Rubber-tyred rail vehicles

Abstract

The present invention discloses a rubber-tyred rail vehicle, comprising: a bogie, on which running wheels are arranged; an underframe, which is arranged on the bogie and connected to the bogie via a first suspension; and a carriage, which is arranged on the underframe and connected to the underframe via a second suspension. In the rubber-tyred rail vehicle according to the present invention, by adding a second suspension between the carriage and the bogie, the vibration reduction effect on the carriage is further improved, and the problem of stability of the vehicle when running at high speed is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of rail vehicles, and in particular to a rubber-tyred rail vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the related art, the passenger compartment of a conventional rubber-tyred rail vehicle is integrated with the chassis and directly connected to the bogie, which limits the increase in vehicle speed and has poor vehicle stability. When the vehicle changes speed, the passenger compartment will shake, and passengers will have low riding comfort. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide a rubber-tyred rail vehicle. In the rubber-tyred rail vehicle according to the present invention, a second suspension is added between the carriage and the bogie, thereby further improving the vibration reduction effect on the carriage and solving the problem of stability of the vehicle when running at high speed.

[0004] The rubber-tyred rail vehicle according to the present invention comprises: a bogie, on which running wheels are arranged; an underframe, which is arranged on the bogie and connected to the bogie via a first suspension; and a carriage, which is arranged on the underframe and connected to the underframe via a second suspension.

[0005] The rubber-tyred rail vehicle involved in the present invention can separate the carriage from the bogie by adding a second suspension between the carriage and the bogie, and a first suspension is also arranged between the chassis and the bogie. The first suspension and the second suspension can reduce vibration for the vehicle when the vehicle changes speed, thereby solving the problem of stability of the vehicle when running at high speed, and the speed increase of the vehicle is no longer limited by the stability of the vehicle.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second suspension includes: a shock absorber, one end of which is connected to the base frame; a first mounting portion, which is arranged at the other end of the shock absorber; and a second mounting portion, which is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body and is detachably connected to the first mounting portion.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion is configured as a magnetic adsorption member.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the chassis includes: a first support area, in which a plurality of second suspension mounting points are arranged, the second suspension is arranged at the corresponding second suspension mounting points, and the car body is detachably arranged on the first support area through the second suspension; a second support area, the second support area is arranged at the front and / or rear of the first support area, and the second support area and the front hood of the car body define a driving cab.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the running wheels are configured in pairs and are arranged on both sides of the bogie in a width direction.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, both sides of the first support area in the width direction are respectively formed with running wheel avoidance bags that protrude toward the vehicle compartment and are used to accommodate running wheels, and seats are arranged on the upper sides of the running wheel avoidance bags.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the walking wheel avoidance bag includes a top plate and a side plate, the side plate is connected to the outer periphery of the top plate and extends toward the track beam to define a accommodating cavity for accommodating the walking wheel, and the second suspension mounting point is arranged on the top plate and / or the side plate.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the track beam includes a walking surface supporting the walking wheels, an escape passage recessed inward is formed on the walking surface, and guide surfaces are formed on both sides of the escape passage facing each other; horizontal wheels are also provided on the bogie, and the horizontal wheels are constructed into one or more pairs and are respectively supported on the guide surfaces.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the base frame is provided with a device support position for supporting a load.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a third suspension is provided between the running wheel and the bogie.

[0015] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0017] Figure 1 2. It is a left side view of a rubber-tyred railway vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 4 is a front view of a rubber-tyred railway vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 4 is a front view of a rubber-tyred railway vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 2 is a bottom view of a carriage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 is a diagram of a second suspension structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the structure applied to a straddle-type rail vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Reference numerals:

[0024] Rubber-tyred rail vehicle 1; bogie 10; running wheel 11; horizontal wheel 12; third suspension 13; guide wheel 15; stabilizing wheel 16;

[0025] chassis 20; second suspension 21; shock absorbing member 211; first mounting portion 212; first support area 22; travel wheel avoidance bag 220; top plate 221; side plate 222; end plate 223; accommodating cavity 22a; second support area 23; cab 23a; equipment support position 24;

[0026] Carriage 30; first suspension 31; second mounting portion 32; platform 33. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0029] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0030] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or can communicate with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0032] In the related art, the passenger compartment of a conventional rubber-tyred rail vehicle is integrated with the chassis and directly connected to the bogie, which limits the increase in vehicle speed and has poor vehicle stability. When the vehicle changes speed, the passenger compartment will shake, and passengers will have low riding comfort.

[0033] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 6 A rubber-tyred railway vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0034] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the rubber-tyred rail vehicle 1 according to the present invention comprises: a bogie 10, a chassis 20 and a car 30. The bogie 10 is provided with a running wheel 11; the chassis 20 is arranged on the bogie 10 and connected to the bogie 10 through a first suspension 31; the car 30 is arranged on the chassis 20 and connected to the chassis 20 through a second suspension 21. Specifically, the chassis 20 falls on the bogie 10 through the first suspension 31, and the car 30 falls on the chassis 20 through the second suspension 21. The chassis 20 is arranged between the bogie 10 and the car 30 to reduce vibration of the rubber-tyred rail vehicle 1, wherein the first suspension 31 and the second suspension 21 can provide a buffering force for the vehicle in the driving direction and the gravity direction of the vehicle. When the vehicle changes speed, the first suspension 31 and the second suspension 21 reduce vibration of the vehicle, and the shaking amplitude of the car 30 is small, which effectively ensures the stability of the vehicle, and the riding comfort of passengers in the car 30 is also improved.

[0035] In the rubber-tyred rail vehicle 1 involved in the present invention, the car 30 can be separated from the bogie 10 by adding a second suspension 21 between the car 30 and the bogie 10, and a first suspension 31 is also provided between the chassis 20 and the bogie 10. The first suspension 31 and the second suspension 21 can reduce vibration of the vehicle when the vehicle changes speed, thereby solving the problem of stability of the vehicle when running at high speed, and the vehicle speed increase is no longer limited by the stability of the vehicle.

[0036] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 4-Figure 5 As shown, the second suspension 21 includes a shock absorber 211, a first mounting portion 212 and a second mounting portion 32. One end of the shock absorber 211 is connected to the base frame 20; the first mounting portion 212 is arranged at the other end of the shock absorber 211; the second mounting portion 32 is arranged at the bottom of the car body 30 and is detachably connected to the first mounting portion 212. Specifically, the second suspension 21 is arranged between the base frame 20 and the car body 30, wherein the shock absorber 211 is connected to the base frame 20, the first mounting portion 212 of the second suspension 21 is arranged at the other end of the shock absorber 211, and the second mounting portion 32 of the second suspension 21 is arranged at the bottom of the car body 30, and the first mounting portion 212 and the second mounting portion 32 can be matched and connected to install the car body 30 on the base frame 20. More specifically, the matching method of the first mounting portion 212 and the second mounting portion 32 can be magnetic connection, snap connection, threaded connection, etc., and the matching method satisfies that the first mounting portion 212 and the second mounting portion 32 are detachable. When the first mounting part 212 is separated from the second mounting part 32, the carriage 30 can also be separated from the chassis 20, which facilitates the replacement of the carriage 30. The vehicle can be converted between passenger cars, trucks, and mixed passenger and freight types, and is beneficial to the inspection and maintenance of the vehicle. When a device in a carriage 30 fails, the entire carriage 30 can be quickly replaced by separating the first mounting part 212 and the second mounting part 32, thereby improving operational efficiency.

[0037] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 4-Figure 5 As shown, at least one of the first mounting portion 212 and the second mounting portion 32 is configured as a magnetic adsorption member. Specifically, the first mounting portion 212 and the second mounting portion 32 are easier to disassemble and separate when they are matched by magnetic attraction. When the first mounting portion 212 is a magnetic adsorption member, the second mounting portion 32 can be a magnetic adsorption member or an iron metal plate, or when the second mounting portion 32 is a magnetic adsorption member, the first mounting portion 212 is a magnetic adsorption member or an iron metal plate. Preferably, both the first mounting portion 212 and the second mounting portion 32 are magnetic adsorption members.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the chassis 20 includes a first support area 22 and a second support area 23. A plurality of second suspension 21 mounting points are arranged in the first support area 22, and the second suspension 21 is arranged at the corresponding second suspension 21 mounting points. The carriage 30 is detachably arranged in the first support area 22 through the second suspension 21; the second support area 23 is arranged at the front and / or rear of the first support area 22, and the second support area 23 and the front cover define a cab 23a. Specifically, the carriage 30 can fall on the first support area 22 through the second suspension 21, and there are a plurality of second suspension 21 mounting points. The shock absorber 211 is constructed in a plurality of ways, and one end of the shock absorber 211 is connected to the second suspension 21 mounting point. A plurality of second mounting parts 32 are also arranged at the bottom of the carriage 30. The first mounting parts 212 on the plurality of shock absorbers 211 respectively cooperate with the plurality of second mounting parts 32. Multiple locations at the bottom of the carriage 30 are connected to the second suspension 21, and the carriage 30 is more stable. More specifically, the vehicle has a small cab 23a, which is arranged in an area defined by a chassis 20 at the end of the vehicle and a hood of the vehicle body, making the structure of the vehicle more compact and effectively reducing the space occupied by the cab 23a.

[0039] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the running wheels 11 are constructed in pairs and are arranged on both sides of the bogie 10 in the width direction. Specifically, the running wheels 11 of the vehicle run on the track beam, and the cross-section of the track beam is a "concave" shape with a concave middle and convex sides with the same height. There are multiple pairs of running wheels 11, and each pair of running wheels 11 is arranged on both sides of the protruding track beam, and a bogie 10 is arranged between each pair of running wheels 11. The running wheels 11 are arranged on both sides of the track beam, and the anti-rolling ability of the vehicle is better, which improves the stability of the vehicle when driving.

[0040] In the prior art, the diameter of the running wheel 11 of the conventional rubber-wheeled rail vehicle 1 is relatively large. When the running wheel 11 is completely arranged under the vehicle frame 20, the height of the entire vehicle is too high and the center of gravity is unstable. In order to accommodate the running wheel 11 while lowering the center of gravity of the vehicle, a running wheel avoidance bag 220 is arranged inside the car 30. The running wheel avoidance bag 220 occupies a large space, affecting the walking of passengers. In addition, the conventional rubber-wheeled rail vehicle 1 is large in size, making it difficult to achieve miniaturized vehicle development.

[0041] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the first support area 22 has two sides in the width direction formed with wheel avoidance bags 220 protruding toward the carriage 30 and used to accommodate the running wheels 11, and the seats in the carriage 30 are located on the upper side of the wheel avoidance bags 220. Specifically, part of the chassis 20 is protruding toward the carriage 30 on both sides in the width direction, and the chassis 20 protruding toward the carriage 30 forms the wheel avoidance bags 220, and part of the running wheels 11 can be accommodated in the wheel avoidance bags 220, and the two sides of the carriage 30 where the seats are arranged also protrude into the carriage 30 to form a platform 33, and there are multiple seats, and the multiple seats are respectively arranged on the platforms 33 on both sides of the carriage 30 to make full use of the space, and the seats can also be arranged on the floor of the carriage 30.

[0042] The platform 33 of the carriage 30 and the running wheel avoidance bag 220 of the chassis 20 can be matched through the second suspension 21. More specifically, the running wheel avoidance bag 220 is formed in the first support area 22 of the chassis 20. The running wheels 11 are arranged on both sides of the track beam, and the left and right running wheels can be hidden in the running wheel avoidance bag 220 under the seat, which releases the space in the carriage 30, increases the passenger capacity of the vehicle, and increases the passing width and transparency of the carriage 30. In addition, part of the running wheel 11 is located inside the vehicle, and the overall center of gravity of the vehicle is lower, which can realize a low-floor rail vehicle.

[0043] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the running wheel avoidance bag 220 includes a top plate 221 and a side plate 222, the side plate 222 is connected to the outer periphery of the top plate 221 and extends toward the track beam to define a accommodating cavity 22a for accommodating the running wheel 11, and the second suspension 21 installation point is set on the top plate 221 and / or the side plate 222. Specifically, the first supporting area 22 is provided with a top plate 221, a side plate 222 and an end plate 223, wherein the top plate 221 and the side plate 222 constitute a walking wheel avoidance bag 220, and the inclined side plate 222 connects the horizontally set top plate 221 and the horizontally set end plate 223, and the end plate 223 is set lower than the top plate 221. When the mounting point of the second suspension 21 is set on the top plate 221 and the end plate 223, the second suspension 21 can provide a buffering force for the car body 30 in the direction of gravity; when the mounting point of the second suspension 21 is set on the side plate 222, the second suspension 21 can provide a buffering force for the car body 30 in the driving direction of the vehicle and the direction of gravity. The car body 30 is more stable when the vehicle is driving, and the shock absorbing effect of the second suspension 21 is better.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the track beam is provided with a running surface suitable for supporting the running wheels 11, and an escape passage recessed toward the inside is formed on the running surface, and guide surfaces are formed on both sides of the escape passage facing each other; the bogie 10 is also provided with horizontal wheels 12, and the horizontal wheels 12 are configured as one or more pairs and are supported on the guide surfaces respectively. Specifically, the cross section of the track beam is concave in the middle, and the concave part forms an escape passage, and each pair of horizontal wheels 12 is supported on the guide surfaces facing each other on the inner side of the escape passage. The vehicle is provided with horizontal wheels 12, which is beneficial to improving the anti-roll performance of the vehicle.

[0045] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a device support position 24 for supporting the load is provided on the chassis 20. Specifically, the load device can be provided at the load support position, which can reduce the weight carried by the carriage 30, and the vehicle structure after the load support position is provided is more compact, the size of the whole vehicle can be greatly reduced, and the vehicle can be miniaturized.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a third suspension 13 is provided between the running wheel 11 and the bogie 10. Specifically, the bogie 10 falls on the running wheel 11 through the third suspension 13, and the third suspension 13 can provide a buffer force for the bogie 10 when the running wheel 11 rotates. The rubber-tyred rail vehicle 1 can completely solve the problem of vehicle stability when the high-speed vehicle is running by providing the first suspension 31, the second suspension 21 and the third suspension 13. The three-series suspension can make the vehicle speed not limited by the vehicle stability.

[0047] like Figure 6 As shown, the rubber-tyred rail vehicle 1 according to the present invention can also be constructed as a straddle-type rail vehicle, the vehicle's running wheels 11 are located on the upper side of the track beam, and the bogie 10 is provided with guide wheels 15 and stabilizing wheels 16 located on both sides of the track beam.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, the rubber-tyred rail vehicle 1 according to the present invention includes a bogie 10, a chassis 20 and a car 30. The chassis 20 falls on the bogie 10 through the first suspension 31, the car 30 falls on the chassis 20 through the second suspension 21, and the bogie 10 falls on the running wheel 11 through the third suspension 13. The chassis 20 includes a first support area 22 and a second support area 23, a load support position is arranged between the first support area 22 and the second support area 23, and running wheel avoidance bags 220 are formed on both sides of the first support area 22 in the width direction, and a plurality of second suspension 21 installation points are arranged on the top plate 221 and the side plate 222 of the running wheel avoidance bag 220. A platform 33 is formed on both sides of the car 30 in the width direction, and seats are arranged on the platform 33. The second suspension 21 includes a vibration damper 211, a first mounting portion 212 and a second mounting portion 32. The vibration damper 211 is arranged at the mounting point of the second suspension 21. The first mounting portion 212 is arranged at the other end of the vibration damper 211. The second mounting portion 32 is arranged at the bottom of the platform 33. The first mounting portion 212 and the second mounting portion 32 are both magnetic adsorption parts. The carriage 30 and the chassis 20 can be connected by magnetic attraction. There are multiple pairs of running wheels 11 and part of them are located in the running wheel avoidance bag 220. The running wheels 11 are arranged on both sides of the track beam, and the two horizontal wheels 12 are supported on the side walls of the guide groove of the guide surface of the track beam.

[0049] In the rubber-tyred rail vehicle 1 of the present invention, the carriage 30 can be separated from the bogie 10 by adding a second suspension 21 between the carriage 30 and the bogie 10, and a first suspension 31 is also provided between the chassis 20 and the bogie 10. The first suspension 31 and the second suspension 21 can reduce vibration for the vehicle when the vehicle changes speed, thereby solving the problem of stability of the vehicle when running at high speed, and the vehicle speed increase is no longer limited by the stability of the vehicle. The vehicle is also provided with a third suspension 31. When the vehicle changes speed, the three-series suspension can reduce vibration for the vehicle, and the shaking amplitude of the car 30 is small, thereby ensuring the stability of the vehicle. The car 30 and the chassis 20 are detachable, which is convenient for the replacement of the car 30, conducive to the maintenance and inspection of the vehicle, and improves the operating efficiency. The two ends of the vehicle are the cab 23a, and the load equipment is arranged between the cab 23a and the car 30. The vehicle structure is more compact, the vehicle size can be reduced, and the vehicle miniaturization is realized. A part of the running wheel 11 is arranged in the vehicle to lower the center of gravity of the vehicle and realize a low-floor rail vehicle. The running wheel avoidance bag 220 is arranged under the seat, does not occupy the space in the vehicle, and increases the width and passenger capacity of the car 30. The running wheels 11 and the horizontal wheels 12 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides to enhance the anti-roll capability of the vehicle.

[0050] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0051] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments described above.

Claims

1. A rubber-tyred rail vehicle (1), characterized in that: include: A bogie (10), wherein the bogie (10) is provided with running wheels (11); An underframe (20), the underframe (20) being arranged on the bogie (10) and connected to the bogie (10) via a first suspension (31); A carriage (30), the carriage (30) being arranged on the base frame (20) and connected to the base frame (20) via a second suspension (21); The second suspension (21) comprises: A vibration damping member (211), one end of the vibration damping member (211) being connected to the base frame (20); A first mounting portion (212), the first mounting portion (212) being arranged at the other end of the vibration damping member (211); A second mounting portion (32), the second mounting portion (32) being disposed at the bottom of the carriage (30) and being detachably connected to the first mounting portion (212); At least one of the first mounting portion (212) and the second mounting portion (32) is configured as a magnetic adsorption member; The base frame (20) comprises: a first support area (22), wherein a plurality of second suspension (21) mounting points are arranged in the first support area (22), the second suspension (21) is arranged at corresponding second suspension (21) mounting points, and the carriage (30) is detachably arranged in the first support area (22) via the second suspension (21); A second support area (23), the second support area (23) being arranged in front of and / or behind the first support area (22), the second support area (23) and the front cover of the vehicle compartment defining a driving cab (23a); A third suspension (13) is provided between the running wheel (11) and the bogie (10).

2. The rubber-tyred rail vehicle (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The running wheels (11) are structured into a plurality of pairs and are arranged on both sides of the bogie (10) in the width direction.

3. The rubber-tyred rail vehicle (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both sides of the first support area (22) in the width direction are respectively formed with running wheel avoidance bags (220) protruding toward the carriage (30) and used to accommodate the running wheels (11), and a seat is arranged on the upper side of the running wheel avoidance bag (220).

4. The rubber-tyred rail vehicle (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that: The walking wheel avoidance bag (220) comprises a top plate (221) and a side plate (222), wherein the side plate (222) is connected to the outer periphery of the top plate (221) and extends toward the track beam to define an accommodating cavity (22a) for accommodating the walking wheel (11), and the second suspension (21) mounting point is arranged on the top plate (221) and / or the side plate (222).

5. The rubber-tyred rail vehicle (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that: The track beam comprises a walking surface supporting the walking wheel, an escape passage recessed inwardly is formed on the walking surface, and guide surfaces are formed on two sides of the escape passage facing each other; The bogie (10) is also provided with horizontal wheels (12), which are constructed as a pair or multiple pairs and are respectively supported on the guide surfaces.

6. The rubber-tyred rail vehicle (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base frame (20) is provided with a device support position (24) for supporting a load.

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