A method for promoting high yield of Kyoho grapes by using base stock and interstock combination

Abstract

The present application provides a method for promoting the high yield of Kyoho grapes by using a base stock and an intermediate stock combination, 1) in spring, the scion of Kyoho grapes is grafted onto the intermediate stock, and the intermediate stock is grafted onto the base stock, the intermediate stock is selected from Sakata Yoshitomo grape stock, and the base stock is selected from SO4 grape stock; 2) field management includes checking survival and grafting, shaping and pruning, soil management, fertilizer management, water management, and pest and disease management; a Sakata Yoshitomo intermediate stock variety suitable for Kyoho grafting SO4 is found, which can effectively control the tree body and regulate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and compared with the conventional Kyoho scion directly grafted onto SO4 stock, the flower bud flowering rate, fruit size and fruit weight are increased by 28.8%, 39.7% and 68.9%, which promotes the improvement of Kyoho fruit yield and quality; it has good grafting affinity, and the base stock, intermediate stock and Kyoho scion are grafted at the same time, shortening the grafting time by 30 days, increasing the grafting survival rate by 20%, extending the growth time by 30 days, and increasing the growth amount by more than double.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of grape tree grafting, and in particular to a method for grafting Kyoho grapes using SO4 grape rootstock as a base rootstock and Sakata Yoshitomo grape rootstock as an intermediate rootstock to promote high yield of Kyoho grapes and improve fruit quality. Background Art

[0002] As the main grape variety in my country, Kyoho grapes are widely planted in more than a dozen major grape producing areas, including Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, etc. However, Kyoho grapes have weak rooting ability when planted from their own roots, and the spread and occurrence of soil-borne pests and diseases such as phylloxera and white rot have seriously restricted the development of my country's Kyoho grape industry.

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned unfavorable factors such as difficulty in rooting and poor stress resistance of Kyoho self-rooted seedlings, selecting excellent multi-resistant rootstocks as base rootstocks for grafting is the most economical and effective means. As one of the excellent multi-resistant rootstocks in the world, SO4 grape rootstock has the advantages of easy rooting of cuttings, strong resistance to environmental stress and strong resistance to biological stress, which can effectively overcome the above-mentioned various unfavorable factors of Kyoho self-rooted seedlings. Therefore, SO4 is often used as a rootstock to directly graft Kyoho in production. However, since SO4 grape rootstock and Kyoho grapes are both varieties with vigorous growth, it is easy to cause imbalance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth during the management process, resulting in a series of problems such as poor flower bud differentiation, decreased fruit setting rate and fruit yield, excessive vegetative growth, decreased fruit sugar content, difficulty in fruit coloring, and decreased fruit quality.

[0004] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

[0005] (1) At present, the occurrence of soil-borne pests and diseases such as phylloxera and white rot, as well as the influence of various adverse environmental factors such as land salinization, have seriously restricted the development of my country's Kyoho grape industry. It is urgent to select suitable high-quality multi-resistant rootstocks as the base rootstock for grafting;

[0006] (2) The grafting of Kyoho grapes onto the excellent multi-resistant SO4 rootstock is prone to cause imbalance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, resulting in a series of problems such as poor flower bud differentiation, decreased fruit quality and yield.

[0007] Therefore, (1) screening out suitable varieties that can perfectly adapt to the SO4 grape rootstock and the Kyoho grape scion, and can effectively control the tree body, regulate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and improve fruit yield and quality; (2) standardizing the grafting process to ensure a high grafting survival rate and seedling consistency rate are technical problems that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for promoting the high yield of Kyoho grapes by adopting a base stock and an intermediate stock combination, and particularly relates to a method for grafting Kyoho grapes using an SO4 grape stock as a base stock and a Sakata Yoshitomo grape stock as an intermediate stock, aiming to solve a series of problems caused by conventional Kyoho grapes being grafted onto the SO4 grape stock, such as the uncoordinated vegetative growth and reproductive growth, poor flower bud differentiation, decreased fruit yield and quality, and poor coloring.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0010] A method for promoting the high yield of Kyoho grapes by using a base stock and an intermediate stock combination, comprising the following steps performed in sequence:

[0011] 1) In spring, grafting the scion of Kyoho grapes onto the middle stock, and grafting the middle stock onto the base stock, the middle stock is selected from Sakata Yoshitomo grape stock, and the base stock is selected from SO4 grape stock;

[0012] 2) Field management includes checking survival and grafting, shaping and pruning, soil management, fertilizer management, water management, and pest and disease management.

[0013] Preferably, in step 1), the preparation before grafting and the grafting time are in spring when the temperature is 15°C-25°C.

[0014] Preferably, in step 1), the scion is selected from semi-lignified 1-year-old Kyoho branches with a diameter of 0.7-0.9 cm, vigorous growth, full buds, no diseases and insect pests, and no mechanical damage;

[0015] The base rootstock is selected from semi-lignified branches with a diameter of 0.7-0.9 cm, vigorous growth, and no mechanical damage, which sprout from a healthy, disease-free, perennial SO4 grape rootstock tree.

[0016] Preferably, in step 1), the intermediate rootstock is cut from a one-year-old Sakata Yoshitomo grape rootstock with a diameter of 0.7-0.9 cm and a length of 20 cm.

[0017] Preferably, in step 1), the grafting method is specifically:

[0018] Grafting of scion and middle stock: Use a grafting knife to split the smooth surface of the middle stock to form a 3.5 cm long interface, cut a section of the scion into a double-sided horse ear-shaped inclined surface, insert it into the middle stock interface, align the cambium of the scion with the cambium of the middle stock, and wrap it tightly with a grafting film;

[0019] Grafting of intermediate stock and base stock: After the grafting of scion and intermediate stock is completed, the smooth surface of the base stock is immediately split with a grafting knife to form a 3.5 cm long interface. A section of the grafted intermediate stock is cut into a double-sided horse ear-shaped slope and inserted into the base stock interface. The cambium of the scion intermediate stock is aligned with the cambium of the base stock. Wrap and tie it tightly with grafting film. The two grafting steps of scion and intermediate stock, and intermediate stock and base stock are completed simultaneously.

[0020] Preferably, in step 2), the specific method for checking survival and re-grafting is: 20 days after grafting, if the scion is still fresh and callus tissue has appeared at the interface, it has survived; otherwise, re-grafting should be carried out in time;

[0021] The specific shaping and pruning are:

[0022] 6.1) Bud removal and shoot determination: After the graft is established, remove the suckers in time to prevent the consumption of nutrients and the disruption of the tree shape. At the same time, remove the weak buds or double buds that are not growing well above the grafting point, and select one or two buds with good positions and fullness to develop into future plants. Leave two new shoots in advance, and cut off the unwanted new shoots after the scaffolding is erected;

[0023] 6.2) Main shoot pinching: The growth period of grapes in the north is short, and the tree growth is limited. The growth of branches and vines in the same year is only 1 to 2 meters. The main shoots are pinched 1 to 2 times. They are both main vines and fruit-bearing mother branches for the next year's fruiting.

[0024] When cultivated in facilities in the north, by extending the growth period and strengthening fertilizer and water management, the branches and vines grow to 3 to 4 meters in the same year, and the main shoots are pinched twice in the same year; the first time is to induce the growth of secondary shoots and cultivate secondary shoot fruiting mother branches or extended shoots; the second time is to pinch the extended shoots to achieve early high yields in the following year;

[0025] Two months before the frost period, that is, from late July to early August, the main shoots should be forcibly topped for the last time to promote the thickening and lignification of the tree.

[0026] 6.3) Pinch the lateral shoots: Due to the effect of apical dominance, when the top lateral shoots grow vigorously and gradually weaken downwards, the top lateral shoots should be pinched several times to leave more lateral shoots and leaves, so as to moderate the tree vigor, promote nutrient accumulation, and accelerate the formation of the tree.

[0027] First pinching: except for the 2-3 side shoots at the top, the other side shoots at the bottom are pinched after leaving one leaf, and the 2-3 side shoots at the top are called primary side shoots;

[0028] Second pinching: pinch off the top of the primary secondary shoot with 3 to 5 leaves to form a secondary secondary shoot, and continue to extend. Leave one leaf on the remaining secondary shoots on the primary secondary shoot and continue pinching.

[0029] The third pinching: continue to pinch 3 to 5 leaves on the top of the secondary side shoots, and the other treatments are the same as above;

[0030] As the growth period prolongs, multiple lateral shoots are formed. Refer to this method for cyclic pinching treatment. In the future, the tree extension shoots will also be pinched and lateral shoots will be treated according to this method.

[0031] During winter pruning, all the secondary shoots produced by the first pinching of the top extension shoots should be cut off;

[0032] 6.4) Winter pruning: The cuts of pruning shears should be smooth and perpendicular to the branches. The cuts should be 2 to 3 cm away from the remaining buds to avoid damaging the remaining buds.

[0033] During winter pruning, the pruning height or branch length should be carried out according to the growth potential of the tree that year, and the diameter of the cut should reach 0.6-0.8 cm, and the cut should be bright green and intact;

[0034] The pruning height of the northern facility trellis is only 80 to 100 cm, forming a single or double trunk.

[0035] In the south, greenhouse grapes are extended through shaping methods, reaching a length of 3 to 8 meters, and are cultivated into main trunks, main vines and extended shoots.

[0036] Preferably, in step 2), soil management specifically includes:

[0037] Covering: Covering materials are mulch film, wheat straw, wheat bran, corn straw, and rice straw. In spring, cover with black mulch film, and in summer and autumn, cover with wheat straw, wheat bran, corn straw, and rice straw. Depending on the soil quality and grass quantity, cover 1,500 kg or more per mu, with a thickness of 15 to 20 cm, and press the soil on top. Deep plowing is combined with fertilization in autumn every year;

[0038] Deep plowing: When new shoots stop growing and in combination with autumn fertilization, deep plowing should be carried out. 40 to 50 cm away from the main trunk, deep plowing should be carried out manually or mechanically to 20 to 30 cm between rows, between plants, or every other row. Water in time after autumn fertilization.

[0039] Preferably, in step 2), fertilizer management is specifically as follows:

[0040] Base fertilizer: In autumn, mainly organic fertilizer, mixed with superphosphate, accounting for 60% to 80% of the total annual fertilizer application, using the method of furrow application or hole application;

[0041] Germination fertilizer: Apply before grapes sprout, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and use drip irrigation high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 8kg / 667m 2 ;

[0042] Pre-flowering fertilizer: Apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers 20 days after germination, and spray high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer 8kg / 667m 2 ;

[0043] Fruit-swelling fertilizer: In the early stage of fruit growth, compound fertilizer is mainly used, with 15-20kg of compound fertilizer applied per mu, 5-10kg of urea, and 3-5kg of potassium sulfate. After the fruit is colored, potassium fertilizer is mainly used, combined with phosphorus fertilizer, with 1.3-1.5kg of high-potassium fertilizer per mu.

[0044] Preferably, in step 2), the moisture management is specifically as follows:

[0045] Germination water: Water once before unearthing and putting on the shelf until 10 days before germination, combined with topdressing;

[0046] Flower-promoting water: Water 1-2 times from budding to before flowering to promote leaf growth and inflorescence differentiation. The soil should maintain 65%-75% of the field water holding capacity. Do not water during the flowering period.

[0047] After fruit setting until the end of the berry hard core stage: Combine fertilization with increased irrigation, and keep the soil at 70% of the field water holding capacity;

[0048] Berry color change period: strictly control irrigation, keep soil moisture at 60% to 65% of field water holding capacity, and drain in time in case of rain;

[0049] After harvesting: water once in combination with applying basal fertilizer;

[0050] Freezing water: Water thoroughly before the soil freezes.

[0051] Preferably, in step 2), pest management specifically includes:

[0052] Prevention is the priority, and comprehensive control is adopted. Comprehensive management measures combining biological and chemical measures are adopted. During the dormant period, the garden is thoroughly cleaned in combination with winter pruning. Diseased fruits and ears are cut off, and dead branches and leaves on the ground are cleared. Insect-proof nets, insect-attracting lamps, and sex attractants are installed in the shed. During the growing season, downy mildew, gray mold, and green stink bug diseases and insect pests are controlled. For downy mildew, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600-800 times or 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 800-1000 times is used. For gray mold, 80% mancozeb wettable powder 600-800 times is used for control. During this period, Bordeaux mixture with a ratio of 1:1:200 is used for intermittent use for control management.

[0053] For field insect pest control, use 4000-5000 times 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate.

[0054] The present invention has achieved the following beneficial technical effects:

[0055] The present invention compares the effects of different interstocks on Kyoho / SO4 grapes, and finds a Sakata Yoshitomo interstock variety suitable for Kyoho grafting; the results show that using Sakata Yoshitomo as the interstock of Kyoho / SO4 can effectively control the tree body and regulate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth; compared with conventional Kyoho as scion directly grafted onto SO4 rootstock, using Sakata Yoshitomo interstock can increase the flower bud flowering rate by 28.8%, the fruit size by 39.7%, and the fruit weight by 68.9%, which significantly promotes the improvement of Kyoho fruit yield and quality;

[0056] The Sakata Yoshitomo grape rootstock and interstock selected by the present invention have good grafting affinity with the SO4 grape rootstock and Kyoho grape, which effectively reduces the death problem caused by the incompatibility of the rootstock and scion during the grafting production process;

[0057] The technology of the present invention completes the grafting of the base stock, the intermediate stock and the Kyoho scion at the same time, and cultivates a "three-in-one" grafted plant with SO4 as the base stock, Sakata Yoshitomo as the intermediate stock and Kyoho as the scion. Compared with the conventional technology of grafting the intermediate stock after the base stock sprouts and grafting the scion after the intermediate stock sprouts, the technology can effectively shorten the grafting time by 30 days, increase the grafting survival rate by 20%, extend the growth time by 30 days, and increase the growth amount by more than double, thus providing a new method for achieving high-quality and efficient production of Kyoho grapes.

[0058] The invention adopts SO4 grape rootstock large tree head grafting, which can realize SO4 grape rootstock high grafting and Kyoho grape replacement. Compared with conventional SO4 seed cuttings and seedling cultivation, and then planting and garden construction, a series of operations such as seed cuttings and seedling planting management are omitted, and rapid renewal of varieties in vineyards can be achieved, which is conducive to the promotion of Kyoho grape industry.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the present invention effectively controls the growth of Kyoho grapes and SO4 grape rootstocks, promotes flower bud differentiation, and improves fruit yield and quality, thereby increasing the economic benefits of growers; the one-time grafting technology is used, which is simple to operate and easy to use, and anyone engaged in grape production can complete the work independently after simple training;

[0060] The intermediate rootstock Sakata Yoshitomo grape rootstock of the invention can effectively adjust the balance between the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of Kyoho grapes and SO4 grape rootstocks, reduce the management difficulty of Kyoho grape production, achieve high-quality and efficient production of Kyoho grapes, increase farmers' income and planting enthusiasm, and have important significance for the development of the Kyoho grape industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a grafting method in a method for promoting high yield of Kyoho grapes by using a base stock and an intermediate stock combination provided by the present invention (before grafting);

[0062] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of a grafting method in a method for promoting high yield of Kyoho grapes by using a base stock and an intermediate stock combination provided by the present invention (after grafting is completed). Specific embodiments

[0063] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the present invention.

[0064] The present application provides a method for promoting the high yield of Kyoho grapes by using a base stock and an intermediate stock combination, comprising the following steps performed in sequence:

[0065] 1) In spring, grafting the scion of Kyoho grapes onto the middle stock, and grafting the middle stock onto the base stock, the middle stock is selected from Sakata Yoshitomo grape stock, and the base stock is selected from SO4 grape stock;

[0066] 2) Field management includes checking survival and grafting, shaping and pruning, soil management, fertilizer management, water management, and pest and disease management.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present application, in step 1), the preparation before grafting, the grafting time is the time in spring when the temperature is 15°C-25°C.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present application, in step 1), the scion is selected from semi-lignified 1-year-old Kyoho branches with a diameter of 0.7-0.9 cm, vigorous growth, full buds, no diseases or insect pests, and no mechanical damage;

[0069] The base rootstock is selected from semi-lignified branches with a diameter of 0.7-0.9 cm, vigorous growth, and no mechanical damage, which sprout from a healthy, disease-free, perennial SO4 grape rootstock tree.

[0070] In one embodiment of the present application, in step 1), the intermediate rootstock is cut from a one-year-old Sakata Yoshitomo grape rootstock with a diameter of 0.7-0.9 cm and a length of 20 cm.

[0071] In one embodiment of the present application, in step 1), the grafting method is specifically:

[0072] Grafting of scion and middle stock: Use a grafting knife to split the smooth surface of the middle stock to form a 3.5 cm long interface, cut a section of the scion into a double-sided horse ear-shaped inclined surface, insert it into the middle stock interface, align the cambium of the scion with the cambium of the middle stock, and wrap it tightly with a grafting film;

[0073] Grafting of intermediate stock and base stock: After the grafting of scion and intermediate stock is completed, the smooth surface of the base stock is immediately split with a grafting knife to form a 3.5 cm long interface. A section of the grafted intermediate stock is cut into a double-sided horse ear-shaped slope and inserted into the base stock interface. The cambium of the scion intermediate stock is aligned with the cambium of the base stock. Wrap and tie it tightly with grafting film. The two grafting steps of scion and intermediate stock, and intermediate stock and base stock are completed simultaneously.

[0074] In one embodiment of the present application, in step 2), the specific method for checking survival and re-grafting is: 20 days after grafting, if the scion is still fresh and callus tissue has appeared at the interface, it has survived; otherwise, re-grafting should be carried out in time;

[0075] The specific shaping and pruning are:

[0076] 6.1) Bud removal and shoot determination: After the graft is established, remove the suckers in time to prevent the consumption of nutrients and the disruption of the tree shape. At the same time, remove the weak buds or double buds that are not growing well above the grafting point, and select one or two buds with good positions and fullness to develop into future plants. Leave two new shoots in advance, and cut off the unwanted new shoots after the scaffolding is erected;

[0077] 6.2) Main shoot pinching: The growth period of grapes in the north is short, and the tree growth is limited. The growth of branches and vines in the same year is only 1 to 2 meters. The main shoots are pinched 1 to 2 times. They are both main vines and fruit-bearing mother branches for the next year's fruiting.

[0078] When cultivated in facilities in the north, by extending the growth period and strengthening fertilizer and water management, the branches and vines grow to 3 to 4 meters in the same year, and the main shoots are pinched twice in the same year; the first time is to induce the growth of secondary shoots and cultivate secondary shoot fruiting mother branches or extended shoots; the second time is to pinch the extended shoots to achieve early high yields in the following year;

[0079] Two months before the frost period, that is, from late July to early August, the main shoots should be forcibly topped for the last time to promote the thickening and lignification of the tree.

[0080] 6.3) Pinch the lateral shoots: Due to the effect of apical dominance, when the top lateral shoots grow vigorously and gradually weaken downwards, the top lateral shoots should be pinched several times to leave more lateral shoots and leaves, so as to moderate the tree vigor, promote nutrient accumulation, and accelerate the formation of the tree.

[0081] First pinching: except for the 2-3 side shoots at the top, the other side shoots at the bottom are pinched after leaving one leaf, and the 2-3 side shoots at the top are called primary side shoots;

[0082] Second pinching: pinch off the top of the primary secondary shoot with 3 to 5 leaves to form a secondary secondary shoot, and continue to extend. Leave one leaf on the remaining secondary shoots on the primary secondary shoot and continue pinching.

[0083] The third pinching: continue to pinch 3 to 5 leaves on the top of the secondary side shoots, and the other treatments are the same as above;

[0084] As the growth period prolongs, multiple lateral shoots are formed. Refer to this method for cyclic pinching treatment. In the future, the tree extension shoots will also be pinched and lateral shoots will be treated according to this method.

[0085] During winter pruning, all the secondary shoots produced by the first pinching of the top extension shoots should be cut off;

[0086] 6.4) Winter pruning: The cuts of pruning shears should be smooth and perpendicular to the branches. The cuts should be 2 to 3 cm away from the remaining buds to avoid damaging the remaining buds.

[0087] During winter pruning, the pruning height or branch length should be carried out according to the growth potential of the tree that year, and the diameter of the cut should reach 0.6-0.8 cm, and the cut should be bright green and intact;

[0088] The pruning height of the northern facility trellis is only 80 to 100 cm, forming a single or double trunk.

[0089] In the south, greenhouse grapes are extended through shaping methods, reaching a length of 3 to 8 meters, and are cultivated into main trunks, main vines and extended shoots.

[0090] In one embodiment of the present application, in step 2), soil management specifically includes:

[0091] Covering: Covering materials are mulch film, wheat straw, wheat bran, corn straw, and rice straw. In spring, cover with black mulch film, and in summer and autumn, cover with wheat straw, wheat bran, corn straw, and rice straw. Depending on the soil quality and grass quantity, cover 1,500 kg or more per mu, with a thickness of 15 to 20 cm, and press the soil on top. Deep plowing is combined with fertilization in autumn every year;

[0092] Deep plowing: When new shoots stop growing and in combination with autumn fertilization, deep plowing should be carried out. 40 to 50 cm away from the main trunk, deep plowing should be carried out manually or mechanically to 20 to 30 cm between rows, between plants, or every other row. Water in time after autumn fertilization.

[0093] In one embodiment of the present application, in step 2), fertilizer management is specifically:

[0094] Base fertilizer: In autumn, mainly organic fertilizer, mixed with superphosphate, accounting for 60% to 80% of the total annual fertilizer application, using the method of furrow application or hole application;

[0095] Germination fertilizer: Apply before grapes sprout, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and use drip irrigation high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 8kg / 667m 2 ;

[0096] Pre-flowering fertilizer: Apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers 20 days after germination, and spray high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer 8kg / 667m 2 ;

[0097] Fruit-swelling fertilizer: In the early stage of fruit growth, compound fertilizer is mainly used, with 15-20kg of compound fertilizer applied per mu, 5-10kg of urea, and 3-5kg of potassium sulfate. After the fruit is colored, potassium fertilizer is mainly used, combined with phosphorus fertilizer, with 1.3-1.5kg of high-potassium fertilizer per mu.

[0098] In one embodiment of the present application, in step 2), the moisture management is specifically:

[0099] Germination water: Water once before unearthing and putting on the shelf until 10 days before germination, combined with topdressing;

[0100] Flower-promoting water: Water 1-2 times from budding to before flowering to promote leaf growth and inflorescence differentiation. The soil should maintain 65%-75% of the field water holding capacity. Do not water during the flowering period.

[0101] After fruit setting until the end of the berry hard core stage: Combine fertilization with increased irrigation, and keep the soil at 70% of the field water holding capacity;

[0102] Berry color change period: strictly control irrigation, keep soil moisture at 60% to 65% of field water holding capacity, and drain in time in case of rain;

[0103] After picking the fruit: water once in combination with applying basal fertilizer;

[0104] Freezing water: Water thoroughly before the soil freezes.

[0105] In one embodiment of the present application, in step 2), pest management specifically includes:

[0106] Prevention is the priority, and comprehensive control is adopted. Comprehensive management measures combining biological and chemical measures are adopted. During the dormant period, the garden is thoroughly cleaned in combination with winter pruning. Diseased fruits and ears are cut off, and dead branches and leaves on the ground are cleared. Insect-proof nets, insect-attracting lamps, and sex attractants are installed in the shed. During the growing season, downy mildew, gray mold, and green stink bug diseases and insect pests are controlled. For downy mildew, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600-800 times or 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 800-1000 times is used. For gray mold, 80% mancozeb wettable powder 600-800 times is used for control. During this period, Bordeaux mixture with a ratio of 1:1:200 is used for intermittent use for control management.

[0107] For field insect pest control, use 4000-5000 times 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate.

[0108] In the present application, the intermediate rootstock of Sakata Yoshitomo grapes can perfectly adapt to the SO4 grape rootstock base rootstock and the Kyoho grape scion, and can also effectively control the tree, regulate the vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and improve the fruit yield and quality. The reason or working principle is: the intermediate rootstock can not only regulate the transportation, distribution and utilization of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant body, but also cause changes in the content of various plant hormones such as IOD (indoleacetic acid oxidase), POD (peroxidase), KT (cytokinin), GA3 (gibberellic acid), thereby regulating the tree growth characteristics and fruit quality; the suitable intermediate rootstock can effectively control the tree, promote Make the reproductive growth of the plant on the middle stock active, balance the vegetative growth and flower bud differentiation, promote the accumulation of sugar content in the plant fruit and the formation of anthocyanins, and promote early, high-quality and high-yield fruits; in the present application, the base stock SO4 and the scion Kyoho are both varieties with vigorous growth. Excessive vegetative growth can easily inhibit reproductive growth and affect fruit quality and yield. Sakata Yoshitomo has weak growth potential, active reproductive growth and high fruit setting rate. By grafting SO4 / Kyoho as the middle stock, the amount of nutrients transported upward by the rootstock SO4 can be changed, and the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth can be adjusted, thereby achieving the effect of alleviating tree vigor and improving fruit yield and quality.

[0109] In the present application, the reason or working principle for adopting such a grafting method, the grafting of scion and intermediate stock, and the grafting of intermediate stock and base stock is as follows: in the conventional grafting method, the intermediate stock is first grafted on the base stock, and then the target variety is grafted after the intermediate stock grows up. The grafting procedure is complicated, the seedling management cycle is long, and the production cost is high. The present application simplifies the steps, shortens the finished product time, reduces the production cost, and improves the grafting efficiency by continuously grafting the base stock, intermediate stock and scion in the field.

[0110] In the present application, the reasons or working principles for adopting such shaping and pruning are as follows: reasonable shaping and pruning can effectively regulate the relationship between growth and fruiting, and achieve high, stable, high-quality and safe yields of grapes; in the present application, by timely removing buds and fixing shoots, and removing suckers, it is possible to effectively prevent excess nutrient consumption and confusion in tree shape; by pinching the main shoots, apical dominance is suppressed, nutrient reflux is promoted, and it is beneficial to store nutrients, thicken and lignify the main shoots, and promote safe wintering and early high yields in the following year; by repeatedly pinching the side shoots, the growth of side shoots is suppressed, and at the same time, nutrients from the side shoots are supplied to the fruiting branches to promote flowering and fruiting.

[0111] In the present application, the reasons or working principles for adopting such soil management are as follows: the mulching method is a relatively advanced land management method, which is widely applicable, especially in arid and soil-poor areas; through field covering, soil moisture loss can be prevented, soil aggregate structure can be improved, weeds can be avoided, early spring temperature can be increased, and fruit quality and yield can be improved; soil deep plowing is an important part of soil management. By deep plowing the soil, the water, heat and gas conditions of the soil can be effectively improved, the soil bulk density can be reduced, the soil permeability can be increased, the soil moisture retention and drought and waterlogging resistance can be enhanced, which is beneficial to the growth and development of fruit trees, and can also promote root growth, increase the root water and fertilizer absorption rate, and promote fruit yield and quality.

[0112] In the present application, the reasons or working principles for adopting such fertilizer management are as follows: different growth and development stages of grapes have completely different requirements for different types and quantities of nutrients, so it is necessary to grasp the key fertilization period, apply fertilizers in a timely manner, and give full play to the efficiency of fertilizers; after the fruit is harvested in autumn, the root system of the grape is in the second growth peak. At this time, deep plowing and basal fertilizer application are beneficial to the growth and development of the root system, and at the same time, a large amount of organic nutrients can be stored for the tree, laying a solid foundation for restoring the tree vigor and flower bud differentiation in the next year; the nitrogen requirement of grapes is relatively large in the early growth stage, and the application of germination fertilizer before germination can increase the germination rate, increase the inflorescence, and make the new shoots grow vigorously; the new shoots grow rapidly during the flowering period, the inflorescence grows rapidly, and the demand for phosphorus and potassium is large, so phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added before flowering to promote flowering and fruiting; after fruiting, the grapes enter a comprehensive growth and development period, and the demand for multiple nutrients increases, so compound fertilizers are mainly used; after the fruit becomes soft and colored, the potassium requirement increases sharply, and the application of potassium fertilizer at this time is beneficial to the increase of fruit coloring and sugar content.

[0113] In the present application, the reasons or working principles for adopting such water management are as follows: soil moisture and irrigation have a great influence on the flavor of grape fruit; grapes have the highest demand for water in the early stage of growth, and the soil needs to be saturated with water in spring, and sufficient water supply can ensure germination and flowering; less water is required during the flowering period of fruits, and watering during the flowering period can easily cause a large number of flowers to fall, so watering is strictly prohibited during the flowering period; from the end of the flowering period to the early stage of berry ripening, the water demand gradually increases until it reaches a peak, and irrigation needs to be strengthened during this period; the water demand decreases during the berry ripening period, and excessive water not only delays the fruit ripening period but also seriously affects the fruit quality, so the water needs to be strictly controlled; watering once before the soil freezes can not only prevent drought in winter and spring but also prevent cold in winter.

[0114] In this application, the reason or working principle for adopting such pest management is: the purpose of pest control is to prevent pests from causing harm and affecting high-quality and safe food, so simple, economical and effective measures must be adopted. At the same time, the measures taken are required to be timely, accurate and environmentally friendly. Therefore, the scientific concept of pest management is prevention first, comprehensive prevention, safe production and ecological balance.

[0115] Example 1: Effects of different interstocks on fruit quality of Kyoho grapes

[0116] (1) Purpose of the test

[0117] As the most widely planted grape variety in my country, Kyoho grapes are very popular among consumers in the market. However, Kyoho grapes have problems such as strong growth, difficult management, serious flower and fruit drop, and large and small fruits, which seriously restrict the development of Kyoho grape industry.

[0118] (2) Materials and methods

[0119] (2.1) Test location

[0120] The test site is located in Shandong Zhichang Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. in Rizhao City, Shandong Province, at 118°83′ east longitude and 35°58′ north latitude. The area has a temperate monsoon climate with four distinct seasons and obvious hot and cold seasons. The annual average temperature is 12.7℃, the annual rainfall is 768.7mm, the annual sunshine hours are 2432.8 hours, the sunshine rate is 55%, and the annual frost-free period is 203 days.

[0121] (2.2) Test materials

[0122] Variety: Kyoho grape;

[0123] Base stock: SO4 grape rootstock;

[0124] Intermediate rootstock: Sakata Yoshitomo grape rootstock, Victoria grape rootstock, Early-growing New Mars grape rootstock;

[0125] (2.3) Experimental design

[0126] Graft the cut Kyoho grape scion onto the middle stock branch. The grafting joints must be aligned, tightly wrapped, and tied. The grafting of the middle stock and the grafting of the scion variety must be completed at the same time, and then grafted onto the base stock to form a triple composite seedling. The combination scheme is shown in Table 1.

[0127] Table 1: Different experimental treatment combinations

[0128]

[0129] (3) Test results investigation and measurement methods

[0130] The growth potential, flower bud differentiation and fruit condition of different rootstock-scion combinations were measured respectively.

[0131] (4) Test results and analysis

[0132] The test results are shown in the following table

[0133] Table 2: Growth potential of different rootstock-scion combinations

[0134] Processing number Petiole length Leaf area Internode length Thick internodes Main vine thick Comparative Example 1 13.83±1.37a 371.55±16.32a 11.03±2.01a 77.97±10.26b 136.29±19.88b Comparative Example 2 12.20±0.15ab 354.83±15.37a 7.63±1.45b 83.19±12.94b 133.40±15.49b Example 1 11.63±1.05b 310.15±17.88ab 6.70±0.77b 126.16±19.07a 361.93±25.23a Comparative Example 3 11.37±1.61b 270.44±26.37b 7.57±0.84b 72.05±9.345b 163.80±15.46b Comparative Example 4 12.63±0.75ab 286.24±24.18b 7.97±1.15b 72.18±5.37b 136.29±14.29b

[0135] Table 3: Flowering rate of flower buds in different rootstock and scion treatments

[0136] Processing number Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Example 1 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Flower bud flowering rate 52.9％ 43.4％ 72.2％ 63.8％ 60.6％

[0137] Table 4: Fruit growth of different rootstock-scion combinations

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] Through this experiment, we can see that in terms of growth potential, the internodes and main vines of the combination with Sakata Yoshitomo grape rootstock as the intermediate stock are thicker than those of other combinations, the internode length is relatively short, and the petiole and leaf area are at a medium level; in terms of flower bud differentiation, the flower bud flowering rate of the combination with Sakata Yoshitomo grape rootstock as the intermediate stock is significantly higher than that of other combinations; in terms of fruit yield and quality, the fruit size, fruit sugar content, and fruit coloring of the combination with Sakata Yoshitomo grape rootstock as the intermediate stock are excellent, significantly higher than those of other combinations. In summary, using Sakata Yoshitomo grape rootstock as the intermediate stock can effectively control the growth of the tree, promote flower bud differentiation, and improve fruit yield and quality.

[0141] The above specific embodiments do not limit the invention in any form. If they do not depart from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, equivalent implementations made by partial changes or modifications of the technical content disclosed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the high yield of Kyoho grapes by using a base stock and an intermediate stock combination, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps in sequence: 1) In spring, the scion of Kyoho grapes is grafted onto the middle stock, and the middle stock is grafted onto the base stock. The middle stock is the Sakata Yoshitomo grape stock, and the base stock is the SO4 grape stock; 2) Field management includes checking survival and grafting, shaping and pruning, soil management, fertilizer management, water management, and pest and disease management; In step 1), the grafting time is a time in spring when the temperature is 15°C-25°C; In step 1), the scion is selected from semi-lignified 1-year-old Kyoho branches with a diameter of 0.7-0.9 cm, vigorous growth, full buds, no diseases and insect pests, and no mechanical damage; The rootstock is selected from the semi-lignified branches with a diameter of 0.7-0.9cm, vigorous growth, and no mechanical damage, which sprout from the perennial SO4 grape rootstock tree. In step 1), the middle stock is cut into a 1-year-old Sakata Yoshitomo grape stock with a diameter of 0.7-0.9 cm and a length of 20 cm; In step 1), the grafting method is specifically: Grafting of scion and middle stock: Use a grafting knife to split the smooth surface of the middle stock to form a 3.5 cm long interface, cut a section of the scion into a double-sided horse ear-shaped inclined surface, insert it into the middle stock interface, align the cambium of the scion with the cambium of the middle stock, and wrap it tightly with a grafting film; Grafting of intermediate stock and base stock: After the grafting of scion and intermediate stock is completed, the smooth surface of the base stock is immediately split with a grafting knife to form a 3.5 cm long interface. A section of the grafted intermediate stock is cut into a double-sided horse ear-shaped slope and inserted into the base stock interface. The cambium of the scion intermediate stock is aligned with the cambium of the base stock. Wrap and tie it tightly with grafting film. The two grafting steps of scion and intermediate stock, and intermediate stock and base stock are completed simultaneously.

2. The method for promoting high yield of Kyoho grapes by using a base stock and an intermediate stock combination according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the moisture management is specifically as follows: Germination water: Water once before unearthing and putting on the shelf until 10 days before germination, combined with topdressing; Flower-promoting water: Water 1-2 times from budding to before flowering to promote leaf growth and inflorescence differentiation. The soil should maintain 65%-75% of the field water holding capacity. Do not water during the flowering period. After fruit setting until the end of the berry hard core stage: Combine fertilization with increased irrigation, and keep the soil at 70% of the field water holding capacity; Berry color change period: strictly control irrigation, keep soil moisture at 60% to 65% of field water holding capacity, and drain water in time when it rains; After harvesting: water once in combination with applying basal fertilizer; Freezing water: Water thoroughly before the soil freezes.

3. The method for promoting high yield of Kyoho grapes by using a base stock and an intermediate stock combination according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), pest and disease management is specifically as follows: Prevention is the priority, and comprehensive control is adopted. Comprehensive management measures combining biological and chemical measures are adopted. During the dormant period, the garden is thoroughly cleaned in combination with winter pruning. Diseased fruits and ears are cut off, and dead branches and leaves on the ground are cleared. Insect-proof nets, insect-attracting lamps, and sex attractants are installed in the shed. During the growing season, downy mildew, gray mold, and green stink bug are controlled. For downy mildew, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600-800 times or 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 800-1000 times are used. For gray mold, 80% mancozeb wettable powder 600-800 times is used for control. During this period, Bordeaux mixture with a ratio of 1:1:200 is used for intermittent use for control management. For field insect pest control, use 4000-5000 times 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate.

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