Processing technology of new heavy load high-precision small-tooth difference reducer

Abstract

A novel machining process for a heavy-duty, high-precision reducer with low tooth difference is disclosed. The process includes: an eccentric shaft and two eccentric wheels integrally formed, with the eccentric phase of the two eccentric wheels being 180°; two separate internal gears, with backlash eliminated by adjusting the installation phase angle of the two internal gears; the teeth of the external and internal gears are double-circular-arc tooth profiles, with the pressure angle α of the double-circular-arc tooth profile ranging from 10° to 25°, the eccentric wheel deformation coefficient b ranging from 0.3 to 0.7, and the tooth addendum coefficient a ranging from 0.1 to 0.5; the bearing holes, pin shaft inner holes, and tooth portions of the two external gears are integrally machined. This machining process uses two separate internal gears, eliminates backlash by adjusting the installation phase angle, and simultaneously controls the pressure angle, eccentric wheel deformation coefficient, tooth addendum coefficient, and tooth dedendum coefficient to create internal and external gears with double-circular-arc tooth profiles. This results in a reducer with a large number of meshing teeth and a large meshing surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of speed reducer technology, and in particular to a new type of heavy-duty, high-precision speed reducer with low tooth difference. Background Technology

[0002] Gear reducers are the most basic mechanical components in the fields of engineering machinery and intelligent manufacturing, and high-end gear reducers are a major component of high-end equipment and high-end manufacturing.

[0003] The low-tooth-difference reducer is a new type of reducer. It is currently produced domestically and is gaining increasing popularity. Common low-tooth-difference reducers on the market include cycloidal pinwheel reducers, harmonic reducers, and involute low-tooth-difference reducers, which are frequently used in mining, metallurgy, chemical, textile, hoisting and transportation, and robotics and automation fields. However, due to deficiencies in design, processing, and materials, the localization process of this type of low-tooth-difference reducer is still somewhat constrained, remaining in a "bottleneck" state. Currently, there are also reducers using eccentric wheels and internal / external gear meshing, such as the patent application number 201110148101.X entitled "Eccentric Oscillating Reducer," which discloses an eccentric oscillating reducer. This reducer has an eccentrically oscillating external gear, an internal gear with a very small tooth difference from the external gear's external teeth and meshing with the external gear, and a flange disposed on the axial side of the external gear. Although this type of reducer has many advantages in terms of processing difficulty and stability, it still has certain shortcomings due to the influence of the processing technology.

[0004] 1. Backlash is a crucial performance indicator for the stability of a speed reducer. Existing speed reducers often have poor adjustability of their internal and external gears, making it difficult to effectively eliminate backlash. In precision speed reducer manufacturing, backlash elimination is primarily achieved through precise machining of the internal and external gears. To ensure the backlash meets requirements, the internal and external gears must be pre-paired. However, due to inherent errors in machining equipment, eliminating backlash through gear pairing often relies on parameterized matching after grouping products offline. If the backlash is too large, the external gear spacing is increased or the internal gear spacing is decreased; if the backlash is too small, the external gear spacing is decreased or the internal gear spacing is increased. This significantly increases production, testing, and management costs and easily leads to machining errors. Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the pairing of internal and external gears. Figure 1 In the diagram, 1' is the external gear and 2' is the internal gear;

[0005] 2. The low-tooth-difference reducer uses a central eccentric shaft as the excitation element to induce eccentric motion in the external gear. Ultimately, the external gear meshes with the internal gear. The relative motion trajectory between the internal and external gears is determined by the tooth profiles of the internal and external gears and the eccentricity of the eccentric shaft. The machining process of the internal and external gears in existing reducers uses traditional methods, which lack scientific analysis of the pressure angle of the gear teeth, the deformation coefficient of the eccentric wheel, the addendum coefficient, and the dedendum coefficient. The resulting gear teeth have ordinary tooth profiles, which leads to insufficient meshing of the internal and external gears. At the same time, the number of meshing gears is small, thus affecting the accuracy and stability of the reducer. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and provide a new type of machining process for heavy-duty high-precision reducers with small tooth difference. This machining process uses two split internal gears. By adjusting the installation phase angle of the two internal gears, the product backlash is eliminated. At the same time, by controlling the pressure angle of the gear teeth, the deformation coefficient of the eccentric wheel, the tooth tip height coefficient, and the tooth root height coefficient, internal and external gears with double circular arc tooth profiles are made. This results in a reducer with a large number of meshing teeth, a large meshing surface, a large load capacity, and high precision.

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] This invention discloses a novel heavy-duty high-precision reducer with a small tooth difference. The reducer includes a flange and an eccentric shaft at the input end, two eccentric wheels on the eccentric shaft, two eccentric wheel sleeves on the two eccentric wheels, two eccentric external gears outside the two eccentric wheel sleeves, an internal gear outside the two eccentric external gears, an output disc, and a housing. The eccentric shaft sequentially drives the eccentric wheels, eccentric wheel sleeves, and eccentric external gears to rotate eccentrically. Due to the limitation of the internal gear, the movement of the eccentric external gear includes rotation around the external internal gear and rotation of the eccentric external gear itself. The internal gear and eccentric external gear are designed with a small tooth difference, and the internal gear has one more tooth than the eccentric external gear. When the eccentric shaft, eccentric wheels, and eccentric wheel sleeves rotate one revolution, the rotation of the eccentric external gear is one tooth in the opposite direction, thereby achieving speed reduction.

[0009] As an improvement, the processing technology of the reducer includes: the eccentric shaft and the two eccentric wheels are integrally formed, and the eccentric phase of the two eccentric wheels is 180°;

[0010] As an improvement, the processing technology of the reducer includes: the internal gear is two separate sub-internal gears. The product backlash can be eliminated by adjusting the installation phase angle of the two sub-internal gears. The two eccentric wheels drive the external gears to make eccentric movements. The phase difference of the eccentric wheels is 180 degrees. The two pairs of internal and external gears are independent of each other. The external gears are driven by the eccentric wheels, so the phase difference is 180 degrees. The two sub-internal gears independently mesh with the corresponding external gears. Adjusting the phase angle between the internal gears can eliminate the meshing tooth backlash between the internal and external gears during the movement. That is, the phase angle is adjusted by the relative rotation of the two sub-internal gears. When the meshing tooth backlash between the internal and external gears is the smallest, the two sub-internal gears are fixed, and zero backlash can be achieved.

[0011] As an improvement, the processing technology of the reducer includes: the teeth of the eccentric external gear and internal gear are double circular arc teeth, the pressure angle α of the double circular arc teeth is 10°-25°, the deformation coefficient b of the eccentric gear is 0.3-0.7, the addendum coefficient a is 0.1-0.5, the dedendum coefficient c is 0.3-0.7, the gear module is m, and the addendum h is... a =m×a, tooth root height h c =m×c, Total tooth height h=h a +h c The eccentricity of the eccentric wheel is d = m × b. The teeth of the eccentric external gear and internal gear are engaged in double conjugate meshing. The number of teeth engaged in double conjugate meshing of the eccentric external gear and internal gear is 10 to 30, which makes the reducer have a large load-bearing capacity.

[0012] As an improvement, the processing technology of the reducer includes: during the processing, the two internal gears are treated as a whole, and then the bearing holes, pin holes and gear teeth of the two internal gears are integrally machined. Then, the machined whole is divided in half into two internal gears. This ensures the consistency of the machining accuracy of the same pair of internal gears, and also ensures the relative position between the bearing holes, pin holes and gear teeth, thus guaranteeing the gear accuracy of the reducer.

[0013] This invention discloses a novel processing technology for a heavy-duty, high-precision reducer with low tooth difference, the advantages of which are:

[0014] 1. This processing technology uses two separate internal gears, and the product backlash is eliminated by adjusting the installation phase angle of the two internal gears;

[0015] 2. By controlling the pressure angle of the gear teeth, the deformation coefficient of the eccentric wheel, the tooth tip height coefficient, and the tooth root height coefficient, internal and external gears with double circular arc tooth profiles are made, resulting in a reducer with a large number of meshing gear teeth, a large gear meshing surface, a large load capacity, and high precision. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the external and internal gear fit of an existing reducer;

[0017] Figure 2 This is an analysis diagram of the double conjugate meshing of internal and external gears in the processing technology of a novel heavy-duty high-precision reducer with few tooth differences according to the present invention. The vertical axis represents the meshing depth.

[0018] Figure 3 This is an internal structural diagram of a novel heavy-duty high-precision low-tooth-difference reducer manufactured in the processing technology of a novel heavy-duty high-precision low-tooth-difference reducer of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a novel heavy-duty high-precision low-tooth-difference reducer manufactured in the processing technology of a novel heavy-duty high-precision low-tooth-difference reducer of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is an analysis diagram of reducing backlash in the processing technology of a novel heavy-duty high-precision reducer with few tooth differences according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a front view of the integrated machining of two external gears in the machining process of a novel heavy-duty high-precision reducer with few tooth differences according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the two external gears after being processed as a single unit in the machining process of a novel heavy-duty high-precision reducer with few tooth differences according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments: Example:

[0024] like Figures 1-7 , Figure 7 In this invention, M represents a dividing line. The invention describes the manufacturing process of a novel heavy-duty, high-precision reducer with a small tooth difference. The reducer includes a flange 1 and an eccentric shaft 2 at the input end, two eccentric wheels 3 on the eccentric shaft, two eccentric wheel sleeves 4 on the two eccentric wheels, two eccentric external gears 5 outside the two eccentric wheel sleeves, an internal gear 6 outside the two eccentric external gears, an output disc 7, and a housing 8. The eccentric shaft sequentially drives the eccentric wheels, eccentric wheel sleeves, and eccentric external gears to rotate eccentrically. Due to the limitation of the internal gear, the movement of the eccentric external gear includes rotation around the internal gear and rotation of the eccentric external gear itself. The internal gear and eccentric external gear are designed with a small tooth difference, and the internal gear has one more tooth than the eccentric external gear. When the eccentric shaft, eccentric wheels, and eccentric wheel sleeves rotate one revolution, the rotation of the eccentric external gear is one tooth in the opposite direction, thereby achieving speed reduction.

[0025] As an improvement, the processing technology of the reducer includes: the eccentric shaft and the two eccentric wheels are integrally formed, and the eccentric phase of the two eccentric wheels is 180°;

[0026] As an improvement, the processing technology of the reducer includes: the internal gear is two separate sub-internal gears. The product backlash can be eliminated by adjusting the installation phase angle of the two sub-internal gears. The two eccentric wheels drive the eccentric external gear to perform eccentric motion. The phase difference between the eccentric wheels is 180 degrees. The two pairs of internal and external gears are independent of each other. The eccentric external gears are driven by the eccentric wheels, so the phase difference is 180 degrees. The two sub-internal gears independently mesh with the corresponding external gears. Adjusting the phase angle between the internal gears can eliminate the meshing tooth backlash between the internal and external gears during the movement. That is, the phase angle is adjusted by the relative rotation of the two sub-internal gears. When the meshing tooth backlash between the internal and external gears is minimal, the two sub-internal gears are fixed, and zero backlash can be achieved.

[0027] As an improvement, the processing technology of the reducer includes: the teeth of the external gear and the internal gear are double circular arc teeth, the pressure angle α of the double circular arc teeth is 10°-25°, the deformation coefficient b of the eccentric wheel is 0.3-0.7, the addendum coefficient a is 0.1-0.5, the dedendum coefficient c is 0.3-0.7, the gear module is m, and the addendum h is... a =m×a, tooth root height h c =m×c, Total tooth height h=h a +h c The eccentricity of the eccentric wheel is d = m × b. The teeth of the eccentric external gear and internal gear are engaged in double conjugate meshing. The number of teeth engaged in double conjugate meshing of the eccentric external gear and internal gear is 10 to 30, which makes the reducer have a large load-bearing capacity.

[0028] As an improvement, the processing technology of the reducer includes: during the processing, the two internal gears are treated as a whole, and then the bearing holes 51, the pin shaft inner holes 52, and the gear teeth 53 of the two internal gears 5 are integrally machined. Then, the machined whole is divided in half into two internal gears. This ensures the consistency of the machining accuracy of the same pair of internal gears, and also ensures the relative position between the bearing holes, the pin shaft inner holes, and the gear teeth, thus guaranteeing the gear accuracy of the reducer.

[0029] Furthermore, the processing technology of the reducer includes: the teeth of the internal gear, the teeth of the eccentric external gear, and the pin holes are processed in the same process. That is, after fixing the internal gear and the eccentric external gear once, the processing of all the teeth of the internal gear, all the teeth of the eccentric external gear, and the pin holes is completed. This ensures the consistency of the relative positions of the teeth of the internal gear, the teeth of the eccentric external gear, and the pin holes, and ensures the full meshing of the teeth of the internal gear and the eccentric external gear, avoiding changes in the relative positions when processed separately.

[0030] Furthermore, the processing technology of the reducer includes: the pressure angle α of the double circular arc tooth profile is 15°-20°, the deformation coefficient b of the eccentric wheel is 0.5-0.7, the tooth tip height coefficient a is 0.3-0.5, and the tooth root height coefficient c is 0.5-0.7.

[0031] The present invention has been described in detail above. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of this application should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing technology for a novel heavy-duty high-precision reducer with a small tooth difference, the reducer comprising a flange and an eccentric shaft at the input end, two eccentric wheels on the eccentric shaft, two eccentric wheel sleeves on the two eccentric wheels respectively, two eccentric external gears outside the two eccentric wheel sleeves respectively, an internal gear outside the two eccentric external gears, an output disc, and a housing; the eccentric shaft sequentially drives the eccentric wheels, eccentric wheel sleeves, and eccentric external gears to rotate eccentrically; due to the constraint of the internal gear, the motion of the eccentric external gear includes rotation around the external internal gear and rotation of the eccentric external gear itself; the internal gear and the eccentric external gear are designed with a small tooth difference, and the internal gear has one more tooth than the eccentric external gear; characterized in that: The manufacturing process of the reducer includes: the eccentric shaft and two eccentric wheels are integrally formed, and the eccentric phase of the two eccentric wheels is 180°; The manufacturing process of the reducer includes: the internal gear is a split type of two sub-internal gears. The product backlash can be eliminated by adjusting the installation phase angle of the two sub-internal gears. The two eccentric wheels drive the eccentric external gear to perform eccentric motion. The phase difference between the eccentric wheels is 180 degrees. The two pairs of internal and external gears are independent of each other. The external gears are driven by the eccentric wheels, so the phase difference is 180 degrees. The two sub-internal gears independently mesh with the corresponding external gears. Adjusting the phase angle between the internal gears can eliminate the meshing tooth backlash between the internal and external gears during the movement. That is, the phase angle is adjusted by the relative rotation of the two sub-internal gears. When the meshing tooth backlash between the internal and external gears is minimal, the two sub-internal gears are fixed, and zero backlash can be achieved. The manufacturing process of the reducer includes: the teeth of the eccentric external gear and internal gear are double circular arc teeth; the pressure angle α of the double circular arc teeth is 10°-25°; the deformation coefficient b of the eccentric gear is 0.3-0.7; the addendum coefficient a is 0.1-0.5; the dedendum coefficient c is 0.3-0.7; the gear module is m; and the addendum h is... a =m×a, tooth root height h c =m×c, Total tooth height h=h a +h c The eccentricity of the eccentric wheel is d = m × b. The teeth of the eccentric external gear and internal gear are engaged in double conjugate meshing. The number of teeth engaged in double conjugate meshing of the eccentric external gear and internal gear is 10 to 30, which makes the reducer have a large load-bearing capacity. The processing technology of the reducer includes: during the processing, the two internal gears are treated as a whole, and then the bearing holes, pin holes and gear teeth of the two internal gears are integrally machined. Then, the machined whole is divided in half into two internal gears. This ensures the consistency of the machining accuracy of the same pair of internal gears, and also ensures the relative position between the bearing holes, pin holes and gear teeth, which can guarantee the gear accuracy of the reducer.

2. The processing technology of a novel heavy-duty high-precision reducer with few tooth differences according to claim 1, characterized in that, The machining process of the reducer includes: the teeth of the internal gear, the teeth of the eccentric external gear, and the pin holes are machined in the same process, that is, after fixing the internal gear and the eccentric external gear once, the machining of all the teeth of the internal gear, all the teeth of the eccentric external gear, and the pin holes is completed.

3. The processing technology of a novel heavy-duty high-precision reducer with few tooth differences according to claim 1, characterized in that, The manufacturing process of the reducer includes: the pressure angle α of the double circular arc tooth profile is 15°-20°, the deformation coefficient b of the eccentric wheel is 0.5-0.7, the tooth tip height coefficient a is 0.3-0.5, and the tooth root height coefficient c is 0.5-0.7.

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