A fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device, a raw material recovery system and a method thereof

Abstract

The present invention is disclosed, belonging to the technical field of nuclear fusion raw material recovery. A cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials, a raw material recovery system and a method thereof according to the present invention include a cold trap recovery tower having a cold trap recovery chamber inside, and the cold trap recovery tower is provided with a fluid inlet, a gas outlet and a fluid outlet; a diversion recovery member vertically arranged in the cold trap recovery chamber of the cold trap recovery tower; a heating assembly for heating the diversion recovery member; at least one diversion inlet is provided above the diversion recovery member in the cold trap recovery chamber of the cold trap recovery tower, and at least one diversion outlet is provided below the diversion recovery member; the diversion inlet is opposite to the upper end of the diversion recovery member; the diversion outlet is opposite to the lower end of the diversion recovery member; along the length direction of the diversion recovery member, crystal capture members are protruded outward around its periphery. The main use of the present invention is to release the fuel particles retained in the liquid lithium and simultaneously purify the liquid lithium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion raw material recovery, and more specifically, to a fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device, a raw material recovery system and a method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Energy issues are the foundation for the maintenance and development of human civilization, and are also an eternal proposition for human society. With the rapid development of science and technology, while people are enjoying a rich material and spiritual life, they are also increasingly looking for new energy sources that can replace traditional fossil energy. Nuclear fusion has become the most promising technology to solve the energy crisis in the future because of its abundant raw materials, high production capacity, relatively safe fusion reaction devices, and low environmental pollution.

[0003] The conditions required for nuclear fusion reactions are relatively harsh, and the ion temperature must reach about 10keV (about 100 million degrees Celsius). It is impossible to contain any existing material for the reaction. The magnetic confinement tokamak uses a strong magnetic field to confine high-temperature plasma and is considered to be the most promising fusion device. However, the blanket of the tokamak device is the core component of the tokamak device. It not only contains high-temperature plasma, but also has to withstand the high heat load and electrodynamic shock caused by plasma rupture or vertical instability events, provide a neutron channel to transport heat outward, and provide the first shielding for nuclear radiation. The quality of the blanket material plays a key role in whether the plasma can discharge normally or the discharge quality. In order to meet the requirements of fusion reactions, the blanket is carefully considered in terms of structural design, material selection, sealing structure, etc. Finally, it is believed that the flowing liquid lithium blanket is one of the most effective means to solve the existing problems. The advantages of liquid lithium as a blanket material include: (1) it is a low-Z material with good compatibility with plasma; (2) it can withstand 50MW / m 2 heat load; (3) the flowing liquid lithium can protect the high-Z solid wall while taking away the heat load, preventing high-Z impurities from contaminating the plasma; (4) the flowing liquid lithium is constantly renewed and has a self-repairing function. However, since lithium is a chemically active alkaline metal, it has a strong adsorption effect on hydrogen and its isotopes, which will increase the retention of fuel particles. Therefore, how to release the fuel particles retained in the liquid lithium and purify the liquid lithium at the same time are urgent problems to be solved in the future development of liquid lithium sheathing. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device, a raw material recovery system and a method thereof, which solve the problem of how to release the fuel particles retained in liquid lithium and simultaneously realize the purification of the liquid lithium.

[0006] 2. Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials, comprising:

[0008] A cold trap recovery tower having a cold trap recovery chamber inside, with a fluid inlet and a gas outlet communicating with the cold trap recovery chamber provided at its upper end, and a fluid outlet communicating with the cold trap recovery chamber provided at its lower end; a diversion recovery member, in a rod shape, having at least one, vertically arranged in the cold trap recovery chamber of the cold trap recovery tower; a heating assembly for heating the diversion recovery member; at least one diversion inlet is provided above the diversion recovery member in the cold trap recovery chamber of the cold trap recovery tower, and at least one diversion outlet is provided below the diversion recovery member; the diversion inlet is opposite to the upper end of the diversion recovery member; the diversion outlet is opposite to the lower end of the diversion recovery member; along the length direction of the diversion recovery member, crystal capture members are protruded outward around its periphery.

[0009] Further, the free end of the crystal capture member is higher than the fixed end where the crystal capture member is connected to the diversion recovery member; the diversion recovery member is of a hollow structure, and the heating assembly is arranged in the hollow structure of the diversion recovery member.

[0010] Further, upper and lower transverse partitions are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the inner cavity of the cold trap recovery tower, and the upper and lower partitions divide the inner cavity of the cold trap recovery tower into an upper diversion cavity, a cold trap recovery cavity and a lower diversion cavity from top to bottom; the diversion inlet is opened on the upper partition, and the diversion outlet is opened on the lower partition; the fluid inlet and the gas outlet communicate with the upper diversion cavity, and the fluid outlet communicates with the lower diversion cavity.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for recycling the raw materials of a fusion reactor, which is used to recycle liquid lithium and tritium gas from the liquid lithium mixture containing lithium tritide after the reaction of the fusion reactor. The operation steps are as follows: The liquid lithium mixture containing lithium tritide flows into a raw material cold trap recycling device of a fusion reactor through the fluid inlet of a cold trap recovery tower, and drips onto the upper end of a diversion recovery pipe through the diversion inlet in the cold trap recovery chamber. The mixture flows down along the crystal capture part on the diversion recovery pipe by its own weight; during the process of flowing down, first, a heating component heats the diversion recovery pipe to the temperature at which lithium tritide can precipitate, so that lithium tritide precipitates in a crystal form and solidifies on the surface of the diversion recovery pipe or the crystal capture part; then, the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet of the cold trap recovery tower are closed, and the diversion recovery pipe is heated again to the temperature at which the lithium tritide crystal can decompose, so that the lithium tritide crystal decomposes to generate liquid lithium and tritium gas, and the tritium gas flows out from the gas outlet of the cold trap recovery tower; after all the lithium tritide crystals are decomposed, the fluid inlet and the diversion outlet are reopened, so that the purified liquid lithium flows out through the diversion outlet, and at the same time, the liquid lithium mixture containing lithium tritide enters through the fluid inlet to continue the recycling of liquid lithium and tritium gas.

[0012] The present invention also provides a raw material recycling system for a fusion reactor, which includes a blanket having a purified liquid lithium inlet and a liquid lithium outlet after reaction, and at least one raw material cold trap recycling device for a fusion reactor; the liquid lithium outlet after reaction of the blanket is connected to the fluid inlet in the raw material cold trap recycling device for a fusion reactor, and its purified liquid lithium inlet is connected to the fluid outlet in the raw material cold trap recycling device for a fusion reactor.

[0013] Further, the raw material cold trap recycling device for a fusion reactor has at least two stages, and the fluid outlet of the upper stage and the fluid inlet of the lower stage in adjacent two stages of the raw material cold trap recycling device for a fusion reactor are connected.

[0014] Further, at least one raw material cold trap recycling device for a fusion reactor is arranged side by side with the first-stage raw material cold trap recycling device connected to the liquid lithium outlet after reaction. The fluid inlets of the raw material cold trap recycling devices arranged side by side are all connected to the liquid lithium outlet after reaction, and their fluid outlets are all connected to the fluid inlet of the lower stage. Moreover, the fluid outlets of the raw material cold trap recycling devices arranged side by side are also connected to the fluid inlet of the next raw material cold trap recycling device arranged side by side with it.

[0015] Further, a centrifugal separation device is installed between the raw material cold trap recycling device for a fusion reactor and the blanket; the centrifugal separation device includes a separation chamber and a centrifuge arranged in the separation chamber; the separation chamber of the centrifugal separation device has a centrifuge inlet, a lithium tritide outlet, and a liquid lithium outlet. The centrifuge inlet is connected to the fluid outlet of the raw material cold trap recycling device for a fusion reactor, the lithium tritide outlet is connected to a lithium tritide collection tank, and the liquid lithium outlet is connected to the purified liquid lithium inlet of the blanket.

[0016] Further, it further includes a liquid lithium storage device for buffer-storing the recycled liquid lithium; the inlet of the liquid lithium storage device is communicated with the liquid lithium outlet of the centrifugal separation device, and its outlet is communicated with the purified liquid lithium inlet of the blanket; and / or, it further includes a fuel storage device for storing fuel tritium gas; the gas outlet of the cold trap recovery tower is connected to the fuel tritium gas inlet of the blanket through the fuel storage device.

[0017] The present invention also provides a usage method of a fusion reactor raw material recovery system, and its operation steps are as follows: the liquid lithium mixture containing lithium tritide generated in the blanket flows into the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device through the liquid lithium outlet after reaction; in the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device, liquid lithium and tritium gas are recovered by the fusion reactor raw material recovery method; the liquid lithium separated by the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device is further separated by the centrifugal separation device into cleaner liquid lithium and lithium tritide, the cleaner liquid lithium is sent into the blanket for reuse through the liquid lithium storage device, and the lithium tritide is stored in the lithium tritide collection tank; the tritium gas separated by the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device is sent into the blanket for reuse through the fuel storage device.

[0018] 3. Beneficial effects

[0019] Adopting the technical solution provided by the present invention, compared with the existing well-known technologies, it has the following remarkable effects:

[0020] (1) For a fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device, raw material recovery system and its method of the present invention, a diversion recovery member and a heating component are provided in the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device, and crystal capture members protruding outward are provided on the diversion recovery member. The liquid lithium flowing out of the reactor blanket flows along the diversion recovery member, and the crystal capture members increase the contact area with lithium tritide, thereby improving the collection efficiency of lithium tritide particles; at the same time, when using the heating component to heat the diversion recovery member to decompose the lithium tritide particles, the larger contact area can improve the heating efficiency, thereby saving energy.

[0021] (2) For a fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device, raw material recovery system and its method of the present invention, at least one fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device is provided in the fusion reactor raw material recovery system, and different temperatures can be set at different levels, including the crystallization temperature and the release temperature, so as to utilize the different reactions occurring at different temperatures to recover lithium tritide and fuel particles, that is, fuel tritium gas, in the liquefied lithium. Adopting such a method is more conducive to the purification and recovery of liquid lithium tritide.

[0022] (3) A lithium cold trap recycling device, a raw material recycling system and a method thereof for a fusion reactor according to the present invention further provide a centrifugal separation device for further purifying lithium hydride mixed in liquid lithium. According to the difference in the molecular weights of lithium and lithium hydride, lithium and lithium hydride are separated under the action of a centrifuge, and the purity of the liquid lithium purified by the centrifugal separation device is relatively high and can be directly used as a liquid lithium raw material to supplement the fusion reactor.

[0023] (4) A lithium cold trap recycling device, a raw material recycling system and a method thereof for a fusion reactor according to the present invention provide a liquid lithium storage device and a fuel storage device. The tritium gas after heating and decomposition can be supplemented into the fuel storage tank through the gas outlet of the lithium cold trap recycling device of the fusion reactor, and the liquid lithium storage device is used to store the recycled and purified liquid lithium. The liquid lithium storage device and the fuel storage device also have a buffering function, which can supplement fuel tritium gas into the fusion reactor in real time and supplement flowing liquid lithium into the fusion reactor in real time. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the lithium cold trap recycling device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the raw material recycling system of the fusion reactor of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the centrifugal separation device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the liquid lithium storage device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the fuel storage device of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of the reference numerals in the schematic diagram:

[0030] 1. Cold trap recovery tower;

[0031] 10. Cold trap recovery cavity; 11. Diversion recovery part;

[0032] 101. Fluid inlet; 102. Fluid outlet; 103. Upper partition; 104. Lower partition; 105. Diversion inlet; 106. Crystal capture part; 107. Heating component; 108. Gas outlet; 109. Diversion outlet;

[0033] 2. Centrifugal separation device;

[0034] 201. Centrifuge inlet; 202. Centrifuge; 203. Separation chamber; 204. Liquid lithium separation channel; 205. Lithium hydride outlet; 206. Lithium hydride collection tank; 207. Liquid lithium outlet;

[0035] 3. Liquid lithium storage device;

[0036] 301. Liquid lithium inlet valve; 302. Liquid inlet flowmeter; 303. Liquid outlet flowmeter; 304. Liquid lithium outlet valve; 305. Liquid level gauge; 306. Vacuum gauge; 307. Vacuum pump; 308. Heating unit; 309. Liquid lithium storage tank;

[0037] 4. Fuel storage device;

[0038] 401. Tritium gas inlet valve; 402. Gas inlet flowmeter; 403. Gas outlet flowmeter; 404. Tritium gas outlet valve; 405. Pressure gauge; 406. Tritium gas storage tank;

[0039] 5. Blanket;

[0040] 501. Purified liquid lithium inlet; 502. Fuel tritium gas inlet; 503. Reacted liquid lithium outlet. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] To further understand the content of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0042] Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. What is described here is only the preferred implementation manner of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can think of other ways to implement the present invention based on the preferred implementation manner, and these other ways also fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0044] As the core component of the tokamak device, the blanket 5 inputs flowing liquid lithium into the blanket 5 of the tokamak device to make the blanket meet the environmental requirements for nuclear fusion. After the nuclear fusion reaction, due to the impact of the raw material particles in the nuclear fusion, the raw material particles will remain in the liquid lithium. If the reacted liquid lithium mixture is not recycled, it will cause waste of the raw material liquid lithium. Therefore, it is necessary to purify and recycle the liquid lithium in the reacted liquid lithium mixture, and recycle the fuel particles remaining in the liquid lithium.

[0045] As Figure 1, the present invention provides a cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials, including a cold trap recovery tower 1, and a cold trap recovery cavity 10 is provided inside the cold trap recovery tower 1. A fluid inlet 101 and a gas outlet 108 communicating with the cold trap recovery cavity 10 are provided at the upper end of the cold trap recovery tower 1, and a fluid outlet 102 communicating with the cold trap recovery cavity 10 is provided at the lower end thereof.

[0046] In this embodiment, a plurality of flow guiding and recovery members 11 are vertically arranged in the cold trap recovery cavity 10 of the cold trap recovery tower, and the flow guiding and recovery members 11 are rod-shaped. It should be noted that the rod shape of the flow guiding and recovery members 11 can be a straight circular rod shape, a square rod shape or any other form; it can also be a curved rod shape; it can also be a rod shape with a thinner upper part and a thicker lower part. In addition, each shape of the flow guiding and recovery members 11 can be vertically arranged in the cold trap recovery cavity 10 or inclinedly arranged in the cold trap recovery cavity 10.

[0047] Specifically, the flow guiding and recovery member 11 is a hollow structure, and a heating component 107 is arranged inside its hollow structure, and the heating component 107 is used to heat the flow guiding and recovery member 11. The heating component 107 can be a resistance wire or a series of resistance sheets. The resistance wire or the series of resistance sheets are arranged inside the flow guiding and recovery member 11, and the resistance wire or the series of resistance sheets generate heat by being energized to heat the flow guiding and recovery member 11. In addition, the heating component 107 can be water, and a certain amount of heated water is input into the flow guiding and recovery member 11 to heat the flow guiding and recovery member 11; similarly, the heating component 107 can be gas, and a certain amount of heated gas is input into the flow guiding and recovery member 11 to heat the flow guiding and recovery member 11 through the heated gas; it can also be any other way that can realize heating the flow guiding and recovery member 11.

[0048] In this embodiment, in the cold trap recovery cavity 10 of the cold trap recovery tower, a plurality of flow guiding inlets 105 are arranged above the flow guiding and recovery members 11, and a plurality of flow guiding outlets 109 are arranged below the flow guiding and recovery members 11. Specifically, the flow guiding inlets 105 are opposite to the upper ends of the flow guiding and recovery members 11, and the flow guiding outlets 109 are opposite to the lower ends of the flow guiding and recovery members 11.

[0049] Horizontal upper partition 103 and lower partition 104 are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the inner cavity of the cold trap recovery tower 1. The upper partition 103 and the lower partition 104 divide the inner cavity of the cold trap recovery tower 1 into an upper flow guiding cavity, a cold trap recovery cavity 10 and a lower flow guiding cavity from top to bottom; the flow guiding inlets 105 are opened on the upper partition 103, and the flow guiding outlets 109 are opened on the lower partition 104; moreover, the fluid inlet 101 and the gas outlet 108 communicate with the upper flow guiding cavity, and the fluid outlet 102 communicates with the lower flow guiding cavity. The upper flow guiding cavity can buffer and distribute the liquid lithium mixture, and the lower flow guiding cavity can collect the liquid lithium.

[0050] The flow guiding and recycling member 11 is vertically arranged between the upper partition plate 103 and the lower partition plate 104, and its upper end is opposite to the flow guiding inlet 105. The upper end of each flow guiding and recycling member 11 can correspond to each flow guiding inlet 105 one by one. However, if the size of the flow guiding inlet 105 is relatively large, each flow guiding inlet 105 can correspond to the upper ends of multiple flow guiding and recycling members 11. If the size of the flow guiding inlet 105 is relatively small, the upper end of each flow guiding and recycling member 11 can correspond to multiple flow guiding inlets 105, as long as the fluid flowing in through the flow guiding inlet 105 can flow along the outer side of the flow guiding and recycling member 11. The lower end of the flow guiding and recycling member 11 is opposite to the flow guiding outlet 109, and the opposite manner here is the same as that of the upper end of the flow guiding and recycling member 11 opposite to the flow guiding inlet 105, and there is no need to limit it.

[0051] In order to delay the flow rate of the liquid lithium on the flow guiding and recycling member 11 and increase the contact area between the liquid lithium and the flow guiding and recycling member 11, on the flow guiding and recycling member 11, along the direction of its length, crystal catching members 106 are protruded outwards around it. One end of the crystal catching member 106 connected to the flow guiding and recycling member 11 is the fixed end, and the end not connected to the flow guiding and recycling member 11 is the free end. To achieve a better effect, the free end of the crystal catching member 106 is higher than its fixed end.

[0052] In this embodiment, the crystal catching member 106 can be set in various shapes. In some cases, the crystal catching member 106 is in the shape of a "needle", and from the fixed end to the free end, the diameter of the crystal catching member 106 remains unchanged or gradually decreases. To further increase the contact area of the liquid lithium, a spherical ball can be arranged at the free end and connected to the crystal catching member 106. In other cases, in the direction perpendicular to the fixed end to the free end, the cross-section of the crystal catching member 106 can be any polygon, such as a square or a rectangle. When the cross-section is a rectangle, the crystal catching member 106 can be vertically or obliquely connected to the flow guiding and recycling member 11.

[0053] To illustrate how to recover liquid lithium and fuel tritium gas from the liquid lithium mixture after the reaction, the present invention provides a method for recovering raw materials of a fusion reactor, which is used to recover liquid lithium and tritium gas from the liquid lithium mixture containing lithium tritide after the reaction of the fusion reactor. A cold trap recovery device for raw materials of a fusion reactor is adopted. The specific steps are as follows: The liquid lithium mixture containing lithium tritide flows into a cold trap recovery device for raw materials of a fusion reactor through the fluid inlet 101 of the cold trap recovery tower 1, and is shunted through the diversion inlet 105 in the cold trap recovery chamber 10 and drips to the upper end of the diversion recovery pipe 11. The mixture slides down along the crystal capture member 106 on the diversion recovery pipe 11 by its own weight; the heating assembly 107 heats the diversion recovery pipe 11 to the temperature at which lithium tritide can precipitate, so that lithium tritide precipitates in a crystal form and solidifies on the surface of the diversion recovery pipe 11 or the crystal capture member 106; then the fluid inlet 101 and the fluid outlet 102 of the cold trap recovery tower 1 are closed, and the diversion recovery pipe 11 is heated again to the temperature at which the lithium tritide crystal can decompose, so that the lithium tritide crystal decomposes to generate liquid lithium and tritium gas, and the tritium gas flows out from the gas outlet 108 of the cold trap recovery tower 1; after all the lithium tritide crystals are decomposed, the fluid inlet 101 and the diversion outlet 102 are reopened, so that the purified liquid lithium flows out through the diversion outlet 102, and at the same time, the liquid lithium mixture containing lithium tritide enters through the fluid inlet 101 to continue the recovery of liquid lithium and tritium gas.

[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment, the liquid lithium containing lithium tritide flows into a cold trap recovery device for raw materials of a fusion reactor through the fluid inlet 101, drips to the diversion recovery pipe 11 through the diversion inlet 105, and during the process of dripping downward along the diversion recovery pipe 11, the heating assembly 107 heats the diversion recovery pipe 11, and the heating temperature reaches 200 - 250 °C. Because the solubility of lithium tritide in the liquid lithium at this temperature is relatively low, most of the lithium tritide precipitates in a crystal form and solidifies on the surface of the diversion recovery pipe 11 or the crystal capture member 106. When the crystal capture ability of the diversion recovery pipe 11 or the crystal capture member 106 is insufficient, the fluid inlet 101 and the fluid outlet 102 of the cold trap recovery tower 1 are closed, and the diversion recovery pipe 11 is heated again, and the heating temperature reaches 500 °C - 700 °C. At this temperature, the lithium tritide crystal decomposes to generate liquid lithium and tritium gas, and the tritium gas flows out from the gas outlet 108 of the cold trap recovery tower 1; after all the lithium tritide crystals are decomposed, the fluid inlet 101 and the diversion outlet 102 are reopened, so that the purified liquid lithium flows out through the diversion outlet 102, and at the same time, the liquid lithium mixture containing lithium tritide enters through the fluid inlet 101 to continue the recovery of liquid lithium and tritium gas.

[0055] During the operation of the fusion reactor, the flowing liquid lithium operates in the blanket, and the liquid lithium flows out of the fusion reactor from the upper part of the fusion reactor along the wall surface of the blanket from top to bottom. Because the liquid lithium is bombarded by the fuel plasma, it is necessary to recover the fuel and purify the liquid lithium. To achieve this purpose, asFigure 2 , the present invention also provides a fusion reactor raw material recovery system, including a blanket 5 having a purified liquid lithium inlet 501, a fuel tritium gas inlet 502 and a post-reaction liquid lithium outlet 503, wherein the post-reaction liquid lithium outlet 503 is connected to a fluid inlet 101 in a fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device, and its purified liquid lithium inlet 501 is connected to a fluid outlet 102 in the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device.

[0056] In some cases, a primary fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device is provided in the fusion reactor raw material recovery system. In other cases, a multi-stage fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device is provided in the fusion reactor raw material recovery system, and the fluid outlet 102 of the upper stage is connected to the fluid inlet 101 of the lower stage in adjacent two-stage fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery devices.

[0057] In some cases, at least one fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device is arranged side by side with the first-stage fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device connected to the post-reaction liquid lithium outlet 503. The fluid inlets 101 of the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery devices arranged side by side are all connected to the post-reaction liquid lithium outlet 503, their fluid outlets 102 are all connected to the fluid inlet 101 of the next stage, and the fluid outlet 102 of the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device arranged side by side is also connected to the fluid inlet 101 of the next fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device arranged side by side with it.

[0058] Specifically, in one embodiment, a three-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials is provided in the fusion reactor raw material recovery system. The first-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials and the second-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials are arranged side by side, and their fluid inlets 101 are both connected to the outlet 503 of the liquid lithium after reaction, and their fluid outlets 102 are both connected to the fluid inlet 101 of the third-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials. Moreover, the fluid outlet 102 of the first-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials is also connected to the fluid inlet 101 of the second-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials. The liquid lithium containing lithium tritide enters the first-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials from the outlet 503 of the liquid lithium after reaction to purify the liquid lithium and recover tritium gas. When the ability of the first-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials to purify the liquid lithium and recover tritium gas is insufficient, the fluid inlet 101 and the diversion outlet 102 of the first-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials are closed, and the fluid inlet 101 and the diversion outlet 102 of the second-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials are opened to allow the mixed liquid to enter the second-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials; when the ability of the second-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials to purify the liquid lithium and recover tritium gas is insufficient, the diversion outlet 102 of the first-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials and the fluid inlet 101 of the third-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials are opened to enable the mixed liquid to flow from the first-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials into the first-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials. Thus, the mixed liquid passing through the first-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials, or the mixed liquid passing through the second-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials, or the mixed liquid passing through the first-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials and the second-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials enters the third-stage cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials to purify the liquid lithium and recover tritium gas again. The mixed liquid flows through multiple stages to improve the purification efficiency of the liquid lithium in the mixed liquid and the recovery efficiency of tritium gas.

[0059] In some embodiments, since the liquid lithium mixture containing lithium tritide will contain a small amount of lithium tritide after being purified by the cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials, a centrifugal separation device 2 is provided in the fusion reactor raw material recovery system for further purifying the mixed liquid. The centrifugal separation device 2 is connected between the cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials and the blanket 5. The centrifugal separation device 2 includes a separation chamber 203 and a centrifuge 202 provided in the separation chamber 203. The separation chamber 203 has a centrifuge inlet 201, a lithium tritide outlet 205, and a liquid lithium outlet 207. The centrifuge inlet 201 communicates with the fluid outlet 102 of the cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials, the lithium tritide outlet 205 communicates with the lithium tritide collection tank 206, and the liquid lithium outlet 207 communicates with the purified liquid lithium inlet 501 of the blanket 5. The separation chamber 203 is connected to the liquid lithium outlet 207 through a liquid lithium separation channel 204 and is connected to the lithium tritide collection tank 206 through the lithium tritide outlet 205.

[0060] The mixed liquid enters the separation chamber 203 from the centrifuge inlet 201. Due to the difference in the molecular weights of lithium and lithium tritide, under the action of the centrifuge 202, the liquid lithium and lithium tritide in the mixed liquid are separated. Moreover, the purity of the liquid lithium purified by the centrifugal separation device is relatively high and can be directly used as liquid lithium raw material to supplement the fusion reactor. The separated liquid lithium enters the liquid lithium outlet 207 through the liquid lithium separation channel 204 and can directly enter the blanket 5 for reuse. The separated lithium tritide enters the lithium tritide collection tank 206 through the lithium tritide outlet 205 for collection.

[0061] In some embodiments, in the fusion reactor raw material recovery system, since the amount of recycled and purified liquid lithium is more than the amount of liquid lithium used in the blanket, a liquid lithium storage device 3 is provided in the system to buffer and store the recycled liquid lithium. When liquid lithium needs to be injected into the blanket 5, the liquid lithium buffered and stored in the liquid lithium storage device 3 is input into the blanket 5. The inlet of the liquid lithium storage device 3 is connected to the liquid lithium outlet 207 of the centrifugal separation device 2. The outlet of the liquid lithium storage device 3 is connected to the purified liquid lithium inlet 501 of the blanket 5.

[0062] Similarly, in some embodiments, since the amount of recycled fuel tritium gas is more than the amount of tritium gas used in the reactor, a fuel storage device 4 is provided in the system to buffer and store the recycled tritium gas. When tritium gas needs to be injected into the reactor, the tritium gas buffered and stored in the fuel storage device 4 is input into the reactor. The gas outlet 108 of the cold trap recovery tower is connected to the fuel tritium gas inlet 502 of the blanket through the fuel storage device 4.

[0063] In other embodiments, a liquid lithium storage device 3 and a fuel storage device 4 can be provided in the fusion reactor raw material recovery system. The installation positions and connection modes of the liquid lithium storage device 3 and the fuel storage device 4 are the same as those described above and will not be elaborated here.

[0064] Such as Figure 4, the liquid lithium storage device 3 includes a liquid lithium storage tank 309 and a heating unit 308 provided on the liquid lithium storage tank 309. The liquid lithium storage tank 309 is provided with a storage tank inlet and a storage tank outlet communicated therewith. The storage tank inlet is connected to the liquid lithium inlet valve 301, and the storage tank outlet is connected to the liquid lithium outlet valve 304. To detect the flow rate of liquid lithium entering and leaving, a liquid inlet flowmeter 302 is also provided on the storage tank inlet, and a liquid outlet flowmeter 303 is provided on the storage tank outlet. In addition, for the convenience of control, a liquid level gauge 305, a vacuum gauge 306 and a vacuum pump 307 are also provided on the liquid lithium storage tank 309. The liquid lithium inlet valve 301 is connected to the liquid lithium outlet 207 of the centrifugal separation device 2 through a pipeline, and the liquid lithium outlet valve 304 is connected to the purified liquid lithium inlet 501 of the blanket 5 through a pipeline. The liquid level gauge 305 is used to detect the liquid level of the liquid lithium storage tank 309; the vacuum gauge 306 is used to detect the vacuum degree of the liquid lithium storage tank 309. If the vacuum degree is higher than 1E-4 Pa, the liquid lithium storage tank vacuum pump 307 is started to ensure that the vacuum degree of the liquid lithium storage tank 309 is lower than 1E-4 Pa to prevent danger; the heating unit 308 is used to ensure the temperature of the liquid lithium storage tank 309 to prevent the liquid lithium in the liquid lithium storage tank 309 from solidifying.

[0065] As Figure 5 , the fuel storage device 4 includes a tritium gas storage tank 406 and a gas inlet and a fuel outlet communicated therewith. A tritium gas inlet valve 401 and a gas inlet flowmeter 402 are provided at the gas inlet, and a tritium gas outlet valve 404 and a gas outlet flowmeter 403 are provided at the fuel outlet. To monitor the gas pressure in the tritium gas storage tank 406, a pressure gauge 405 is also provided on the tritium gas storage tank 406. The tritium gas inlet valve 401 is connected to the gas outlet 108 through a pipeline, and the gas inlet flowmeter 402 and the gas outlet flowmeter 403 detect the tritium gas flow rate in and out of the tritium gas storage tank 406; the tritium gas outlet valve 404 is connected to the fuel tritium inlet 502 of the blanket through a pipeline.

[0066] Specifically, in the application, the purified liquid lithium inlet 501 on the cladding 5 is connected to the storage tank outlet of the liquid lithium storage device 3 through the liquid lithium outlet valve 304. The fuel tritium gas inlet 502 is connected to the fuel outlet of the fuel storage device 4 through the tritium gas outlet valve 404. The reacted liquid lithium outlet 503 is connected to the fluid inlet 101. When the fusion reactor lacks fuel, the tritium gas outlet valve 404 connecting the fuel storage device 4 to the fusion reactor is opened, and tritium gas is provided from the tritium gas storage tank 406 of the fuel storage device to ensure the fuel supply of the fusion reactor and guarantee the normal operation of the fusion reactor. When the flowing liquid lithium cladding lacks liquid lithium, the liquid lithium outlet valve 304 connecting the liquid lithium storage device 3 to the fusion reactor is opened, and liquid lithium is provided from the liquid lithium storage tank 309 of the liquid lithium storage device 3 to ensure the supply of liquid lithium in the flowing liquid lithium cladding and guarantee the normal operation of the flowing liquid lithium cladding.

[0067] To illustrate the usage mode of the fusion reactor raw material recovery system, the present invention provides a usage method using the fusion reactor raw material recovery system. Specifically, its operation steps are as follows: The liquid lithium mixed solution containing lithium tritide generated in the cladding 5 flows into the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device through the reacted liquid lithium outlet 503. In the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device, liquid lithium and tritium gas are recovered through the fusion reactor raw material recovery method. The liquid lithium separated by the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device is further separated by the centrifugal separation device 2 into cleaner liquid lithium and lithium tritide. The cleaner liquid lithium is sent into the cladding 5 through the liquid lithium storage device 3 for reuse, and the lithium tritide is stored in the lithium tritide collection tank 206. The tritium gas separated by the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device is sent into the cladding 5 through the fuel storage device 4 for reuse.

[0068] The above has schematically described the present invention and its implementation manners. This description is not restrictive, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the implementation manners of the present invention. The actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it and, without departing from the gist of the present invention creation, design similar structural manners and embodiments to this technical solution without creative efforts, they shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials, characterized in that, Comprising: A cold trap recovery tower (1) with a cold trap recovery chamber (10) inside. A fluid inlet (101) and a gas outlet (108) communicating with the cold trap recovery chamber (10) are arranged near the upper end, and a fluid outlet (102) communicating with the cold trap recovery chamber (10) is arranged near the lower end; A diversion recovery member (11), which is rod-shaped and has at least one. It is vertically arranged in the cold trap recovery chamber (10) of the cold trap recovery tower; A heating assembly (107) for heating the diversion recovery member (11); At least one diversion inlet (105) is arranged above the diversion recovery member (11) in the cold trap recovery chamber (10) of the cold trap recovery tower, and at least one diversion outlet (109) is arranged below the diversion recovery member (11); The diversion inlet (105) is opposite to the upper end of the diversion recovery member (11); The diversion outlet (109) is opposite to the lower end of the diversion recovery member (11); Along the length direction of the diversion recovery member (11), crystal capture members (106) are protruded outward around its circumference.

2. The cold trap recovery device for the fusion reactor raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The free end of the crystal capture member (106) is higher than the fixed end where the crystal capture member (106) is connected to the diversion recovery member (11); The diversion recovery member (11) is a hollow structure, and the heating assembly (107) is arranged in the hollow structure of the diversion recovery member (11).

3. A cold trap recovery device for fusion reactor raw materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Upper and lower transverse partitions (103) and (104) are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the inner cavity of the cold trap recovery tower (1). The upper partition (103) and the lower partition (104) divide the inner cavity of the cold trap recovery tower (1) into an upper diversion cavity, a cold trap recovery chamber (10), and a lower diversion cavity from top to bottom; The diversion inlet (105) is opened on the upper partition (103), and the diversion outlet (109) is opened on the lower partition (104); The fluid inlet (101) and the gas outlet (108) communicate with the upper diversion cavity, and the fluid outlet (102) communicates with the lower diversion cavity.

4. A method for recovering raw materials of a fusion reactor, which is used to recover liquid lithium and tritium gas from the liquid lithium mixture containing lithium hydride after the reaction of the fusion reactor. The operation steps are as follows: A liquid lithium mixture containing lithium hydride flows into a fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device through the fluid inlet (101) of the cold trap recovery tower (1), and drips onto the upper end of the diversion recovery pipe (11) through the diversion inlet (105) in the cold trap recovery chamber (10). The mixture slides down along the crystal capture member (106) on the diversion recovery pipe (11) by its own weight; during the downward sliding process of the mixture, first, the heating component (107) heats the diversion recovery pipe (11) to the temperature at which lithium hydride can precipitate, so that lithium hydride precipitates in crystal form and solidifies on the surface of the diversion recovery pipe (11) or the crystal capture member (106); then, the fluid inlet (101) and the fluid outlet (102) of the cold trap recovery tower (1) are closed, and the diversion recovery pipe (11) is heated again to the temperature at which lithium hydride crystals can decompose, so that the lithium hydride crystals decompose to generate liquid lithium and tritium gas, and the tritium gas flows out from the gas outlet (108) of the cold trap recovery tower (1); after all the lithium hydride crystals are decomposed, the fluid inlet (101) and the diversion outlet (102) are reopened, so that the purified liquid lithium flows out through the diversion outlet (102), and at the same time, the liquid lithium mixture containing lithium hydride enters through the fluid inlet (101) to continue the recovery of liquid lithium and tritium gas.

5. A fusion reactor raw material recovery system, comprising a blanket (5) having a purified liquid lithium inlet (501) and a post-reaction liquid lithium outlet (503), characterized in that: It further includes at least one fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device according to any one of claims 1 - 4; the post-reaction liquid lithium outlet (503) of the cladding (5) is connected to the fluid inlet (101) in the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device, and its purified liquid lithium inlet (501) is connected to the fluid outlet (102) in the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device.

6. A fusion reactor raw material recovery system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device has at least two stages, and the fluid outlet (102) of the upper stage in adjacent two stages of the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device is connected to the fluid inlet (101) of the lower stage.

7. A fusion reactor raw material recovery system according to claim 6, characterized in that: At least one fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device is arranged side by side with the first-stage fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device connected to the post-reaction liquid lithium outlet (503). The fluid inlets (101) of the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery devices arranged side by side are all connected to the post-reaction liquid lithium outlet (503), and their fluid outlets (102) are all connected to the fluid inlet (101) of the lower stage. Moreover, the fluid outlets (102) of the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery devices arranged side by side are also connected to the fluid inlet (101) of the next fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device arranged side by side with it.

8. A fusion reactor raw material recycling system according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that: An electrostatic separator (2) is installed between the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device and the blanket (5); the electrostatic separator (2) includes a separation chamber (203) and a centrifuge (202) disposed within the separation chamber (203); the separation chamber (203) of the electrostatic separator (2) has a centrifuge inlet (201), a lithium tritide outlet (205), and a liquid lithium outlet (207), the centrifuge inlet (201) communicates with the fluid outlet (102) of the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device, the lithium tritide outlet (205) communicates with a lithium tritide collection tank (206), and the liquid lithium outlet (207) communicates with the purified liquid lithium inlet (501) of the blanket (5).

9. A fusion reactor raw material recovery system according to claim 8, characterized in that: It further includes a liquid lithium storage device (3) for buffer storage of the recovered liquid lithium; the inlet of the liquid lithium storage device (3) communicates with the liquid lithium outlet (207) of the electrostatic separator (2), and its outlet communicates with the purified liquid lithium inlet (501) of the blanket (5); and / or, it further includes a fuel storage device (4) for storing fuel tritium gas; the gas outlet (108) of the cold trap recovery tower is connected to the fuel tritium gas inlet (502) of the blanket through the fuel storage device (4).

10. A method of using the fusion reactor raw material recovery system according to claim 9, the operating steps of which are as follows: the liquid lithium mixture containing lithium tritide generated within the blanket (5) flows into the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device through the liquid lithium outlet (503) after reaction; in the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device, liquid lithium and tritium gas are recovered by the fusion reactor raw material recovery method according to claim 4; the liquid lithium separated by the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device is further separated by the electrostatic separator (2) into cleaner liquid lithium and lithium tritide, the cleaner liquid lithium is sent into the blanket (5) through the liquid lithium storage device (3) for reuse, and the lithium tritide is stored in the lithium tritide collection tank (206); the tritium gas separated by the fusion reactor raw material cold trap recovery device is sent into the blanket (5) through the fuel storage device (4) for reuse.

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