An anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure anchor device and its use method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an anti-de-anchoring constant resistance pressure-yielding anchor rod device and a method of using the same, which belong to the field of mine shafts, tunnels, and underground engineering support. It utilizes the relative sliding of the threaded section at the end of the special-shaped anchor rod in the sleeve to achieve the pressure-yielding function, that is, when the surrounding rock undergoes a large deformation, the anchor rod device can simultaneously achieve a constant resistance large deformation to ensure that the anchor rod and the anchoring structure are not damaged; the relative sliding between the anti-de-anchoring device and the diameter increasing section of the special-shaped anchor rod is utilized to provide constant resistance. When the anchor rod and the anchoring agent or the anchor body and the surrounding rock fail to de-anchor, the anti-de-anchoring device will automatically take remedial measures to ensure the safety of the support project. This structure can not only achieve the pressure-yielding effect, but also automatically implement remedial measures for the de-anchoring failure phenomenon, and has the advantages of diverse functions, reliable anchoring, reasonable structure, and economic applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure-yielding anchor rod device and a use method thereof, and belongs to the field of mine shafts, tunnels and underground engineering support. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of infrastructure construction, more and more mines, highways, railways, hydropower, subways, and urban underground space projects are facing more complex engineering conditions, bringing with them more geotechnical support issues in roadways, tunnels, slopes, foundation pits, and other areas. Anchor support is currently the most commonly used technical means in geotechnical support, especially in controlling the stability of surrounding rock in underground roadways, tunnels, and tunnel openings. As a key technology in the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM), it is currently the most widely used support method. As coal mining depths and tunnel burial depths continue to increase, the mining environment and geological conditions are becoming increasingly complex. Deep underground projects are affected by multiple factors, including great burial depth, high ground stress, and weak rock mass. On the one hand, the loads imposed by the rock and soil on the support structure are even greater. Coupled with the superposition of additional effects such as mining, mine tremors, earthquakes, and rock bursts, the stress and deformation of the support anchor rods in the project can easily exceed their limit values, and the problem of anchor rod breakage and failure is becoming increasingly prominent (anchor rods are generally made of metal rods. Under tensile loads, they are stretched to the point of breaking, which is a basic property of the anchor rod body and a common phenomenon in rock and soil support projects). Anchor rod breakage is particularly pronounced in mining tunnels affected by mining. On the other hand, because the surrounding rock of some projects is relatively weak and fractured, the anchoring effect between the anchor rod and the surrounding rock is poor, and the anchoring force is insufficient. This can lead to the anchor rod becoming detached or pulled out, causing the anchor support to fail, which in turn can cause safety accidents such as roof falls, collapses, and landslides in the anchor support project.

[0003] Under more extensive conditions of deep burial depth, high stress, soft rock, and crushing, local anchor breakage and unanchoring often lead to the overall collapse and failure of the support structure, complicating the stability control of geotechnical and underground engineering projects and posing safety hazards. To address the technical challenges of supporting large deformations of the surrounding rock in deep underground projects, anchors must provide both a constant support force (support resistance, i.e., the force exerted by the anchor on the surrounding rock, which is key to the anchor's support function) and, after loading, a significant elongation and deformation of the anchor body to meet the requirements of large deformations of the surrounding rock. To this end, various forms of yield anchors or related yield devices have been developed, which have alleviated the problem of large deformations of the surrounding rock to a certain extent. However, anchor support is a concealed project (once driven into the rock mass, the anchor cannot be seen again, making the designed support parameters difficult to verify). On the one hand, the relevant technologies and equipment for detecting the anchoring effect of the anchor and whether anchor failure has occurred are not mature. Currently, the anchor pullout test is commonly used to determine the anchoring force of the anchor (the main method is to use an anchor puller to pull the anchor from the rock mass, and the ultimate load when the anchor is pulled out is the anchoring force). However, this is a destructive test and can only be used for verification or spot checks, not for large-scale use. Otherwise, a large number of anchors in the rock mass will be pulled out, causing support failure. On the other hand, due to factors such as unreasonable anchor structure design and anchor disengagement, the support resistance applied by the anchor continuously decreases, resulting in poor anchor support effectiveness and even inducing accidents such as roof falls, collapses, and landslides, posing a significant safety impact. Although some yield anchors have been designed, their complex structure and high production costs have hindered the promotion and application of yield anchors. Based on the above problems, there is an urgent need to develop an anchor device that can not only provide constant support force, but also produce large elongation deformation to meet the requirements of large deformation of surrounding rock, and can also take remedial measures for anchor failure, that is, an anchor device that integrates constant resistance, deformation pressure relief and failure remediation functions to solve existing problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problem: In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, an anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure anchor device and its use method are provided, which can not only provide a constant support force, but also produce a large elongation deformation to meet the requirements of large deformation of the surrounding rock, and can also remedy the failure of anchoring.

[0005] Technical solution: An anti-anchoring constant resistance yielding anchor device, comprising a special-shaped anchor, wherein the end of the special-shaped anchor is provided with an anchor thread section II, an end anchoring device is provided on the anchor thread section II, an anchor slide section is provided in the middle section of the special-shaped anchor, an anti-anchoring device is provided on the anchor slide section, an anchor thread section I is provided at the tail of the special-shaped anchor, an anti-slip nut and a tray are provided on the anchor thread section I, a solid anchor section is formed between the anchor thread section I and the anchor slide section, and a section of the special-shaped anchor between the portion of the special-shaped anchor where the anti-anchoring device is installed and the end anchoring device is a section of increasing anchor diameter, wherein the cross-sectional diameters of the anchor thread section I, the solid anchor section, the anchor slide section, and the anchor thread section II are the same;

[0006] The anchor rod slideway section has a special-shaped cross section, and its outer surface is provided with multiple groove slideways. The anti-anchoring device slides with the anchor rod slideway section through the groove slideways.

[0007] The end anchoring device includes a sleeve, and the anchor thread section II of the special-shaped anchor rod is inserted into the sleeve, wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve matches the diameter of the rod thread section II, and the anchor thread section II is provided with a flat thread, and the gear teeth of the gear bolt match and mesh with the flat thread. A plurality of square inner grooves are provided in the sleeve on the upper and lower sides of the rod thread section II, and a gear bolt is provided in each square inner groove, wherein the gear bolt includes a gear whose gear teeth match the flat thread, and a screw is axially provided at the circular part of the gear, and a bolt hole matching the gear bolt is provided in each square inner groove, and the screw of the gear bolt can pass through as the gear rotates. The thread rotates into the bolt hole, and a high-elastic spring is provided in the space inside the bolt hole in the direction of the screw being screwed in. When the surrounding rock changes and the special-shaped anchor rod is subjected to tension, the flat thread on the anchor rod thread section II slides relative to the sleeve. During the sliding process, the flat thread drives the gear bolt to rotate, and the screw rotates in the bolt hole as the gear rotates and moves vertically downward, squeezing the high-elastic spring in the bolt hole and compressing the high-elastic spring. As the degree of compression of the high-elastic spring becomes higher and higher, the reaction force of the high-elastic spring resists the continued rotation of the gear bolt, thereby preventing the special-shaped anchor rod from continuing to slide with the sleeve, and completing the anchoring.

[0008] Furthermore, the inner side surface of the sleeve is provided with square inner grooves at intervals along the circumference, and 4 to 6 square inner grooves are evenly arranged on each cross section.

[0009] Furthermore, the anti-anchoring device is a sleeve structure, with flange structures matching the preset drill holes at both ends of the sleeve structure, and a packaged anchoring agent is wound around the outside of the sleeve structure between the flange structures at both ends; the outside of the sleeve structure is an annular groove, and wedge-shaped serrations are welded on the annular groove. A circle of wedge-shaped serrations are arranged relatively along the circumference on the inside of the flange structure to break the package of the anchoring agent and fully stir and mix the anchoring agent. After the anchoring agent solidifies, an anchoring agent cement body is formed; the inside of the sleeve structure matches the anchor rod slide section, and an inner concave is provided between the wedge-shaped serrations of the sleeve structure Groove, each inner groove is provided with a retractable serration movably connected through a metal support shaft, a spring is provided between the bottom of the serration through the metal wing plate and the inner groove, the serration tip points to the outside of the anchor hole, and the spring is always in a compressed state; when the special-shaped anchor rod slides, the anti-anchoring device slides to the anchor rod diameter increasing section through the groove slideway, and the metal support shaft is axially squeezed and moves axially in the groove slideway part, the serration extends out and embeds into the anchor agent cement, and the spring is further compressed, which further restricts the movement of the metal support shaft, thereby restricting the sliding of the special-shaped anchor rod.

[0010] Furthermore, the minimum cross-sectional diameter of the anchor rod diameter increasing section of the special-shaped anchor rod is the same as that of other sections, and the maximum cross-sectional diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the anti-anchoring device; the tail end of the metal shaft support is deeply inserted into the groove slideway, that is, the anti-anchoring device can rotate synchronously with the special-shaped anchor rod.

[0011] Furthermore, a cylindrical protrusion is provided at the end of the anchor rod diameter increasing section, and the embedded sleeve is provided with a recessed hole at a position matching the cylindrical protrusion. The cylindrical protrusion is embedded in the recessed hole reserved in the sleeve, so that the sleeve can also rotate synchronously with the special-shaped anchor rod.

[0012] A working method of an anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure anchor device, the steps of which are as follows:

[0013] First, drill an anchor hole at a pre-marked location in the surrounding rock, slide the threaded section II of the special-shaped anchor into the sleeve, and wrap the anchoring agent around the anti-anchoring device.

[0014] Slide the anti-anchoring device into the anchor thread section I of the special-shaped anchor rod, move it to the anchor rod slide section, and ensure that the metal support shaft is embedded in the groove slide; the high elasticity spring in the bolt hole is in a compressed state after the special-shaped anchor rod is slid in, but there is a compression margin for reorganization;

[0015] Then, put the anchoring agent mortar roll, curing agent roll and anti-anchoring constant resistance anchor rod pressure device into the anchor hole, start the agitator to drive the special-shaped anchor rod to rotate and stir;

[0016] The tail of the metal shaft support in the anti-anchoring device is embedded in the groove slideway, and the anti-anchoring device rotates synchronously with the special-shaped anchor rod;

[0017] The annular groove on the anti-anchoring device is welded with wedge-shaped saw teeth. The stirrer drives the rotating special-shaped anchor rod, and the wedge-shaped saw teeth crush the anchoring agent and fully stir it to form an anchoring agent colloid.

[0018] After the anchoring agent solidifies, install the tray and anti-slip nut on the exposed anchor thread section I of the anchor hole in sequence. Pre-tighten the anti-slip nut to provide pre-tightening force along the thread rise angle to complete the installation of the fixed-length anchor.

[0019] When the surrounding rock is deformed, the tray is squeezed. At this time, the anchor thread section II of the special-shaped anchor rod will slide relative to the sleeve, and the threads on the anchor thread section II drive the gear bolt to rotate. At this time, the high-elastic spring at the bottom of the bolt hole is further compressed. The mechanical energy stored in the continuously compressed high-elastic spring will limit the gear bolt from rotating toward the bottom of the bolt hole, thereby limiting the movement of the special-shaped anchor rod, achieving the effect of constant resistance and pressure relief. At the same time, the anti-anchoring device remains in the drill hole unchanged due to the anchoring agent cement, but the special-shaped anchor rod moves outward due to deformation, thereby causing the anti-anchoring device to slide relatively along the anchor rod diameter increasing section, and the metal support shaft is axially squeezed and moves axially in the groove slideway. At this time, the anti-anchoring device moves on the groove slideway without force. After the serrations are extruded and embedded in the anchoring agent cement, the anti-anchoring device enters the anchor rod diameter increasing section and begins to be subjected to force. The spring is compressed, further limiting the movement of the metal support shaft, thereby limiting the continued sliding of the special-shaped anchor rod.

[0020] The special-shaped anchor rod and the surrounding rock are deformed together, and the gear bolt and the anti-anchoring device provide constant resistance together and simultaneously, ultimately achieving the pressure-releasing effect.

[0021] Furthermore, when the deformation and destruction of the surrounding rock causes the anchoring agent bond and the special-shaped anchor rod to become detached, or the anchoring agent bond and the surrounding rock to become detached, the anti-detaching anchor device will slide relatively along the increasing diameter section of the anchor rod, and the metal support shaft will be axially squeezed and moved axially in the groove slide part, and the serrations will be extruded and embedded in the anchoring agent bond. The spring will be further compressed, which will further limit the movement of the metal support shaft and thus limit the slippage of the special-shaped anchor rod; and another part of the serrations will be extruded and embedded in the surrounding rock, and the serrations in the flange structure on both sides of the anti-detaching anchor device will be compressed and extruded and embedded in the anchor hole wall. At this time, the telescopic teeth in the middle of the anti-detaching anchor device are embedded in the anchoring agent bond, while those on both sides, that is, in the flange structure, are embedded in the anchor hole wall. Once detached, the telescopic teeth embedded in the anchor hole wall assist the anti-detaching anchor device in bearing force, further strengthening the anchoring force between the surrounding rock and the anti-detaching anchor device, so that the anti-detaching anchor device can automatically implement remedial measures when detachment fails.

[0022] Beneficial effects: The present invention has the functions of providing a constant support force, generating a large elongation deformation to meet the requirements of large deformation of the surrounding rock, and automatically remedying the failure of anchoring, which makes up for the defects of existing anchor rods or pressure anchor rods that are difficult or impossible to rework and support after the failure of anchoring. Constant resistance is provided by the obstruction of the high-strength spring on the gear bolt and the obstruction of the anchor rod diameter increasing section on the anti-anchoring device; the requirements of large deformation of the surrounding rock are met by the sliding of the sleeve and the anchor rod thread section and the sliding of the anti-anchoring device in the anchor rod diameter increasing section; the remedial measures of anchor body-anchor rod failure or anchor body-surrounding rock failure are completed by the limit clamping of the anti-anchoring device; the anchoring force between the anchor body and the surrounding rock is strengthened by the serrations in the anti-anchoring device embedded in the surrounding rock. The anchor rod integrates multiple functions in one, and the overall process adopts a combination of anchoring agent anchoring and mechanical anchoring, which solves the problem that traditional ordinary anchor rods cannot meet the large deformation of the surrounding rock and solves the problem that it is difficult or impossible to remedy the failure of existing pressure anchor rods after anchoring. The present invention has a simple structure, low price, stable function, and can greatly reduce support costs. The automatic remedial function after unanchoring can effectively reduce the occurrence of accidents and ensure the safety of workers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the anchor hole structure used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure anchor device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the installation of the anti-anchoring constant resistance yielding anchor rod device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] FIG4( a ) is an enlarged schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the gear bolt in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4(b) is a schematic diagram of a gear bolt in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] FIG5( a ) is a schematic diagram of an anti-anchoring device according to the present invention;

[0029] FIG5( b ) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the anti-anchoring device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the anchor rod slideway section of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the compression deformation of the end anchoring device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] In the figure: 1-surrounding rock, 2-special-shaped anchor rod, 3-anti-slip nut, 4-tray, 5-anchor hole, 6-anchor rod thread section I, 7-anchor rod solid section, 8-anchor rod slide section, 9-anchor rod diameter increasing section, 10-anchor rod thread section II, 11-sleeve, 12-square inner groove, 13-gear bolt, 14-anti-anchoring device, 15-groove slide, 16-wedge-shaped serrations, 17-spring, 18-metal wing plate, 19-metal support shaft, 20-inner groove, 21-high elastic spring, 22-screw hole, 23-annular groove, 24-serrations, 25-anchoring agent binder, 26-cylindrical protrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments in the accompanying drawings:

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure anchor device of the present invention comprises a special-shaped anchor 2, the end of the special-shaped anchor 2 is provided with an anchor thread section II 10, the anchor thread section II 10 is provided with an end anchoring device, the middle section of the special-shaped anchor 2 is provided with an anchor slide section 8, the anchor slide section 8 is provided with an anti-anchoring device 14, the tail of the special-shaped anchor 2 is provided with an anchor thread section I 6, the anchor thread section I 6 is provided with an anti-slip wire nut 3 and a tray 4, the anchor thread section I 6 to the anchor slide section 8 is an anchor solid section 7, the portion between the portion of the special-shaped anchor 2 where the anti-anchoring device 14 is installed and the end anchoring device is an anchor diameter increasing section 9, wherein the anchor thread section I 6, the anchor solid section 7, the anchor slide section 8 and the anchor thread section II 1 are provided with an anti-slip wire nut 3 and a tray 4, the anchor thread section I 6 to the anchor slide section 8 are ... anchor thread section I 6 and the anchor slide section 8 are an anchor diameter increasing section 9, 0 cross-sectional diameter is the same; the anchor rod slideway section 8 is a special-shaped cross-section, and a plurality of groove slideways 15 are provided on its outer surface, and the anti-anchoring device 14 slides with the anchor rod slideway section 8 through the groove slideways 15; the end anchoring device includes a sleeve 11, and the anchor rod thread section II 10 of the special-shaped anchor rod 2 is inserted into the sleeve 11, wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve 11 matches the diameter of the rod thread section II 10, and square inner grooves 12 are provided on the upper and lower sides of the rod thread section II 10, and a gear bolt 13 is provided in each square inner groove 12, and a flat thread is provided on the anchor rod thread section II 10, and the gear teeth of the gear bolt 13 match and mesh with the flat thread, so that when the sleeve 11 and the anchor rod thread section II 10 slide relative to each other, the gear bolt 13 rotates and increases the anchoring force.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, first, an anchor hole 5 is drilled at a pre-marked position in the surrounding rock 1, the anchor thread section II 10 of the special-shaped anchor rod 2 is slid into the sleeve 11, and the anchoring agent is wound on the anti-anchoring device 14; the anti-anchoring device 14 is slid into the anchor thread section I 6 of the special-shaped anchor rod 2, so that it is moved to the anchor rod slide section 8, and it is ensured that the metal support shaft 19 is embedded in the groove slide 15; the high elasticity spring 21 in the bolt hole 22 is in a compressed state after the special-shaped anchor rod 2 is slid in, but a compression margin for reorganization is left.

[0036] Then, the anchoring agent mortar roll, the curing agent roll and the anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure anchor rod device are sent into the anchor hole 5, and the agitator is started to drive the special-shaped anchor rod 2 to rotate and stir; the tail of the metal shaft support 19 in the anti-anchoring device 14 is embedded in the groove slideway 15, and the anti-anchoring device 14 rotates synchronously with the special-shaped anchor rod 2; wedge-shaped serrations 16 are welded on the annular groove 23 on the anti-anchoring device 14, and the agitator is used to drive the rotating special-shaped anchor rod 2, and the wedge-shaped serrations 16 crush the anchoring agent and fully stir it to form an anchoring agent colloid 25; after waiting for the anchoring agent to solidify, the tray 4 and the anti-slip nut 3 are sequentially installed on the anchor rod thread section I 6 exposed outside the anchor hole 5, and the pre-tightening force is provided along the thread rise angle by pre-tightening the anti-slip nut 3 to complete the installation of the fixed-length anchor.

[0037] As shown in Figures 4(a) and 4(b), square inner grooves 12 are provided on the inner side of the sleeve 11 at intervals along the circumference, and 4 to 6 square inner grooves 12 are evenly arranged on each section. Bolt holes 22 are provided in the square inner grooves 12. The gear bolt 13 includes a gear with gear teeth and a flat thread core. A screw is connected to the center of the gear through a thread. The screw is set in the bolt hole 22 in the square inner groove 12. The screw of the gear bolt 13 enters the bolt hole 22 through the thread rotation. When the anchor thread section II 10 moves outward in the sleeve 11, a high elastic spring 21 is provided at the bottom of the bolt hole 22 in the screw-in direction of the bolt hole 22. When the gear bolt 13 and the flat thread produce relative sliding, the screw rotates in the bolt hole 22 as the gear rotates and moves vertically downward, squeezing the high elastic spring 21 in the bolt hole 22, compressing the high elastic spring 21. As the compression degree of the high elastic spring 21 becomes higher and higher, the elasticity of the compression of the high elastic spring 21 is used to resist the gear bolt 13 from moving downward.

[0038] As shown in Figures 5(a) and 5(b), the anti-anchoring device 14 is a sleeve structure, with flange structures matching the preset drill holes at both ends of the sleeve structure, and a packaged anchoring agent is wound around the outside of the sleeve structure between the flange structures at both ends; the outside of the sleeve structure is an annular groove 23, and a wedge-shaped serration 16 is welded on the annular groove 23. A circle of wedge-shaped serrations 16 are provided on the inner side of the flange structure along the circumference to break the package of the anchoring agent and fully stir and mix the anchoring agent. After the anchoring agent solidifies, an anchoring agent cement body 25 is formed; the inner side of the sleeve structure matches the anchor rod slideway section 8, and an inner groove 20 is provided between the wedge-shaped serrations 16 of the sleeve structure, each inner groove 20 is provided. The grooves 20 are each provided with retractable serrations 24 movably connected through a metal support shaft 19. A spring 17 is provided between the bottom of the serrations 24 and the inner groove 20 through the metal wing plate 18. The tips of the serrations 24 point to the outside of the anchor hole 5, and the spring 17 is always in a compressed state. When the special-shaped anchor rod 2 slides, the anti-anchoring device 14 slides toward the anchor rod diameter increasing section 9 through the groove slide 15. The metal support shaft 19 is axially squeezed and moves axially in the groove slide 15. The serrations 24 extend out and are embedded in the anchoring agent adhesive 25. The spring 17 is further compressed, which further limits the movement of the metal support shaft 19, thereby limiting the sliding of the special-shaped anchor rod 2.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, the anchor rod slideway section 8 has a special-shaped cross section, and a groove slideway 15 is provided on the outer side thereof, into which the tail portion of the metal support shaft 19 in the anti-anchoring device 14 can be embedded and slide on the groove slideway 15 .

Claims

1. An anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure anchor device, characterized by: It comprises a special-shaped anchor rod (2), wherein the end of the special-shaped anchor rod (2) is provided with an anchor rod thread section II (10), an end anchoring device is provided on the anchor rod thread section II (10), an anchor rod slide section (8) is provided on the middle section of the special-shaped anchor rod (2), an anchor rod slide section (8) is provided with an anti-anchoring device (14), an anchor rod thread section I (6) is provided at the tail of the special-shaped anchor rod (2), an anti-slip nut (3) and a tray (4) are provided on the anchor rod thread section I (6), an anchor rod solid section (7) is provided between the anchor rod thread section I (6) and the anchor rod slide section (8), and a portion of the special-shaped anchor rod (2) between the portion where the anti-anchoring device (14) is installed and the end anchoring device is provided as an anchor rod diameter increasing section (9), wherein the cross-sectional diameters of the anchor rod thread section I (6), the anchor rod solid section (7), the anchor rod slide section (8) and the anchor rod thread section II (10) are the same; The anchor rod slideway section (8) has a special-shaped cross section, and a plurality of groove slideways (15) are provided on its outer surface. The anti-anchoring device (14) slides with the anchor rod slideway section (8) through the groove slideways (15); The end anchoring device comprises a sleeve (11), the anchor rod thread section II (10) of the special-shaped anchor rod (2) is inserted into the sleeve (11), wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve (11) matches the diameter of the anchor rod thread section II (10), the anchor rod thread section II (10) is provided with a flat thread, the gear teeth of the gear bolt (13) match and mesh with the flat thread, a plurality of square inner grooves (12) are respectively provided in the sleeve (11) on the upper and lower sides of the anchor rod thread section II (10), each square inner groove (12) is provided with a gear bolt (13), wherein the gear bolt (13) comprises a gear with gear teeth matching the flat thread, a screw rod is axially provided at the circular part of the gear, and a bolt hole (22) matching the gear bolt (13) is provided in each square inner groove (12), and the screw rod of the gear bolt (13) rotates with the rotation of the gear. The kinetic energy can enter the bolt hole (22) through the thread rotation. A high elastic spring (21) is provided in the space in the direction of screwing in the bolt hole (22). When the surrounding rock changes and the special-shaped anchor rod (2) is subjected to tension, the flat thread on the anchor rod thread section II (10) slides relative to the sleeve (11). During the sliding process, the flat thread drives the gear bolt (13) to rotate. The screw rotates in the bolt hole (22) as the gear rotates and moves vertically downward, squeezing the high elastic spring (21) in the bolt hole (22) to compress the high elastic spring (21). As the compression degree of the high elastic spring (21) increases, the reaction force of the high elastic spring (21) resists the gear bolt (13) from continuing to rotate, thereby preventing the special-shaped anchor rod (2) from continuing to slide with the sleeve (11), thereby completing the anchoring.

2. The anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure-yielding anchor rod device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side surface of the sleeve (11) is provided with square inner grooves (12) at intervals along the circumference, and 4 to 6 square inner grooves (12) are evenly arranged on each cross section.

3. The anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure-yielding anchor rod device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-anchoring device (14) is a sleeve structure, and flange structures matching the preset drill holes are provided at both ends of the sleeve structure, and a packaged anchoring agent is wound between the flange structures at both ends and located on the outside of the sleeve structure; the outside of the sleeve structure is an annular groove (23), and a wedge-shaped sawtooth (16) is welded on the annular groove (23), and a circle of wedge-shaped sawtooths (16) are provided on the inner side of the flange structure along the circumference for breaking the package of the anchoring agent and fully stirring and mixing the anchoring agent, and the anchoring agent cement body (25) is formed after solidification; the inner side of the sleeve structure matches the anchor rod slideway section (8), and an inner groove (20) is provided between the wedge-shaped sawtooths (16) of the sleeve structure, and each inner groove (20) is provided with a metal support shaft (1 9) The movable connection is provided with a retractable sawtooth (24), and a spring (17) is provided at the bottom of the sawtooth (24) between the metal wing plate (18) and the inner groove (20), and the tip of the sawtooth (24) points to the outside of the anchor hole (5), and the spring (17) is always in a compressed state; when the special-shaped anchor rod (2) slides, the anti-anchoring device (14) slides to the anchor rod diameter increasing section (9) through the groove slideway (15), and the metal support shaft (19) is axially squeezed in the groove slideway (15) and moves axially, and the sawtooth (24) extends and embeds into the anchoring agent cement (25), and the spring (17) is further compressed, which further restricts the movement of the metal support shaft (19), thereby restricting the sliding of the special-shaped anchor rod (2).

4. The anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure-yielding anchor rod device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The minimum cross-sectional diameter of the anchor rod diameter increasing section (9) of the special-shaped anchor rod (2) is the same as that of other sections, and the maximum cross-sectional diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the anti-anchoring device (14); the tail end of the metal support shaft (19) is deeply inserted into the groove slideway (15), that is, the anti-anchoring device (14) can rotate synchronously with the special-shaped anchor rod (2).

5. The anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure-yielding anchor rod device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cylindrical protrusion (26) is provided at the end of the anchor rod diameter increasing section (9), and the embedded sleeve (11) is provided with a concave hole at a position matching the cylindrical protrusion (26). The cylindrical protrusion (26) is embedded in the concave hole reserved in the sleeve (11), so that the sleeve (11) can also rotate synchronously with the special-shaped anchor rod (2).

6. A method for operating an anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure anchor device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that Here are the steps: First, an anchor hole (5) is drilled at a pre-marked position in the surrounding rock (1), the anchor thread section II (10) of the special-shaped anchor rod (2) is slid into the sleeve (11), and an anchoring agent is wound around the anti-anchoring device (14); Slide the anti-anchoring device (14) from the anchor rod thread section I (6) of the special-shaped anchor rod (2) to move it to the anchor rod slideway section (8), and ensure that the metal support shaft (19) is embedded in the groove slideway (15); the high elasticity spring (21) in the bolt hole (22) is in a compressed state after the special-shaped anchor rod (2) is slid in, but a compression margin is left for reorganization; Then, the anchoring agent mortar roll, the curing agent roll and the anti-anchoring constant resistance pressure anchor rod device are sent into the anchor hole (5), and the stirrer is started to drive the special-shaped anchor rod (2) to rotate and stir; The tail of the metal support shaft (19) in the anti-anchoring device (14) is embedded in the groove slideway (15), and the anti-anchoring device (14) rotates synchronously with the special-shaped anchor rod (2); The annular groove (23) on the anti-anchoring device (14) is welded with a wedge-shaped sawtooth (16). The stirrer drives the rotating special-shaped anchor rod (2), and the wedge-shaped sawtooth (16) crushes the anchoring agent and fully stirs it to form an anchoring agent cement body (25); After the anchoring agent is cured, the tray (4) and the anti-slip nut (3) are sequentially mounted on the anchor rod thread section I (6) exposed outside the anchor hole (5), and the pre-tightening force is provided along the thread rise angle by pre-tightening the anti-slip nut (3) to complete the installation of the fixed-length anchoring; When the surrounding rock (1) is deformed, the tray (4) is squeezed, and the anchor thread section II (10) of the special-shaped anchor rod (2) will slide relative to the sleeve (11). The thread on the anchor thread section II (10) drives the gear bolt (13) to rotate. At this time, the high elastic spring (21) at the bottom of the bolt hole (22) is further compressed. The mechanical energy stored in the continuously compressed high elastic spring (21) will limit the gear bolt (13) from rotating toward the bottom of the bolt hole (22), thereby limiting the movement of the special-shaped anchor rod (2) and achieving the effect of constant resistance pressure relief. At the same time, the anti-anchoring device (14) is connected to the anchoring agent binder (2 5) The position in the borehole remains unchanged, but the special-shaped anchor rod (2) moves outward due to deformation, thereby causing the anti-anchoring device (14) to slide relatively along the anchor rod diameter increasing section (9), and the metal support shaft (19) is axially squeezed and moves axially in the groove slideway (15). At this time, the anti-anchoring device (14) moves on the groove slideway without force, and the saw teeth (24) are squeezed and embedded in the anchoring agent cement (25), so that the anti-anchoring device (14) enters the anchor rod diameter increasing section (9) and begins to be subjected to force. The spring (17) is compressed, further restricting the movement of the metal support shaft (19), thereby restricting the continued sliding of the special-shaped anchor rod (2); The special-shaped anchor rod (2) and the surrounding rock (1) are deformed together, and the gear bolt (13) and the anti-anchoring device (14) jointly and simultaneously provide constant resistance, ultimately achieving a pressure-relieving effect.

7. The working method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the surrounding rock (1) is deformed and damaged, causing the anchoring agent bond (25) to be detached from the special-shaped anchor rod (2), or the anchoring agent bond (25) to be detached from the surrounding rock (1), the anti-de-anchoring device (14) will slide relatively along the anchor rod diameter increasing section (9), and the metal support shaft (19) will be axially squeezed and moved along the groove slideway (15). The saw teeth (24) are squeezed and embedded in the anchoring agent bond (25), and the spring (17) is further compressed, further restricting the movement of the metal support shaft (19), thereby restricting the sliding of the special-shaped anchor rod (2); and another part of the saw teeth (24) will be compressed. The teeth (24) are squeezed and embedded in the surrounding rock (1), and the saw teeth (24) in the flange structures on both sides of the anti-anchoring device (14) are squeezed out under pressure and embedded in the anchor hole wall. At this time, the telescopic teeth in the middle of the anti-anchoring device (14) are embedded in the anchoring agent binder (25), while the teeth on both sides, that is, in the flange structures, are embedded in the anchor hole wall. Once the anchor is released, the telescopic teeth embedded in the anchor hole wall assist the anti-anchoring device (14) in receiving force, further strengthening the anchoring force between the surrounding rock (1) and the anti-anchoring device (14), so that the anti-anchoring device (14) automatically implements remedial measures when the anchor fails.

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