A mechanical and method for harvesting safflower filaments using a brush roller assembly

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of safflower silk harvesting machinery and harvesting method of brush roller group, including self-propelled chassis, air suction collecting device and harvesting device, the harvesting device includes harvesting frame body and two groups of single-side harvesting mechanism, the single-side harvesting mechanism includes vertical shaft connection on harvesting frame body on the brush roller and the second motor of driving brush roller rotation, the harvesting frame body is fixedly connected with respectively located the concave plate and collection cover of brush roller two sides, the brush roller and concave plate are equipped with the grid adapted to brush roller between, the air suction collecting device includes negative pressure fan and collection box, the air inlet of negative pressure fan is communicated with collection cover, the air outlet of negative pressure fan is communicated with collection box and the inside of concave plate, the present application adopts brush roller type design, realizes the mechanization of blind silk, picking and collection are all using mechanized operation, greatly improve the harvesting efficiency, reduce harvesting cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a brush roller group type safflower filament harvesting machine and a harvesting method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Safflower has a large market space, such as for dyeing, medicine, and food. The pigment in safflower filament is mainly used to make food dye, making food color bright and enhancing people's appetite. Safflower is a precious Chinese herbal medicine, and there is a huge potential market for safflower cakes and safflower boards at home and abroad. The continuous increase of safflower planting area brings the most prominent problem of harvesting. At present, the harvesting of safflower is entirely dependent on manual picking. Manual picking of safflower filament has many problems: first, manual picking has high labor intensity and low efficiency. Because the height of safflower plants is not uniform, the distribution of fruit balls is uneven, and there are small thorns on the fruit balls, which will be pricked when picking, resulting in time-consuming and labor-intensive and extremely low efficiency. Second, the best harvesting time of safflower filament is very short, and the mature period coincides with that of other crops, resulting in insufficient labor and a large amount of dried safflower on the ground. Third, the cost of manual harvesting is high. According to field research, the cost of harvesting accounts for about 50% of the total cost of the entire planting cycle of safflower. Mechanized harvesting of safflower filament to replace traditional manual picking is the only way for the large-scale development of safflower and is the key to solving the industrialization development of safflower and improving the benefits of farmers. With the continuous expansion of safflower planting area, the shortage of picking labor, and the low efficiency of manual picking, mechanized harvesting with high harvesting efficiency, low drop loss rate, and high economic benefit is of great significance to the development of safflower. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a brush roller group type safflower filament harvesting machine and harvesting method to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0004] The present application is realized by the following technical scheme, providing a brush roller group type safflower filament harvesting machine, comprising a self-propelled chassis, a gas suction collecting device, and a harvesting device, the harvesting device comprising a harvesting frame body and two groups of front and rear arranged single-side harvesting mechanisms, the single-side harvesting mechanism comprising a brush roller vertically connected to the harvesting frame body and a second motor driving the brush roller to rotate, the harvesting frame body is fixedly connected with a concave plate and a collecting cover located on both sides of the brush roller respectively, a grid adapted to the brush roller is arranged between the brush roller and the concave plate, and a flower ball passing space is formed between the grid and the concave plate, the brush rollers of the two single-side harvesting mechanisms are located on both sides of the plant respectively.

[0005] The gas suction collecting device comprises a negative pressure fan and a collecting box, the air inlet of the negative pressure fan is communicated with the collecting cover, and the air outlet of the negative pressure fan is communicated with the collecting box and the inner side of the concave plate.

[0006] The flower ball introduced into the space between the grid and the concave plate of the plant passes through the space, and under the limiting action of the concave plate, the flower ball will be close to the grid. The brush roller rotates and continuously rubs with the grid. The flower filament is squeezed and pulled out by the brush and the grid. The brush rollers of the two single-side harvesting mechanisms are located on the two sides of the plant respectively, so as to harvest the flower filaments on the two sides respectively. The concave plate is connected with the blowing pipe of the negative pressure fan. The harvested flower filaments are blown to the collecting cover. The collecting cover is connected with the suction pipe of the negative pressure fan. Under the action of the suction force generated by the negative pressure fan, the flower filaments are sucked into the negative pressure fan and blown to the collecting box through the blowing port.

[0007] As an optimization, the harvesting device further comprises long auger rollers located on both sides of the plant and a first motor for driving the rotation of the long auger rollers. The first motor drives the rotation of the long auger rollers in the present solution, and the righting of the plant is realized by the rotation of the two long auger rollers.

[0008] As an optimization, the harvesting device further comprises convex plates located on both sides of the plant, which are fixed to the front end of the harvesting frame body. The two convex plates form a horn-shaped introduction space. In the present solution, the two convex plates form a horn-shaped introduction space, so as to introduce the plant into the space between the grid and the concave plate.

[0009] As an optimization, the single-side harvesting mechanism further comprises a vertical small auger roller. The small auger rollers of the two single-side harvesting mechanisms are located between the two brush rollers and on the two sides of the plant respectively. The small auger rollers in the present solution can right and relax the plant harvested on one side, facilitating the harvesting of the flower filaments on the other side by the brush rollers.

[0010] As an optimization, a horizontal straight brush is fixed to the lower end of the collecting cover. The straight brush in the present solution is used to collect the fallen flower filaments, and the plant can pass through the position of the straight brush.

[0011] As an optimization, the single-side harvesting mechanism is slidably connected to the harvesting frame body, and the harvesting device further comprises a hand-operated lead screw for adjusting the left and right positions of the single-side harvesting mechanism. The hand-operated lead screw in the present solution can adjust the left and right spacing of the two single-side harvesting mechanisms, so as to harvest safflower plants with different planting widths.

[0012] As an optimization, a filter screen is arranged in the communication pipe between the air outlet of the negative pressure fan and the inner side of the concave plate. The filter screen in the present solution is used to prevent the flower filaments from entering the concave plate.

[0013] As an optimization, a power supply system is further included, which comprises a diesel generator, a distribution box and a motor speed regulator. In the present solution, the diesel generator is used to generate electricity for power supply. The motor speed regulator is used to control the rotating speed of each motor such as walking and picking, so as to adjust the harvesting speed.

[0014] As optimization, the self-propelled chassis comprises a frame and wheel fixing frames vertically connected to four corners of the frame, the lower end of the wheel fixing frame is provided with a wheel and a disc motor for driving the wheel to rotate, and the frame is provided with a steering motor for driving the wheel fixing frame to rotate.

[0015] A safflower filament harvesting method, comprising the following steps:

[0016] a. Walking of the self-propelled chassis: first, drive the self-propelled chassis into the field to be harvested, adjust the position of the self-propelled chassis so that the harvesting device is aligned with the plants, and then start controlling the self-propelled chassis to walk;

[0017] b. Filament harvesting: the two long auger rollers continuously rotate to support the plants, the plants pass through the flower ball space between the convex plate guide-in grid and the concave plate, under the limiting action of the concave plate, the flower ball approaches the grid, the brush roller rotates and continuously rubs the grid, the filament passes through the grid and is squeezed and pulled out by the brush and the grid, the small auger roller in the middle can relax the single-sided harvested plants to some extent, facilitating the subsequent brush roller to harvest the filament on the other side;

[0018] c. Filament collection: the concave plate is connected to the air blowing pipe of the negative pressure fan, the harvested filament is blown to the collection cover, the collection cover is connected to the air suction pipe of the negative pressure fan, under the action of the suction force generated by the negative pressure fan, the filament is sucked into the negative pressure fan and blown to the collection box through the air blowing port, and finally bagging is completed.

[0019] The safflower filament harvesting device has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The brush roller type design is adopted, mechanical blind harvesting of the filament is realized, the vertical roller is adopted, safflower of different heights can be harvested, the hand-cranking lead screw is adopted, safflower of different planting widths can be harvested, and harvesting and collection are both mechanical operations, so that the harvesting efficiency is greatly improved and the harvesting cost is reduced.

[0021] 2. The self-propelled chassis is adopted, different terrains can be adapted for harvesting, and the machine has universality.

[0022] 3. The device is equipped with strong universality and can be popularized to top harvesting of filament-shaped crops such as honeysuckle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is the axonometric view of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is the left view of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 is the top view of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4This is an isometric view of the self-propelled chassis of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is an isometric view of the harvesting device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a left view of the harvesting device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is an isometric view of the single-sided harvesting mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a left view of the single-sided harvesting mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] As shown in the figure:

[0032] 1. Self-propelled chassis; 2. Gas absorption and collection device; 3. Harvesting device; 4. Power supply system; 101. Controller; 102. Residual current device; 103. Transformer; 104. Converter; 105. On-board generator; 106. Frame; 107. Steering motor; 108. Connecting rod; 109. Wheel fixing frame; 1010. First support plate; 1011. Wheel; 1012. Disc motor; 201. Negative pressure fan; 202. Fan support plate; 203. Air blowing pipe; 204. Air suction pipe; 205. Collection box; 301. Upper convex plate; 302. Connecting L-plate; 303. Lower convex plate; 304. First bearing seat plate; 305. Long auger roller; 306. First bearing seat; 307. First motor plate. 308. First motor; 309. Fixing plate; 3010. First fixed shaft; 3011. First motor shaft; 3012. Harvesting frame; 3013. Second bearing seat plate; 3014. Second fixed shaft; 3015. Small auger roller; 3016. Second bearing seat; 3017. Hand-cranked screw; 3018. Concave plate; 3019. Collection cover; 3020. Corner piece; 3021. Second motor; 3022. Brush roller; 3023. Third bearing seat; 3024. Second motor shaft; 3025. Grid; 3026. H-shaped plate; 3027. Straight brush; 3028. Second motor plate; 401. Diesel generator; 402. Distribution box; 403. Motor speed controller; 404. Generator support plate. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the following detailed implementation method will be used to explain the solution.

[0034] like Figures 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a brush roller assembly type safflower filament harvesting machine, which includes a self-propelled chassis 1, an air absorption collection device 2, and a harvesting device 3, and also includes a power supply system 4.

[0035] The self-propelled chassis 1 comprises a frame 106 and wheel fixing frames 109 vertically connected to the four corners of the frame 106. In the embodiment, the front and rear ends of the frame 106 are fixedly connected with transverse connecting rods 108, and the two ends of the connecting rod 108 are provided with the wheel fixing frames 109, which are used to form a four-wheel mechanism.

[0036] The lower end of the wheel fixing frame 109 is provided with a wheel 1011 and a disc motor 1012 for driving the wheel 1011 to rotate. The disc motor 1012 drives the wheel 1011 to rotate. The frame 106 is provided with a steering motor 107 for driving the wheel fixing frame 109 to rotate, thereby realizing steering.

[0037] The self-propelled chassis 1 further comprises a controller 101, a leakage protector 102, a transformer 103, a converter 104, a vehicle-mounted generator 105 and a first support plate 1010. The controller 101 is connected with the frame 106 and is arranged in front of the frame 106, and is used to control the disc motor 1012 and the steering motor 107 of the wheels. The first support plate 1010 is connected with the frame 106 and is used to bear the leakage protector 102, the transformer 103, the converter 104 and the vehicle-mounted generator 105.

[0038] The harvesting device 3 is installed below the frame 106. The harvesting device 3 comprises a harvesting frame body 3012 and two groups of front and rear arranged single-side harvesting mechanisms. The harvesting frame body 3012 is spliced by aluminum profiles, and the aluminum profiles are connected by angle pieces 3020. The two single-side harvesting mechanisms are respectively used to collect the flower filaments on the two sides of the plant. The flower filaments on one side of the plant are collected by the front single-side harvesting mechanism, and then the flower filaments on the other side of the plant are collected by the rear single-side harvesting mechanism. The two single-side harvesting mechanisms are arranged in front and rear and symmetrically arranged at the midpoint of the connecting line.

[0039] The harvesting device 3 further comprises long auger rollers 305 arranged on the two sides of the plant and a first motor 308 for driving the long auger rollers 305 to rotate. The long auger rollers 305 extend forward and backward. A first bearing seat plate 304 is connected with the harvesting frame body 3012 and a first bearing seat 306. The first bearing seat plate 304 is connected with a first fixed shaft 3010. One end of the long auger roller 305 is connected with the first fixed shaft 3010, and the other end of the long auger roller 305 is connected with a first motor shaft 3011.

[0040] The first motor shaft 3011 is connected with the first bearing seat 306 and the first motor 308 at the motor end. A first motor plate 307 is connected with the first bearing seat 306 and the first motor 308 at the motor end, and is used for rotating the long auger roller 305, thereby righting the plant.

[0041] The harvesting device 3 also comprises convex plates on both sides of the plant, which are fixed to the front end of the harvesting frame 3012, and the two convex plates form a horn-shaped introduction space. The convex plates in this embodiment include upper convex plates 301 and lower convex plates 303, the lower convex plates 303 are fixed to the lower end of the front end of the harvesting device 3, and the two lower convex plates 303 form a horn-shaped introduction space. The upper convex plates 301 are fixed to the upper end of the front end of the harvesting device 3, and the two upper convex plates 301 form a horn-shaped introduction space, and the upper convex plates 301 are connected with the harvesting frame 3012 through the connecting L plates 302.

[0042] The single-side harvesting mechanism is slidably connected on the harvesting frame 3012, and the harvesting device 3 also comprises a hand-operated lead screw 3017 for adjusting the left and right positions of the single-side harvesting mechanism. In this embodiment, each single-side harvesting mechanism is installed on a separate single-side frame on the harvesting frame 3012, and the single-side frame is slidably connected on the harvesting frame 3012, so that the left and right positions of the two single-side frames can be adjusted, and the left and right distances of the two single-side harvesting mechanisms can be adjusted. In order to realize the position adjustment, the hand-operated lead screw 3017 is installed on the harvesting frame 3012, and the nut of the hand-operated lead screw 3017 is connected with the single-side frame, so that the position of the single-side frame can be adjusted by rotating the hand-operated lead screw 3017, and the left and right positions of the single-side harvesting mechanism are adjusted.

[0043] The single-side harvesting mechanism comprises a brush roller 3022 vertically connected with the harvesting frame 3012 and a second motor 3021 for driving the brush roller 3022 to rotate, and in this embodiment, the brush roller 3022 is connected with the single-side frame of the harvesting frame 3012, the single-side frame is fixed with a second motor plate 3028, the second motor plate 3028 is installed with the second motor 3021, the second motor plate 3028 is connected with the second motor 3021 and a third bearing seat 3023, the upper end of the brush roller 3022 is connected with the third bearing seat 3023, a second motor shaft 3024 is connected with the second motor 3021 and the brush roller 3022, the brush roller 3022 is provided with bristles, and the bristles are used for collecting flower filaments.

[0044] The collecting frame body 3012 is fixed with a concave plate 3018 and a collecting cover 3019 located on both sides of the brush roller 3022 respectively. In this embodiment, the concave plate 3018 and the collecting cover 3019 are connected with the single-side frame body of the collecting frame body 3012, so as to adjust the left and right positions with the single-side collecting mechanism. The concave plate 3018 is an arc-shaped plate and concentric with the brush roller 3022. A grid 3025 matched with the brush roller 3022 is arranged between the brush roller 3022 and the concave plate 3018. The grid 3025 is attached to the outer ring of the brush roller 3022 and is a metal mesh structure through which the flower filaments can pass. The grid 3025 and the concave plate 3018 form a flower ball passing space. When the collecting machine is running, the flower ball is introduced into the flower ball passing space through the two upper convex plates 301, passes through the flower ball passing space formed between the grid 3025 and the concave plate 3018, and the flower filaments pass through the grid 3025 and are collected by the brush roller 3022.

[0045] Since the two single-side collecting mechanisms collect the two sides of the plant respectively, the brush rollers 3022 of the two single-side collecting mechanisms are located on the two sides of the plant respectively.

[0046] The lower end of the collecting cover 3019 is fixed with a transverse straight brush 3027. In this embodiment, the lower end of the collecting cover 3019 is fixed with an h-shaped plate 3026, and the straight brush 3027 is fixed on the h-shaped plate 3026 for collecting the fallen flower filaments. Meanwhile, the plant can pass through this position by deforming the bristles of the straight brush 3027.

[0047] The single-side collecting mechanism further comprises a vertical small auger roller 3015. The small auger rollers 3015 of the two single-side collecting mechanisms are located between the two brush rollers 3022 and on the two sides of the plant respectively. The second bearing seat plate 3013 is connected with the single-side frame body of the aluminum profile 3012, the second fixed shaft 3014 and the second bearing seat 3016. The second fixed shaft 3014 is connected with the second bearing seat 3016 and the small auger roller 3015. The small auger roller 3015 can not rotate or can be driven to rotate by a motor for righting the plant collected on one side.

[0048] The air suction collecting device 2 is installed above the vehicle frame 106. The air suction collecting device 2 comprises a negative pressure fan 201 and a collecting box 205. The air inlet of the negative pressure fan 201 is communicated with the collecting cover 3019 through a suction pipe 204. The air suction collecting device 2 further comprises a fan support plate 202 connected with the vehicle frame 106 for fixing the negative pressure fan 201.

[0049] The air outlets of the negative pressure fan 201 are respectively communicated with the collecting box 205 and the inner side of the concave plate 3018 through blowing pipes 203. A filter screen is arranged in the communication pipe between the air outlet of the negative pressure fan 201 and the inner side of the concave plate 3018 to prevent the blown flower filaments from entering the concave plate 3018.

[0050] The power supply system 4 includes a diesel generator 401, a distribution box 402 and a motor speed regulator 403. The power supply system 4 is installed above the vehicle frame 106, the diesel generator 401 is installed on the vehicle frame 106 through a generator support plate 404, the distribution box 402 is connected with the vehicle frame 106 and the motor speed regulator 403, and is used for speed regulation of various motors, so as to facilitate selection of a suitable harvesting speed.

[0051] A safflower filament harvesting method, comprising the following steps:

[0052] a. Traveling of the self-propelled chassis: first, the self-propelled chassis is driven into a field to be harvested, the harvesting device 3 is aligned with the plants by adjusting the position of the self-propelled chassis, and then the self-propelled chassis is controlled to travel;

[0053] b. Filament harvesting: the long auger rollers 305 on both sides continuously rotate to right the plants, the plants pass through the flower ball space between the convex plate guide-in grid 3025 and the concave plate 3018, the flower ball is close to the grid 3025 under the limiting action of the concave plate 3018, the brush roller 3022 rotates and continuously rubs the grid 3025, the filament passes through the grid 3025 and is squeezed and pulled out by the brush and the grid, the small auger roller 3015 in the middle can right and relax the plants on one side which have been harvested, so as to facilitate the brush roller to harvest the filament on the other side;

[0054] c. Filament collection: the concave plate 3018 is connected with the blowing pipe of the negative pressure fan 201, the harvested filament is blown to the collection cover 3019, the collection cover 3019 is connected with the suction pipe of the negative pressure fan 201, the filament is sucked into the negative pressure fan under the action of the suction force generated by the negative pressure fan and is blown to the collection box 205 through the blowing port, and finally bagging is completed.

[0055] Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the technical features not described in the application can be realized by or using the prior art, which will not be described here; the above examples and drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the application and are not a limitation on the application, the preferred embodiments are described in detail, and those skilled in the art should understand that the changes, modifications, additions or replacements made by those skilled in the art within the essential scope of the application do not deviate from the purpose of the application, and should also belong to the protection scope of the claims of the application.

Claims

1. A mechanical safflower picking machine of brush roller group type, characterized in that: The device comprises a self-propelled chassis (1), an air suction collecting device (2), and a collecting device (3). The collecting device (3) comprises a collecting frame (3012) and two groups of single-side collecting mechanisms arranged in front and back. Each single-side collecting mechanism comprises a brush roller (3022) vertically connected to the collecting frame (3012) and a second motor (3021) for driving the brush roller (3022) to rotate. The collecting frame (3012) is fixedly connected with a concave plate (3018) and a collecting cover (3019) respectively located on both sides of the brush roller (3022). A grid (3025) matching the brush roller (3022) is arranged between the brush roller (3022) and the concave plate (3018). The grid (3025) and the concave plate (3018) form a flower ball passing space therebetween. The brush rollers (3022) of the two single-side collecting mechanisms are respectively located on both sides of the plant. The flower filaments on one side of the plant are collected by the single-side collecting mechanism in front, and then the flower filaments on the other side of the plant are collected by the single-side collecting mechanism in back. The two single-side collecting mechanisms are arranged in front and back and symmetrically arranged at the midpoint of the line connecting the two single-side collecting mechanisms. The air suction collecting device (2) comprises a negative pressure fan (201) and a collecting box (205). The air inlet of the negative pressure fan (201) is communicated with the collecting cover (3019), and the air outlet of the negative pressure fan (201) is communicated with the collecting box (205) and the inner side of the concave plate (3018). The collecting device (3) further comprises long auger rollers (305) located on both sides of the plant and a first motor (308) for driving the long auger rollers (305) to rotate. The collecting device (3) further comprises convex plates located on both sides of the plant. The convex plates are fixedly connected to the front end of the collecting frame (3012), and the two convex plates form a horn-shaped guiding space. The single-side collecting mechanism further comprises vertical small auger rollers (3015). The small auger rollers (3015) of the two single-side collecting mechanisms are located between the two brush rollers (3022) and on both sides of the plant. The method for collecting safflower filaments by the collecting machine comprises the following steps: a. Walking of the self-propelled chassis: first, the self-propelled chassis is driven into the field to be collected. The position of the self-propelled chassis is adjusted so that the collecting device (3) is aligned with the plant, and then the self-propelled chassis is controlled to move forward. b. Collection of the flower filaments: the long auger rollers (305) on both sides continuously rotate to support the plant. The plant passes through the flower ball passing space between the grid (3025) and the concave plate (3018) through the convex plates. Under the limiting action of the concave plate (3018), the flower ball approaches the grid (3025). The brush roller (3022) rotates and continuously rubs against the grid (3025). The flower filaments pass through the grid (3025) and are squeezed and pulled out by the brush and the grid. The small auger rollers (3015) in the middle play a certain role in supporting and relaxing the plant after the single-side collection, which facilitates the collection of the flower filaments on the other side by the brush roller. c. The collection of flower filaments: the concave plate (3018) is connected with the blowing pipe of the negative pressure fan (201), and the collected flower filaments are blown to the collection cover (3019). The collection cover (3019) is connected with the suction pipe of the negative pressure fan (201), and the flower filaments are sucked into the negative pressure fan and blown to the collection box (205) through the blowing pipe under the action of the suction force generated by the negative pressure fan, and finally the bagging is completed.

2. A mechanical safflower picking machine of brush roller group type according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the collection cover (3019) is fixedly connected with a transverse straight brush (3027).

3. A mechanical safflower picking machine of brush roller group type according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single-side collection mechanism is slidably connected on the left and right of the collection frame body (3012), and the collection device (3) further includes a hand-operated lead screw (3017) for adjusting the left and right positions of the single-side collection mechanism.

4. A mechanical safflower picking machine of brush roller group type according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication pipe on the inner side of the concave plate (3018) is provided with a filter screen.

5. A mechanical safflower picking machine of brush roller group type according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply system (4) includes a diesel generator (401), a distribution box (402) and a motor speed regulator (403).

6. A mechanical safflower picking machine of brush roller group type according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-propelled chassis (1) includes a frame (106) and wheel fixing frames (109) vertically connected to the four corners of the frame (106). The lower end of the wheel fixing frame (109) is provided with a wheel (1011) and a disc motor (1012) for driving the wheel (1011) to rotate. The frame (106) is provided with a steering motor (107) for driving the wheel fixing frame (109) to rotate.

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