A method for efficiently cultivating betel nut taro in late spring

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for efficient cultivation of betel nut taro in late spring, belonging to the technical field of crop cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) tissue culture, virus-free rapid propagation: including explant selection and disinfection, adventitious bud induction, virus detection, and subculture proliferation culture; (2) induction of test tube taro; (3) seedling raising by hedging; (4) cultivation of virus-free seed taro; (5) field cultivation of virus-free seed taro. The method of the present invention utilizes the mode of late spring cultivation of virus-free seed taro of taro, which can prevent the degradation of betel nut taro germplasm, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and improve the yield and quality of taro. The present invention focuses on plant health and constructs a healthy soil microbial ecosystem, thereby achieving the effect of improving quality and efficiency, and promoting the rapid and healthy development of the taro industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for efficiently cultivating betel nut taro in late spring. Background Art

[0002] Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L). Schott) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Araceae family, often cultivated as an annual, also known as taro, taro, and hairy taro. Areca taro belongs to the Araceae family, the genus Colocasia, and is famous at home and abroad for its large and beautiful shape, unique purple-red areca pattern on the taro flesh, crispy and sweet flesh, and rich nutrition.

[0003] Taro is an asexually propagated crop, generally with sub-taro or grandson taro as a propagator, and long-term repeated seed planting causes problems such as species degeneration, yield reduction, and serious occurrence of diseases and insect pests. At present, the more effective solution is to plant tissue culture detoxified seedlings. Using taro detoxified seedlings for cultivation can reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, improve the yield and quality of taro, and the yield of detoxified taro is 20% to 30% higher than that of non-detoxified taro under the same cultivation and management conditions. However, the seedling raising cycle of detoxified taro tissue culture seedlings is long and the cost is high, and the cultivated taro sub-taro is too much, which affects the growth of the main taro, thereby limiting the promotion and application of taro detoxified seedlings. By cultivating detoxified seed taro, and then using the detoxified small seed taro for cultivation, it can be avoided that the accumulation of plant hormones in the tissue culture process of directly using tissue culture detoxified seedlings causes too many sub-taro to affect the growth of the main taro, and the production cost can also be reduced, which has a promoting effect on the standardization and industrialization of taro.

[0004] Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian are the main production areas of betel nut taro. The planting time is generally from January to March. The average temperature during this period is 10-13℃, while the optimum temperature for the growth of taro seedlings is 20-25℃. It can be seen that early-cultivated taro cannot grow when the temperature is not suitable, and it is easy to be damaged by late spring cold. Of course, early-cultivated taro can germinate and grow earlier when the temperature is suitable, but this is the plum rain season, with frequent rainfall and excessively wet soil, which is not conducive to the growth of the root system; in addition, there are many rainy days and insufficient sunlight, so the taro seedlings grow thin and weak, and are also prone to diseases, such as taro blight. Therefore, although early cultivation of taro can lead to early harvest to a certain extent, there are also greater risks. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the existing betel nut taro cultivation process, the invention provides a method for efficiently cultivating betel nut taro in late spring.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for breeding poison-free seed taro of betel nut taro comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Tissue culture, virus-free and rapid propagation:

[0009] S1. Selection and disinfection of explants: Select healthy and pest-free Areca taro plants, clean them, cut off the stem tips, and disinfect them;

[0010] S2. Adventitious bud induction: inoculate the sterilized shoot tip into adventitious bud induction medium for adventitious bud induction;

[0011] S3. Virus detection: Select seedlings from the adventitious buds for virus detection. The buds that have been virus-free after detection continue to be proliferated and cultured, and the buds that have not been virus-free are removed;

[0012] S4. Subculture proliferation culture: Cut off the upper leaves of the induced adventitious buds, keep the stem tip, and inoculate it into proliferation medium for culture;

[0013] (2) Induction of test tube taro: inoculating the proliferating buds into a test tube taro induction medium for induction culture of the test tube taro, cutting off the yellow leaves and roots growing on the test tube taro, and then inoculating into a hormone-free medium for further culture. After one culture cycle, cutting off the yellow leaves and roots growing on the test tube taro again, and inoculating into a hormone-free culture medium; repeating the inoculation into the hormone-free medium for induction of the test tube taro;

[0014] (3) Transplanting seedlings: The cultured test tube taro is hardened under scattered light at room temperature; then the root culture medium is cleaned off and the cleaned test tube seedlings are transplanted in seedling cups for seedling cultivation; after new roots grow, microbial agents are applied, followed by balanced compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer; when the seedlings are more than 15 cm tall and have 4 to 6 leaves, they can be transplanted to obtain virus-free seed taro after cultivation.

[0015] Preferably, the specific steps are as follows:

[0016] (1) Tissue culture, virus-free and rapid propagation:

[0017] S1. Selection and disinfection of explants: Select healthy and pest-free taro plants, clean them, cut off the stem tips, and disinfect them;

[0018] S2. Adventitious bud induction: The sterilized shoot tips were inoculated into adventitious bud induction medium for adventitious bud induction. The adventitious bud induction medium was: MS + 4mg / L 6-BA + 0.1mg / L NAA + 30g / L sucrose + 6g / L carrageenan. The culture temperature was 25±2℃. The first 7 days were dark cultured, and then the light was illuminated for 6 hours per day, and the light intensity was 1000lux.

[0019] S3. Virus detection: Select seedlings from the adventitious buds to test for taro mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus. After testing, the induced buds that have been free of viruses are continued to be proliferated and cultured, and the buds that have not been free of viruses are removed;

[0020] S4. Subculture proliferation culture: the induced adventitious buds were cut off from the upper leaves, the stem tips were retained, and inoculated into a proliferation medium for culture. The proliferation medium was: YS + 3mg / L 6-BA + 0.2mg / L NAA + 30g / L sucrose + 6g / L carrageenan. The culture temperature was 25±2℃. The first 7 days were dark cultured, and then the light was illuminated for 8 hours per day, and the light intensity was 2000lux.

[0021] The YS medium contains the following ingredients: 1650 mg / L NH4NO3, 1900 mg / L KNO3, 220 mg / L CaCl2·2H2O, 277 mg / L MgSO4·7H2O, 255 mg / L KH2PO4, 22.3 mg / L MnSO4·4H2O, 8.6 mg / L ZnSO4·7H2O, 6.2 mg / L H3BO3, 0.83 mg / L KI, 0.25 mg / L Na2MoO4·2H2O, 0.25 mg / L CuSO4·5H2O, 0.025 mg / L CoCl, 37.13 mg / L FeSO4·7H2O, 49.6 mg / L Na2·EDTA, 100 mg / L inositol, 2.0 mg / L glycine, 0.1 mg / L thiamine hydrochloride, 0.5 mg / L nicotinic acid, 0.5 mg / L pyridoxine hydrochloride, pH 5.8, solvent is water;

[0022] (2) Induction of test tube taro: inoculate the proliferating buds into a test tube taro induction medium for induction of test tube taro, wherein the test tube taro induction medium is GS+0.5mg / L 6-BA+0.01mg / L NAA+80g / L sucrose+6g / L carrageenan, culture, cut off the yellow leaves and roots growing on the test tube taro, inoculate into a hormone-free medium for further culture, cut off the yellow leaves and roots growing on the test tube taro again after one culture cycle, and inoculate into a hormone-free medium; repeat the inoculation into the hormone-free medium for 3 times for induction of test tube taro, wherein the hormone-free medium is GS+60g / L sucrose+6g / L carrageenan, and the culture conditions are: temperature 25±2°C, dark culture for 1 day after inoculation, and then light exposure for 12 hours per day, with a light intensity of 2000lux;

[0023] The GS medium contained the following ingredients: 1200 mg / L NH4NO3, 2100 mg / L KNO3, 220 mg / L CaCl2·2H2O, 370 mg / L MgSO4·7H2O, 255 mg / L KH2PO4, 22.3 mg / L MnSO4·4H2O, 8.6 mg / L ZnSO4·7H2O, 6.2 mg / L H3BO3, 0.83 mg / L KI, 0.25 mg / L Na2MoO4·2H2O, 0.25 mg / L CuSO4·5H2O, 0.025 mg / L CoCl, 37.3 mg / L FeSO4·7H2O, 27.8 mg / L Na2·EDTA, 2.0 mg / L glycine, 0.1 mg / L thiamine hydrochloride, 0.5 mg / L nicotinic acid, 0.5 mg / L pyridoxine hydrochloride, pH 5. 5.8, the solvent is water;

[0024] (3) Transplanting seedlings: The cultured test tube taro is hardened under scattered light at room temperature; then the root culture medium is cleaned off and the cleaned test tube seedlings are transplanted in seedling cups for seedling cultivation; after new roots grow, microbial agents are applied, followed by balanced compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer; when the seedlings are more than 15 cm tall and have 4 to 6 leaves, they can be transplanted to obtain virus-free seed taro after cultivation.

[0025] Preferably, the explant selection and disinfection is to select a healthy, pest-free, underground corm of more than 100g of Areca taro plants, wash them with tap water, then cut a 2cm×2cm×3cm stem tip, place it in a clean bench for sterilization, soak it in 75% alcohol by volume for 1 minute, wash it with sterile water for 3 to 4 times, take it out and put it in a 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for sterilization for 10 minutes, shake it continuously during the process, and finally wash it with sterile water for 5 to 6 times, place it on an inoculation plate, peel off a stem tip with a diameter of 3 to 5 mm, and obtain a sterilized stem tip.

[0026] Preferably, the detection of taro mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus is performed by using RT-PCR method.

[0027] Preferably, the hedging seedling raising is to harden the cultured test tube taro under scattered light at room temperature for 3 days, and then wash off the root culture medium with clean water; hedging the washed test tube seedlings in a seedling cup, and placing them in a virus-free seedling nursery for seedling raising, the seedling raising temperature is maintained at 15-30°C, and the seedling raising matrix is: peat soil: perlite = 7:1 (v:v); after the seedlings grow new roots for one week, 800 times of "First Fine" microbial agent are applied, and then 1000 times of balanced compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer is applied once a week; when the seedlings are more than 15 cm tall and have 4-6 leaves, they can be planted out, and 800 times of "First Fine" microbial agent is applied again one week before planting out, thereby obtaining virus-free seedlings.

[0028] A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently cultivating betel nut taro in late spring, comprising the following steps:

[0029] Cultivation of virus-free seed taro: plant the virus-free seedlings from February to April; carry out fertilizer management, water management, temperature management and soil covering management after planting; when the taro leaves begin to turn yellow and wither, harvest the main taro, stop watering, keep the soil dry, and when the taro is planted in the second year, dig up the sub-taro and use it as seed taro, plant the seed taro in the field, and obtain betel nut taro through field management.

[0030] Preferably, the virus-free taro seed cultivation comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1. Seedling selection: Select virus-free taro seeds that have been transplanted;

[0032] S2. Planting: Planting can be carried out from February to April. Use coarse-grained peat soil: perlite = 7:1 (v:v) as the planting matrix, add water and mix well, put it into a non-woven planting bag, add balanced compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, and then continue to add the matrix to 3 / 5 of the planting bag, plant the virus-free seedlings into the planting bag filled with the matrix, and the planting depth should be above the surface of the virus-free seedling cup soil. The planted bag seedlings are placed on the greenhouse seedling bed frame. After planting, use 800 times the "First Fine" microbial agent as the rooting water for watering, so that all the seeds are moistened;

[0033] S3. Management

[0034] S3.1 Fertilization: Topdressing is applied in multiple times. The first topdressing is when the first new leaf of the seedling unfolds, and 30g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each plant; the second topdressing is carried out in the early stage of vigorous growth, and 50g of balanced compound fertilizer is applied to each plant; the third topdressing is carried out in the middle stage of vigorous growth, and 50g of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each plant; the fourth topdressing is carried out in the late stage of vigorous growth, and 50g of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each plant; the fifth topdressing is carried out at the end of vigorous growth, and 50g of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each plant;

[0035] S3.2 Water: Use drip irrigation for watering, which is carried out from 5:00 to 9:00 every day to keep the water moist;

[0036] S3.3 Temperature: When the greenhouse temperature exceeds 35°C, turn on the fan water curtain to cool down;

[0037] S3.4 Soil covering: Soil covering should be carried out in two times, and fertilization should be carried out at the same time; the first soil covering should be carried out in the early stage of vigorous growth, and coarse-grained peat soil should be added to the planting bag to 4 / 5 after fertilization; the second soil covering should be carried out in the middle stage of vigorous growth, and coarse-grained peat soil should be added to the planting bag to be flush with the planting bag after fertilization;

[0038] S4. Harvesting: When the taro leaves begin to turn yellow and wither, harvest the main taro and stop watering. Keep the soil dry and dig up the sub-taro as seed taro when planting taro the following year.

[0039] Preferably, the virus-free taro is cultivated in the field:

[0040] S1. Selection of seed taro: Select professionally cultivated, healthy, pest-free and virus-free taro as seed taro; the seed taro needs to be dug 3 to 7 days in advance, dried on the surface, and classified by size;

[0041] S2. Plot selection: Taro likes moist soil. Choose a plot of loam or sandy loam where taro has not been planted before, with good drainage and irrigation, loose and fertile soil, rich in organic matter, thick tillage layer, and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. The pH value should be 5.5-7.0;

[0042] S3. Land preparation and basal fertilizer application: remove the remaining branches and leaves of the previous crop, deep plow more than 30 cm, apply sufficient basal fertilizer, 1 000-1 500 kg of organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of superphosphate, and 1500-2000 mL of microbial agent per mu; level and harrow the soil and then make ridges. The ridges are about 2.1 m wide, 40-50 cm high, 60 cm wide on the high ridges, 50 cm wide on the low ridges, and 50 cm wide on the ridges;

[0043] S4. Planting: Planting should be carried out in mid-April, with a row spacing of 50 to 60 cm, and about 2,000 plants per mu; plant them separately according to their size, with the top buds facing upward and the soil covering the top buds, and water them enough to establish roots after planting;

[0044] S5. Field management

[0045] S5.1 Fertilization: Apply the "First Fine" microbial agent once after planting, 1500-2000mL per mu; topdressing is applied in multiple times. The first topdressing is when the first new leaf of the seedling unfolds, 15kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per mu; the second topdressing is carried out in the early stage of vigorous growth, 25kg of balanced compound fertilizer per mu; the third topdressing is carried out in the vigorous growth period, 30kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu; the fourth topdressing is carried out at the end of vigorous growth, 25kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu;

[0046] S5.2 Water: Keep the soil moist when the soil is dry or wet during the seedling stage to promote root growth; during the vigorous growth period, the soil needs a lot of water, so water should be poured into half of the ditch and the upper ridges should be moist to keep the soil moist; drain the water in the ditch 15 to 30 days before harvesting to facilitate the conversion of taro starch;

[0047] S5.3 Soil cultivation: Soil cultivation is the key to taro cultivation. It can be combined with weeding and fertilization, and is generally carried out three times. The first soil cultivation is in mid-May, with shallow soil cultivation; the second soil cultivation is in mid-June, with a soil thickness of about 5 cm; the third soil cultivation is in mid-July, with a soil thickness of 7 to 10 cm; soil cultivation can be carried out by moving the soil from the high ridge surface to the low ridge surface;

[0048] S6. Pest and disease control: The main pests and diseases of taro are taro blight, wilt, soft rot, and Spodoptera litura. In the early stage, blight and wilt are the main damage, while in the later stage, taro soft rot is the most serious damage.

[0049] S6.1 Taro blight: 500 times diluted 50% methacryloyl WP, 600 times diluted 50% copper formate WP, 500 times diluted 58% formic acid·manganese zinc + 64% antiseptic alum can be used to spray the stems and the front and back of the leaves of the plants, once every 7 to 10 days, for 2 to 3 times in succession;

[0050] S6.2 Fusarium wilt: It is easy to get sick at 28-30℃. In the early stage of the disease, 400 times of carbendazim solution can be used for irrigation;

[0051] S6.3 Taro soft rot: During the peak period of taro soft rot from June to August, use 1000 times diluted thiophanate-methyl and 800 times diluted "First Fine" microbial agent for root irrigation after typhoons and heavy rains. Apply once every 5 to 7 days for 2 to 3 times in succession.

[0052] S6.4 Spodoptera litura: 1.5% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times diluted can be used for spraying;

[0053] S6.5 Underground pests such as white grubs and mole crickets: They can be controlled by root irrigation with 1000-1500 times diluted 40% phoxim.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0055] 1. The tissue culture detoxification and rapid propagation proliferation coefficient of the betel nut taro according to the method of the present invention can reach 5.9, the induction rate of the test tube taro can reach 100%, and the induced test tube taro seedlings have sturdy plants, developed root systems, and obvious betel nut patterns;

[0056] 2. The method of the present invention adopts virus-free seed taro planting, which solves the problems of virus accumulation, species degeneration, yield reduction and serious occurrence of diseases and insect pests caused by long-term and repeated seed planting of betel nut taro;

[0057] 3. The method of the present invention cultivates virus-free seed taro and then uses the virus-free small seed taro for cultivation, which can avoid the accumulation of plant hormones in the tissue culture process during the direct use of tissue culture virus-free seedlings, resulting in excessive number of sub-taro after cultivation, affecting the growth of the main taro, and can also reduce production costs, which has a promoting effect on the standardization and industrialization of taro production;

[0058] 4. The method of the present invention is to plant the betel nut taro detoxification taro in mid-April, which can avoid the harm of late spring cold and prevent the taro seedlings from growing thin and weak due to the heavy rain in the rainy season and insufficient light, leading to the occurrence of taro blight, wilt and other diseases;

[0059] 5. The method of the present invention focuses on plant health and combines it with microbial control technology to carry out biological control of taro soft rot, which has the highest incidence and the most serious damage in areca taro, by applying the "First Fine" microbial agent during the seedling and planting stages. During the peak period of taro soft rot, the "First Fine" microbial agent and fungicides such as thiophanate-methyl are used in combination to play a good role in the prevention and control of taro soft rot. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the proliferation of betel taro seedlings in bottles of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 2 It is a betel nut taro test tube taro diagram of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 3 The present invention discloses a cup seedling diagram of betel nut taro.

[0063] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the field planting of taro virus-free taro seeds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0065] Embodiment 1:

[0066] 1. Tissue culture, virus-free and rapid propagation:

[0067] 1.1 Selection and disinfection of explants: Select healthy, pest-free, underground corm-100g or more Areca taro plants, wash them with tap water, cut 2cm×2cm×3cm stem tips, and sterilize them in a clean bench. Soak them in 75% alcohol by volume for 1 minute, wash them with sterile water 3-4 times, take them out and sterilize them in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 10 minutes, shake them constantly, and finally wash them with sterile water 5-6 times, place them on an inoculation plate, peel off stem tips with a diameter of 3-5mm, and inoculate them in adventitious bud induction medium.

[0068] 1.2 Adventitious bud induction: Inoculate the shoot tip in the adventitious bud induction medium, which is: MS + 4mg / L6-BA + 0.1mg / L NAA + 30g / L sucrose + 6g / L carrageenan (the configuration method is to add 6-BA, NAA, sucrose, and carrageenan to MS, sterilize and set aside). After inoculation, place it in the culture room for culture at a temperature of 25±2℃, dark culture for the first 7 days, and then light for 6 hours per day, with a light intensity of 1000lux.

[0069] 1.3 Virus detection: One seedling was selected from each adventitious bud cluster, and taro mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus were detected by RT-PCR. The bud clusters that were free of viruses were continued to be proliferated and cultured, and the bud clusters that were not free of viruses were removed, thus obtaining adventitious buds.

[0070] 1.4 Subculture and proliferation culture: Cut off the upper leaves of the induced adventitious buds, retain the stem tip of about 1 cm, and inoculate 2 to 3 buds into a cluster in the proliferation medium. The proliferation medium is: YS + 3mg / L 6-BA + 0.2mg / L NAA + 30g / L sucrose + 6g / L carrageenan (the preparation method is to add 6-BA, NAA, sucrose, and carrageenan to YS, sterilize and set aside). After the inoculation is completed, place it in the culture room for culture at a temperature of 25±2℃, culture in the dark for the first 7 days, and then light for 8 hours per day, with a light intensity of 2000lux. Subculture and proliferation is carried out once every 25 to 30 days to obtain proliferated seedlings. The proliferated bottle seedlings are as follows. Figure 1 .

[0071] The YS medium contains the following ingredients: 1650 mg / L NH4NO3, 1900 mg / L KNO3, 220 mg / L CaCl2·2H2O, 277 mg / L MgSO4·7H2O, 255 mg / L KH2PO4, 22.3 mg / L MnSO4·4H2O, 8.6 mg / L ZnSO4·7H2O, 6.2 mg / L H3BO3, 0.83 mg / L KI, 0.25 mg / L Na2MoO4·2H2O, 0.25 mg / L CuSO4·5H2O, 0.025 mg / L CoCl, 37.13 mg / L FeSO4·7H2O, 49.6 mg / L Na2·EDTA, 100 mg / L inositol, 2.0 mg / L glycine, 0.1 mg / L thiamine hydrochloride, 0.5 mg / L nicotinic acid, 0.5 mg / L pyridoxine hydrochloride, pH 5.8, solvent is water, and the preparation method is to mix the components evenly.

[0072] 2. Induction of test tube taro: Cut the proliferation buds with good growth and plant height of not less than 3cm into single plants and inoculate them in the medium of GS + 0.5mg / L6-BA + 0.01mg / L NAA + 60g / L sucrose + 6g / L carrageenan (the preparation method is to add 6-BA, NAA, sucrose, and carrageenan to GS, sterilize and set aside) to induce test tube taro. After 30 days of cultivation, cut off the yellow leaves and roots growing on the test tube taro, inoculate in hormone-free medium (GS + 60g / L sucrose + 6g / L carrageenan, the preparation method is to add sucrose and carrageenan to GS, sterilize and set aside) and continue to cultivate for 30 days, then cut off the yellow leaves and roots growing on the test tube taro again, inoculate in hormone-free medium, and repeat the inoculation of hormone-free medium 3 times. The culture conditions are: temperature 25±2℃, dark culture for 1 day after inoculation, and then light for 12 hours per day, with a light intensity of 2000lux. Test tube taro seedlings and test tube taro seedlings Figure 2 .

[0073] The GS medium contained the following ingredients: 1200 mg / L NH4NO3, 2100 mg / L KNO3, 220 mg / L CaCl2·2H2O, 370 mg / L MgSO4·7H2O, 255 mg / L KH2PO4, 22.3 mg / L MnSO4·4H2O, 8.6 mg / L ZnSO4·7H2O, 6.2 mg / L H3BO3, 0.83 mg / L KI, 0.25 mg / L Na2MoO4·2H2O, 0.25 mg / L CuSO4·5H2O, 0.025 mg / L CoCl, 37.3 mg / L FeSO4·7H2O, 27.8 mg / L Na2·EDTA, 2.0 mg / L glycine, 0.1 mg / L thiamine hydrochloride, 0.5 mg / L nicotinic acid, 0.5 mg / L pyridoxine hydrochloride, pH 5. 5.8, the solvent is water, and the preparation method is to mix all the ingredients evenly.

[0074] 3. Transplanting seedlings: Harden the cultured test tube taro under scattered light at room temperature for 3 days, and then wash off the root culture medium with clean water. In a special virus-free seedling nursery, transplant the cleaned test tube seedlings in 90mm seedling cups for seedling cultivation. The seedling temperature is maintained at 15-30°C. The seedling medium is: peat soil: perlite = 7:1 (v:v), and water is applied when dry. After the seedlings have grown new roots for a week, irrigate with 800 times diluted "First Fine" microbial agent (Guangzhou Plant Dragon Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the same below), and then irrigate once a week with 1000 times balanced compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer (Yara Norway International Co., Ltd., the same below). When the seedlings are more than 15 cm tall and have 4-6 leaves, they can be planted out. Apply 800 times diluted "First Fine" microbial agent once a week before transplanting to obtain transplanted virus-free seedlings. Transplanted cup seedlings such as Figure 3 shown.

[0075] 4. Virus-free taro cultivation:

[0076] 4.1 Seedling selection: Use virus-free seedlings that have been transplanted.

[0077] 4.2 Planting: Planting can be carried out from February to April. Use coarse-grained peat soil: perlite = 7:1 (v:v) as the planting matrix, add water and mix well, put it into 1 / 5 of the 45cm×40cm non-woven planting bag, add 100g of balanced compound fertilizer (Yara Norway International Co., Ltd., the same below) as base fertilizer, and then continue to add the matrix to 3 / 5 of the planting bag, plant the virus-free seedlings into the planting bag filled with the matrix, and the planting depth should be above the surface of the virus-free seedling cup soil. The planted bag seedlings are placed on the greenhouse seedling bed frame. After planting, use the "First Fine" microbial agent (800 times diluted) as the rooting water for irrigation, and it is better to moisten all.

[0078] 4.3 Management

[0079] 4.3.1 Fertilization: Topdressing is applied in multiple times. The first topdressing is done when the first new leaf of the seedling unfolds (about half a month after planting), and 30g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (Yara Norway International Co., Ltd., the same below) is applied to each plant; the second topdressing is done in the early stage of vigorous growth (mid-May), and 50g of balanced compound fertilizer is applied to each plant; the third topdressing is done in the middle stage of vigorous growth (mid-June), and 50g of high-potassium compound fertilizer (Yara Norway International Co., Ltd., the same below) is applied to each plant; the fourth topdressing is done in the late stage of vigorous growth (mid-July), and 50g of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each plant; the fifth topdressing is done in the late stage of vigorous growth (mid-August), and 50g of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each plant.

[0080] 4.3.2 Water: Use drip irrigation for watering from 5:00 to 9:00 every day to keep the water moist.

[0081] 4.3.3 Temperature: When the greenhouse temperature exceeds 35℃, turn on the fan water curtain to cool down.

[0082] 4.3.4 Soil covering: Soil covering should be carried out in two times, and fertilization should be carried out at the same time. The first soil covering is in the early stage of vigorous growth, and coarse peat soil is added to the planting bag to 4 / 5 after fertilization; the second soil covering is in the middle stage of vigorous growth, and coarse peat soil is added to the planting bag to the same level as the planting bag after fertilization.

[0083] 4.4 Harvesting: When the taro leaves begin to turn yellow and wither, harvest the main taro and stop watering. Keep the soil dry and dig up the sub-taro and use it as seed taro when planting taro the following year.

[0084] 5. Virus-free taro field cultivation:

[0085] 5.1 Selection of seed taro: Select the virus-free taro that has been professionally cultivated in step 4.4 and is healthy and free of pests and diseases as seed taro. The seed taro needs to be dug 3 to 7 days in advance, dried on the surface, and sorted by size.

[0086] 5.2 Site selection: Taro prefers moist soil. Choose loam or sandy loam fields where taro was not planted before, with good drainage and irrigation, loose and fertile soil, rich in organic matter, thick tillage layer, and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. The pH value should be 5.5-7.0.

[0087] 5.3 Land preparation and basal fertilizer application: remove the remaining branches and leaves of the previous crop, turn the soil more than 30 cm deep, and apply sufficient basal fertilizer. The basal fertilizer is 1000-1500 kg of organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of superphosphate, and 1500-2000 mL of microbial agent per mu. After leveling and harrowing (low on both sides and high in the middle), the furrow width is about 2.1 m, the furrow height is 40-50 cm, the high furrow width is about 60 cm, the low furrow width is about 50 cm, and the furrow width is 50 cm. Figure 4 .

[0088] 5.4 Planting: Planting should be carried out in mid-April, with a row spacing of 50-60 cm and about 2,000 plants per mu. Plant the taro separately according to size, with the top bud facing upward and the soil covering the top bud. After planting, water the taro enough to establish roots.

[0089] 5.5 Field management

[0090] 5.5.1 Fertilization: Apply the "First Fine" microbial agent once after planting, 1500-2000mL per mu. Topdressing is applied in multiple times. The first topdressing is when the first new leaf of the seedling unfolds (about half a month after planting), 15kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the second topdressing is carried out in the early stage of vigorous growth (mid-June), 25kg of balanced compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the third topdressing is carried out in the vigorous growth period (mid-July), 30kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the fourth topdressing is carried out in the late stage of vigorous growth (mid-August), 25kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu.

[0091] 5.5.2 Water: During the seedling stage, the soil should be kept moist when dry to promote root growth. During the vigorous growth period, the demand for water is high, and water should be poured into half of the ditch and the upper ridges should be moist to keep the soil moist. Drain the accumulated water in the ditch 15 to 30 days before harvest to facilitate the conversion of taro starch.

[0092] 5.5.3 Soil cultivation: Soil cultivation is the key to taro cultivation. It can be combined with weeding and fertilization, and is generally carried out three times. The first soil cultivation is in mid-May, with shallow soil cultivation; the second soil cultivation is in mid-June, with a soil thickness of about 5 cm; the third soil cultivation is in mid-July, with a soil thickness of 7 to 10 cm. Soil cultivation can be carried out by moving the soil from the high ridge surface to the low ridge surface.

[0093] 5.6 Pest and disease control: The main pests and diseases of taro are taro blight, wilt, soft rot, and Spodoptera litura. In the early stage, the main damage is caused by blight and wilt, while in the later stage, taro soft rot is the most serious damage.

[0094] 5.6.1 Taro blight: Use 500 times diluted 50% methacryloyl wettable powder, 600 times diluted 50% copper formate wettable powder, 500 times diluted 58% formic acid·manganese zinc and 64% alum mixed by equal volumes to spray on the stems of the plants and the front and back sides of the leaves, spray once every 7 to 10 days, for 2 to 3 times in succession.

[0095] 5.6.2 Fusarium wilt: The disease is prone to occur at 28-30℃. In the early stage of the disease, 400 times diluted carbendazim can be used for irrigation.

[0096] 5.6.3 Taro soft rot: During the peak period of taro soft rot from June to August, use 1000 times diluted thiophanate-methyl and 800 times diluted "First Fine" microbial agent for root irrigation after typhoons and heavy rains. Apply once every 5 to 7 days for 2 to 3 times in a row.

[0097] 5.6.4 Spodoptera litura: 1.5% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate at 3000 times dilution can be used for spraying.

[0098] 5.6.5 Underground pests such as white grubs and mole crickets can be controlled by root irrigation with 1000-1500 times diluted 40% phoxim.

[0099] Comparative Example 1:

[0100] Except for the following operations, the remaining operations in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be described in detail.

[0101] The medium for subculture proliferation in step 1.4 is: MS + 3 mg / L 6-BA + 0.2 mg / L NAA + 30 g / L sucrose + 6 g / L carrageenan. The results are shown in Table 1:

[0102] Table 1 Proliferation of taro in different tissue cultures

[0103] Group Proliferation coefficient Growth Example 1 5.9 Dark green leaves, strong seedlings Comparative Example 1 3.8 Green leaves, slender seedlings

[0104] The proliferation coefficient (number of buds after subculture / number of inoculated buds) of the betel nut taro of Example 1 after 20 days of tissue culture and virus-free rapid propagation can reach 5.9, the induction rate of test tube taro can reach 100%, and the induced test tube taro seedlings have sturdy plants, well-developed root systems, and obvious betel nut patterns.

[0105] Comparative Example 2: Late spring cultivation mode of virus-free seedlings

[0106] 1. Tissue culture, virus-free and rapid propagation:

[0107] 1.1 Selection and disinfection of explants: Select healthy, pest-free taro plants with underground corms weighing more than 100g, wash them with tap water, then cut stem tips of 2cm×2cm×3cm and sterilize them in a clean bench. Soak them in 75% alcohol for 1min, wash them with sterile water 3-4 times, take them out and sterilize them in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 10min, shake them constantly, wash them with sterile water 5-6 times, place them on an inoculation tray, peel off stem tips with a diameter of 3-5mm, and inoculate them in adventitious bud induction medium.

[0108] 1.2 Adventitious bud induction: The shoot tip was inoculated in the adventitious bud induction medium, which was: MS + 4mg / L6-BA + 0.1mg / L NAA + 30g / L sucrose + 6g / L carrageenan. After inoculation, the plants were placed in the culture room for cultivation at a temperature of 25±2℃, in the dark for the first 7 days, and then in the light for 6 hours per day, with a light intensity of 1000lux.

[0109] 1.3 Virus detection: One seedling was selected from each adventitious bud cluster, and taro mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus were detected by RT-PCR. The bud clusters that were free of viruses were continued to be proliferated and cultured, while those that were not free of viruses were discarded.

[0110] 1.4 Subculture and proliferation culture: Cut off the upper leaves of the induced adventitious buds, keep the stem tip of about 1 cm, and inoculate 2 to 3 buds into a cluster in the proliferation medium. The proliferation medium is: YS + 3mg / L 6-BA + 0.2mg / L NAA + 30g / L sucrose + 6g / L carrageenan. After inoculation, place it in the culture room for culture at a temperature of 25±2℃, dark culture for the first 7 days, and then light for 8 hours per day, with a light intensity of 2000lux. Subculture and proliferation once every 25 to 30 days.

[0111] 1.5 Rooting culture: Cut the well-growing proliferating buds with a height of not less than 3 cm into individual plants and inoculate them in a medium containing MS + 0.02 mg / L NAA + 6 g / L carrageenan + 0.5 g / L activated carbon for rooting culture. The culture conditions are: temperature 25 ± 2 ° C, dark culture for 1 day after inoculation, and then light exposure for 12 hours per day, with a light intensity of 2000 lux.

[0112] 2. Transplanting seedlings: Temper the cultivated rooted seedlings under scattered light at room temperature for 3 days, and then wash off the root culture medium with clean water. In a special virus-free seedling nursery, transplant the cleaned rooted seedlings in a 90mm seedling cup for seedling cultivation. The seedling temperature is maintained at 15-30°C. The seedling medium is peat soil: perlite = 7:1 (v:v), and the water is wet when dry. After the seedlings grow new roots for a week, apply the "First Fine" microbial agent (800 times liquid), and then apply 1000 times balanced compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer once a week. When the seedlings are more than 15 cm tall and have 4-6 leaves, they can be planted out. Apply the "First Fine" microbial agent 800 times liquid once a week before transplanting to obtain virus-free seedlings.

[0113] 3. Field cultivation of virus-free seedlings:

[0114] 3.1 Seedling selection: Select virus-free seedlings that have been professionally cultivated and are healthy and free of pests and diseases as seedlings.

[0115] 3.2 Plot selection: Taro prefers moist soil. Choose loam or sandy loam fields where taro was not planted before, with good drainage and irrigation, loose and fertile soil, rich in organic matter, thick tillage layer, and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. The pH value should be 5.5-7.0.

[0116] 3.3 Land preparation and basal fertilizer application: remove the remaining branches and leaves of the previous crop, turn the soil more than 30 cm deep, and apply sufficient basal fertilizer. The basal fertilizer is 1000-1500 kg of organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of superphosphate, and 1500-2000 mL of microbial agent per mu. After leveling and harrowing (low on both sides and high in the middle), the furrow is about 2.1 m wide, 40-50 cm high, the high furrow is about 60 cm wide, the low furrow is about 50 cm wide, and the furrow is 50 cm wide.

[0117] 3.4 Planting: Planting should be carried out in mid-April, with a row spacing of 50-60 cm and about 2,000 plants per mu. The soil should be above the soil in the seedling cup during planting, and water should be poured after planting to establish roots.

[0118] 3.5 Field management

[0119] 3.5.1 Fertilization: Apply the "First Fine" microbial agent once after planting, 1500-2000mL per mu. Topdressing is applied in multiple times. The first topdressing is when the first new leaf of the seedling unfolds (about half a month after planting), 15kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the second topdressing is carried out in the early stage of vigorous growth (mid-June), 25kg of balanced compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the third topdressing is carried out in the vigorous growth period (mid-July), 30kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the fourth topdressing is carried out in the late stage of vigorous growth (mid-August), 25kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu.

[0120] 3.5.2 Water: During the seedling stage, the soil should be kept dry and moist to promote root growth. During the vigorous growth period, the demand for water is high, and water should be poured into half of the ditch and the upper ridges should be moist to keep the soil moist. Drain the accumulated water in the ditch 15 to 30 days before harvest to facilitate the conversion of taro starch.

[0121] 3.5.3 Soil cultivation: Soil cultivation is the key to taro cultivation. It can be combined with weeding and fertilization, and is generally carried out three times. The first soil cultivation is in mid-May, with shallow soil cultivation; the second soil cultivation is in mid-June, with a soil thickness of about 5 cm; the third soil cultivation is in mid-July, with a soil thickness of 7 to 10 cm. Soil cultivation can be carried out by moving the soil from the high ridge surface to the low ridge surface.

[0122] 3.6 Pest and disease control: The main pests and diseases of taro are taro blight, wilt, soft rot, and Spodoptera litura. In the early stage, the main damage is caused by blight and wilt, while in the later stage, taro soft rot is the most serious damage.

[0123] 3.6.1 Taro blight: Use 500 times diluted 50% methacryloyl wettable powder, 600 times diluted 50% copper formate wettable powder, 500 times diluted 58% formic acid·manganese zinc and 64% alum mixed by equal volumes to spray on the stems of the plants and the front and back sides of the leaves, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and repeat 2 to 3 times.

[0124] 3.6.2 Fusarium wilt: The disease is prone to occur at 28-30℃. In the early stage of the disease, 400 times diluted carbendazim can be used for irrigation.

[0125] 3.6.3 Taro soft rot: During the peak period of taro soft rot from June to August, use 1000 times diluted thiophanate-methyl and 800 times diluted "First Fine" microbial agent for root irrigation after typhoons and heavy rains. Apply once every 5 to 7 days for 2 to 3 times in succession.

[0126] 3.6.4 Spodoptera litura: 1.5% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate at 3000 times dilution can be used for spraying.

[0127] 3.6.5 Underground pests such as white grubs and mole crickets can be controlled by root irrigation with 1000-1500 times diluted 40% phoxim.

[0128] Comparative Example 3: Traditional cultivation mode of taro

[0129] 1. Seedling selection: Choose taro with strong and full terminal buds, plump bulbs, complete shapes, and no diseases or pests as seed taro.

[0130] 2. Land selection: Taro likes moist soil. Choose a loam or sandy loam field where taro was not planted before, with good drainage and irrigation, loose and fertile soil, rich in organic matter, thick tillage layer, and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. The pH value should be 5.5-7.0.

[0131] 3. Land preparation and basal fertilizer application: remove the remaining branches and leaves of the previous crop, turn the soil more than 30 cm deep, and apply sufficient basal fertilizer. Apply 1000-1500 kg of organic fertilizer and 15-20 kg of superphosphate per mu. After leveling and harrowing, build ridges (low on both sides and high in the middle). The ridges are about 2.0 m wide, 40-50 cm high, 50 cm wide on the high ridges, 50 cm wide on the low ridges, and 50 cm wide on the ridges.

[0132] 4. Planting: Planting can be carried out from January to March, with a row spacing of 50 to 60 cm. About 2,000 plants are planted per acre. When planting, the top buds should face upwards, and the planting depth should be enough to cover the top buds. After planting, water the plants enough to establish roots.

[0133] 5. Field management

[0134] 5.1 Fertilization: Topdressing is applied in multiple times. The first topdressing is done when the first new leaf of the seedling unfolds, and 15 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the second topdressing is done in the early stage of vigorous growth (mid-June), and 25 kg of high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the third topdressing is done in the vigorous growth period (mid-July), and 30 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the fourth topdressing is done in the late stage of vigorous growth (mid-August), and 25 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu.

[0135] 5.2 Water: During the seedling stage, the soil should be kept dry and moist to promote root growth. During the vigorous growth period, the demand for water is high, and water should be poured into half of the ditch and the upper ridges should be wet to keep the soil moist. Drain the accumulated water in the ditch 15 to 30 days before harvest to facilitate the conversion of taro starch.

[0136] 5.3 Soil cultivation: Soil cultivation is the key to taro cultivation. It can be combined with weeding and fertilization, and is generally carried out three times. The first soil cultivation is in mid-May, with shallow soil cultivation; the second soil cultivation is in mid-June, with a soil thickness of 5 cm; the third soil cultivation is in mid-July, with a soil thickness of 7 to 10 cm. Soil cultivation can be carried out by moving the soil from the high ridge surface to the low ridge surface.

[0137] 6. Disease and pest control: The main diseases and pests of taro are taro blight, taro wilt, taro soft rot, and Spodoptera litura. In the early stage, blight and wilt are the main hazards, while taro soft rot is the most serious in the later stage.

[0138] 6.1 Taro blight: Use 500 times diluted 50% methacryloyl wettable powder, 600 times diluted 50% copper formate wettable powder, 500 times diluted 58% formic acid·manganese zinc and 64% alum mixed by equal volumes to spray on the stems of the plants and the front and back sides of the leaves. Spray once every 7 to 10 days, and continue 2 to 3 times.

[0139] 6.2 Taro wilt: The disease is prone to occur at 28-30℃. In the early stage of the disease, 400 times diluted carbendazim can be used for irrigation.

[0140] 6.3 Taro soft rot: During the peak period of taro soft rot from June to August, use 2500 times diluted 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder or 600 times diluted 77% copper hydroxide (Copper Hydroxide) for root irrigation or spraying, once every 5 to 7 days, for 2 to 3 times in a row.

[0141] 6.4 Spodoptera litura: 1.5% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times diluted can be used for spraying.

[0142] 6.5 Underground pests such as white grubs and mole crickets can be controlled by root irrigation with 1000-1500 times diluted 40% phoxim.

[0143] Comparative Example 4: Late Spring Cultivation Mode of Taro

[0144] 1. Seedling selection: Choose taro with strong and full terminal buds, plump bulbs, complete shapes, and no diseases or pests as seed taro.

[0145] 2. Land selection: Taro likes moist soil. Choose a loam or sandy loam field where taro was not planted before, with good drainage and irrigation, loose and fertile soil, rich in organic matter, thick tillage layer, and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. The pH value should be 5.5-7.0.

[0146] 3. Land preparation and basal fertilizer application: remove the remaining branches and leaves of the previous crop, turn the soil more than 30 cm deep, and apply sufficient basal fertilizer. Apply 1000-1500 kg of organic fertilizer and 15-20 kg of superphosphate per mu. After leveling and harrowing, build ridges (low on both sides and high in the middle). The ridges are about 2.1m wide, 40-50 cm high, 60 cm wide on the high ridges, 50 cm wide on the low ridges, and 50 cm wide on the ridges.

[0147] 4. Planting: Planting should be carried out in mid-April, with a row spacing of 50 to 60 cm. About 2,000 plants are planted per acre. When planting, the top buds should face upwards and the planting depth should be enough to cover the top buds. After planting, water the plants enough to establish roots.

[0148] 5. Field management

[0149] 5.1 Fertilization: Topdressing is applied in multiple times. The first topdressing is when the first new leaf of the seedling unfolds, and 15 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the second topdressing is carried out in the early stage of vigorous growth (mid-June), and 25 kg of high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the third topdressing is carried out in the vigorous growth period (mid-July), and 30 kg of high-potassium fertilizer is applied per mu; the fourth topdressing is carried out in the late stage of vigorous growth (mid-August), and 25 kg of high-potassium fertilizer is applied per mu.

[0150] 5.2 Water: During the seedling stage, the soil should be kept dry and moist to promote root growth. During the vigorous growth period, the demand for water is high, and water should be poured into half of the ditch and the upper ridges should be wet to keep the soil moist. Drain the accumulated water in the ditch 15 to 30 days before harvest to facilitate the conversion of taro starch.

[0151] 5.3 Soil cultivation: Soil cultivation is the key to taro cultivation. It can be combined with weeding and fertilization, and is generally carried out three times. The first soil cultivation is in mid-May, with shallow soil cultivation; the second soil cultivation is in mid-June, with a soil thickness of 5 cm; the third soil cultivation is in mid-July, with a soil thickness of 7 to 10 cm. Soil cultivation can be carried out by moving the soil from the high ridge surface to the low ridge surface.

[0152] 6. Pest and disease control: The main taro pests and diseases are taro blight, taro wilt, taro soft rot, and Spodoptera litura. The early damage is mainly caused by blight and wilt, while taro soft rot is more serious in the later stage.

[0153] 6.1 Taro blight: Use 500 times diluted 50% methacryloyl wettable powder, 600 times diluted 50% copper formate wettable powder, 500 times diluted 58% formic acid·manganese zinc and 64% alum mixed by equal volumes to spray on the stems of the plants and the front and back sides of the leaves. Spray once every 7 to 10 days, and continue 2 to 3 times.

[0154] 6.2 Taro wilt: The disease is prone to occur at 28-30℃. In the early stage of the disease, 400 times diluted carbendazim can be used for irrigation.

[0155] 6.3 Taro soft rot: During the peak period of taro soft rot from June to August, use 2500 times diluted 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder or 600 times diluted 77% copper hydroxide (Copper Hydroxide) for root irrigation or spraying, once every 5 to 7 days, for 2 to 3 times in a row.

[0156] 6.4 Spodoptera litura: 1.5% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times diluted can be used for spraying.

[0157] 6.5 Underground pests such as white grubs and mole crickets can be controlled by root irrigation with 1000-1500 times diluted 40% phoxim.

[0158] The production conditions of betel nut taro in various embodiments and comparative examples are shown in Table 2.

[0159] Table 2 Comparison of production of betel nut and taro in different groups

[0160]

[0161] As can be seen from the above comparison results, compared with Reference Example 2, the embodiment can avoid the problems of low seedling survival rate, too many sub-taro, and low main taro yield after planting of taro detoxified seedlings, and can also reduce the production cost of taro. Compared with Reference Examples 3 and 4, the embodiment solves the problems of virus accumulation, species degradation, yield decline, and serious occurrence of diseases and insect pests caused by long-term repeated seed planting of betel nut taro. The late spring cultivation mode not only avoids the harm of late spring cold, but also avoids the occurrence of diseases such as taro blight and taro wilt caused by the growth of taro seedlings due to the large amount of rain in the plum rain season and insufficient light. For the taro soft rot with the highest incidence rate and the most serious harm in betel nut taro, biological control is carried out by applying the "first fine" microbial agent during the planting period. During the high incidence period of taro soft rot, the microbial agent and the bactericide work together to play a good role in the prevention and control of taro soft rot.

[0162] The method of the present invention changes the traditional cultivation mode which focuses on disease and pest control, and adopts an innovative mode which focuses on plant health, constructs a healthy soil microbial ecosystem, thereby achieving the effect of improving quality and increasing efficiency, and promoting the rapid and healthy development of the taro industry.

[0163] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the present invention. Within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention, any modifications and changes made to the present invention by a person skilled in the art should also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding poison-free seed taro of betel nut taro, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: (1) Tissue culture, virus-free and rapid propagation: S1. Selection and disinfection of explants: Select healthy and pest-free taro plants, clean them, cut off the stem tips, and disinfect them; S2. Adventitious bud induction: The sterilized shoot tips were inoculated into adventitious bud induction medium for adventitious bud induction. The adventitious bud induction medium was: MS + 4 mg / L 6-BA + 0.1 mg / L NAA + 30 g / L sucrose + 6 g / L carrageenan. The culture temperature was 25 ± 2 °C. The first 7 days were dark cultured, and then the light was illuminated for 6 hours per day, with a light intensity of 1000 lux. S3. Virus detection: Select seedlings from the adventitious buds to test for taro mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus. After testing, the induced buds that have been free of viruses are continued to be proliferated and cultured, and the buds that have not been free of viruses are removed; S4. Subculture proliferation culture: the induced adventitious buds were cut off from the upper leaves, the stem tips were retained, and inoculated into a proliferation medium for culture. The proliferation medium was: YS + 3mg / L 6-BA + 0.2mg / L NAA + 30g / L sucrose + 6g / L carrageenan. The culture temperature was 25±2℃. The first 7 days were dark cultured, and then the light was illuminated for 8 hours per day, and the light intensity was 2000lux. The YS medium contains the following ingredients: 1650 mg / L NH4NO3, 1900 mg / L KNO3, 220 mg / L CaCl2·2H2O, 277 mg / L MgSO4·7H2O, 255 mg / L KH2PO4, 22.3 mg / L MnSO4·4H2O, 8.6 mg / L ZnSO4·7H2O, 6.2 mg / L H3BO3, 0.83 mg / L KI, 0.25 mg / L Na2MoO4·2H2O, 0.25 mg / L CuSO4·5H2O, 0.025 mg / L CoCl, 37.13 mg / L FeSO4·7H2O, 49.6 mg / L Na2·EDTA, 100 mg / L inositol, 2.0 mg / L glycine, 0.1 mg / L thiamine hydrochloride, 0.5 mg / L nicotinic acid, 0.5 mg / L pyridoxine hydrochloride, pH 5.8, solvent is water; (2) Induction of test tube taro: inoculate the proliferating buds into a test tube taro induction medium for induction of test tube taro, wherein the test tube taro induction medium is GS+0.5mg / L 6-BA+0.01mg / L NAA+60g / L sucrose+6g / L carrageenan, culture, cut off the yellow leaves and roots growing on the test tube taro, inoculate into a hormone-free medium for further culture, cut off the yellow leaves and roots growing on the test tube taro again after one culture cycle, and inoculate into a hormone-free medium; repeat the inoculation into the hormone-free medium for 3 times for induction of test tube taro, wherein the hormone-free medium is GS+60g / L sucrose+6g / L carrageenan, and the culture conditions are: temperature 25±2°C, dark culture for 1 day after inoculation, and then light exposure for 12 hours per day, with a light intensity of 2000lux; The GS medium contained the following ingredients: 1200 mg / L NH4NO3, 2100 mg / L KNO3, 220 mg / L CaCl2·2H2O, 370 mg / L MgSO4·7H2O, 255 mg / L KH2PO4, 22.3 mg / L MnSO4·4H2O, 8.6 mg / L ZnSO4·7H2O, 6.2 mg / L H3BO3, 0.83 mg / L KI, 0.25 mg / L Na2MoO4·2H2O, 0.25 mg / L CuSO4·5H2O, 0.025 mg / L CoCl, 37.3 mg / L FeSO4·7H2O, 27.8 mg / L Na2·EDTA, 2.0 mg / L glycine, 0.1 mg / L thiamine hydrochloride, 0.5 mg / L nicotinic acid, 0.5 mg / L pyridoxine hydrochloride, pH 5. 5.8, the solvent is water; (3) Transplanting seedlings: The cultured test tube taro is hardened under scattered light at room temperature; then the root culture medium is washed off, and the cleaned test tube seedlings are transplanted in a seedling cup for seedling cultivation; after new roots grow, microbial agents are applied, and then balanced compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer is applied; when the seedlings are more than 15 cm tall and have 4 to 6 leaves, they can be transplanted, and after cultivation, virus-free seed taro can be obtained; The hedging seedling raising method comprises the following steps: placing the cultured test tube taro under scattered light at room temperature for 3 days, and then washing the root culture medium with clean water; hedging the washed test tube seedlings in a seedling raising cup, and placing them in a virus-free seedling nursery for seedling raising, wherein the seedling raising temperature is maintained at 15-30°C, and the seedling raising matrix is: peat soil: perlite = 7:1 (v:v); after the seedlings are allowed to grow new roots for one week, 800 times liquid of "First Fine" microbial agent is applied, and then 1000 times balanced compound fertilizer liquid is applied once a week; when the seedlings are more than 15 cm in height and have 4-6 leaves, they can be planted out, and 800 times liquid of "First Fine" microbial agent is applied again one week before planting out, thereby obtaining virus-free seedlings; The "First Fine" microbial agent was purchased from Guangzhou Plant Dragon Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; The balanced compound liquid fertilizer was purchased from Yara International Norway Ltd.

2. The method for breeding the virus-free seed taro of betel nut taro according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explant selection and disinfection comprises the following steps: selecting a betel taro plant that is healthy and free of pests and diseases and has an underground corm of more than 100g, washing it with tap water, cutting a stem tip of 2cm×2cm×3cm in size, placing it in a clean workbench for sterilization, soaking it in 75% alcohol by volume for 1min, washing it with sterile water for 3-4 times, taking it out and placing it in a 0.1% mercuric chloride solution by mass for sterilization for 10min, shaking it continuously during the process, washing it with sterile water for 5-6 times, placing it on an inoculation tray, peeling a stem tip with a diameter of 3-5mm, and obtaining a sterilized stem tip.

3. The method for breeding the virus-free seed taro of betel nut taro according to claim 1, characterized in that, The taro mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus detection is to use the RT-PCR method to detect the taro mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus.

4. A method for efficiently cultivating betel nut taro in late spring, characterized in that: The method comprises the cultivation of virus-free seed taro obtained in claim 1, 2 or 3 and field cultivation of virus-free seed taro; The virus-free taro cultivation comprises the following steps: S1. Seedling selection: Select virus-free taro seeds that have been transplanted; S2. Planting: Planting can be carried out from February to April. Use coarse-grained peat soil: perlite = 7:1 (v:v) as the planting matrix, add water and mix well, put it into a non-woven planting bag, add balanced compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, and then continue to add the matrix to 3 / 5 of the planting bag, plant the virus-free seedlings into the planting bag filled with the matrix, and the planting depth should be above the surface of the virus-free seedling cup soil. The planted bag seedlings are placed on the greenhouse seedling bed frame. After planting, use 800 times the "First Fine" microbial agent as the rooting water for watering, so that all the seeds are moistened; S3. Management S3.1 Fertilization: Topdressing was applied in multiple times. The first topdressing was carried out when the first new leaf of the seedling unfolded, and 30g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer was applied to each plant; the second topdressing was carried out in the early stage of vigorous growth, and 50g of balanced compound fertilizer was applied to each plant; the third topdressing was carried out in the middle stage of vigorous growth, and 50g of high-potassium compound fertilizer was applied to each plant; the fourth topdressing was carried out in the late stage of vigorous growth, and 50g of high-potassium compound fertilizer was applied to each plant; the fifth topdressing was carried out in the late stage of vigorous growth, and 50g of high-potassium compound fertilizer was applied to each plant; the high-potassium compound fertilizer was purchased from Yara Norway International Co., Ltd.; S3.2 Water: Use drip irrigation for watering, which is carried out from 5:00 to 9:00 every day to keep the water moist; S3.3 Temperature: When the greenhouse temperature exceeds 35°C, turn on the fan water curtain to cool down; S3.4 Soil covering: Soil covering should be carried out in two times, and fertilization should be carried out at the same time; the first soil covering should be carried out in the early stage of vigorous growth, and coarse-grained peat soil should be added to the planting bag to 4 / 5 after fertilization; the second soil covering should be carried out in the middle stage of vigorous growth, and coarse-grained peat soil should be added to the planting bag to be flush with the planting bag after fertilization; S4. Harvesting: When the taro leaves begin to turn yellow and wither, the main taro is harvested, and no watering is performed, and the soil is kept dry. When the taro is planted in the second year, the sub-taro is dug up as a seed taro; The virus-free taro field cultivation: S1. Selection of seed taro: Select professionally cultivated, healthy, pest-free and virus-free taro as seed taro; the seed taro needs to be dug 3 to 7 days in advance, dried on the surface, and classified by size; S2. Plot selection: Taro likes moist soil. Choose a plot of loam or sandy loam where taro has not been planted before, with good drainage and irrigation, loose and fertile soil, rich in organic matter, thick tillage layer, and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. The pH value should be 5.5-7.0; S3. Land preparation and basal fertilizer application: remove the remaining branches and leaves of the previous crop, deep plow more than 30 cm, apply sufficient basal fertilizer, 1 000-1 500 kg of organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of superphosphate, and 1500-2000 mL of microbial agent per mu; level and harrow the soil and then make ridges. The ridges are about 2.1 m wide, 40-50 cm high, 60 cm wide on the high ridges, 50 cm wide on the low ridges, and 50 cm wide on the ridges; S4. Planting: Planting should be carried out in mid-April, with a row spacing of 50 to 60 cm, and about 2,000 plants per mu; plant them separately according to their size, with the top buds facing upward and the soil covering the top buds, and water them enough to establish roots after planting; S5. Field management S5.1 Fertilization: Apply "First Fine" microbial agent once after planting, 1500-2000mL per mu; topdressing is applied in multiple times, the first topdressing is when the first new leaf of the seedling unfolds, 15kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the second topdressing is carried out in the early stage of vigorous growth, 25kg of balanced compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the third topdressing is carried out in the vigorous growth period, 30kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the fourth topdressing is carried out at the end of vigorous growth, 25kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu; the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is purchased from Yara Norway International Co., Ltd.; S5.2 Water: Keep the soil moist when the soil is dry or wet during the seedling stage to promote root growth; during the vigorous growth period, the soil needs a lot of water, so water should be poured into half of the ditch and the upper ridges should be moist to keep the soil moist; drain the water in the ditch 15 to 30 days before harvesting to facilitate the conversion of taro starch; S5.3 Soil cultivation: Soil cultivation is the key to taro cultivation. It can be combined with weeding and fertilization, and is generally carried out three times. The first soil cultivation is in mid-May, with shallow soil cultivation; the second soil cultivation is in mid-June, with a soil thickness of about 5 cm; the third soil cultivation is in mid-July, with a soil thickness of 7 to 10 cm; soil cultivation can be carried out by moving the soil from the high ridge surface to the low ridge surface; S6. Pest and disease control: The main pests and diseases of taro are taro blight, wilt, soft rot, and Spodoptera litura. In the early stage, blight and wilt are the main damage, while in the later stage, taro soft rot is the most serious damage. S6.1 Taro blight: 500 times diluted 50% methacryloyl WP, 600 times diluted 50% copper formate WP, 500 times diluted 58% formic acid·manganese zinc + 64% antiseptic alum can be used to spray the stems and the front and back of the leaves of the plants, once every 7 to 10 days, for 2 to 3 times in succession; S6.2 Fusarium wilt: It is easy to get sick at 28-30℃. In the early stage of the disease, 400 times of carbendazim solution can be used for irrigation; S6.3 Taro soft rot: During the peak period of taro soft rot from June to August, use 1000 times diluted thiophanate-methyl and 800 times diluted "First Fine" microbial agent for root irrigation after typhoons and heavy rains. Apply once every 5 to 7 days for 2 to 3 times in succession. S6.4 Spodoptera litura: 1.5% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times diluted can be used for spraying; S6.5 Underground pests such as white grubs and mole crickets: They can be controlled by root irrigation with 1000-1500 times diluted 40% phoxim.

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