Ultra-thin flexible cover glass dicing system

Abstract

This invention discloses an ultra-thin flexible cover glass slitting system, belonging to the field of glass production technology. The technical solution includes: a UV exposure device, a water immersion desmearing device, and a single-piece separation device arranged sequentially; the UV exposure device includes a UV exposure machine with UV lamps inside; the front and rear ends of the UV exposure machine are respectively provided with a glass inlet and a glass outlet, with soft curtains installed at both ends; a glass conveying platform runs through the front and rear ends of the UV exposure machine, and a glass conveying mechanism is installed on the glass conveying platform. This invention eliminates the need to open the top cover of the UV exposure machine to place the glass into it, greatly improving production efficiency; by integrating the UV exposure, water immersion desmearing, and single-piece separation processes into one unit, it reduces product turnaround time during slitting, improves production efficiency, and lowers product transportation costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of glass production technology, specifically to an ultra-thin flexible cover glass sheeting system. Background Technology

[0002] Ultra-thin flexible glass (UTG) is characterized by its foldability, flexibility, smooth feel, and good uniformity. Cover glass, on the other hand, is characterized by its high strength and high light transmittance, and is commonly used for surface protection of various displays such as mobile phone screens, automotive displays, and watch displays. Ultra-thin flexible cover glass perfectly combines the characteristics of ultra-thin flexible glass and cover glass, making it an indispensable raw material in the foldable display industry.

[0003] In the production of ultra-thin flexible cover glass, because the original sheet of ultra-thin flexible cover glass is relatively thin (30-70um), cutting a single sheet of glass can easily lead to breakage and has low efficiency. Therefore, when cutting, a certain number of ultra-thin flexible cover glass sheets are usually stacked (the overall thickness after stacking is 2-5cm), and adjacent sheets are fixed together with UV adhesive before cutting. After the glass is cut and shaped by CNC machine tool, the stacked glass needs to be separated into individual sheets. The separation process mainly includes three stages: UV exposure, water immersion to remove adhesive, and single-sheet separation.

[0004] Currently, the sheeting process in the ultra-thin flexible cover glass industry has the following main shortcomings:

[0005] 1. There is a lot of manual intervention in the UV exposure process: 1) Most UV exposure machines adopt a flip-top design (such as the SPF exposure machine of Wangchang Machinery Industry (Kunshan) Co., Ltd.). During exposure, the top cover of the UV exposure machine needs to be opened manually and the glass needs to be placed inside, which affects production efficiency; 2) The UV exposure section is an independent section and there is no connection between it and the next section (soaking in water to remove glue). A lot of manual labor is required for product turnover and transportation, which increases labor costs.

[0006] 2. The UV lamps of the UV exposure machine are located at the top of the machine. Since the ultra-thin flexible cover glass is made up of many layers of glass bonded together, the top layer of glass is exposed first, and the UV light becomes weaker as you go down. Therefore, a long exposure time is required to expose all the stacked ultra-thin flexible glass, which affects production efficiency.

[0007] 3. The water soaking and adhesive removal process takes a relatively long time (usually 30-45 minutes).

[0008] 4. The single-piece separation section uses manual separation: the operator holds a suction pen (such as the four-claw elliptical vacuum suction pen of Shenzhen Chengrui Technology Co., Ltd.) to pick up and separate the ultra-thin flexible glass pieces after the glue has been removed. This process requires very strict operation skills from the operator and is prone to breakage. Because the glass has a high degree of surface flatness, the adhesion between the glass pieces is strong, resulting in low efficiency of manual separation. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an ultra-thin flexible cover glass slitting system that eliminates the need to open the top cover of the UV exposure machine to place the glass into the UV exposure machine, thus greatly improving production efficiency; it integrates the three processes of UV exposure, water immersion for descaling, and single-piece slitting into one, reducing the product turnaround time during the slitting process, improving production efficiency, and reducing product transportation costs.

[0010] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0011] The ultra-thin flexible cover glass slitting system includes a UV exposure device, a water immersion adhesive removal device, and a single-piece separation device arranged sequentially. The UV exposure device includes a UV exposure machine containing UV lamps. The front and rear ends of the UV exposure machine have glass inlets and outlets, respectively, with soft curtains at each. A glass conveying platform runs through the front and rear ends of the UV exposure machine, and a glass conveying mechanism is installed on the platform. The water immersion adhesive removal device includes a water immersion adhesive removal tank with an inlet and outlet. A glass storage basket is installed inside the water immersion adhesive removal tank. The single-piece separation device includes a single-piece separation tank containing a glass separation basket, with auxiliary slitting mechanisms on both sides of the glass separation basket. A robotic arm is installed on one side of the single-piece separation tank, with suction cups mounted on the slitting end of the robotic arm. The suction cups are connected to a vacuum device via pipes.

[0012] Preferably, the glass conveying mechanism includes several conveying shafts mounted on the glass conveying platform. The conveying shafts are driven to rotate by a drive motor, and several conveying rollers are provided on the conveying shafts.

[0013] Preferably, two limiting plates are arranged opposite each other on the conveying platform above the conveying rollers. The length direction of the limiting plates extends along the glass conveying direction, and the inlet opening of the two limiting plates is larger than the outlet opening.

[0014] Preferably, the limiting plate is provided with a plurality of telescopic rods at intervals along the length direction. The telescopic rods include sleeves, one end of which is fixed to the limiting plate, and the other end is threaded to an operating rod, which is inserted into the conveying platform.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of ultraviolet lamps are installed on the top and side surfaces of the ultraviolet exposure machine.

[0016] Preferably, a mirror-reflective film is provided inside the ultraviolet exposure machine below the conveyor rollers.

[0017] Preferably, the water-soaking adhesive removal tank is equipped with several stirring mechanisms, each including a stirring motor. The output shaft of the stirring motor is connected to a stirring rod, which extends into the water-soaking adhesive removal tank.

[0018] Preferably, the two opposite ends of the glass storage basket are respectively fixed to two outer sleeves arranged vertically. A support rod is inserted into the outer sleeve, and the two ends of the support rod are fixed to the inner wall of the water-soaking adhesive removal tank. A spring is sleeved on both ends of the support rod. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the fixed end of the support rod and the water-soaking adhesive removal tank, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve.

[0019] Preferably, the bottom of the water-soaking adhesive removal tank is provided with a heating partition, and a plurality of electric heating mechanisms are installed inside the heating partition.

[0020] Preferably, the auxiliary slicing mechanism is an ion fan.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. The glass slitting system of this invention allows for automatic transfer of glass to the UV exposure machine simply by placing the glass frame containing the glass on the conveyor platform. This eliminates the need to open the top cover of the UV exposure machine to insert the glass, significantly improving production efficiency. Furthermore, this system integrates UV exposure, water immersion for desmearing, and single-piece slitting into a single process, reducing product turnaround time during slitting, increasing production efficiency, and lowering product handling costs.

[0023] 2. This invention designs an ultraviolet exposure machine that can simultaneously expose glass from four sides, ensuring exposure quality while reducing exposure time and improving production efficiency.

[0024] 3. The present invention sets up a heating partition, a stirring mechanism and a swaying glass storage basket in the water-soaking adhesive removal tank of the water-soaking adhesive removal section, which greatly improves the adhesive removal speed. The water-soaking adhesive removal processing time is reduced from the original 30-45 min / frame to 20-25 min / frame, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0025] 4. The single-piece separation section of this invention uses a robotic arm for separation, combined with an ion fan to assist in separation, avoiding breakage caused by worker operation techniques, ensuring the quality of glass separation, and improving separation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ultraviolet exposure device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ultraviolet exposure machine of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic rod of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the glass frame structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the water-soaking adhesive removal tank of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a top view of the water-soaking adhesive removal tank of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the glass storage basket of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring mechanism of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the single-piece separation tank of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 11 This is a top view of the single-piece separation tank of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the support tube structure of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the robotic arm of the present invention.

[0040] In the diagram, 1. Ultraviolet exposure device; 101. Ultraviolet exposure machine; 102. Ultraviolet lamp; 103. Soft curtain; 104. Glass conveying platform; 105. Conveyor shaft; 106. Limiting plate; 107. Telescopic rod; 1071. Sleeve; 1072. Operating rod; 108. Mirror reflective film; 109. Anti-collision silicone; 2. Water immersion adhesive removal device; 201. Water immersion adhesive removal tank; 202. Water inlet; 203. Water outlet; 204. Glass storage basket; 205. Outer sleeve; 206. Support rod; 2 07. Spring; 208. Heating partition; 209. Stirring motor; 210. Stirring rod; 211. Waterproof protective tank; 212. Transparent observation window; 3. Single-piece separation device; 301. Single-piece separation tank; 302. Glass separation basket; 303. Robotic arm; 3031. Support part; 3032. Adsorption part; 304. Suction cup; 305. Ion fan; 306. Support tube; 3061. Inner telescopic tube; 3062. Outer telescopic tube; 3063. Pin; 4. Glass frame; 401. Handle. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an ultra-thin flexible cover glass separation system, including a UV exposure device 1, a water immersion adhesive removal device 2, and a single-piece separation device 3 arranged sequentially; as shown... Figure 2-3 As shown, the ultraviolet exposure device 1 includes an ultraviolet exposure machine 101, and several ultraviolet lamps 102 (light intensity 1500-3200mW / cm²) are respectively installed on the top and side surfaces inside the ultraviolet exposure machine 101. 2 The UV exposure machine 101 has a glass inlet and a glass outlet at its front and rear ends, respectively, and PVC anti-static soft curtains 103 are installed at both the glass inlet and the glass outlet. A glass conveying platform 104 runs through the front and rear ends of the UV exposure machine 101, and a glass conveying mechanism is installed on the glass conveying platform 104. The glass conveying mechanism includes several conveying shafts 105 installed on the glass conveying platform 104. The conveying shafts 105 are driven to rotate by a drive motor, and several conveying rollers are installed on the conveying shafts 105. Figure 6-7As shown, the water-immersion adhesive removal device 2 includes a water-immersion adhesive removal tank 201, which is provided with an inlet 202 and an outlet 203; a glass storage basket 204 is provided inside the water-immersion adhesive removal tank 201; as shown Figure 10-11 As shown, the single-piece separation device 3 includes a single-piece separation tank 301, a glass separation basket 302 is disposed within the single-piece separation tank 301, and auxiliary separation mechanisms are disposed on both sides of the glass separation basket 302; as shown Figure 1 and 13 As shown, a robotic arm 303 is provided on one side of the single-piece separation tank 301. A suction cup 304 is installed on the segmentation end of the robotic arm 303, and the suction cup 304 is connected to a vacuum pumping device through a pipeline.

[0044] Working principle:

[0045] After the ultra-thin flexible cover glass has been cut and shaped using a CNC machine tool, it is placed into the glass frame 4 (e.g., Figure 5 As shown, the glass frame 4 is made of alloy material, and the entire surface of the glass frame 4 is covered with a layer of soft rubber (such as silicone) to prevent damage caused by friction and collision between the glass and the glass frame 4 during transportation. A handle 401 is fixed to the short side of the glass frame 4 to facilitate the transportation of the glass frame 4 by the staff.

[0046] After the ultra-thin flexible cover glass is placed into the glass frame 4, the operator places the glass frame 4 on the conveyor platform. The glass is then conveyed to the UV exposure machine 101, where UV lamps from the top and sides expose the glass, causing changes in the UV adhesive between the glass panes, facilitating subsequent water immersion and adhesive removal. The UV lamps 102 and the drive motor of the conveyor shaft 105 are both controlled by a controller. After exposure, the glass passes through the PVC anti-static curtain 103 of the UV exposure machine 101 and enters the conveyor platform at the glass exit end. Anti-collision silicone 109 is installed on the conveyor platform at the glass exit end of the UV exposure machine 101 to prevent damage to the glass frame 4 or the conveyor platform due to collisions caused by conveying inertia.

[0047] The glass, having undergone UV exposure, remains in glass frame 4. The operator then places glass frame 4 into glass storage basket 204 within water-immersion adhesive removal tank 201. Glass storage basket 204 is made of alloy material, and water is supplied to the water-immersion adhesive removal tank 201 via a water inlet 202 to remove adhesive from the glass. A transparent observation window 212 is also provided on the side of the water-immersion adhesive removal tank 201, allowing real-time monitoring of the adhesive removal progress.

[0048] After the glass frame 4 is soaked in water to remove the adhesive, the operator places it into the glass separation basket 302 inside the single-piece separation tank 301 for separation. The glass separation basket 302 is made of anti-static plastic, with its short side fixed to four stainless steel fixing rods. The two ends of the fixing rods are fixed to the inner wall of the single-piece separation tank 301. Using a vacuuming device, the suction cups 304 of the robotic arm 303 adsorb and separate the water-soaked and adhesive-removed glass into individual pieces. The robotic arm 303 includes a support part 3031, an adsorption part 3032, and a suction cup 304 mounted on the adsorption part 3032. The support part 3031 can rotate horizontally in place, and the adsorption part 3032 can rotate vertically, thus achieving the adsorption and separation of the glass. The rotational connection between the support part 3031 and the adsorption part 3032 of the robotic arm 303 can use existing technology and will not be described in detail here. After the robotic arm 303 picks up a single piece of glass, air is introduced into the suction cup 304 through the pipe, which releases the glass into the collection device.

[0049] While the robotic arm 303 is separating the glass, the ion blowers 305 set on both sides of the single-piece separation tank 301 start working under the control of the controller. The ion wind blown by the ion blowers 305 blows to both sides of the glass. When the robotic arm 303 picks up the first piece of glass, the ion wind removes static electricity from the glass and also helps to accelerate the separation of the first piece of glass and its adjacent second piece of glass, thereby reducing the separation time and improving production efficiency.

[0050] In addition, to achieve height adjustment of the single-piece separation tank 301, such as Figure 10 and 12 As shown, support tubes 306 are respectively installed at the four corners of the bottom of the single-piece separation groove 301. The support tubes 306 are designed as telescopic structures, including an inner telescopic tube 3061 and an outer telescopic tube 3062. The outer telescopic tube 3062 has a hole through which a pin 3063 can pass. The inner telescopic tube 3061 has several connecting holes that can mate with the pin 3063. The pin 3063 passes through the hole in the outer telescopic tube 3062 and the connecting hole in the inner telescopic tube 3061 to connect and fix the support tube 306. By inserting the pin 3063 into different connecting holes on the inner telescopic tube 3061, the length of the support tube 306 can be adjusted, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the height of the single-piece separation groove 301. The bottom of the support tube 306 can also be equipped with casters with self-locking devices for easy handling of the single-piece separation groove 301.

[0051] In this embodiment, the glass slitting system automatically transfers the glass to the UV exposure machine 101 by simply placing the glass frame 4 containing the glass on the conveyor platform. This eliminates the need to open the top cover of the UV exposure machine 101 to insert the glass, significantly improving production efficiency. Furthermore, this embodiment integrates UV exposure, water immersion for desmearing, and single-piece slitting into a single process, reducing product turnaround time during slitting, increasing production efficiency, and lowering product handling costs.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 2 As shown, two limiting plates 106 are arranged opposite each other on the conveying platform 104 above the conveying rollers. The length direction of the limiting plates 106 extends along the glass conveying direction, and the inlet opening of the two limiting plates 106 is larger than the outlet opening. When the glass frame 4 is placed at the inlet end of the conveying platform, the glass frame 4 is conveyed under the limiting action of the two limiting plates 106 with gradually decreasing openings. This effectively prevents the glass frame 4 from deviating after entering the UV exposure machine 101 and prevents the glass frame 4 from getting stuck in the UV exposure machine 101 and being unable to be conveyed smoothly.

[0054] Furthermore, in order to adapt the limiting plate 106 to glass and glass frame 4 of different sizes, such as Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of telescopic rods 107 are spaced apart along the length of the limiting plate 106. Each telescopic rod 107 includes a sleeve 1071, one end of which is fixed to the limiting plate 106, and the other end is threadedly connected to an operating rod 1072, which is inserted into the conveying platform. By rotating the operating rod 1072, the sleeve 1071 extends or retracts on the operating rod 1072, thereby changing the position of the limiting plate 106 to adjust the distance between the two limiting plates 106.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 3 As shown, a mirror-reflective film 108 is installed below the conveyor rollers inside the ultraviolet exposure machine 101. The function of the mirror-reflective film 108 is to reflect the ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet lamps 102 on the side of the ultraviolet exposure machine 101, thereby exposing the bottom of the stacked glass as well. In this way, the glass can be exposed simultaneously from the top, bottom, and both sides, saving exposure time and improving production efficiency.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 6As shown, the bottom of the water-soaking adhesive removal tank 201 is provided with a heating partition 208, which is completely sealed and contains several electric heating mechanisms. These electric heating mechanisms can be existing products such as silicon carbide rods. When the electric heating mechanisms are powered on, they continuously heat the bottom of the water-soaking adhesive removal tank 201, thereby heating the water in the tank 201 (maintaining the water temperature at 60-70℃), which accelerates adhesive removal.

[0059] Example 5

[0060] Based on Example 4, such as Figure 6-7 As shown in Figure 9, the water-soaking adhesive removal tank 201 is equipped with two stirring mechanisms, each including a stirring motor 209. The output shaft of the stirring motor 209 is connected to a stirring rod 210, which extends into the water-soaking adhesive removal tank 201. A waterproof protective tank 211 is provided between the stirring rod 210 and the stirring motor 209, through which the stirring rod extends into the water-soaking adhesive removal tank 201. The waterproof protective tank 211 is located above the heating partition 208 and is sealed with a sealing ring between itself and the output shaft of the stirring motor 209. The waterproof protective tank 211 prevents water from entering the heating partition 208 and the stirring motor 209 and damaging the equipment when the stirring rod 210 is working.

[0061] At the same time, such as Figure 8 As shown, the glass storage basket 204 has its opposite ends fixed to two upper and lower outer sleeves 205. A support rod 206 is inserted into each outer sleeve 205, and both ends of the support rod 206 are fixed to the inner wall of the water-soaking adhesive removal tank 201. Springs 207 are fitted onto both ends of the support rod 206. One end of each spring 207 is fixedly connected to the fixed end of the support rod 206 and the water-soaking adhesive removal tank 201, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve 205. The springs 207 prevent the glass storage basket 204 from colliding with the water-soaking adhesive removal tank 201 when sliding back and forth.

[0062] When removing adhesive by soaking in water, the glass storage basket 204 will also shake as the water is stirred by the stirring mechanism, causing the glass inside to shake as well, which can speed up the removal of adhesive.

[0063] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made to the embodiments of the invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and essence of the invention, and such modifications or substitutions should all be within the scope of the invention. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the invention should also be covered within the protection scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An ultra-thin flexible cover glass separation system, comprising a UV exposure device (1), a water immersion adhesive removal device (2), and a single-piece separation device arranged sequentially; characterized in that, The ultraviolet exposure device (1) includes an ultraviolet exposure machine (101), and an ultraviolet lamp (102) is installed inside the ultraviolet exposure machine (101); a glass inlet and a glass outlet are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the ultraviolet exposure machine (101), and a soft curtain (103) is respectively provided at the glass inlet and the glass outlet; a glass conveying platform (104) is provided through the front and rear ends of the ultraviolet exposure machine (101), and a glass conveying mechanism is provided on the glass conveying platform (104); The water-soaking adhesive removal device (2) includes a water-soaking adhesive removal tank (201), which is provided with an inlet (202) and an outlet (203); a glass storage basket (204) is provided inside the water-soaking adhesive removal tank (201). The single-piece separation device (3) includes a single-piece separation tank (301), a glass separation basket (302) is provided in the single-piece separation tank (301), and auxiliary slicing mechanisms are provided on both sides of the glass separation basket (302); a robot arm (303) is provided on one side of the single-piece separation tank (301), and a suction cup (304) is installed on the slicing end of the robot arm (303), and the suction cup (304) is connected to a vacuum pumping device through a pipeline; Several ultraviolet lamps (102) are installed on the top and side surfaces of the ultraviolet exposure machine (101). A mirror-reflective film (108) is provided inside the ultraviolet exposure machine (101) below the conveyor roller.

2. The ultra-thin flexible cover glass segmentation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The glass conveying mechanism includes several conveying shafts (105) installed on the glass conveying platform (104). The conveying shafts (105) are driven to rotate by a drive motor, and several conveying rollers are provided on the conveying shafts (105).

3. The ultra-thin flexible cover glass segmentation system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, On the conveying platform, two limiting plates (106) are arranged opposite each other above the conveying roller. The length direction of the limiting plates (106) extends along the glass conveying direction, and the inlet opening of the two limiting plates (106) is larger than the outlet opening.

4. The ultra-thin flexible cover glass segmentation system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The limiting plate (106) is provided with a number of telescopic rods (107) spaced apart along the length direction. The telescopic rod (107) includes a sleeve (1071). One end of the sleeve (1071) is fixed on the limiting plate (106), and the other end is threaded to an operating rod (1072). The operating rod (1072) is inserted into the conveying platform.

5. The ultra-thin flexible cover glass segmentation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water-soaking adhesive removal tank (201) is equipped with several stirring mechanisms, including a stirring motor (209). The output shaft of the stirring motor (209) is connected to a stirring rod (210), which extends into the water-soaking adhesive removal tank (201).

6. The ultra-thin flexible cover glass segmentation system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The glass storage basket (204) is fixed at its opposite ends to two outer tubes (205) set at the top and bottom respectively. A support rod (206) is inserted into the outer tube (205). The two ends of the support rod (206) are fixed to the inner wall of the water-soaked adhesive removal tank (201). Springs (207) are respectively sleeved on both ends of the support rod (206). One end of the spring (207) is fixedly connected to the fixed end of the support rod (206) and the water-soaked adhesive removal tank (201), and the other end is fixedly connected to the outer tube (205).

7. The ultra-thin flexible cover glass segmentation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the water-soaking adhesive removal tank (201) is provided with a heating partition (208), and several electric heating mechanisms are installed inside the heating partition (208).

8. The ultra-thin flexible cover glass segmentation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary segmentation mechanism uses an ion fan (305).

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