Pressurizer pressure control method and device and reactor coolant system

Abstract

The present application relates to a pressure control method and device for a pressurizer and a reactor coolant system. The pressure control method includes: obtaining the average temperature of the reactor coolant system, generating a pressure set value for the pressurizer based on the average temperature; obtaining the measured pressure of the pressurizer, generating a first pressure adjustment value based on the measured pressure and the pressure set value; obtaining the water level of the pressurizer, predicting the water level change after a second preset time period based on the current water level information and a series of water level information within a first preset time period, and generating a second pressure adjustment value based on the water level change; outputting a pressure adjustment instruction to the pressure regulating actuator of the pressurizer based on the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value. In this method, the pressure adjustment instruction finally output takes into account the impact of external disturbances on the pressure and can eliminate this impact. This makes the result after pressure regulation more consistent with the expected result, thereby improving the pressure control effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and in particular to a pressure control method and device for a pressurizer and a reactor coolant system. Background Art

[0002] The pressurizer is a key component of a nuclear power plant's reactor coolant system (often also called the primary circuit system). Within the pressurizer's inner chamber, saturated water is located at the bottom and saturated steam is located at the top. By regulating the pressure of the upper steam, the reactor coolant system's pressure is controlled near the set pressure value, thereby ensuring stable reactor operation. Specifically, the pressurizer is equipped with a spray mechanism and an electric heating mechanism, which act as pressure regulators. When the electric heating mechanism is activated, it heats the water in the pressurizer's inner chamber to generate steam, increasing the density within the steam chamber and thereby raising the pressure. When the spray mechanism is activated, the water spray condenses the steam, reducing the pressure.

[0003] At the same time, the pressurizer serves as a buffer tank for the reactor coolant system, compensating for changes in the water volume of the reactor coolant system. Especially in several groups of power increase and decrease projects, the volume change of the coolant (water) due to temperature changes can be offset by the change in the water level of the pressurizer, reducing wastewater treatment.

[0004] The pressure control effect of the pressurizer in the related art is not ideal. When there is an external disturbance (such as the water loading amount in the reactor coolant system), the external disturbance will also cause pressure fluctuations. The pressure control method in the related art does not take into account the impact of external disturbances on pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to propose a pressure control method and device for a pressurizer and a reactor coolant system, aiming to improve the pressure control effect.

[0006] An embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides a pressure control method for a pressurizer, comprising:

[0007] obtaining an average temperature of a reactor coolant system, and generating a pressure set value of a pressurizer according to the average temperature;

[0008] Obtaining a measured pressure of the pressure stabilizer, and generating a first pressure adjustment value according to the measured pressure and a pressure set value;

[0009] Obtaining the water level of the pressure stabilizer, predicting a water level change after a second preset time period based on current water level information and a series of water level information within a first preset time period, and generating a second pressure adjustment value based on the water level change;

[0010] Outputting a pressure adjustment instruction to a pressure regulating actuator of a voltage regulator according to the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value.

[0011] In the related art, the difference between the pressure set value generated according to the temperature of the reactor coolant system and the actual measured pressure of the pressurizer is often used as the basis for adjustment to issue a pressure adjustment instruction to the pressure regulating actuator. However, from obtaining the actual measured pressure of the pressurizer, obtaining the average temperature of the reactor coolant system, to generating the pressure set value, and then issuing a pressure adjustment instruction to the pressure regulating actuator, this series of actions takes a certain amount of time from start to completion. Due to the existence of external disturbances (which will cause pressure changes), after this certain amount of time, the actual pressure of the pressurizer has changed when the pressure adjustment instruction is issued. Therefore, adjusting the pressure according to the previous adjustment basis will cause the result after pressure adjustment to deviate from the expectation.

[0012] The pressure control method of the pressurizer in the embodiment of the present application generates a first pressure adjustment value based on the average temperature of the reactor coolant system and the measured pressure of the pressurizer. At the same time, the water level change after the second preset time is predicted based on the current water level information of the pressurizer and a series of water level information in the past period of time (first preset time), and a second pressure adjustment value is generated based on the water level change. Finally, a pressure adjustment instruction is output to the pressure regulating actuator of the pressurizer based on the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value. The pressure control method in the embodiment of the present application uses the difference between the pressure set value generated by the temperature of the reactor coolant system and the measured pressure of the pressurizer as one of the adjustment bases, and predicts the pressure change after the second preset time based on the water level change caused by the external disturbance, and uses the predicted result as the second adjustment base, so that the pressure adjustment instruction finally output takes into account the influence of the external disturbance on the pressure and can eliminate the influence. Therefore, the result after pressure adjustment is more consistent with the expected result, thereby improving the pressure control effect.

[0013] In some embodiments, the step of outputting a pressure adjustment instruction to a pressure regulating actuator of a voltage regulator according to the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value includes:

[0014] summing the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value to generate a third pressure adjustment value;

[0015] Based on the third pressure adjustment value, a pressure adjustment instruction is output to the pressure regulating actuator of the voltage stabilizer.

[0016] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the average temperature of the reactor coolant system includes:

[0017] Obtain the temperature of the cold pipe section of the reactor coolant system;

[0018] Obtaining the temperature of the hot pipe section of the reactor coolant system;

[0019] The temperature of the cold pipe section and the temperature of the hot pipe section are averaged to obtain an average temperature of the reactor coolant system.

[0020] In some embodiments, the step of generating a pressure set value of the pressurizer according to the average temperature includes:

[0021] A smooth curve is drawn between the upper boundary curve and the lower boundary curve of the pressure and temperature operating permission diagram of the reactor coolant system;

[0022] Fitting the smooth curve to obtain a fitting relationship between pressure and temperature;

[0023] The pressure set value is obtained according to the fitting relationship and the average temperature of the reactor coolant system.

[0024] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the measured pressure of the pressurizer and generating the first pressure adjustment value according to the measured pressure and the pressure set value includes:

[0025] Acquiring a first pressure of a first pressure sensor disposed at the top of the straight section of the pressurizer;

[0026] obtaining a second pressure from a narrow-range pressure sensor disposed at a hot pipe section of a reactor coolant system, and obtaining a third pressure from a wide-range pressure sensor disposed at the hot pipe section;

[0027] selecting one of the first pressure, the second pressure, and the third pressure as the measured pressure of the pressure stabilizer according to the interval of the pressure set value;

[0028] The measured pressure is subtracted from the set pressure value to obtain a first pressure adjustment value.

[0029] In some embodiments, selecting one of the first pressure, the second pressure, and the third pressure as the measured pressure of the pressure regulator according to the interval in which the pressure set value is located includes:

[0030] When the set pressure value is within the measuring range of the first pressure sensor, the first pressure is used as the measured pressure;

[0031] When the pressure set value is less than the measuring range of the first pressure sensor and is within the measuring range of the narrow-range pressure sensor, the second pressure is used as the measured pressure;

[0032] When the pressure set value is smaller than the measuring range of the first pressure sensor and larger than the measuring range of the narrow-range pressure sensor, the third pressure is used as the measured pressure;

[0033] When the pressure set value is greater than the measuring range of the first pressure sensor, the third pressure is used as the measured pressure.

[0034] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the water level of the pressure regulator, predicting the water level change after a second preset time period based on the current water level information and a series of water level information within the first preset time period, and generating the second pressure adjustment value based on the water level change includes:

[0035] Obtaining the water level measured by the water level measuring device in the pressurizer;

[0036] Based on the current water level information and a series of water level information within the first preset time period, a feedforward controller is used in combination with a prediction model to calculate the water level change after the second preset time period;

[0037] calculating the pressure disturbance caused by the water level change according to the water level change;

[0038] A second pressure adjustment value is generated, the second pressure adjustment value configured to counteract the pressure disturbance.

[0039] An embodiment of the second aspect of the present application proposes a pressure control device for a pressure regulator, comprising a memory, a processor, and a control program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the control program is executed by the processor, the pressure control method of any embodiment of the first aspect is implemented.

[0040] An embodiment of the third aspect of the present application provides a reactor coolant system, comprising:

[0041] pressure vessels;

[0042] a cold pipe section connected to the inlet of the pressure vessel;

[0043] a heat pipe section connected to an outlet of the pressure vessel;

[0044] a pressure stabilizer connected to the heat pipe section;

[0045] a temperature measuring device configured to measure an average temperature of the reactor coolant system;

[0046] A pressure measuring device for measuring the actual pressure of the pressurizer;

[0047] A pressure control device, wherein the pressure control device is the pressure control device in any embodiment of the second aspect above;

[0048] The pressure regulating actuator is used to receive the pressure regulating instruction output by the pressure control device and adjust the pressure of the inner cavity of the pressure regulator according to the pressure regulating instruction.

[0049] In some embodiments, the inner cavity of the pressurizer includes a straight cylindrical section, a first hemispherical section located above the straight cylindrical section, and a second hemispherical section located below the straight cylindrical section;

[0050] The pressure measuring device comprises:

[0051] a first pressure sensor, the first pressure sensor being disposed at the top of the straight tube section;

[0052] a narrow-range pressure sensor, the narrow-range pressure sensor being arranged on the heat pipe section;

[0053] A wide-range pressure sensor is arranged on the heat pipe section.

[0054] In some embodiments, the temperature measuring device comprises:

[0055] A first temperature sensor is provided in the cold pipe section;

[0056] The second temperature sensor is arranged on the heat pipe section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a pressure control method for a pressurizer in one embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 2 This is a technical flow chart of a pressure control method for a pressurizer in one embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 3 pressure and temperature operating permit diagrams for the reactor coolant system;

[0060] Figure 4 2 is a structural block diagram of a pressure control device of a pressurizer in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0062] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0063] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0064] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0065] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0066] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation methods.

[0067] The embodiment of the first aspect of the present application proposes a pressure control method for a pressurizer, such as Figure 1 As shown, the pressure control method includes:

[0068] Step S10: obtaining the average temperature of the reactor coolant system, and generating a pressure set value of the pressurizer 103 according to the average temperature;

[0069] Step S20: obtaining the measured pressure of the pressure stabilizer 103, and generating a first pressure adjustment value according to the measured pressure and the pressure set value;

[0070] Step S30: obtaining the water level of the pressure stabilizer 103, predicting the water level change after the second preset time period based on the current water level information and a series of water level information within the first preset time period, and generating a second pressure adjustment value based on the water level change;

[0071] Step S40: Outputting a pressure adjustment instruction to a pressure regulating actuator of a voltage regulator according to the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value.

[0072] In the related art, the difference between the pressure set value generated according to the temperature of the reactor coolant system and the actual measured pressure of the pressurizer is often used as the basis for adjustment to issue a pressure adjustment instruction to the pressure regulating actuator. However, from obtaining the actual measured pressure of the pressurizer, obtaining the average temperature of the reactor coolant system, to generating the pressure set value, and then issuing a pressure adjustment instruction to the pressure regulating actuator, this series of actions takes a certain amount of time from start to completion. Due to the existence of external disturbances (which will cause pressure changes), after this certain amount of time, the actual pressure of the pressurizer has changed when the pressure adjustment instruction is issued. Therefore, adjusting the pressure according to the previous adjustment basis will cause the result after pressure adjustment to deviate from the expectation.

[0073] refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2The pressure control method for the pressurizer in the embodiment of the present application generates a first pressure adjustment value based on the average temperature of the reactor coolant system and the measured pressure of the pressurizer 103. At the same time, the pressure adjustment value is predicted based on the current water level information of the pressurizer 103 and a series of water level information within a past period of time (a first preset time period), and a second pressure adjustment value is generated based on the water level change. Finally, a pressure adjustment instruction is output to the pressure regulating actuator of the pressurizer 103 based on the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value. The pressure control method in the embodiment of the present application uses the difference between the pressure set value generated by the temperature of the reactor coolant system and the measured pressure of the pressurizer 103 as one adjustment basis, and predicts the pressure change after the second preset time period based on the water level change caused by external disturbances. The predicted result is used as the second adjustment basis. This ensures that the pressure adjustment instruction finally output takes into account the impact of external disturbances on pressure and can eliminate this impact. As a result, the pressure adjustment result is more consistent with the expected result, thereby improving the pressure control effect.

[0074] It can be understood that the second preset duration in the above-mentioned pressure control method can be determined by referring to the following method: calculate the time from the moment the actual measured pressure of the regulator 103 is obtained to the moment the pressure adjustment instruction is output to the pressure regulating actuator of the regulator 103, and use this time as the second preset duration value.

[0075] In some embodiments, the step of outputting a pressure adjustment instruction to a pressure regulating actuator of a voltage regulator according to the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value includes:

[0076] summing the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value to generate a third pressure adjustment value;

[0077] Based on the third pressure adjustment value, a pressure adjustment instruction is output to the pressure regulating actuator of the voltage stabilizer.

[0078] Since the third pressure adjustment value is obtained by summing the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value, outputting a pressure adjustment instruction to the pressure regulating actuator of the voltage regulator based on the third pressure adjustment value can eliminate the influence of external disturbance on the pressure.

[0079] For ease of understanding, the following example is used to illustrate: Assume that the first pressure adjustment value generated based on the measured pressure and the pressure set value is P1; based on the current water level information and a series of water level information in the past period of time (ΔT1), the water level change after the second preset time length ΔT2 is predicted, and the second pressure adjustment value P2 is generated based on the water level change. Thus, the third pressure adjustment value P3 can be obtained, where P3 = P1 + P2. Then, a pressure adjustment instruction is output to the pressure regulating actuator. The meaning of the pressure adjustment instruction is to make the pressure regulating actuator perform a pressure regulating action so that a controllable pressure change occurs in the inner cavity of the pressure regulator, and the pressure change value is equal to P3. Specifically, please combine Figure 2 In some embodiments, the pressure regulating actuator may include a spray structure 111 and an electric heating mechanism 112. If the third pressure adjustment value P3 obtained is a positive value, the electric heating structure 112 in the pressure regulating actuator is turned on, and the electric heating structure 112 heats the water in the inner cavity of the pressurizer 103 to generate steam, so that the density in the steam cavity increases and the pressure is increased; if the third pressure adjustment value P3 obtained is a negative value, the spray structure 111 in the pressure regulating actuator is turned on, and the steam is condensed by spraying water to reduce the pressure. Of course, in some embodiments, the pressure regulating actuator can also use other methods to pressurize or reduce the pressure of the pressurizer 103, which is not limited here. In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the average temperature of the reactor coolant system includes:

[0080] Obtaining the temperature Th of the cold pipe section 101 of the reactor coolant system;

[0081] Obtaining the temperature Tc of the hot pipe section 102 of the reactor coolant system;

[0082] The temperature of the cold pipe section 101 and the temperature of the hot pipe section 102 are averaged to obtain the average temperature Tavg of the reactor coolant system:

[0083] Tavg=(Th+Tc) / 2.

[0084] In other embodiments, the average temperature Tavg may also be obtained by multiplying one of the temperature Th of the cold pipe section 101 and the temperature Tc of the hot pipe section 102 by a coefficient and then adding the result to the other to obtain an average.

[0085] In some embodiments, the step of generating a pressure set value for the pressurizer 103 based on the average temperature includes:

[0086] Draw a smooth curve between the upper and lower boundary curves of the pressure and temperature operating permission diagram of the reactor coolant system (see Figure 3 );

[0087] The smooth curve is fitted to obtain the fitting relationship between pressure and temperature: Psp = f(Tavg);

[0088] The pressure set value Psp is obtained based on the fitting relationship and the average temperature of the reactor coolant system.

[0089] During the temperature increase and decrease periods of a nuclear power plant, the reactor coolant system places certain pressure requirements on pressurizer 103. The pressure-temperature curve of pressurizer 103 must be within the upper and lower boundary curves of the reactor coolant system's pressure and temperature operating permission diagram. To facilitate fitting, the present embodiment first draws a smooth curve between the upper and lower boundary curves of the pressure and temperature operating permission diagram. At any point on this curve, the pressure and temperature meet the requirements. This smooth curve is then fitted to obtain a fitted relationship between pressure and temperature. The set pressure value is then obtained based on the fitted relationship and the average temperature of the reactor coolant system.

[0090] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the measured pressure of the pressure regulator 103 and generating the first pressure adjustment value according to the measured pressure and the pressure set value includes:

[0091] Acquire a first pressure of the first pressure sensor 104 disposed at the top of the straight section 1031 of the pressurizer 103;

[0092] Acquire a second pressure from a narrow-range pressure sensor 105 disposed at a hot pipe section 102 of a reactor coolant system, and acquire a third pressure from a wide-range pressure sensor 106 disposed at the hot pipe section 102;

[0093] According to the interval of the pressure set value, one of the first pressure, the second pressure and the third pressure is selected as the measured pressure of the pressure regulator 103;

[0094] The first pressure adjustment value is obtained by subtracting the measured pressure from the pressure set value.

[0095] Since the first pressure adjustment value is obtained by subtracting the measured pressure from the set pressure value, the measured pressure must be accurate to ensure its accuracy. In practice, the set pressure value curve (a smooth curve comparing reference pressure and temperature) has a relatively wide pressure range, potentially exceeding the measuring range of the first pressure sensor 104 located in the straight section 1031 of the pressurizer 103. Therefore, if the set pressure value exceeds the measuring range of the first pressure sensor, the difference between the set pressure value and the first pressure measured by the first pressure sensor 104 will be inaccurate. In this case, the measured pressure must be obtained using either a narrow-range pressure sensor 105 or a wide-range pressure sensor 106. Therefore, depending on the range of the set pressure value, one of the first, second, or third pressures must be selected as the measured pressure of the pressurizer 103. This ensures a more accurate first pressure adjustment value.

[0096] Furthermore, according to the interval in which the pressure set value is located, one of the first pressure, the second pressure, and the third pressure is selected as the measured pressure of the pressure regulator 103, including:

[0097] When the set pressure value is within the measuring range of the first pressure sensor 104, the first pressure is used as the measured pressure;

[0098] When the set pressure value is less than the measuring range of the first pressure sensor 104 and is within the measuring range of the narrow-range pressure sensor 105, the second pressure is used as the measured pressure;

[0099] When the set pressure value is smaller than the measuring range of the first pressure sensor 104 and larger than the measuring range of the narrow-range pressure sensor 105, the third pressure is used as the measured pressure;

[0100] When the set pressure value is greater than the measuring range of the first pressure sensor 104 , the third pressure is used as the measured pressure.

[0101] The following example illustrates this: For example, the range of first pressure sensor 104 is 11 MPa to 17 MPa, the range of narrow-range pressure sensor 105 is 0 to 6 MPa, and the range of wide-range pressure sensor 106 is 0 MPa to 20 MPa. If the set pressure value is within the range of 11 MPa to 17 MPa, the first pressure is used as the measured pressure. If the set pressure value is within the range of 0 to 6 MPa, the second pressure is used as the measured pressure. If the set pressure value is between 6 MPa and 11 MPa or between 17 MPa and 20 MPa, the third pressure is used as the measured pressure.

[0102] In some embodiments, the steps of obtaining the water level of the pressure regulator 103, predicting the water level change after a second preset time period based on the current water level information and a series of water level information within a first preset time period, and generating a second pressure adjustment value based on the water level change include:

[0103] Obtaining the water level measured by the water level measuring device in the pressurizer 103;

[0104] Based on the current water level information and a series of water level information within the first preset time period, a feedforward controller is used in combination with a prediction model to calculate the water level change after the second preset time period;

[0105] Calculate the pressure disturbance caused by water level change based on water level change;

[0106] A second pressure adjustment value is generated, the second pressure adjustment value configured to counteract the pressure disturbance.

[0107] When there is an external disturbance that can cause the water level of the pressure stabilizer 103 to change, the water level change after the second preset time period can be calculated using a feedforward controller in combination with a prediction model based on the current water information and a series of water level information within a period of time, thereby calculating the pressure disturbance caused by the water level change, and then generating a second pressure adjustment value to offset the pressure disturbance. Among them, the feedforward controller can be a lead controller or a differential controller, and the prediction model can be a prediction model based on a neural network method or a fuzzy logic method. After a large amount of historical sample training, the prediction accuracy of the prediction model can be improved. Since the neural network method and the fuzzy logic method are both relatively mature modeling methods, this application does not elaborate on them.

[0108] The embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a pressure control device 10 for a pressurizer, such as Figure 4 As shown, the pressure control device 10 includes a memory 11, a processor 12, and a control program stored in the memory 11 and executable on the processor 12. When the control program is executed by the processor 12, the pressure control method of the regulator 103 in any embodiment of the first aspect described above is implemented.

[0109] The memory 11 may include a high-speed random access memory 11 (RAM), and may also include a non-volatile memory 11, such as at least one disk storage 11. The communication connection between the system network element and at least one other network element is achieved through at least one communication interface (which may be wired or wireless), and the Internet, wide area network, local area network, metropolitan area network, etc. may be used.

[0110] The processor 12 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the hardware integrated logic circuit in the processor 12 or by instructions in the form of software. The above processor 12 may be a general-purpose processor 12, including a central processing unit 12 (CPU), a network processor 12 (NP), etc.; it may also be a digital signal processor 12 (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component. The various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor 12 may be a microprocessor 12 or any conventional processor 12. The steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied as being executed by the hardware decoding processor 12, or can be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor 12. The software module can be located in a storage medium well-known in the art, such as random access memory 11, flash memory, read-only memory 11, programmable read-only memory 11, electrically erasable programmable memory 11, registers, etc. The storage medium is located in memory 11, and processor 12 reads information in memory 11 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0111] The embodiment of the third aspect of the present application proposes a reactor coolant system, comprising a pressure vessel (not shown in the figure), a cold pipe section 101, a hot pipe section 102, a pressurizer 103, a temperature measuring device, a pressure measuring device, a pressure regulating actuator, and a pressure control device. The cold pipe section 101 is connected to the inlet of the pressure vessel, the hot pipe section 102 is connected to the outlet of the pressure vessel, the pressurizer 103 is connected to the hot pipe section 102, the temperature measuring device is configured to measure the average temperature of the reactor coolant system, the pressure measuring device is used to measure the measured pressure of the pressurizer 103, the pressure control device is the pressure control device 10 in any embodiment of the second aspect above, and the pressure regulating actuator is used to receive a pressure adjustment instruction output by the pressure control device 10 and adjust the pressure of the inner cavity of the pressurizer 103 according to the pressure adjustment instruction.

[0112] The reactor coolant system provided in this embodiment and the pressure control method provided in the above embodiment are based on the same inventive concept and have the same beneficial effects as the methods adopted, operated or implemented therein.

[0113] In some embodiments, the pressure regulating actuator includes a spray structure 111 and an electric heating structure 112. The spray structure 111 includes a nozzle disposed at the top of the inner cavity of the pressurizer 103 and connected to the cold pipe section 101 via a pipeline. The electric heating structure 112 is disposed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the pressurizer 103. The pressure regulating actuator acts as a pressure regulating actuator. When the electric heating structure 112 is turned on, it heats the water in the inner cavity of the pressurizer 103 to generate steam, increasing the density within the steam cavity and thereby raising the pressure. When the spray structure 111 is turned on, the steam is condensed by the spray of water, thereby reducing the pressure.

[0114] In some embodiments, the inner cavity of the pressurizer 103 includes a straight section 1031 , a first hemispherical section 1032 located above the straight section 1031 , and a second hemispherical section 1033 located below the straight section 1031 ;

[0115] The pressure measuring device includes:

[0116] The first pressure sensor 104 is disposed at the top of the straight section 1031;

[0117] A narrow-range pressure sensor 105 is provided on the heat pipe section 102;

[0118] The wide-range pressure sensor 106 is disposed on the heat pipe section 102 .

[0119] In this embodiment, in addition to the first pressure sensor 104 provided at the top of the straight cylindrical section 1031 in the inner cavity of the pressurizer 103, a narrow-range pressure sensor 105 and a wide-range pressure sensor 106 are also provided in the heat pipe section 102. In the process of executing the pressure control method, it is necessary to select the measurement value of one of the first pressure sensor 104, the narrow-range pressure sensor 105 and the wide-range pressure sensor 106 as the actual measured pressure value of the pressurizer 103 according to the numerical range of the pressure set value, and then the first pressure adjustment value is obtained by subtracting the actual measured pressure value from the pressure set value.

[0120] In some embodiments, the temperature measurement device includes a first temperature sensor 107 and a second temperature sensor 108. The first temperature sensor 107 is disposed on the cold pipe section 101, and the second temperature sensor 108 is disposed on the hot pipe section 102. Thus, the temperature of the cold pipe section 101 of the reactor coolant system can be obtained through the first temperature sensor 107, and the temperature of the hot pipe section 102 of the reactor coolant system can be obtained through the second temperature sensor 108. The average temperature of the reactor coolant system can then be obtained by averaging the temperatures of the cold pipe section 101 and the hot pipe section 102.

[0121] In some embodiments, the reactor coolant system further includes a water level measuring device, which may be a differential pressure water level gauge, comprising a second pressure sensor 109 disposed at the top of the straight cylindrical section 1031 and a third pressure sensor 110 disposed at the second hemispherical section 1033. The water level of the differential pressure water level gauge can be represented by the measured values of the sensors, with the functional relationship being:

[0122]

[0123] Wherein, p2 represents the pressure of the second pressure sensor 109, p3 represents the pressure of the third pressure sensor 110, and p a Indicates zero power dropout, p b Indicates full power dropout voltage.

[0124] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0125] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A pressure control method for a pressurizer, characterized in that: include: obtaining an average temperature of a reactor coolant system, and generating a pressure set value of a pressurizer according to the average temperature; Obtaining a measured pressure of the pressure stabilizer, and generating a first pressure adjustment value according to the measured pressure and a pressure set value; Obtaining the water level of the pressure stabilizer, predicting a water level change after a second preset time period based on current water level information and a series of water level information within a first preset time period, and generating a second pressure adjustment value based on the water level change; Outputting a pressure adjustment instruction to a pressure regulating actuator of a voltage regulator according to the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value.

2. The pressure control method of a pressurizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of outputting a pressure adjustment instruction to a pressure regulating actuator of a voltage regulator according to the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value comprises: summing the first pressure adjustment value and the second pressure adjustment value to generate a third pressure adjustment value; Based on the third pressure adjustment value, a pressure adjustment instruction is output to the pressure regulating actuator of the voltage stabilizer.

3. The pressure control method of a pressurizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the average temperature of the reactor coolant system comprises: Obtain the temperature of the cold pipe section of the reactor coolant system; Obtaining the temperature of the hot pipe section of the reactor coolant system; The temperature of the cold pipe section and the temperature of the hot pipe section are averaged to obtain an average temperature of the reactor coolant system.

4. The pressure control method of a pressurizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of generating a pressure set value of the pressurizer according to the average temperature comprises: A smooth curve is drawn between the upper boundary curve and the lower boundary curve of the pressure and temperature operating permission diagram of the reactor coolant system; Fitting the smooth curve to obtain a fitting relationship between pressure and temperature; The pressure set value is obtained according to the fitting relationship and the average temperature of the reactor coolant system.

5. The pressure control method of a pressurizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the measured pressure of the pressure stabilizer and generating a first pressure adjustment value according to the measured pressure and the pressure set value includes: Acquiring a first pressure of a first pressure sensor disposed at the top of the straight section of the pressurizer; obtaining a second pressure from a narrow-range pressure sensor disposed at a hot pipe section of a reactor coolant system, and obtaining a third pressure from a wide-range pressure sensor disposed at the hot pipe section; selecting one of the first pressure, the second pressure, and the third pressure as the measured pressure of the pressure stabilizer according to the interval of the pressure set value; The measured pressure is subtracted from the set pressure value to obtain a first pressure adjustment value.

6. The pressure control method of a pressurizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The selecting, according to the interval in which the pressure set value is located, one of the first pressure, the second pressure, and the third pressure as the measured pressure of the pressure stabilizer includes: When the set pressure value is within the measuring range of the first pressure sensor, the first pressure is used as the measured pressure; When the pressure set value is less than the measuring range of the first pressure sensor and is within the measuring range of the narrow-range pressure sensor, the second pressure is used as the measured pressure; When the pressure set value is smaller than the measuring range of the first pressure sensor and larger than the measuring range of the narrow-range pressure sensor, the third pressure is used as the measured pressure; When the pressure set value is greater than the measuring range of the first pressure sensor, the third pressure is used as the measured pressure.

7. The pressure control method of a pressurizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the water level of the pressure stabilizer, predicting the water level change after a second preset time period based on the current water level information and a series of water level information within the first preset time period, and generating a second pressure adjustment value based on the water level change includes: Obtaining the water level measured by the water level measuring device in the pressurizer; Based on the current water level information and a series of water level information within the first preset time period, a feedforward controller is used in combination with a prediction model to calculate the water level change after the second preset time period; calculating the pressure disturbance caused by the water level change according to the water level change; A second pressure adjustment value is generated, the second pressure adjustment value configured to counteract the pressure disturbance.

8. A pressure control device for a pressurizer, characterized in that: The device comprises a memory, a processor, and a control program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the control program is executed by the processor, the pressure control method of the pressurizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

9. A reactor coolant system, characterized in that: include: pressure vessels; a cold pipe section connected to the inlet of the pressure vessel; a heat pipe section connected to an outlet of the pressure vessel; a pressure stabilizer connected to the heat pipe section; a temperature measuring device configured to measure an average temperature of the reactor coolant system; A pressure measuring device for measuring the actual pressure of the pressurizer; a pressure control device, wherein the pressure control device is the pressure control device according to claim 8; The pressure regulating actuator is used to receive the pressure regulating instruction output by the pressure control device and adjust the pressure of the inner cavity of the pressure regulator according to the pressure regulating instruction.

10. The reactor coolant system according to claim 9, wherein: The inner cavity of the pressurizer includes a straight section, a first hemispherical section located above the straight section, and a second hemispherical section located below the straight section; The pressure measuring device comprises: a first pressure sensor, the first pressure sensor being disposed at the top of the straight tube section; a narrow-range pressure sensor, the narrow-range pressure sensor being arranged on the heat pipe section; A wide-range pressure sensor, the wide-range pressure sensor being arranged on the heat pipe section; And / or, the temperature measuring device comprises: A first temperature sensor is provided in the cold pipe section; The second temperature sensor is arranged on the heat pipe section.

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