Power control box for vehicle-mounted charger

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of power control boxes for vehicle charger.It includes box shell, electric connector one is fixed on the side wall of box shell, the inside of box shell is equipped with organism, power conversion unit and control system are equipped on organism, communication module is equipped on control system, communication module and control system are electrically connected, control system and power conversion unit are electrically connected, power conversion unit is equipped with electric connector two matched with electric connector one, electric connector one and electric connector two are connected.The beneficial effects of the present application are: improve charging efficiency, reduce cost;Improve the stability of the equipment structure;Improve the heat dissipation effect;Simple structure, easy to process, low production cost;Realize the needle type heat dissipation blowing, further improve the heat dissipation effect of the organism;Simple structure, operation operation, the connection between joints is tight;When the temperature inside the box exceeds the safety value, the charging circuit will be disconnected, and the safety of the equipment is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, in particular to a power control box for on-board charger. BACKGROUND

[0002] On-board charger (OBC) refers to a charger fixedly installed on an electric vehicle, which has the ability to safely, quickly and conveniently fully charge the power battery. It dynamically adjusts the charging current and voltage parameters according to the data provided by the battery management system (BMS), performs the corresponding charging action, and completes the charging process. The standard OBC converts the single-phase 220V or three-phase 380V alternating current from the power grid into the direct current required by the power battery.

[0003] With the wide application of direct current charging piles, the OBC on some vehicle models using low-voltage battery packs can directly convert the direct current voltage of the direct current charging pile into the direct current required by the power battery. However, the current OBC lacks dynamic adjustment capability for direct current voltage conversion, has low charging efficiency, and has high cost.

[0004] In summary, there is currently a need for a power control box for on-board charger that can improve charging efficiency and reduce cost. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application is to overcome the deficiencies of the current OBC in the prior art, which lacks dynamic adjustment capability for direct current voltage conversion, has low charging efficiency, and has high cost. A power control box for on-board charger is provided, which can improve charging efficiency and reduce cost.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] A power control box for on-board charger, comprising a box shell, a conductive connector one is fixed on the side wall of the box shell, a machine body is arranged in the box shell, a power conversion unit and a control system are arranged on the machine body, a communication module is arranged on the control system, the communication module and the control system are electrically connected, the control system and the power conversion unit are electrically connected, a conductive connector two matched with the conductive connector one is arranged on the power conversion unit, and the conductive connector one and the conductive connector two are connected.

[0008] The number of the electrically conductive connector one is two, including a battery connector and a charging pile connector, the battery connector is connected with the vehicle-mounted battery, the charging pile connector is detachably connected with the direct-current charging pile, the number of the electrically conductive connector two corresponds to the number of the electrically conductive connector one, the power conversion unit is connected with the vehicle-mounted battery and the direct-current charging pile through the cooperation of the two electrically conductive connectors one and the electrically conductive connector two, so as to realize voltage conversion and power transmission. The control system is connected with the vehicle-mounted battery and the direct-current charging pile through the communication module, so as to realize communication. In the charging process, the control system obtains the voltage and current information required by the vehicle-mounted battery in real time through the communication module, calculates the input voltage when working at the best working point, and then the control system sends the required voltage command to the direct-current charging pile through the communication module, so that the direct-current charging pile adjusts the output in time according to the command, so as to ensure that the OBC input voltage meets the requirements. The control linkage with the direct-current charging pile makes the vehicle-mounted OBC work at the best working state at all times, improves the charging efficiency, and reduces the cost.

[0009] As preferred, the top of the box shell is provided with a box cover, the box shell and the box cover are detachably connected, the inner bottom surface of the box shell and the bottom surface of the box cover are both provided with organism positioning grooves, the top of the organism and the bottom of the organism are respectively installed in the two organism positioning grooves and are detachably connected with the organism positioning grooves, and the electrically conductive connector one and the electrically conductive connector two are detachably connected. Through the detachable connection design, the organism is convenient to take out from the box shell, and the organism is convenient to maintain and repair. Through the design of the organism positioning groove, the installation and positioning of the organism in the box shell are realized, and the stability of the equipment structure is improved.

[0010] As preferred, the one of the inner side walls of the box shell is provided with a cooling fan, the cooling fan is arranged on the side surface of the organism, the remaining side walls of the box shell are all provided with cooling through holes one, and the bottom surface of the organism positioning groove is provided with a plurality of cooling through holes two. During charging, the cooling fan blows the wind to the organism, so as to realize air cooling and improve the service life of the organism, so as to ensure that the organism can work normally, and the heat is discharged through the cooling through holes one and the cooling through holes two, so as to improve the cooling effect.

[0011] As preferred, the inner wall of the organism positioning groove and the bottom surface of the organism positioning groove are both provided with protrusions, the adjacent protrusions are provided with cooling gaps, and the protrusions on the bottom surface of the organism positioning groove are distributed in staggered mode with the cooling through holes two. The heat generated by the contact surface of the organism positioning groove and the organism can flow to the cooling through holes two through the cooling gaps and be discharged, so as to further improve the cooling effect of the organism.

[0012] As preferred, the end of the protrusion is in arc surface shape. The contact mode of the protrusion and the organism is point contact, so as to further improve the cooling effect of the organism.

[0013] As preferred, the box shell is provided with a fan rotating head mechanism connected with the heat dissipation fan, the inner side wall of the box shell is fixed with a fan seat, the fan seat is provided with a rotating ball groove, the rotating ball groove is provided with a rotating ball, the rotating ball and the rotating ball groove are rotationally connected, the opening diameter of the rotating ball groove is smaller than the cross section diameter of the rotating ball, the depth of the rotating ball groove is greater than the cross section radius of the rotating ball, the depth of the rotating ball groove is smaller than the cross section diameter of the rotating ball, the rotating ball is fixed with a fan fixing head, the fan fixing head is arranged outside the rotating ball groove, the heat dissipation fan is fixed on the fan fixing head, and the heat dissipation fan is rotationally connected with the fan seat through the cooperation of the rotating ball and the rotating ball groove. The heat dissipation fan is controlled by the fan rotating head mechanism, the blowing range of the heat dissipation fan is improved, the overall heat dissipation of the machine body is realized, and the heat dissipation effect of the machine body is further improved. The rotating ball is relatively rotated in the rotating ball groove, so that the heat dissipation fan is rotationally controlled, the structure is simple, the processing is convenient, and the production cost is low.

[0014] As preferred, the inner side wall of the box shell is fixed with a plurality of fixed plates, the fixed plates are uniformly distributed in a ring shape around the heat dissipation fan, and the fan rotating head mechanism comprises a bimetallic strip, one end of the bimetallic strip is fixed on the fixed plate, and the other end of the bimetallic strip is connected with the outer side wall of the heat dissipation fan through a spring. When the heat generated by a certain part of the machine body is too high, the high heat generated by the part will cause the bimetallic strip at the corresponding position to be deformed and bent, thereby pulling the heat dissipation fan and making the heat dissipation fan turn to the part, so that targeted heat dissipation blowing is realized, and the heat dissipation effect of the machine body is further improved. The spring has an automatic reset function for the heat dissipation fan.

[0015] As preferred, the conductive connector two comprises a fixed column and a movable head, one end of the fixed column is fixedly connected with the power conversion unit, one end of the movable head is provided with a guide sliding groove matched with the other end of the fixed column, the other end of the fixed column is arranged in the guide sliding groove, the movable head and the fixed column are slidingly connected, a limiting structure is arranged between the fixed column and the movable head, a spring two is arranged between the end face of the other end of the fixed column and the bottom face of the guide sliding groove, the other end of the movable head is opposite to the conductive connector one and is provided with a clamping head, and the conductive connector one is provided with a clamping groove matched with the clamping head. In the natural state, the movable head on the fixed column is clamped by the limiting structure, and the two are relatively fixed, and at this time, the spring two is in a compressed state; after the machine body is installed in the box shell, the clamping head on the movable head is aligned with the clamping groove on the conductive connector one, then the limiting structure releases the movable head, the movable head moves towards the conductive connector one under the elastic force of the spring two, the clamping head is pressed into the clamping groove, and the electrical connection between the conductive connector one and the conductive connector two is completed, the structure is simple, the operation is easy, and the connection between the connectors is tight.

[0016] As preferred, the limiting structure comprises a rotating plate, which is installed at one end of the movable head and connected with the movable head rotatably, and a limiting slot is arranged on the rotating plate, and a limiting pin matched with the limiting slot is fixed on the side wall of one end of the fixed column. In the natural state, the limiting slot on the rotating plate is buckled at the limiting pin, and the two are in a relatively fixed state. When connected, the staff only needs to turn over the rotating plate to make the limiting slot disengage from the limiting pin, and the movable head will automatically move towards the electrically-conductive connector one under the elastic force of the spring two, and the clamping head will be clamped into the clamping slot, thereby completing the electrical connection between the electrically-conductive connector one and the electrically-conductive connector two, and the structure is simple and the operation is easy.

[0017] As preferred, a magnetic block is fixed on the outer side wall of the electrically-conductive connector one, which is arranged at one end of the electrically-conductive connector one close to the movable head, and a fixed block and a power supply are arranged on the outer side wall of the movable head, a fixed iron core matched with the magnetic block is arranged on the fixed block, an inductive coil is wound around the outer side of the fixed iron core, a thermistor is arranged on the outer surface of the power supply, the power supply and the thermistor are electrically connected, one end of the inductive coil and the thermistor are electrically connected, a conductive contact block is arranged on the power supply, the conductive contact block is fixed on the inner side wall of the guide sliding groove, a conductive rod sliding groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the guide sliding groove, a conductive rod is arranged in the conductive rod sliding groove and connected with the conductive rod sliding groove slidably, a spring three is arranged between one end of the conductive rod and the bottom surface of the conductive rod sliding groove, the other end of the inductive coil and one end of the conductive rod are fixedly connected, the other end of the conductive rod is arranged in the guide sliding groove and a conductive head matched with the conductive contact block is fixed on the other end of the conductive rod. The thermistor is an NTC resistor, and its resistance decreases with the increase of temperature. In the natural state, the fixed column blocks the conductive contact block and pushes against the conductive rod (at this time, the spring three is in a compressed state), the conductive contact block and the conductive rod are not in contact, and the inductive coil is in a power-off state, thereby saving power and improving safety; when the connector is connected, the movable head moves towards the electrically-conductive connector one under the elastic force of the spring two, at this time, the fixed iron core also moves towards the magnetic block, at the same time, the conductive rod extends under the elastic force of the spring three, so that the conductive head on the conductive rod and the conductive contact block are in contact with each other, the circuit of the inductive coil is turned on, and the fixed iron core generates a small inductive magnetic field (the same as the magnetism of the magnetic block). When the temperature inside the box gradually increases, the resistance of the thermistor will decrease due to high temperature, so that the current of the inductive coil increases, and the magnetism of the fixed iron core also increases, when the temperature inside the box exceeds the safety value, at this time, the repulsive force between the fixed iron core and the magnetic block is greater than the elastic force of the spring two, and the movable head automatically separates from the electrically-conductive connector one under the repulsive force between the fixed iron core and the magnetic block, thereby breaking the charging circuit and improving the safety of the equipment.

[0018] The application has the advantages of improving charging efficiency, reducing cost, improving stability of equipment structure, improving heat dissipation effect, simple structure, convenient processing, low production cost, realizing needle type heat dissipation blowing, further improving heat dissipation effect on the machine body, simple structure, operation operation, tight connection between joints, when the temperature in the box body exceeds the safety value, the charging circuit is disconnected, and the safety of the equipment is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a system schematic diagram of the application;

[0020] Figure 2 is a perspective view of the application;

[0021] Figure 3 is a top view of the application;

[0022] Figure 4 is Figure 3 is a sectional view at A-A in the figure;

[0023] Figure 5 is Figure 4 is an enlarged view at B in the figure;

[0024] Figure 6 is Figure 4 is an enlarged view at C in the figure.

[0025] In the figure: 1. box shell, 2. conductive connector one, 3. machine body, 4. power conversion unit, 5. control system, 6. conductive connector two, 7. box cover, 8. machine body positioning groove, 9. heat dissipation fan, 10. heat dissipation through hole one, 11. heat dissipation through hole two, 12. protrusion, 13. fan seat, 14. rotating ball body groove, 15. rotating ball body, 16. fan fixing head, 17. fixed plate, 18. bimetallic strip, 19. spring one, 20. fixed column, 21. movable head, 22. guide sliding groove, 23. spring two, 24. clamping head, 25. clamping groove, 26. rotating plate, 27. limiting groove, 28. limiting pin, 29. magnetic block, 30. fixed block, 31. power supply, 32. fixed iron core, 33. induction coil, 34. thermistor, 35. conductive contact block, 36. conductive rod sliding groove, 37. conductive rod, 38. spring three, 39. conductive head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] As Figure 1 and Figure 4The embodiment, a power control box for vehicle charger, comprising a box shell 1, the side wall of the box shell 1 is fixed with a conductive connector 2, the inside of the box shell 1 is provided with a machine body 3, the machine body 3 is provided with a power conversion unit 4 and a control system 5, the control system 5 is provided with a communication module, the communication module is electrically connected with the control system 5, the control system 5 is electrically connected with the power conversion unit 4, the power conversion unit 4 is provided with a conductive connector 6 matched with the conductive connector 2, the conductive connector 2 is connected with the conductive connector 6.

[0028] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the top of the box shell 1 is provided with a box cover 7, the box shell 1 and the box cover 7 are detachably connected (clamping or threaded connection), as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the inner bottom surface of the box shell 1 and the bottom surface of the box cover 7 are both provided with a machine body positioning groove 8, the top of the machine body 3 and the bottom of the machine body 3 are respectively installed in the two machine body positioning grooves 8 and detachably connected therewith, the conductive connector 2 and the conductive connector 6 are detachably connected.

[0029] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 , one of the inner side walls of the box shell 1 is provided with a cooling fan 9, which is arranged on the side of the machine body 3, the remaining side walls of the box shell 1 are all provided with cooling through holes 10, and the bottom surface of the machine body positioning groove 8 is provided with a plurality of cooling through holes 11.

[0030] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the inner wall of the machine body positioning groove 8 and the bottom surface of the machine body positioning groove 8 are both provided with a protrusion 12, the adjacent protrusions 12 are provided with a cooling gap, and the protrusions 12 on the bottom surface of the machine body positioning groove 8 are distributed staggered with the cooling through holes 11.

[0031] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the end of the protrusion 12 is arc-shaped.

[0032] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the box shell 1 is provided with a fan rotating head mechanism connected with the cooling fan 9. The inner side wall of the box shell 1 is fixed with a fan seat 13. The fan seat 13 is provided with a rotating ball groove 14. The rotating ball groove 14 is provided with a rotating ball 15. The rotating ball 15 and the rotating ball groove 14 are rotationally connected. The opening diameter of the rotating ball groove 14 is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the rotating ball 15. The depth of the rotating ball groove 14 is greater than the cross-sectional radius of the rotating ball 15. The depth of the rotating ball groove 14 is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the rotating ball 15. The rotating ball 15 is fixed with a fan fixing head 16. The fan fixing head 16 is arranged outside the rotating ball groove 14. The cooling fan 9 is fixed on the fan fixing head 16. The cooling fan 9 is rotationally connected with the fan seat 13 through the cooperation of the rotating ball 15 and the rotating ball groove 14.

[0033] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the inner side wall of the box shell 1 is fixed with a plurality of fixed plates 17. The fixed plates 17 are evenly distributed in a ring shape with the cooling fan 9 as the center. The fan rotating head mechanism includes a bimetallic strip 18. One end of the bimetallic strip 18 is fixed on the fixed plate 17. The other end of the bimetallic strip 18 is fixedly connected with the outer side wall of the cooling fan 9 through a spring 19.

[0034] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6 , the conductive connector 6 includes a fixed column 20 and a movable head 21. One end of the fixed column 20 is fixedly connected with the power conversion unit 4. One end of the movable head 21 is provided with a guide sliding groove 22 matched with the other end of the fixed column 20. The other end of the fixed column 20 is arranged in the guide sliding groove 22. The movable head 21 and the fixed column 20 are slidingly connected. A limiting structure is arranged between the fixed column 20 and the movable head 21. A spring 23 is arranged between the end face of the other end of the fixed column 20 and the bottom face of the guide sliding groove 22. The other end of the movable head 21 is opposite to the conductive connector 1 and is provided with a clamping head 24. The conductive connector 1 is provided with a clamping groove 25 matched with the clamping head 24.

[0035] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6 , the limiting structure includes a rotating plate 26. The rotating plate 26 is installed on one end of the movable head 21 and is rotationally connected with the movable head 21. The rotating plate 26 is provided with a limiting groove 27. The side wall of one end of the fixed column 20 is fixed with a limiting pin 28 matched with the limiting groove 27.

[0036] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the outer side wall of the conductive connector 2 is fixed with a magnetic block 29, which is arranged at the end of the conductive connector 2 close to the movable head 21. The outer side wall of the movable head 21 is provided with a fixed block 30 and a power supply 31. The fixed block 30 is provided with a fixed iron core 32 matched with the magnetic block 29. The outer side of the fixed iron core 32 is wound with an induction coil 33. The outer surface of the power supply 31 is provided with a thermistor 34. The power supply 31 and the thermistor 34 are electrically connected. One end of the thermistor 34 is electrically connected with the induction coil 33. The power supply 31 is provided with a conductive contact block 35, which is fixed on the inner side wall of the guide sliding groove 22. The bottom surface of the guide sliding groove 22 is provided with a conductive rod sliding groove 36, which is provided with a conductive rod 37. One end of the conductive rod 37 is arranged in the conductive rod sliding groove 36 and is in sliding connection with the conductive rod sliding groove 36. A spring three 38 is arranged between the other end of the conductive rod 37 and the bottom surface of the conductive rod sliding groove 36. The other end of the conductive rod 37 is arranged in the guide sliding groove 22 and is fixed with a conductive head 39 matched with the conductive contact block 35.

[0037] The control system 5 is a DSP chip, the power conversion module 4 is a rectifier, and the communication module can be wired communication or wireless communication.

[0038] When charging, the heat dissipation fan 9 blows air to the machine body 3 to achieve air cooling and heat dissipation. The heat is discharged through the heat dissipation through hole one 10 and the heat dissipation through hole two 11. When the heat generated by a certain part of the machine body 3 is too high, the high heat generated by the part will cause the bimetallic strip 18 at the corresponding position to deform and bend, thereby pulling the heat dissipation fan 9 and making the heat dissipation fan 9 turn to the part, so as to realize targeted heat dissipation and blowing, and further improve the heat dissipation effect of the machine body 3.

[0039] When the machine body 3 is installed in the box shell 1, the clamping head 24 on the movable head 21 is aligned with the clamping slot 25 on the conductive connector 2, the staff turns the rotating plate 26 to make the limiting slot 27 disengage from the limiting pin 28, and the movable head 21 will automatically move towards the conductive connector 2 under the elastic force of the spring 2 3 (the fixed iron core 32 also moves towards the magnetic block 29), and the clamping head 24 is pressed into the clamping slot 25, thereby completing the electrical connection between the conductive connector 2 and the conductive connector 6, at the same time, the conductive rod 37 extends under the elastic force of the spring 3 8, so that the conductive head 39 on the conductive rod 37 is in contact with the conductive contact block 35, the circuit of the induction coil 33 is connected, and the fixed iron core 32 generates a small induction magnetic field (the same as the magnetism of the magnetic block 29). When the temperature inside the box shell 1 gradually rises, the resistance of the thermistor 34 will decrease due to high temperature, so that the current of the induction coil 33 increases, and the magnetism of the fixed iron core 32 also increases. When the temperature inside the box shell 1 exceeds the safety value, the repulsive force between the fixed iron core 32 and the magnetic block 29 is greater than the elastic force of the spring 2 3, and the movable head 21 automatically separates from the conductive connector 2 under the repulsive force between the fixed iron core 32 and the magnetic block 29, and the charging circuit is disconnected.

Claims

1. A power control box for an on-board charger, characterized by, The utility model provides a box shell (1), the side wall of box shell (1) is fixed with electrically conductive connector one (2), the inside of box shell (1) is equipped with organism (3), be equipped with power conversion unit (4) and control system (5) on organism (3), be equipped with communication module on control system (5), communication module and control system (5) electric connection, control system (5) and power conversion unit (4) electric connection, be equipped with electrically conductive connector two (6) with electrically conductive connector one (2) matching on power conversion unit (4), electrically conductive connector one (2) and electrically conductive connector two (6) are connected, electrically conductive connector two (6) include fixed column (20) and movable head (21), one end of fixed column (20) and power conversion unit (4) fixed connection, one end of movable head (21) is equipped with with the other end of fixed column (20) matching guide slide groove (22), the other end of fixed column (20) is placed in guide slide groove (22), movable head (21) and fixed column (20) sliding connection, be equipped with limiting structure between fixed column (20) and movable head (21), be equipped with spring no.The other end of the conductive rod (37) is placed in the guide chute (22) and a conductive head (39) matched with the conductive contact block (35) is fixed thereon.

2. The power control box for use in the vehicle charger according to claim 1, characterized by, The top of the box shell (1) is provided with a box cover (7), the box shell (1) and the box cover (7) are detachably connected, the inner bottom surface of the box shell (1) and the bottom surface of the box cover (7) are both provided with organism positioning grooves (8), the top of the organism (3) and the bottom of the organism (3) are respectively installed in the two organism positioning grooves (8) and are detachably connected with the same, the conductive connector one (2) and the conductive connector two (6) are detachably connected.

3. The power control box for use in the vehicle charger according to claim 2, characterized by, The inner side wall of the box shell (1) is provided with a heat dissipation fan (9), the heat dissipation fan (9) is arranged on the side of the organism (3), the remaining side walls of the box shell (1) are all provided with heat dissipation through holes one (10), and the bottom surface of the organism positioning groove (8) is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation through holes two (11).

4. The power control box for use in the vehicle charger according to claim 3, characterized by, The inner wall of the organism positioning groove (8) and the bottom surface of the organism positioning groove (8) are both provided with protrusions (12), heat dissipation gaps are arranged between adjacent protrusions (12), and the protrusions (12) on the bottom surface of the organism positioning groove (8) are distributed in a staggered manner with the heat dissipation through holes two (11).

5. The power control box for use in the vehicle charger according to claim 4, characterized by, The end of the protrusion (12) is in the shape of a circular arc surface.

6. The power control box for use in the vehicle charger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by The box shell (1) is provided with a fan rotating head mechanism connected with the heat dissipation fan (9), the inner side wall of the box shell (1) is fixedly provided with a fan seat (13), the fan seat (13) is provided with a rotating spherical groove (14), the rotating spherical groove (14) is provided with a rotating spherical body (15), the rotating spherical body (15) and the rotating spherical groove (14) are rotationally connected, the opening diameter of the rotating spherical groove (14) is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the rotating spherical body (15), the depth of the rotating spherical groove (14) is greater than the cross-sectional radius of the rotating spherical body (15), the depth of the rotating spherical groove (14) is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the rotating spherical body (15), the rotating spherical body (15) is fixedly provided with a fan fixing head (16), the fan fixing head (16) is arranged outside the rotating spherical groove (14), the heat dissipation fan (9) is fixed on the fan fixing head (16), and the heat dissipation fan (9) is rotationally connected with the fan seat (13) through cooperation of the rotating spherical body (15) and the rotating spherical groove (14).

7. The power control box for use in the vehicle charger according to claim 6, characterized by, A plurality of fixed plates (17) are fixed on the inner side wall of the box shell (1), the fixed plates (17) are uniformly distributed in a ring shape around the heat dissipation fan (9), the fan rotating head mechanism comprises a bimetallic strip (18), one end of the bimetallic strip (18) is fixed on the fixed plate (17), and the other end of the bimetallic strip (18) is fixedly connected with the outer side wall of the heat dissipation fan (9) through a spring one (19).

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