A solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy utilization, in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage system based on self-circulation heat exchange of hydrogen. The system includes a pressure controller, a safety valve, a circulation pump, a ball valve, a hydrogen storage reactor, a three-way ball valve, and a cooler. The specific structure is as follows: the safety valve, the circulation pump, the ball valve, the hydrogen storage reactor, the three-way ball valve, and the cooler are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a loop, the hydrogen outlet of the pressure controller is connected to the pipeline between the safety valve and the cooler, the hydrogen inlet of the pressure controller is connected to the hydrogen source, and one port of the three-way ball valve is the hydrogen outlet. The present invention solves the problem of complex system structure caused by thermal management requirements in existing solid-state hydrogen storage systems, utilizes forced convection heat exchange between the hydrogen circulation flow and the hydrogen storage material reaction bed, effectively manages the hydrogen absorption reaction process, and simultaneously realizes effective mass transfer and reaction heat transfer of hydrogen in the hydrogen absorption process, and avoids the complex heat exchange structure and related supporting facilities in the hydrogen storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy utilization, and in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange. Background Art

[0002] The use of hydrogen energy is one of the effective ways to solve the global energy shortage and environmental pollution. Hydrogen is not only high in calorific value and green and pollution-free, but also has a wide range of sources. It can be produced as "green hydrogen" through renewable energy such as electrolysis of water and biomass. In the process of hydrogen energy utilization, safe and efficient hydrogen storage technology has become one of the important links in its commercial application. At present, hydrogen storage technologies mainly include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, and solid-state hydrogen storage based on chemical adsorption of hydrogen storage materials. Among them, solid-state hydrogen storage has become one of the key development directions of hydrogen storage technology in the future due to its advantages such as high volume hydrogen storage density, strong safety and stability, low storage pressure, and convenience for large-scale storage and transportation. The core of solid-state hydrogen storage technology is high-density, lightweight hydrogen storage materials and high-performance hydrogen storage devices. In the current research on hydrogen storage materials, its mass hydrogen storage density is close to the theoretical value and cannot break through the theoretical limit. However, when hydrogen storage materials are applied to hydrogen storage systems, their hydrogen absorption and desorption capacity and reaction rate are still restricted by the reaction heat transfer performance in the fixed bed reactor. Therefore, the thermal management technology of solid-state hydrogen storage systems has become the core of their efficient hydrogen absorption and desorption. At present, the thermal management technologies of solid-state hydrogen storage systems mainly fall into the following categories:

[0003] (1) The reactor dissipates heat through the outer wall

[0004] The heat of reaction during the absorption and desorption of hydrogen by the hydrogen storage material is significant. Therefore, the absorption / desorption process requires that heat be continuously discharged or supplied to the hydrogen storage material reaction bed to prevent the temperature of the reaction bed from rising or falling, causing the reaction to reach equilibrium, so as to promote the continuous and efficient absorption and desorption reaction. Natural convection heat exchange between the reactor wall and the air or water / oil in the thermostat is one of the simplest thermal management methods, but the natural convection heat transfer coefficient is low, so the heat transfer performance of the reactor is poor. In addition, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is arranged on the periphery of the reactor, and forced convection heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid and the reactor wall can effectively enhance the heat transfer performance of the reactor and accelerate the absorption and desorption reaction rate. However, this type of thermal management method requires a heat exchange fluid circulation cooling / heating subsystem in the hydrogen storage system, and the system structure is relatively complex.

[0005] (2) Heat exchanger inside the reactor

[0006] The heat exchanger inside the reactor is similar to the external shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and heat is exchanged through forced convection between the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchanger and the hydrogen storage material reaction bed. At present, the main structures of the heat exchanger inside the reactor include straight tube heat exchangers, spiral tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, etc. In addition, heat transfer can be further enhanced by adding fins to the heat exchanger. With the evolution of heat exchangers from straight tubes to microchannels, their heat exchange area continues to increase, but their structure continues to become more complex, resulting in difficulties in the processing and design of such reactors, and it is difficult to ensure the safety and stability of operation. For example, the expansion and deformation of the hydrogen storage material reaction bed during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process can easily lead to damage to the micro-pipes in the microchannel heat exchanger. In addition, the hydrogen storage system of the heat exchanger inside the reactor also needs to be equipped with a heat exchange fluid circulation cooling / heating system, which complicates the system structure.

[0007] (3) Reactor equipped with phase change material for heat transfer and storage

[0008] Phase change materials, as an excellent heat transfer and storage medium, have been used in solid-state hydrogen storage systems to manage reactor heat. The heat absorption, melting, and heat release, cooling, and solidification behaviors of phase change materials not only achieve effective transfer of reaction heat, but also achieve reaction heat recovery and utilization, effectively improving the energy utilization rate of hydrogen storage systems. Currently, phase change materials are mainly integrated into the periphery of the reactor, transferring heat through the reactor wall. Solid-state hydrogen storage devices that only use phase change materials for thermal management simplify the system structure. However, due to the large enthalpy of hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions of metal hydride hydrogen storage materials, a large amount of phase change material is required to fully absorb the reaction heat, which not only increases the cost of the device, but also causes a serious loss of system volume or mass hydrogen storage density.

[0009] Therefore, in summary, metal hydride hydrogen storage devices based on various thermal management methods still have some defects and are still a certain distance away from actual industrial applications. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In order to solve the problem of complex system structure caused by thermal management requirements in existing solid-state hydrogen storage systems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange, which utilizes forced convection heat exchange between the hydrogen circulation flow and the hydrogen storage material reaction bed to effectively manage the hydrogen absorption reaction process, while achieving effective mass transfer and reaction heat transfer of hydrogen during the hydrogen absorption process, and avoiding the complex heat exchange structure and related supporting facilities in the hydrogen storage system.

[0011] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0012] A solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange includes a pressure controller, a safety valve, a circulation pump, a ball valve, a hydrogen storage reactor, a three-way ball valve, and a cooler. The specific structure is as follows: the safety valve, circulation pump, ball valve, hydrogen storage reactor, three-way ball valve, and cooler are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a loop, the hydrogen outlet of the pressure controller is connected to the pipeline between the safety valve and the cooler, the hydrogen inlet of the pressure controller is connected to a hydrogen source, and one port of the three-way ball valve is a hydrogen outlet.

[0013] The solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange, the hydrogen storage reactor is provided with a closed container consisting of a stainless steel flange cover installed on a stainless steel tank body, a sealing gasket is arranged between the stainless steel flange cover and the stainless steel tank body, and the stainless steel tank body and the stainless steel flange cover are sealed by the sealing gasket and fastening bolts; a hydrogen outlet and a temperature sensor are welded on the stainless steel flange cover, the hydrogen outlet is connected to a pressure sensor through a three-way joint, and the lower end of the temperature sensor extends into the hydrogen storage material reaction bed in the stainless steel tank body.

[0014] The solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange is provided with a heating layer on the periphery of the stainless steel tank body, which enables the interior of the reactor to reach the initial reaction temperature state before the hydrogen absorption reaction and provides a reaction heat source during the hydrogen release reaction. The heating layer is wrapped with an insulation layer.

[0015] The solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange has a hydrogen inlet welded to the lower side of the stainless steel tank body of the hydrogen storage reactor, one end of which extends into the interior of the stainless steel tank body and is connected to the stainless steel tank body, and the other end of which extends to the outside of the insulation layer. The hydrogen is fully flowed through the interior of the reactor through the bottom air intake and top air outlet.

[0016] In the solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange, the reaction bed in the hydrogen storage reactor is a hydrogen storage material powder compact, which is stacked in the hydrogen storage reactor through stainless steel supports. Gaps are left between the hydrogen storage material powder compact and the inner wall of the stainless steel tank of the hydrogen storage reactor, as well as between the hydrogen storage material powder compacts, providing abundant channels for hydrogen flow and mass transfer.

[0017] In the solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange, the hydrogen storage material powder compacts use AB5 type or Mg-based hydrogen storage alloy powder compacts.

[0018] In the solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange, hydrogen with a pressure higher than the hydrogen absorption reaction pressure enters the system through a pressure controller. The pressure controller controls the hydrogen flow rate according to a preset hydrogen absorption pressure, and maintains the hydrogen in the system at the set pressure value through dynamic feedback adjustment. When the ball valve is open, the hydrogen entering the system enters the hydrogen storage reactor through a circulation pump. The hydrogen storage reactor provides the initial temperature conditions for the hydrogen absorption reaction through the outer heating layer, and the hydrogen storage reactor starts the hydrogen absorption reaction process. Due to the exothermic hydrogen absorption reaction, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage reactor absorbs heat and the temperature rises. When the three-way ball valve connects the reactor and the cooler, the high-temperature hydrogen flows out of the hydrogen storage reactor to the cooler for cooling, and the reaction heat brought out of the hydrogen storage reactor is discharged from the system. Since the hydrogen is consumed by the hydrogen absorption reaction in the hydrogen storage reactor, the hydrogen pressure decreases after flowing out of the hydrogen storage reactor and the cooler. At this time, the pressure controller connected to the system adjusts the hydrogen flow rate to restore the hydrogen pressure in the system to the preset value, and the hydrogen enters the next cycle under the action of the circulation pump.

[0019] The solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange closes the ball valve and the three-way ball valve after the hydrogen storage reaction is completed to achieve hydrogen storage in a stable and closed state in the hydrogen storage reactor; during the hydrogen desorption reaction process, the hydrogen storage reactor provides a reaction heat source through the peripheral heating layer. When the hydrogen desorption reaction temperature is reached in the hydrogen storage reactor, the three-way ball valve is connected to the hydrogen storage reactor and the hydrogen outlet to start the hydrogen desorption reaction process.

[0020] In the solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange, when the hydrogen pressure in the gas circuit is higher than the set pressure value of the safety valve, the safety valve is in an open state and discharges hydrogen to the outside of the system.

[0021] The design concept of the present invention is:

[0022] The present invention is based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system with self-circulating heat exchange of hydrogen, which is mainly composed of a reactor, a pressure controller, a circulating pump, a cooler, an air circuit, a safety valve, a ball valve, etc. High-pressure hydrogen enters the air circuit through the pressure controller, and the circulating pump circulates the hydrogen in the air circuit. The circulating hydrogen in the reactor not only serves as an adsorption reaction medium for the hydrogen storage material, but also as a circulating cooling medium for the reaction bed during the hydrogen absorption reaction. Through forced convection heat exchange between the hydrogen and the hydrogen storage material reaction bed, the heat of the hydrogen absorption reaction is discharged from the reactor to achieve effective thermal management of the reactor during the hydrogen absorption process. The high-temperature hydrogen flowing out of the reactor is cooled by the cooler and then enters the next cycle. Through the continuous heat and mass exchange between the hydrogen and the reaction bed, the hydrogen absorption reaction is continuously and efficiently carried out.

[0023] The hydrogen storage reactor in the system of the present invention is a stainless steel tank body, which is sealed by a flange cover, a gasket and fastening bolts. A hydrogen outlet is welded to the flange cover, and the outlet is connected to a pressure sensor through a three-way joint to monitor the hydrogen pressure in the reactor. In addition, a temperature sensor sleeve is welded to the flange cover to extend the sensor into the reactor to monitor the internal temperature. The hydrogen inlet is at the bottom of the reactor, and hydrogen flows in through the bottom and out from the top to flow through the entire interior of the reactor. Several hydrogen storage material powder compacts are stacked in the tank body through a bracket. The powder compacts can not only prevent the material from pulverizing and expanding during the cyclic absorption and desorption of hydrogen, but also improve the effective thermal conductivity and volume hydrogen storage density of the reaction bed. In addition, the gaps between the compacts and between the compacts and the tank wall provide abundant mass transfer channels for hydrogen. A heating layer is provided outside the reactor tank body to provide a heat source for the hydrogen desorption reaction. The heating layer is wrapped with an insulation layer to reduce heat loss during the desorption of hydrogen.

[0024] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] 1. Since the enthalpy of the hydrogen absorption and desorption reaction of metal hydride hydrogen storage materials is relatively high, when used in the solid-state hydrogen storage system of the present invention, the hydrogen absorption / desorption process in the fixed bed reactor can promptly discharge or supply the reaction heat to the hydrogen storage material reaction bed, preventing the reaction bed temperature from rising or falling and causing the reaction to reach equilibrium, thereby promoting the continuous and efficient conduct of the hydrogen absorption and desorption reaction.

[0026] 2. During the hydrogen absorption process of the present invention, high-pressure hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage system through a pressure controller. The pressure controller can control the hydrogen flow rate according to the set hydrogen absorption reaction pressure. Through dynamic feedback adjustment of the hydrogen pressure change in the system during the hydrogen circulation process, the hydrogen in the system is maintained near the set hydrogen absorption pressure value to achieve a hydrogen absorption reaction under stable pressure.

[0027] 3. In the system of the present invention, hydrogen circulates under the action of a circulating pump. The hydrogen flowing into the reactor not only provides the hydrogen storage material with working fluid for the hydrogen absorption reaction, but also removes the heat of the absorption reaction from the reactor through forced convection within the reactor. The hot hydrogen flowing out of the reactor is cooled by a cooler before entering the next cycle, achieving continuous removal of the hydrogen absorption reaction heat within the reactor and ensuring the continued efficient reaction.

[0028] 4. In the system of the present invention, the inlet / outlet of the hydrogen storage reactor are located at the bottom and top of the reactor respectively, so that the hydrogen can fully flow through the interior of the reactor. Through the hydrogen and the full contact with the surface of the hydrogen storage material powder compact reaction bed, the effective mass transfer of hydrogen and the efficient transfer of reaction heat in the hydrogen absorption reaction are achieved.

[0029] 5. The reactor bed in this invention is composed of compacts of hydrogen storage material powder. These compacts not only prevent material pulverization and expansion during cyclic hydrogen absorption and desorption, but also improve the effective thermal conductivity and volumetric hydrogen storage density of the reactor bed. The compacts are stacked in the reactor using stainless steel supports. The gaps between the compacts and the reactor's inner wall, as well as between the compacts themselves, provide ample channels for hydrogen flow and mass transfer.

[0030] 6. The stainless steel tank of the reactor of this invention is sealed with a flange cover, sealing gasket, and fastening bolts. For low-temperature reaction systems, such as LaNi5 hydrogen storage alloys, polytetrafluoroethylene gaskets can be used; for medium- and high-temperature reaction systems, such as Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys, graphite gaskets can be used, effectively sealing the reactor across different operating temperature ranges. A temperature / pressure sensor connected to the flange cover continuously monitors the temperature and pressure conditions within the reactor.

[0031] 7. The heating layer surrounding the reactor tank of the present invention not only enables the hydrogen absorption reaction to reach the initial reaction temperature, but also provides a continuous heat source for the hydrogen release reaction. The insulation layer surrounding the heating layer effectively reduces energy dissipation in the hydrogen storage system during the heating process, improving the system's energy utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage reactor in the solid-state hydrogen storage system of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure, 1 is a pressure controller; 2 is a safety valve; 3 is a circulating pump; 4 is a ball valve; 5 is a hydrogen storage reactor; 51 is a hydrogen outlet; 52 is a pressure sensor; 53 is a temperature sensor; 54 is a sealing gasket; 55 is a fastening bolt; 56 is a stainless steel flange cover; 57 is an insulation layer; 58 is a heating layer; 59 is a hydrogen inlet; 510 is a stainless steel tank body; 511 is a hydrogen storage material powder compact; 512 is a stainless steel bracket; 6 is a three-way ball valve; 7 is a cooler. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below using specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0036] See also Figure 1The present invention proposes a solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange, which mainly includes a pressure controller 1, a safety valve 2, a circulation pump 3, a ball valve 4, a hydrogen storage reactor 5, a three-way ball valve 6, and a cooler 7. The specific structure is as follows: the safety valve 2, the circulation pump 3, the ball valve 4, the hydrogen storage reactor 5, the three-way ball valve 6, and the cooler 7 are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a loop. The hydrogen outlet of the pressure controller 1 is connected to the pipeline between the safety valve 2 and the cooler 7. The hydrogen inlet of the pressure controller 1 is connected to the hydrogen source, and one port of the three-way ball valve 6 is the hydrogen outlet.

[0037] See also Figure 2 In the solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation and heat exchange, the hydrogen storage reactor 5 comprises a sealed container consisting of a stainless steel tank body 510 mounted on a stainless steel flange cover 56. A sealing gasket 54 is disposed between the stainless steel flange cover 56 and the stainless steel tank body 510. The stainless steel tank body 510 and the stainless steel flange cover 56 are sealed by the sealing gasket 54 and fastening bolts 55. A hydrogen outlet 51 and a temperature sensor 53 are welded to the stainless steel flange cover 56. A pressure sensor 52 is connected to the hydrogen outlet 51 via a tee joint. The lower end of the temperature sensor 53 extends into the hydrogen storage material powder compact 511 within the stainless steel tank body 510. The pressure sensor 52 and the temperature sensor 53 are respectively used to monitor the temperature and pressure changes within the hydrogen storage reactor 5 during the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes. A heating layer 58 is disposed around the stainless steel tank body 510 to bring the hydrogen storage material reaction bed to the initial reaction temperature before the hydrogen absorption reaction begins and to provide a reaction heat source during the hydrogen desorption reaction. The heating layer 58 is wrapped with an insulating layer 57 to reduce heat loss during operation. The hydrogen inlet 59 is welded to the lower side of the stainless steel tank body 510 of the hydrogen storage reactor 5. One end of the hydrogen inlet 59 extends into the interior of the stainless steel tank body 510 and is connected to the stainless steel tank body 510, while the other end extends to the outside of the insulation layer 57. Through the bottom air intake and top air outlet, hydrogen can flow fully through the interior of the reactor. The hydrogen storage material reaction bed in the hydrogen storage reactor 5 is composed of a plurality of hydrogen storage material powder compacts 511. For example, LaNi5 or Mg-based alloy hydrogen storage material powder compacts can be used to prevent the material from pulverizing and expanding during the cyclic hydrogen absorption and desorption process, and can also improve the effective thermal conductivity and volume hydrogen storage density of the reaction bed. The hydrogen storage material powder compacts 511 are stacked in the hydrogen storage reactor 5 via stainless steel brackets 512. Gaps are left between the hydrogen storage material powder compacts 511 and the inner wall of the stainless steel tank body 510 of the hydrogen storage reactor 5, as well as between the hydrogen storage material powder compacts 511, providing ample channels for hydrogen flow and mass transfer.

[0038] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the working process of the solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange of the present invention is as follows:

[0039] Hydrogen gas with a pressure higher than the hydrogen absorption reaction pressure (greater than 1.0 MPa, such as 1.2 MPa) enters the system at a certain hydrogen pressure (1.0 MPa) through the pressure controller 1. The pressure controller 1 controls the hydrogen flow rate according to the preset pressure (1.0 MPa) and maintains the hydrogen in the system near the set pressure value through dynamic feedback regulation. When the ball valve 4 is open, the hydrogen gas entering the system enters the hydrogen storage reactor 5 through the circulation pump 3. The hydrogen storage reactor 5 provides the initial temperature conditions for the hydrogen absorption reaction through the peripheral heating layer 58. The hydrogen storage reactor 5 starts the hydrogen absorption reaction process at a certain temperature and hydrogen pressure (such as LaNi5 hydrogen storage material at 20°C and 1.0 MPa, and MgH2 hydrogen storage material at 300°C and 1.0 MPa). Since the hydrogen absorption reaction is exothermic, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage reactor 5 absorbs heat and the temperature rises. When the three-way ball valve 6 connects the reactor 5 and the cooler 7, the high-temperature hydrogen flows out of the hydrogen storage reactor 5 to the cooler 7 for cooling, and the reaction heat brought out of the hydrogen storage reactor 5 is discharged from the system.

[0040] Because hydrogen is consumed by the hydrogen absorption reaction in the hydrogen storage reactor 5, the hydrogen pressure decreases after flowing out of the hydrogen storage reactor 5 and the cooler 7. At this time, the pressure controller 1 connected to the system adjusts the hydrogen flow rate to restore the hydrogen pressure in the system to the preset value, and the hydrogen enters the next cycle under the action of the circulation pump 3. Therefore, the circulation of hydrogen in the system not only provides the working medium for the hydrogen absorption reaction of the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage reactor 5, but also realizes effective thermal management of the hydrogen storage reactor 5. After the hydrogen storage reaction is completed, the ball valve 4 and the three-way ball valve 6 can be closed to ensure that the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage reactor 5 is stored in a stable and sealed state. During the hydrogen release reaction process, the hydrogen storage reactor 5 can provide a reaction heat source through the peripheral heating layer 58. When a certain hydrogen release reaction temperature is reached in the hydrogen storage reactor 5 (such as LaNi5 hydrogen storage material above 50°C and MgH2 hydrogen storage material above 350°C), the three-way ball valve 6 is connected to the hydrogen storage reactor 5 and the hydrogen outlet, and the hydrogen release reaction process can be started. In addition, a safety valve 2 is configured in the system. When the hydrogen pressure in the gas circuit is higher than the set pressure value of the safety valve, the safety valve is in an open state and discharges hydrogen to the outside of the system to prevent the hydrogen storage reactor 5, pipelines and other components from bursting due to excessive hydrogen pressure in the system during operation.

[0041] Implementation results show that the hydrogen storage system of the present invention has a simple and compact structure and is more suitable for vehicle-mounted and portable hydrogen storage systems.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange, characterized in that: It includes a pressure controller, a safety valve, a circulation pump, a ball valve, a hydrogen storage reactor, a three-way ball valve, and a cooler. The specific structure is as follows: the safety valve, the circulation pump, the ball valve, the hydrogen storage reactor, the three-way ball valve, and the cooler are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a loop. The hydrogen outlet of the pressure controller is connected to the pipelines between the safety valve and the cooler. The hydrogen inlet of the pressure controller is connected to a hydrogen source. One port of the three-way ball valve is a hydrogen outlet. The hydrogen storage reactor is provided with a closed container consisting of a stainless steel tank body with a stainless steel flange cover installed on it. A sealing gasket is provided between the stainless steel flange cover and the stainless steel tank body. The stainless steel tank body and the stainless steel flange cover are sealed by the sealing gasket and fastening bolts. A hydrogen outlet and a temperature sensor are welded on the stainless steel flange cover. The hydrogen outlet is connected to a pressure sensor via a three-way joint. The lower end of the temperature sensor extends into the hydrogen storage material reaction bed in the stainless steel tank body. The hydrogen inlet is welded to the lower side of the stainless steel tank of the hydrogen storage reactor. One end of the inlet extends into the interior of the stainless steel tank and is connected to the stainless steel tank, while the other end extends to the outside of the insulation layer. The hydrogen is fully flowed through the reactor through the bottom air intake and top air outlet. The reaction bed inside the hydrogen storage reactor is a compressed block of hydrogen storage material powder. The compressed blocks are stacked in the hydrogen storage reactor through stainless steel supports. There are gaps between the compressed blocks of hydrogen storage material powder and the inner wall of the stainless steel tank of the hydrogen storage reactor, and between the compressed blocks of hydrogen storage material powder, providing abundant channels for hydrogen flow and mass transfer.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A heating layer is arranged on the periphery of the stainless steel tank body to make the interior of the reactor reach the initial reaction temperature state before the hydrogen absorption reaction and to provide a reaction heat source during the hydrogen release reaction. The heating layer is wrapped with an insulation layer.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrogen storage material powder compact uses AB5 type or Mg-based hydrogen storage alloy powder compact.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Hydrogen with a pressure higher than the hydrogen absorption reaction pressure enters the system through a pressure controller. The pressure controller controls the hydrogen flow rate according to the preset hydrogen absorption pressure, and maintains the hydrogen in the system at the set pressure value through dynamic feedback adjustment; when the ball valve is open, the hydrogen entering the system enters the hydrogen storage reactor through the circulation pump; the hydrogen storage reactor provides the initial temperature conditions for the hydrogen absorption reaction through the outer heating layer, and the hydrogen storage reactor starts the hydrogen absorption reaction process; since the hydrogen absorption reaction is exothermic, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage reactor absorbs heat and the temperature rises; when the three-way ball valve connects the reactor and the cooler, the high-temperature hydrogen flows out of the hydrogen storage reactor to the cooler for cooling, and the reaction heat brought out of the hydrogen storage reactor is discharged from the system; since the hydrogen is consumed by the hydrogen absorption reaction in the hydrogen storage reactor, the hydrogen pressure decreases after flowing out of the hydrogen storage reactor and the cooler. At this time, the pressure controller connected to the system adjusts the hydrogen flow rate to restore the hydrogen pressure in the system to the preset value, and under the action of the circulation pump, the hydrogen enters the next cycle.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange according to claim 4 is characterized in that: After the hydrogen storage reaction is completed, the ball valve and the three-way ball valve are closed to ensure that the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage reactor is stored in a stable and closed state; during the hydrogen desorption reaction process, the hydrogen storage reactor provides a reaction heat source through the outer heating layer. When the hydrogen desorption reaction temperature is reached in the hydrogen storage reactor, the three-way ball valve is connected to the hydrogen storage reactor and the hydrogen outlet to start the hydrogen desorption reaction process.

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen self-circulation heat exchange according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When the hydrogen pressure in the gas circuit is higher than the set pressure value of the safety valve, the safety valve is in the open state and discharges hydrogen out of the system.

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