Non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high-temperature thermal protection and a preparation method thereof. The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric is formed by laminating and compounding three layers of fabric, which are, from the outside to the inside, a base fabric, a waterproof and breathable membrane, and a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer; the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is a warp-knitted spacer fabric layer or a weft-knitted spacer fabric layer woven from flame-retardant yarns, including an outer layer, a spacer layer, and an inner layer; the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is divided into a plurality of blocks, and the fineness of the spacer layer monofilaments in different blocks is not exactly the same, so that the thickness of different blocks under a certain pressure is not exactly the same. The preparation method is: first prepare a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer, and then apply an adhesive between the base fabric and the waterproof and breathable membrane and between the waterproof and breathable membrane and the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer, so that the three are bonded to obtain the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric. The present invention differentially achieves better thermal protection performance and comfort performance of protective clothing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal protection clothing, especially for thermal environments with external pressure, and specifically relates to a non-uniform three-dimensional spaced laminated fabric for high-temperature thermal protection and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] High-temperature thermal disasters are often accompanied by hot steam at a certain pressure. They are widely used in food processing, petrochemicals, ships, firefighting and other fields, posing a serious threat to the life safety of workers in the industry. The temperature of high-temperature steam is usually between 100 and 300°C, and the temperature of hot water after steam condensation is 80 to 90°C. Although the temperature of high-temperature steam and condensed water is far lower than the flame temperature (which can reach 400 to 2500°C), it is often accompanied by a steam pressure of 100 to 4000 kPa. The report updated in 2017 by the American Burn Association shows that about 41% of the injured people in the United States from 2008 to 2017 were caused by flames and thermal radiation burns, while about 35% of the injured people were caused by steam scalds. It can be seen that high-temperature thermal disasters accompanied by a certain steam pressure pose a serious threat to the life safety of practitioners.

[0003] At present, the traditional thermal protective clothing still used in China is difficult to block the transfer of water vapor and liquid water and resist the compression of the air layer inside the clothing by steam pressure. However, there are great differences in the formation mechanism of human skin burns and scalds and the thermal sensation of the human body to sensible heat transfer and wet heat transfer. Due to the presence of water vapor and liquid water, water with a large specific heat capacity will carry a large amount of energy to penetrate the pores of the fabric, causing serious skin burns; and the presence of high pressure will compress the air layer inside the fabric, aggravating heat and moisture transfer and skin burns. This also leads to the fact that traditional thermal protective clothing, which is mainly aimed at flash fire and thermal radiation exposure, cannot effectively resist the invasion of high-pressure steam and the compression of human body movements. In addition, different parts of the human body are exposed to steam to different degrees during the operation, resulting in different absorption of heat by the skin during exposure; the degree of compression of clothing is also different, resulting in different release of stored heat in clothing. Therefore, the thickness of the local air layer and the thermal protection effect of clothing are also different. Therefore, the key to thermal protection lies in how to achieve better waterproof and breathable properties, compression resistance and thermal protection of fabrics in a differentiated way.

[0004] At present, existing technologies achieve differentiated moisture permeability by non-uniformly designing the hollowing rate of fabrics. On the one hand, this technology is limited to simulating the sweating of different parts of the skin of a sweating manikin; on the other hand, this technology is mainly achieved by scraping silicone through templates with different hollowing areas. The coating itself has a certain thickness and will affect the comfort performance of the fabric to a certain extent. In addition, existing technologies have not yet systematically considered the differentiated compression resistance and thermal protection of protective clothing.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great significance to design a new type of non-uniform thermal protective fabric with excellent waterproof and moisture permeability, compression resistance and thermal protection. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art solutions, the present invention provides a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high-temperature thermal protection and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection, which is formed by laminating and compounding three layers of fabric, and the placement order from outside to inside, that is, from environment to skin, is a base fabric, a waterproof and breathable membrane, and a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer;

[0009] The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is a warp-knitted spacer fabric layer or a weft-knitted spacer fabric layer woven from flame-retardant yarns, and comprises an outer layer, a spacer layer and an inner layer;

[0010] The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is divided into multiple blocks. The thickness of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer in the same block is uniform (the thickness difference does not exceed 0.1mm), and the fineness of all spacer layer monofilaments in the same block is the same; the thickness of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer in different blocks is uniform (the thickness difference does not exceed 1mm), and the fineness of the spacer layer monofilaments in different blocks is not completely the same, so that the thickness of different blocks under a certain pressure is not completely the same; the degree of compression and heat exposure of different parts of the human body are not the same. According to the different parts of the fabric applied to the clothing, the fabric parameters are non-uniformly designed to meet the differentiated needs of thermal protection and comfort.

[0011] As the preferred technical solution:

[0012] The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature heat protection as described above, wherein the coil density of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is 150 to 280 coils / cm 2 .

[0013] In the non-uniform three-dimensional spaced laminated fabric for high-temperature heat protection as described above, the flame-retardant yarn is a flame-retardant polyester yarn or a flame-retardant phase change yarn.

[0014] As described above, the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high-temperature thermal protection, the flame-retardant yarn of the woven outer layer and the inner layer is a multifilament of 300D / 96F, 300D / 144F or 400D / 96F, the flame-retardant yarn of the woven spacer layer is a monofilament with a fineness of 0.055 to 0.091 mm, specifically, the fineness of the monofilament of the block I spacer layer is 0.071 to 0.091 mm, the fineness of the monofilament of the block II spacer layer is 0.055 to 0.071 mm (excluding 0.055 mm), and the fineness of the monofilament of the block III spacer layer is 0.055 to 0.071 mm.

[0015] Block number Fineness of spacer layer monofilament / mm Ⅰ (0.071,0.091] Ⅱ (0.055,0.071] Ⅲ [0.055,0.071]

[0016] A non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature heat protection as described above, wherein the spacing of the multifilament yarns of the woven outer layer and the inner layer is 3.5 to 4.5 mm, and the spacing of the monofilament yarns of the woven spacer layer is 3.0 to 4.2 mm;

[0017] The monofilaments of the spacing layer are cross-connected with the inner and outer layers through coils to form a certain angle. The inclination angle of the monofilament is the acute angle formed by the monofilament and the inner and outer layers, which is 25 to 50° (the inclination angle of block I is 25 to 50°, the inclination angle of block II is 30 to 50°, and the inclination angle of block III is 35 to 50°); the coils of the outer layer are connected to all the coils on the inner layer according to the set interval, and the set interval is 3 to 5 coils.

[0018] The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature heat protection as described above, wherein the base fabric is a woven fabric woven from yarns spun from one or more of meta-aramid, para-aramid and polybenzimidazole; the front side of the garment is smooth and flat and has been waterproofed, and a layer of VAE waterproof glue is evenly applied to strengthen the waterproofness of the fabric, so that more high temperature liquid is blocked on the outside of the garment to reduce its penetration;

[0019] The base fabric has a twill or plain weave structure, especially a twill fabric surface with warp (weft) weave points connected to form continuous inclined lines, which effectively reduces the friction between the attached high-temperature liquid and the fabric surface; when the clothing is worn on the human body, it is usually perpendicular to the ground or forms a certain angle, so that more liquid slides off during movement, thereby reducing the amount of liquid penetrating into the skin;

[0020] The waterproof and breathable membrane is a polyethylene (PE) membrane, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane or a polyurethane (PU) membrane.

[0021] The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature heat protection as described above has a thickness of 4.8 to 5.8 mm and a gram weight of 568 to 741 g / m 2 , density is 98~154kg / m3 (The weight of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block I is 595-741 g / m 2 , density is 102~154kg / m 3 The weight of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block II is 575-702 g / m 2 , density is 99~146kg / m 3 The weight of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block III is 568-692 g / m 2 , density is 98~144kg / m 3 ).

[0022] The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high-temperature heat protection as described above has a relatively tight structure on the outer layer, which is conducive to waterproofing; the structure of the outer layer of the warp knitted spacer fabric is a double warp flat, warp flat velvet or chain weft knitted structure, and the structure of the outer layer of the weft knitted spacer fabric is a weft flat needle or warp and weft structure; the outer layer is flat, which is conducive to close adhesion with the waterproof and breathable membrane, and the occurrence of defects such as separation and loss of adhesion is suppressed;

[0023] The inner layer structure has a high porosity, which is conducive to perspiration; the inner layer structure of the warp knitted spacer fabric is a mesh structure, and the inner layer structure of the weft knitted spacer fabric is a gauze structure.

[0024] The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high-temperature thermal protection as described above is designed based on an empirical model.

[0025] The steps to establish the empirical model are as follows:

[0026] S1: Based on a large number of experiments, an empirical model of thermal protection of three-dimensional spacer laminated fabrics is established as follows:

[0027] The mathematical relationship between the thermal protection of the three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric and the fineness of the single filaments in the spacer layer is:

[0028] y=mx 2 +nx+p, m∈[31052,32705], n∈[-5865,-4862], p∈[396,492];

[0029] Where y is the total energy absorbed by human skin, in kJ·m -2 ; x is the single-filament fineness of the spacer layer, in mm;

[0030] S2: Determine the boundary conditions and substitute them into the established model, compare the experimental results with the model output results to modify the model parameters, and repeat until the error between the experimental data and the output data is within 10%;

[0031] S3: Based on the empirical model of thermal protection of three-dimensional spacer laminated fabrics verified in S2, the single filament fineness design of three-dimensional spacer laminated fabrics is guided to minimize the total energy absorbed by human skin, and the thermal protection is improved while ensuring good comfort by using the non-uniform design of clothing.

[0032] A conventional thermal protection fabric system is used for comparison with a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection as described above. The conventional thermal protection fabric system has a grammage of 688 g / cm 2 The layers from the outermost layer to the innermost layer are: protective outer layer (98% meta-aramid / 2% para-aramid), waterproof breathable layer (100% meta-aramid / polytetrafluoroethylene film), thermal insulation layer (100% meta-aramid felt and base fabric). The moisture resistance of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric is 29.1-34.8 Ret / Pa·m -2 ·W (the smaller the moisture resistance, the better the waterproof and breathable performance). When the traditional thermal protection fabric system wants to achieve the same protection performance as the three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric, its moisture resistance is as high as 34.9Ret / Pa·m -2 W; the thickness of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric is 4.8-5.8 mm without pressure, and the thickness is 4.4-5.4 mm under 0.5 kPa pressure, with a thickness change rate of only 6.9-8.3%. The thickness of the conventional thermal protection fabric system is 5.9 mm without pressure, and the thickness is 3.5 mm under 0.5 kPa pressure, with a thickness change rate of up to 40.7%, indicating that the compression resistance of the present invention has been significantly improved; the peak heat flux of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric is 8.21-12.00 kW / m 2 The peak heat flux of the traditional thermal protection fabric system is 16.78kW / m 2 , which is about 1.4 to 2 times that of the former (the smaller the heat flux, the better the thermal protection performance), and in the exposure stage and the early cooling stage, the heat flux of the three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric is always significantly smaller than that of the traditional fabric system, that is, under the protection of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric, the heat absorbed by the skin in the exposure stage and the cooling stage is significantly reduced; when exposed to a steam heat environment of 134±1℃ and 207±10kPa for 20s and then cooled for 40s, the second-degree burn time of the skin of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric is 15.42 to 23.97s, and the third-degree burn time is more than 22.03s or does not reach the third-degree burn of the skin, while under the same experimental conditions, the second-degree and third-degree burn times of the skin of the traditional thermal protection fabric system are 7.52s and 10.52s, respectively (the longer the time, the better the thermal protection performance).

[0033] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high-temperature heat protection as described above, first preparing a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer, and then applying an adhesive between the base fabric and the waterproof and breathable membrane and between the waterproof and breathable membrane and the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer, so that the three are bonded to obtain the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric.

[0034] As the preferred technical solution:

[0035] According to the method described above, the steps for preparing the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer are as follows: according to the designed machine process diagram (e.g. Figure 2 ) for weaving, and after taking off the machine, it is shaped (dry heat setting, 180-210℃, 20-30s) and finally formed.

[0036] In the method described above, the adhesive is an olefinic resin adhesive, preferably a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) hot melt adhesive, which has high density, few molecular branches, high melting point, good high temperature resistance and waterproof and moisture permeability.

[0037] Beneficial Effects

[0038] (1) The method of the present invention can directly form a non-uniform fabric without subsequent treatment, and there is no problem that the non-uniform fabric formed by the prior art has a certain thickness of the coating itself and affects the comfort performance of the fabric to a certain extent;

[0039] (2) In the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric of the present invention, the different degrees of compression and heat exposure of each part are taken into consideration, and the fineness of the single filaments of the spacer layer is non-uniformly designed, so as to achieve better thermal protection and comfort performance of the protective clothing in a differentiated manner;

[0040] (3) In the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric of the present invention, not only is the three-dimensional spacer fabric layer innovatively designed to replace the traditional thermal insulation layer, but also the design of three-layer fabric superposition of traditional thermal protective clothing is broken through. The base fabric, waterproof and breathable membrane and three-dimensional spacer fabric layer are laminated to form a single-layer fabric. On the basis of ensuring the thermal protection performance, the thickness of the clothing is reduced, and the comfort performance is effectively improved;

[0041] (4) In the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric of the present invention, the base fabric has strong waterproofness and is conducive to the high-temperature liquid accumulated on the outside to slide off, reducing the penetration of liquid water; the three-dimensional spacer fabric layer has a stable structure and strong compression resistance, which can effectively resist the invasion of high-pressure steam and the extrusion of human body movements, reduce heat and mass transfer, reduce the release of stored heat in clothing, and significantly improve thermal protection performance;

[0042] (5) In the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric of the present invention, the porous structure of the three-dimensional spacer fabric layer not only improves the air permeability and moisture permeability of the fabric, significantly improving the thermal and moisture comfort performance; but also significantly increases the air contained in the fabric, effectively reducing heat transfer and significantly improving thermal protection performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a non-uniform three-dimensional spaced laminated fabric of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a process diagram of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer of block I in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 A comparison diagram of skin heat flow curves of the non-uniform three-dimensional spaced laminated fabric and the traditional thermal protection fabric system corresponding to block I of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a front block division diagram of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the reverse side of the non-uniform three-dimensional spaced laminated fabric of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 A front block division diagram of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 A diagram showing the reverse side of the non-uniform three-dimensional spaced laminated fabric of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0050] Among them, 10 is a base fabric, 20 is a waterproof and breathable membrane, 30 is a non-uniform three-dimensional spaced fabric layer, 31 is an outer layer, 32 is a spacer layer, and 33 is an inner layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application equally.

[0052] The non-uniform three-dimensional spaced laminated fabric in the present invention is designed based on an empirical model, and the steps for establishing the empirical model are as follows:

[0053] S1: Based on a large number of experiments and analyses, an empirical model of thermal protection of three-dimensional spacer laminated fabrics is established as follows:

[0054] The mathematical relationship between the thermal protection of the three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric and the fineness of the single filaments in the spacer layer is:

[0055] y=mx 2 +nx+p, m∈[31052,32705], n∈[-5865,-4862], p∈[396,492];

[0056] Where y is the total energy absorbed by human skin, in kJ·m -2 ; x is the single-filament fineness of the spacer layer, in mm;

[0057] S2: Determine the boundary conditions and substitute them into the established model, compare the experimental results with the model output results to modify the model parameters, and repeat until the error between the experimental data and the output data is within 10%;

[0058] S3: Based on the empirical model of thermal protection of three-dimensional spacer laminated fabrics verified in S2, the single filament fineness design of three-dimensional spacer laminated fabrics is guided to minimize the total energy absorbed by human skin, and the thermal protection is improved while ensuring good comfort by using the non-uniform design of clothing.

[0059] The specific information of some raw materials in the present invention is as follows:

[0060] (1) Flame-retardant polyester yarn: from Nantong Xindike Textile Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd., trade name D0180;

[0061] (2) High-density polyethylene (HDPE) hot melt adhesive: from 3M China Ltd., trade name 3M TM 3764TC;

[0062] (3) Para-aramid: sourced from Dongguan Sovit Special Wire & Tape Co., Ltd., trade name SWT2017 / 11 / 14;

[0063] (4) Meta-aramid: Sourced from Guangdong Twilon New Materials Application Co., Ltd., trade name TWL-FL13 / 1200.

[0064] The testing method adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0065] (1) Moisture resistance: GB / T 11048-2018 Textiles - Determination of thermal resistance and moisture resistance under steady-state conditions for physiological comfort (evaporative hot plate method) is used to test the moisture resistance of non-uniform three-dimensional spaced laminated fabrics;

[0066] (2) Heat flow peak value: The heat flow peak value of non-uniform three-dimensional spaced laminated fabrics was tested using the steam protection performance test equipment (model MYAC0001) developed by Canada MAYC Company;

[0067] (3) Second-degree burn time of skin: The steam protection performance test equipment (model MYAC0001) developed by Canada MAYC Company tests the second-degree burn time of skin of non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabrics;

[0068] (4) Third-degree burn time of skin: The steam protection performance testing equipment (model MYAC0001) developed by Canada MAYC Company was used to test the third-degree burn time of skin of non-uniform three-dimensional spaced laminated fabrics.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] A non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection, such as Figure 1 As shown, the work clothes used in the food processing industry mainly protect the arms and neck of the human body, followed by the front of the human body, and then the back of the human body. The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric is composed of a base fabric 10, a waterproof and breathable membrane 20, and a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer 30 from the outside to the inside; the coil density of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer 30 is 200 coils / cm 2 ;

[0071] The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer 30 is a weft-knitted spacer fabric layer woven from flame-retardant polyester yarn, including an outer layer 31, a spacer layer 32 and an inner layer 33; the outer layer 31 is woven with 400D / 96F flame-retardant polyester multifilament, the inlay yarn spacing of the multifilament of the outer layer 31 is 4.0mm, and the structure of the outer layer 31 is a weft plain needle structure; the inner layer 33 is 400D / 96F flame-retardant polyester multifilament, the inlay yarn spacing of the multifilament of the inner layer 33 is 4.0mm, and the structure of the inner layer 33 is a gauze structure; the spacer layer 32 is made of flame-retardant polyester monofilament, and the monofilament of the spacer layer 32 is cross-connected with the inner layer 33 and the outer layer 31 through coils to form a spacing angle;

[0072] like Figures 4-5 As shown, the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is divided into three blocks, and the coils of the outer layer 31 are connected to all the coils on the inner layer 33 according to the set interval (4 coils), and the gram weight of block I is 684.5g / m 2 , density is 118.0kg / m 3 The spacing of the monofilament yarns of the spacer layer 32 is 4 mm, and the spacing angle is 35.5°. The process diagram of the machine is as follows: Figure 2 As shown; the weight of block II is 641.1g / m 2 , density is 114.5kg / m 3 The spacing of the monofilament yarns in the spacer layer 32 is 4 mm, and the spacing angle is 37.6°; the weight of block III is 634.3 g / m 2 , density is 117.5kg / m 3, the spacing of the monofilament yarns of the spacer layer 32 is 4 mm, and the spacing angle is 46.1°;

[0073] Based on the empirical model established above (m = 31904, n = -5362, p = 431), in order to ensure a certain comfort performance, the total energy absorbed by the human skin is lower than that of the traditional thermal protection fabric system (325.0 kJ·m -2 ) is smaller, the fineness of the monofilament in the spacer layer of block I is 0.091 mm, and the total energy absorbed is 207.3 kJ·m -2 The fineness of the monofilament in the spacer layer of block II is 0.071 mm, and the total energy absorbed is 211.1 kJ·m -2 The fineness of the monofilament in the spacer layer of block III is 0.055 mm, and the total energy absorbed is 232.6 kJ·m -2 ;

[0074] The thickness of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block I is 5.8 mm, and the moisture resistance is 34.8 Ret / Pa·m -2 W, thickness at 0.5 kPa pressure is 5.4 mm, thickness change rate is 6.9%, and heat flux peak is 8.21 kW / m 2 ,like Figure 3 As shown; when exposed to a steam heat environment of 134°C and 207 kPa for 20 seconds and then cooled for 40 seconds, the skin second-degree burn time of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block I is 18.56 seconds, and the third-degree burn time is 49.26 seconds;

[0075] The thickness of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block II is 5.6 mm, and the moisture resistance is 32.9 Ret / Pa·m -2 W, thickness at 0.5 kPa pressure is 5.2 mm, thickness change rate is 7.1%, and heat flux peak is 11.88 kW / m 2 ; When exposed to a steam heat environment of 134℃ and 207kPa for 20s and then cooled for 40s, the skin second-degree burn time of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block II was 15.67s, and the third-degree burn time was 27.7s;

[0076] The thickness of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block III is 5.4 mm, and the moisture resistance is 33.6 Ret / Pa·m -2 W, thickness at 0.5 kPa pressure is 5.0 mm, thickness change rate is 7.4%, and heat flux peak is 10.44 kW / m 2 When exposed to a steam heat environment of 134°C and 207 kPa for 20 seconds and then cooled for 40 seconds, the second-degree burn time of the skin of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block III was 16.03 seconds, and the third-degree burn time was 22.63 seconds.

[0077] The preparation method of the above-mentioned non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection is as follows:

[0078] (1) First, a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is prepared: a machine process diagram is designed according to the above parameters, and the spacer fabric layer is woven according to the machine process diagram (the instrument is 18G Shima Seiki MACH53X, the machine speed is 0.8 m / s, and the tension is 100 N). After weaving, the spacer fabric layer is shaped (dry heat setting, 180° C., 20 s) after being taken off the machine to obtain a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer;

[0079] (2) applying a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) hot melt adhesive between the base fabric and the waterproof and breathable membrane and between the waterproof and breathable membrane and the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer, respectively, so that the three are bonded together to obtain a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high-temperature thermal protection;

[0080] Among them, the base fabric is a twill weave fabric woven from yarns spun from 98% meta-aramid / 2% para-aramid. The front side of the fabric is smooth and flat and has been waterproofed, and is evenly coated with a layer of VAE waterproof glue; the waterproof and breathable membrane is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] A non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection, such as Figure 1 As shown, the work clothes used for pipeline workers in the chemical industry mainly protect the forearms and the front of the torso of the human body, followed by the upper arms and neck of the human body, and then the back of the torso. The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric is composed of a base fabric 10, a waterproof and breathable membrane 20, and a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer 30 from the outside to the inside; the coil density of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer 30 is 200 coils / cm 2 ;

[0083] The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer 30 is a weft-knitted spacer fabric layer woven from flame-retardant polyester yarn, including an outer layer 31, a spacer layer 32 and an inner layer 33; the outer layer 31 is woven with 400D / 96F flame-retardant polyester multifilament, the inlay yarn spacing of the multifilament of the outer layer 31 is 4.0mm, and the structure of the outer layer 31 is a weft plain needle structure; the inner layer 33 is 400D / 96F flame-retardant polyester multifilament, the inlay yarn spacing of the multifilament of the inner layer 33 is 4.0mm, and the structure of the inner layer 33 is a gauze structure; the spacer layer 32 is made of flame-retardant polyester monofilament, and the monofilament of the spacer layer 32 is cross-connected with the inner layer 33 and the outer layer 31 through coils to form a spacing angle;

[0084] like Figures 4-5As shown, the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is divided into three blocks, and the coils of the outer layer 31 are connected to all the coils on the inner layer 33 according to the set interval (3 coils); the gram weight of block I is 699.1g / m 2 , density is 129.5kg / m 3 The spacing of the monofilament yarns in the spacer layer 32 is 4.1 mm, and the spacing angle is 31.6°; the weight of block II is 645.4 g / m 2 , density is 126.6kg / m 3 The spacing of the monofilament yarns in the spacer layer 32 is 4.1 mm, and the spacing angle is 40.5°; the weight of block III is 636.7 g / m 2 , density is 132.7kg / m 3 , the spacing of the monofilament yarns of the spacer layer 32 is 4.1 mm, and the spacing angle is 48.5°;

[0085] Based on the empirical model established above (m = 31052, n = -5865, p = 492), in order to ensure a certain comfort performance, the total energy absorbed by the human skin is lower than that of the traditional thermal protection fabric system (325.0 kJ·m -2 ) is smaller, the fineness of the monofilament in the spacer layer of block I is 0.091 mm, and the total energy absorbed is 215.4 kJ·m -2 The fineness of the monofilament in the spacer layer of block II is 0.071 mm, and the total energy absorbed is 232.1 kJ·m -2 The fineness of the monofilament in the spacer layer of block III is 0.055 mm, and the total energy absorbed is 263.4 kJ·m -2 ;

[0086] The thickness of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block I is 5.4 mm, and the moisture resistance is 32.6 Ret / Pa·m -2 W, thickness is 5mm at 0.5kPa pressure, thickness change rate is 7.4%, and heat flux peak is 9.58kW / m 2 ; When exposed to a steam heat environment of 134℃ and 207kPa for 20s and then cooled for 40s, the skin second-degree burn time of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block I was 17.4s, and the third-degree burn time was 28.88s;

[0087] The thickness of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block II is 5.1 mm, and the moisture resistance is 30.3 Ret / Pa·m -2 W, thickness at 0.5 kPa pressure is 4.7 mm, thickness change rate is 7.8%, and heat flux peak is 10.59 kW / m 2; When exposed to a steam heat environment of 134℃ and 207kPa for 20s and then cooled for 40s, the skin second-degree burn time of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block II was 16.16s, and the third-degree burn time was 22.56s;

[0088] The thickness of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block III is 4.8 mm, and the moisture resistance is 30.2 Ret / Pa·m -2 W, thickness at 0.5 kPa pressure is 4.4 mm, thickness change rate is 8.3%, and heat flux peak is 12 kW / m 2 When exposed to a steam heat environment of 134°C and 207 kPa for 20 seconds and then cooled for 40 seconds, the second-degree burn time of the skin of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric corresponding to block III was 15.42 seconds, and the third-degree burn time was 22.37 seconds.

[0089] The preparation method of the above-mentioned non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection is as follows:

[0090] (1) First, a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is prepared: a machine process diagram is designed according to the above parameters, and the spacer fabric layer is woven according to the machine process diagram (the instrument is 18G Shima Seiki MACH53X, the machine speed is 0.8 m / s, and the tension is 100 N). After weaving, the spacer fabric layer is shaped (dry heat setting, 180° C., 20 s) after being taken off the machine to obtain a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer;

[0091] (2) applying a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) hot melt adhesive between the base fabric and the waterproof and breathable membrane and between the waterproof and breathable membrane and the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer, respectively, so that the three are bonded together to obtain a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high-temperature thermal protection;

[0092] Among them, the base fabric is a twill weave fabric woven from yarns spun from 98% meta-aramid / 2% para-aramid. The front side of the fabric is smooth and flat and has been waterproofed, and is evenly coated with a layer of VAE waterproof glue; the waterproof and breathable membrane is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane.

Claims

1. A non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection, characterized in that: It is made of three layers of fabric laminated composite, from the outside to the inside, it is the base fabric, the waterproof and breathable membrane and the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer; The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is a warp-knitted spacer fabric layer or a weft-knitted spacer fabric layer woven from flame-retardant yarns, and comprises an outer layer, a spacer layer and an inner layer; The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is divided into a plurality of blocks, the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer has a uniform thickness in the same block, and the fineness of all the spacer layer monofilaments in the same block is the same; the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer has a uniform thickness in different blocks, and the fineness of the spacer layer monofilaments in different blocks is not completely the same, so that the thickness of different blocks under a certain pressure is not completely the same; The moisture resistance of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric is 29.1-34.8 Ret / Pa·m -2 ·W; the thickness variation rate of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric under a pressure of 0.5 kPa is 6.9 to 8.3%; the peak heat flux of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric is 8.21 to 12.00 kW / m 2 ; The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric is designed based on an empirical model, which is as follows: y=mx 2 +nx+p,m∈[31052,32705],n∈[-5865,-4862],p∈[396,492]; Where y is the total energy absorbed by human skin, in kJ·m -2 ; x is the single-filament fineness of the spacer layer, in mm.

2. The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coil density of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is 150 to 280 coils / cm 2 .

3. The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant yarn is flame retardant polyester yarn or flame retardant phase change yarn.

4. The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flame retardant yarns of the braided outer layer and the inner layer are multifilaments of 300D / 96F, 300D / 144F or 400D / 96F, and the flame retardant yarns of the braided spacer layer are monofilaments with a fineness of 0.055-0.091mm.

5. The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spacing of the multifilament yarns in the braided outer layer and the inner layer is 3.5 to 4.5 mm, and the spacing of the monofilament yarns in the braided spacer layer is 3.0 to 4.2 mm; The inclination angle of the monofilament in the spacing layer is 25-50 degrees; the coils of the outer layer are connected with all the coils on the inner layer according to the set interval, and the set interval is 3-5 coils.

6. The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fabric is a woven fabric woven from yarns spun from one or more of meta-aramid, para-aramid and polybenzimidazole; The weave structure of the base fabric is twill or plain weave; The waterproof and breathable membrane is a polyethylene membrane, a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane or a polyurethane membrane.

7. The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric is 4.8-5.8 mm, and the gram weight is 568-741 g / m 2 , density is 98~154kg / m 3 .

8. The non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature thermal protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer layer of the warp knitted spacer fabric has a structure of double warp plain, warp plain velvet or chain weft knitted fabric, and the outer layer of the weft knitted spacer fabric has a structure of weft plain needle or warp weft weft. The organizational structure of the inner layer of the warp knitted spacer fabric is a mesh structure, and the organizational structure of the inner layer of the weft knitted spacer fabric is a leno structure.

9. A method for preparing a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric for high temperature heat protection according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Firstly, a non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer is prepared, and then an adhesive is coated between the base fabric and the waterproof and breathable membrane and between the waterproof and breathable membrane and the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer fabric layer, respectively, so that the three are bonded to obtain the non-uniform three-dimensional spacer laminated fabric; The adhesive is an olefinic resin adhesive.

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