower beam body of the upper precast wall body is pressed on the precast floor slab. After correcting the upper precast wall body and fixing it with the lower precast wall body, fill the second thermal insulation filling area of the inner reinforced concrete layer of the upper precast wall body with thermal insulation materials; Meanwhile, since a flow guide cover is pre-assembled at the lower outer side of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper precast wall body, and a plurality of air guide grooves are recessed in the lower region of the inner surface of the flow guide cover. After the lower step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the upper precast wall body fits with the upper step of the outer reinforced concrete layer of the corresponding lower precast wall body, the flow guide cover naturally covers the joint formed between the upper step and the lower step, and the air guide grooves are communicated with the joint to form a decompression cavity. The inner side of the flow guide cover closely adheres to the wall body and the joint, thereby forming an external wall waterproof structure.

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