Replaceable throat water-cooled nozzle structure

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of aerodynamic model, provide a kind of replaceable throat's water-cooled nozzle structure, including shell, shell is sequentially provided with front contraction section, throat and rear contraction section along the direction of airflow;Throat outside is equipped with water jacket, the front end of water jacket, the front end of throat and the rear end of front contraction section are connected by several first fasteners, the inner wall of water jacket and the outer wall of throat form first water channel, first water inlet and first water outlet that are connected with first water channel are provided on shell;The rear end of rear contraction section is connected with the rear end of shell, the rear end of throat and the front end of rear contraction section are positioned by hole shaft cooperation, the front end of front contraction section is connected with the front end of shell by several second fasteners.The present application can complete the replacement of throat without disassembling shell, also ensure the consistency of each assembly, and without processing water tank structure on the outer wall of throat, avoid increasing processing difficulty and the risk that throat can be caused by processing water tank to be scrapped.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aerodynamic model, in particular to a water-cooled nozzle structure with replaceable throat. BACKGROUND

[0002] The nozzle is a core component of the hypersonic wind tunnel test. During the test, the subsonic gas enters the contraction section after being stabilized in the stabilizing section, is then accelerated to the speed of sound, and then enters the throat of the nozzle. The gas is then expanded and accelerated again, and finally obtains a uniform and constant Mach number airflow at the outlet of the nozzle to meet the needs of supersonic aircraft testing.

[0003] The throat is the most important part of the nozzle, and its quality directly affects the quality of the entire nozzle. The throat has a large cross-sectional area at both ends and a small cross-sectional area in the middle. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the throat to the cross-sectional area of the nozzle outlet is a key factor in ensuring high Mach number nozzles. Generally, the size of the nozzle outlet is fixed in the same wind tunnel test section. To obtain a high Mach number, the throat area must be reduced, which poses great difficulties for processing. At the same time, the temperature of the throat of a high Mach number nozzle during testing can reach 800℃, and the pressure it withstands can reach 12Mpa. Therefore, in addition to considering strength and stiffness, the design and processing of the nozzle must also consider the cooling of the throat.

[0004] Traditional nozzle cooling methods include two types. One is external cooling, which can cause great inconvenience to the test environment. The other is to weld a shell to the outside of the nozzle, and then pass high-pressure cooling water through the cavity formed between the outer wall of the nozzle and the shell to achieve the purpose of cooling the nozzle. However, this cooling method requires welding, which not only damages the nozzle body but also may cause safety and water leakage accidents due to insecure welding.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the existing technology (such as patent documents with publication numbers “CN112727860B” and “CN104406763B”) generally assembles the throat inside the shell, processes a cooling water groove on the throat, and assembles a gasket between the throat and the shell to form a non-welding assembled water-cooled nozzle structure. However, the existing technology still requires processing a cooling water groove on the throat. As mentioned earlier, the throat is difficult to process due to its structural characteristics, and processing the throat is even more difficult. Any slight mistake in the processing process can easily cause the throat to be scrapped. In addition, the existing technology requires disassembling the shell when replacing the throat. Each time the shell is disassembled and assembled, the positioning of the throat is involved, making it difficult to maintain consistency in each assembly. SUMMARY

[0006] The application aims to provide a replaceable throat water-cooled nozzle structure to solve the technical problems of the prior art, i.e., difficulty in processing and inconsistency in assembly after replacement of the throat.

[0007] The embodiments of the application are implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A replaceable throat water-cooled nozzle structure comprises a shell, wherein a front contraction section, a throat and a rear contraction section are sequentially arranged in the airflow direction inside the shell.

[0009] A water jacket is arranged on the outer side of the throat, the front end of the water jacket, the front end of the throat and the rear end of the front contraction section are connected by a plurality of first fasteners, a first water channel is formed between the inner wall of the water jacket and the outer wall of the throat, and the shell is provided with a first water inlet and a first water outlet communicating with the first water channel.

[0010] The rear end of the rear contraction section is connected to the rear end of the shell, the rear end of the throat is positioned by hole shaft cooperation with the front end of the rear contraction section, the front end of the front contraction section is connected to the front end of the shell by a plurality of second fasteners, and after the second fasteners are disassembled, the front contraction section, the throat and the water jacket can be taken out from the front end of the shell.

[0011] Optionally, the rear end of the throat is provided with a conical surface, and the front end of the rear contraction section is provided with a conical hole matched with the conical surface.

[0012] Optionally, a plurality of support rings matched with the inner wall of the shell are arranged on the outer side of the water jacket in the axial direction.

[0013] Optionally, the cross section of the first water channel changes along with the cross section of the outer wall of the throat, the water jacket comprises a first half jacket and a second half jacket, and the two sides of the first half jacket and the second half jacket are connected by a plurality of third fasteners.

[0014] Optionally, a second water channel is formed between the inner wall of the shell and the outer wall of the rear contraction section, the second water channel is separated from the first water channel, and the shell is provided with a second water inlet and a second water outlet communicating with the second water channel.

[0015] Optionally, a plurality of the first water inlet, the first water outlet, the second water inlet and the second water outlet are arranged in the circumferential direction of the shell.

[0016] Optionally, a third water channel is formed between the inner wall of the shell and the outer wall of the front contraction section.

[0017] Optionally, the third water channel communicates with the first water channel.

[0018] Optionally, the rear end of the rear shrinkage section is provided with a positioning disc, the rear end of the shell is provided with a positioning hole matched with the positioning disc, and the rear end of the shell is connected with an expansion section for pressing the positioning disc through a plurality of fourth fasteners.

[0019] Optionally, the shell comprises a front shell body and a rear shell body, the rear end of the front shell body is positioned with the front end of the rear shell body through a shaft hole, and the front shell body is connected with the rear shell body through a plurality of fifth fasteners.

[0020] The present application has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. In the present application, the water jacket, the throat and the front shrinkage section are connected to form an integral whole through a plurality of first fasteners, the front end of the integral whole (i.e. the front end of the front shrinkage section) is connected with the shell through a plurality of second fasteners, after the second fasteners are disassembled, the integral whole can be taken out from the front end of the shell, so that the replacement of the throat can be completed without disassembling the shell, and the rear end of the integral whole (i.e. the rear end of the throat) is positioned with the front end of the rear shrinkage section through a hole shaft, so as to ensure the consistency of each assembly.

[0022] 2. The present application does not need to process a water groove structure on the outer wall of the throat, thereby avoiding the increase of processing difficulty and the risk of causing the throat to be scrapped due to processing of the water groove. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation to the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a water-cooled nozzle structure with replaceable throat provided by the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 A half-section structural schematic view of a water-cooled nozzle structure with replaceable throat provided by the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 A structural schematic view of a water-cooled nozzle structure with replaceable throat provided by the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic view of a first water channel;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic view of a second water channel;

[0029] Figure 6 A Figure 1 An enlarged view of A in FIG. 6;

[0030] Figure 7 For Figure 1 Enlarged view at B;

[0031] Figure 8 For Figure 1 Enlarged view at C;

[0032] Figure: 101- front shell, 102- rear shell, 103- expansion section, 104- fourth fastener, 105- fifth fastener, 106- water-cooled quick-change joint, 107- first sealing ring, 108- second sealing ring, 109- third sealing ring, 201- front contraction section, 202- second fastener, 203- fourth sealing ring, 204- throat, 205- first fastener, 206- water jacket, 207- fifth sealing ring, 208- sixth sealing ring, 209- rear contraction section, 210- seventh sealing ring, 211- third fastener, T1- first gap, T2- second gap, T3- first tension gap, T4- second tension gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Please refer to Figures 1-3 , a water-cooled nozzle structure with replaceable throat 204, including a shell, the shell includes a front shell 101 and a rear shell 102, the rear end of the front shell 101 and the front end of the rear shell 102 are positioned by shaft hole cooperation and connected by several fifth fasteners 105, specifically, the rear end of the front shell 101 is provided with a shaft, and the rear end of the rear shell 102 is provided with a hole matched with the shaft of the rear end of the front shell 101, and the positioning by shaft hole cooperation facilitates the guarantee of the concentricity of the front shell 101 and the rear shell 102, further, the rear end of the front shell 101 and the front end of the rear shell 102 are both provided with a connecting flange, and the front shell 101 and the rear shell 102 are pulled tight by the fifth fastener 105 (here, bolts are selected, and those skilled in the art should know that in actual application, bolts are used in cooperation with nuts, and usually, elastic washers and flat washers are also provided to improve the connection and fastening).

[0034] Reference Figure 7 , the connecting end face of the front shell 101 and the rear shell 102 is provided with a sealing structure, preferably a labyrinth seal, to improve the sealing effect, and a first sealing ring 107 is further arranged on the connecting end face as a sealing element, and the connecting end face of the front shell 101 and the rear shell 102 is provided with a first tension gap T3, which is generally 2-3 mm, to ensure that the first sealing ring 107 is reliably compressed.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 , the shell is provided with a water jacket 206 along the airflow direction Figure 1The front contraction section 201, the throat 204 and the rear contraction section 209 are sequentially arranged in the arrow direction. The rear end of the rear contraction section 209 is provided with a positioning disc, and the rear end of the shell is provided with a positioning hole matched with the positioning disc, so as to facilitate the installation and positioning of the rear contraction section 209. The rear end of the shell is connected with an expansion section 103 for pressing the positioning disc through a plurality of fourth fasteners 104. That is, the rear end of the shell is connected and pulled tightly with the expansion section through the fourth fasteners 104, and at the same time, the rear contraction section 209 is also pressed and fixed. The fourth fasteners 104 in the embodiment are also selected as bolts (likewise, those skilled in the art should know that in actual application, the bolts are used in cooperation with nuts, and usually, elastic washers and flat washers are also matched to improve the connection and fastening).

[0036] With reference to Figure 8 The contact surface between the positioning disc on the rear contraction section 209 and the expansion section 103 is provided with a sealing structure, preferably a common labyrinth seal, to improve the sealing effect. In combination with the second sealing ring 108 and the third sealing ring 109, the purpose of isolating the gas inside and outside the nozzle is finally achieved. Further, the second tension gap T4 is provided between the adjacent end surfaces of the positioning disc and the expansion section 103, and T4 is generally 2-3 mm, so as to ensure that the second sealing ring 108 and the third sealing ring 109 are reliably pressed.

[0037] With reference to Figures 1-2 The outer side of the throat 204 is provided with a water-jacket 206. The front end of the water-jacket 206, the front end of the throat 204 and the rear end of the front contraction section 201 are connected through a plurality of first fasteners 205, that is, the first fasteners 205 connect the water-jacket 206, the throat 204 and the front contraction section 201 to form an integral whole. The first fasteners 205 in the embodiment are selected as screws (likewise, those skilled in the art should know that in actual application, the screws are usually matched with elastic washers and flat washers to improve the connection and fastening).

[0038] The rear end of the throat 204 and the front end of the rear contraction section 209 are positioned through hole shaft cooperation. Specifically, the rear end of the throat 204 in the embodiment is provided with a tapered surface, and the front end of the rear contraction section 209 is provided with a tapered hole matched with the tapered surface. It is worth noting that the positioning through the tapered surface and the tapered hole facilitates the guarantee of the concentricity between the throat 204 and the rear contraction section 209, and improves the assembly precision.

[0039] The front end of the front contraction section 201 is connected with the front end of the shell by a plurality of second fasteners 202, and the second fasteners 202 in the embodiment are selected to be screws (in the same way, those skilled in the art should know that in actual application, the screws are usually also provided with elastic washers and flat washers to improve the connection fastening). The front end of the front contraction section 201 in the embodiment is provided with a connecting flange, and the inner wall of the front end of the shell is provided with a connecting step corresponding to the connecting flange. When installing, first, the water sleeve 206, the throat 204 and the front contraction section 201 are connected into an integral whole by the first fasteners 205, the integral whole is inserted from the front end of the shell, the rear end of the integral whole (i.e. the rear end of the throat 204) is positioned by hole shaft cooperation with the front end of the rear contraction section 209, and the connecting flange at the front end of the front contraction section 201 is pulled tightly on the connecting step of the inner wall of the front end of the shell by the second fasteners 202.

[0040] As can be seen from the above, the water sleeve 206, the throat 204 and the front contraction section 201 are connected into an integral whole by a plurality of first fasteners 205 in the embodiment, and the front end of the integral whole (i.e. the front end of the front contraction section 201) is connected with the shell by a plurality of second fasteners 202. After the second fasteners 202 are disassembled, the integral whole can be taken out from the front end of the shell, so that the replacement of the throat 204 can be completed without disassembling the shell, and the rear end of the integral whole (i.e. the rear end of the throat 204) is positioned by hole shaft cooperation with the front end of the rear contraction section 209, thereby ensuring the consistency of each assembly.

[0041] In addition, the integral cavity formed by the connection of the water sleeve 206, the throat 204 and the front contraction section 201 is a hole section from large to small in the airflow direction, and the corresponding part sizes are kept in cooperation, the purpose being to facilitate the installation and removal of the integral component; reference Figure 6 At the same time, a first gap T1 is provided between the outer periphery of the connecting flange of the front contraction section 201 and the inner wall of the shell, and a second gap T2 is provided between the connecting flange of the front contraction section 201 and the adjacent end face of the connecting step of the inner wall of the shell, T1 and T2 are generally 1-2 mm, the purpose of the first gap T1 being to reduce the cooperation surface to facilitate disassembly, and the purpose of the second gap T2 being to ensure that the integral whole of the water sleeve 206, the throat 204 and the front contraction section 201 has a certain amount of compression when assembled, thereby ensuring that the sealing rings between the end faces are compressed, and also facilitating the purpose of smoothing and leveling the inner profile of the nozzle.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4The first water channel is formed between the inner wall of the water jacket 206 and the outer wall of the throat 204, the first water inlet and the first water outlet are arranged on the shell and communicate with the first water channel, the third water channel is formed between the inner wall of the shell and the outer wall of the front converging section 201, the first water channel and the third water channel are communicated in the embodiment, and specifically, a plurality of water inlets are arranged on the outer side of the straight section of the front converging section 201 and the front end of the throat 204 in the circumferential direction, the front end of the water jacket 206 is provided with a water inlet hole communicating with the first water channel, and on the basis of the first water channel and the third water channel, one of the first water inlet and the first water outlet is arranged at the front end of the third water channel, and the other is arranged at the rear end of the first water channel, so that the front converging section 201 and the throat 204 are cooled by the cooling water.

[0043] Reference Figure 6 On this basis, the sealing steps are arranged between the connecting flange of the front converging section 201 and the connecting step of the inner wall of the shell and abut each other, the fourth sealing ring 203 is arranged on the sealing steps, so that the cooling water in the third water channel is prevented from leaking from the sealing steps, and further, Figure 7 The fifth sealing ring 207 is arranged between the rear end of the throat 204 and the front end of the rear converging section 209, so that the cooling water in the first water channel is prevented from leaking from the fifth sealing ring 207.

[0044] In other embodiments of the application, the first water channel and the third water channel can also be separated into two independent water channels, and on this basis, the first water channel and the third water channel are respectively provided with independent water inlets and water outlets, so that the throat 204 and the front converging section 201 can be independently cooled.

[0045] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 The cross section of the first water channel changes along with the cross section of the outer wall of the throat 204, because the flow rate of the cooling water is faster at the smaller cross section, that is, the flow rate of the cooling water is also the fastest at the smallest cross section of the throat 204, so that good cooling effect is ensured, and on this basis, the water jacket 206 comprises a first half jacket and a second half jacket, the two sides of the first half jacket and the second half jacket are connected by a plurality of third fasteners 211, that is, the water jacket 206 is made into a split type, so that the water jacket 206 is convenient to disassemble and assemble.

[0046] The water jacket 206 is in a cylindrical structure, a plurality of support rings are arranged on the outer side of the water jacket 206 in the axial direction and matched with the inner wall of the shell, the support rings are arranged, so that the water jacket 206 is supported by the shell, the strength of the water jacket 206 is improved, and the water jacket 206 is prevented from being damaged when the high-pressure cooling water flows in the first water channel.

[0047] From the above, the present application can reduce the structure as far as possible on the basis of ensuring sufficient rigidity and strength of the nozzle, facilitating the carrying and dismounting of the nozzle.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 5 The inner wall of the shell and the outer wall of the rear contraction section 209 form a second water channel, and the shell is provided with a second water inlet and a second water outlet communicating with the second water channel. It is worth noting that the temperature at the throat 204 is higher, and the temperature of the rear contraction section 209 is lower than that of the throat 204. Therefore, the second water channel is separated from the first water channel, which facilitates separate cooling of the throat 204 and the rear contraction section 209.

[0049] Reference Figure 7 The front end of the outer wall of the rear contraction section 209 is provided with a blocking ring, which abuts against the inner wall of the shell. At the same time, the blocking ring serves to separate the first water channel and the second water channel. A sixth sealing ring 208 is arranged between the blocking ring and the inner wall of the shell to prevent the cooling water in the first water channel and the second water channel from leaking. Figure 8

[0050] Reference Figure 3 The first water inlet, the first water outlet, the second water inlet and the second water outlet are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the shell, which facilitates rapid water inlet and outlet and improves the cooling effect. Moreover, the first water inlet, the first water outlet, the second water inlet and the second water outlet can be connected with the water-cooled quick-change connector 106. The connection between the water-cooled quick-change connector 106 and the shell is in the form of thread + sealing ring, avoiding welding.

[0051] In addition, the throat of the present embodiment can be processed by using a material (such as beryllium bronze) with good high-temperature resistance and thermal conductivity. During the test process, the heat in the nozzle can be quickly conducted to the high-pressure cooling water in the first water channel, avoiding damage to the throat caused by high temperature, and prolonging the service life.

[0052] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.​

Claims

1. A replaceable throat (204) water-cooled nozzle structure comprising a shell, wherein a fore-convergent section (201), a throat (204) and an after-convergent section (209) are arranged in sequence along the airflow direction in the shell, characterized in that: a water-jacket (206) is arranged outside the throat (204), the fore-end of the water-jacket (206), the fore-end of the throat (204) and the rear-end of the fore-convergent section (201) are connected by a plurality of first fasteners (205), a first water channel is formed between the inner wall of the water-jacket (206) and the outer wall of the throat (204), and the shell is provided with a first water inlet and a first water outlet communicating with the first water channel; the rear-end of the after-convergent section (209) is connected with the rear-end of the shell, the rear-end of the throat (204) is positioned with the fore-end of the after-convergent section (209) by hole shaft cooperation, the fore-end of the fore-convergent section (201) is connected with the fore-end of the shell by a plurality of second fasteners (202), and after the second fasteners (202) are disassembled, the fore-convergent section (201), the throat (204) and the water-jacket (206) can be taken out from the fore-end of the shell. The rear-end of the throat (204) is provided with a taper surface, and the fore-end of the after-convergent section (209) is provided with a taper hole matched with the taper surface.

2. The water-cooled nozzle structure of claim 1, wherein: A plurality of support rings matched with the inner wall of the shell are arranged on the outer side of the water-jacket (206) in the axial direction.

3. The water-cooled nozzle structure of claim 1, wherein: The cross section of the first water channel changes following the cross section of the outer wall of the throat (204), the water-jacket (206) comprises a first half jacket and a second half jacket, and the two sides of the first half jacket and the second half jacket are connected by a plurality of third fasteners (211).

4. The water-cooled nozzle structure of claim 1, wherein: A second water channel is formed between the inner wall of the shell and the outer wall of the after-convergent section (209), the second water channel is separated from the first water channel, and the shell is provided with a second water inlet and a second water outlet communicating with the second water channel.

5. The water-cooled nozzle structure of replaceable throat (204) according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The first water inlet, the first water outlet, the second water inlet and the second water outlet are arranged in the circumferential direction of the shell.

6. The water-cooled nozzle structure of claim 5, wherein: A third water channel is formed between the inner wall of the shell and the outer wall of the fore-convergent section (201).

7. The water-cooled nozzle structure of replaceable throat (204) according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The third water channel communicates with the first water channel.

8. The water-cooled nozzle structure of claim 7, wherein: The rear-end of the after-convergent section (209) is provided with a positioning disc, the rear-end of the shell is provided with a positioning hole matched with the positioning disc, and the rear-end of the shell is connected with an expansion section (103) for pressing the positioning disc by a plurality of fourth fasteners (104).

9. The water-cooled nozzle structure of replaceable throat (204) according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The shell comprises a front shell body (101) and a rear shell body (102), the rear-end of the front shell body (101) is positioned with the fore-end of the rear shell body (102) by shaft hole cooperation and connected by a plurality of fifth fasteners (105).

10. The water-cooled nozzle structure of replaceable throat (204) according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: ​

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