A coal-based activated carbon preparation system and preparation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a coal-based activated carbon preparation system and preparation method, and relates to the technical field of clean utilization of coal. The system includes an activation device, a waste heat recovery device, and an activated carbon separation and collection device. The activation device uses preheated air and steam to activate the input pulverized coal and semi-coke to obtain activated carbon-containing coal gas; the waste heat recovery device uses the heat of the activated carbon-containing coal gas to preheat the input air and steam, and inputs the cooled activated carbon-containing coal gas to the activated carbon separation and collection device; the activated carbon separation and collection device performs activated carbon separation on the cooled activated carbon-containing coal gas to obtain coal-based activated carbon and by-product coal gas. The present invention can solve the current low-value-added single coal product structure and maximize the value utilization of coal resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of clean utilization of coal, and in particular to a system and method for preparing coal-based activated carbon. Background Art

[0002] At present, most enterprises mainly use coal through direct combustion, coal gasification, coal liquefaction, etc. These methods are accompanied by a series of serious environmental pollution problems such as wastewater and waste gas during the production process. In addition, most coal production enterprises currently have formed a relatively single coal product structure. This single product structure with low added value is difficult to develop and grow rapidly under the current market economic conditions. Therefore, it is urgent to seek efficient conversion and clean utilization of coal.

[0003] Coal-based activated carbon produced from coal as raw material has the advantages of wide application range, broad development prospects and high added value, so it is a suitable method for deep processing and utilization of high-quality coal resources. However, there are few methods for preparing coal-based activated carbon, which cannot maximize the value of coal resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a coal-based activated carbon preparation system and preparation method to solve the current low value-added single coal product structure and maximize the value of coal resources.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a coal-based activated carbon preparation system, comprising: an activation device, a waste heat recovery device, and an activated carbon separation and collection device;

[0007] The activation device at least includes an activation furnace, a cyclone separator and a material return device; the waste heat recovery device at least includes an air preheater and a steam generator;

[0008] The activation furnace is provided with a pulverized coal feed port, an air inlet, a steam inlet and a return material feed port, a slag discharge port is provided at the bottom of the activation furnace, and a target coal gas outlet is provided at the top of the activation furnace; the target coal gas is coal gas containing activated carbon and semi-coke; wherein the pulverized coal feed port, the air inlet, the steam inlet and the return material feed port are all located in the middle and lower area of ​​the activation furnace;

[0009] The target coal gas outlet is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator through a pipeline, and the cyclone separator is used to perform gas-solid separation operation on the target coal gas to obtain activated carbon-containing coal gas and semi-coke; the semi-coke outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the return material feed port through a pipeline and the return device;

[0010] The activated carbon-containing gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the first air inlet of the air preheater through a pipeline, and the second air inlet of the air preheater is used to input air; the air preheater is used to preheat the air by utilizing the heat of the activated carbon-containing gas; the first air outlet of the air preheater is connected to the air inlet of the activation furnace through a pipeline; the second air outlet of the air preheater is connected to the first air inlet of the steam generator through a pipeline, and the second feed port of the steam generator is used to input water; the steam generator is used to preheat water by utilizing the heat of the activated carbon-containing gas to generate steam; the first air outlet of the steam generator is used to be connected to the activated carbon separation and collection device through a pipeline; the second air outlet of the steam generator is connected to the steam inlet of the activation furnace through the pipeline; wherein, the first air inlet of the air preheater and the first air inlet of the steam generator are both used to input activated carbon-containing gas;

[0011] The activated carbon separation and collection device is used to perform activated carbon separation operation on activated carbon-containing coal gas to obtain coal-based activated carbon and by-product coal gas.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a preparation method for the coal-based activated carbon preparation system according to the first aspect, comprising:

[0013] The activation device uses preheated air and steam to activate the input pulverized coal and semi-coke to obtain activated carbon-containing coal gas;

[0014] The waste heat recovery device uses the heat of the activated carbon-containing gas to preheat the input air and steam, and inputs the cooled activated carbon-containing gas into the activated carbon separation and collection device;

[0015] The activated carbon separation and collection device performs activated carbon separation operation on the activated carbon-containing coal gas after cooling to obtain coal-based activated carbon and by-product coal gas.

[0016] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0017] The present invention uses coal as raw material to prepare activated carbon, which solves the current single product structure of low added value of coal and realizes the maximum utilization of coal resources. At the same time, based on the circulating fluidized bed activation furnace process, it changes the separator efficiency and the air and steam intake methods in the furnace, thereby realizing the co-production of coal gas, steam and activated carbon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a coal-based activated carbon preparation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of a method for preparing coal-based activated carbon provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure markings: 1-coal conveyor belt; 2-crushing and screening equipment; 3-coal feeding bin in front of activation furnace; 4-screw coal feeder; 5-activation furnace; 6-cyclone separator; 7-returner; 8-slag cooler; 9-slag conveyor belt; 10-slag bucket elevator; 11-slag bin; 12-ignition burner; 13-air preheater; 14-steam generator; 15-steam drum; 16-cyclone dust collector; 17-bag dust collector; 18-cyclone dust collector bin pump; 19-bag dust collector bin pump; 20-activated carbon silo. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Example

[0024] In order to maximize the value of coal resources and promote clean and efficient use of coal, the embodiment of the present invention provides a Figure 1 The coal-based activated carbon preparation system shown includes an activation device, a waste heat recovery device, an activated carbon separation and collection device, and an activated carbon transportation device.

[0025] The activation device at least includes an activation furnace 5 , a cyclone separator 6 and a material return device 7 ; the waste heat recovery device at least includes an air preheater 13 and a steam generator 14 .

[0026] The activation furnace 5 is provided with a pulverized coal feed port, an air inlet, a steam inlet and a return material feed port. A slag discharge port is provided at the bottom of the activation furnace 5, and a target coal gas outlet is provided at the top of the activation furnace 5; the target coal gas is a coal gas containing activated carbon and semi-coke; wherein the pulverized coal feed port, the air inlet, the steam inlet and the return material feed port are all located in the middle and lower area of ​​the activation furnace 5.

[0027] The target coal gas outlet is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator 6 through a pipeline. The cyclone separator 6 is used to perform gas-solid separation operation on the target coal gas to obtain activated carbon-containing coal gas and semi-coke; the semi-coke outlet of the cyclone separator 6 is connected to the return material feed port through a pipeline and the return device 7.

[0028] The activated carbon-containing gas outlet of the cyclone separator 7 is connected to the first air inlet of the air preheater 13 through a pipeline, and the second air inlet of the air preheater 13 is used to input air; the air preheater 13 is used to preheat the air using the heat of the activated carbon-containing gas; the first air outlet of the air preheater 13 is connected to the air inlet of the activation furnace 5 through a pipeline; the second air outlet of the air preheater 13 is connected to the first air inlet of the steam generator 14 through a pipeline, and the second feed port of the steam generator 14 is used to input water; the steam generator 14 is used to preheat water using the heat of the activated carbon-containing gas to generate steam; the first air outlet of the steam generator 14 is used to be connected to the activated carbon separation and collection device through a pipeline; the second air outlet of the steam generator is connected to the steam inlet of the activation furnace 5 through the pipeline; wherein, the first air inlet of the air preheater 13 and the first air inlet of the steam generator 14 are both used to input activated carbon-containing gas.

[0029] The activated carbon separation and collection device is used to perform activated carbon separation operation on the activated carbon-containing coal gas to obtain coal-based activated carbon and by-product coal gas. The activated carbon conveying device is used to convey the coal-based activated carbon to the activated carbon silo 20.

[0030] Furthermore, there may be two steam inlets, one disposed at the middle and upper part of the activation furnace, and the other disposed at the middle and lower part of the activation furnace.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present invention, the activation furnace 5 adopts a reasonable furnace structure, so that air enters the activation furnace 5 through the lower middle part, and steam enters the activation furnace 5 through the lower middle part and the upper middle part, thereby strengthening the circulation in the bed and improving the steam decomposition rate and the quality of activated carbon; at the same time, a cyclone separator 6 and a return device 7 are adopted to realize the circulation outside the bed; the separated materials are returned to the furnace through the return device 7 for secondary activation, thereby increasing the carbon output per ton of coal activated by pulverized coal and improving the utilization rate of coal.

[0032] As a preferred implementation, the preparation system provided in the embodiment of the present invention also includes a raw material processing device.

[0033] The raw material processing device includes crushing and screening equipment 2, a coal conveyor belt 1, a plow-type discharger and a coal feeding bin 3 in front of the activation furnace; wherein the plow-type discharger is arranged on the coal conveyor belt 1; the crushing and screening equipment 2 is used to crush and screen the raw coal to obtain crushed and screened pulverized coal; the coal conveyor belt 1 is used to transport the raw coal and the crushed and screened pulverized coal; the plow-type discharger is used to distribute the crushed and screened pulverized coal to the coal feeding bin 3 in front of the activation furnace; the coal outlet of the coal feeding bin 3 in front of the activation furnace is connected with the pulverized coal feed port through a pipeline and a screw coal feeder 4.

[0034] Furthermore, a rotating silo-type blockage clearing device using a dynamic arch-breaking technology is provided at the lower end of the coal bunker 3 in front of the activation furnace; a rotating coal hopper is provided above the spiral coal feeder; when the rotating coal hopper is started, the rotating silo-type blockage clearing device can break the balance formed when the coal is arched in the bin section of the rotating coal hopper, and use the fixed scraper set up inside the rotating silo-type blockage clearing device to shovel out the coal attached to the rotating bin wall of the rotating coal hopper, so that it loses the supporting force point attached to the bin wall, allowing the medium (coal) to automatically fall down under its own gravity, clearing the blockage, keeping the rotating coal hopper unobstructed, thereby solving the coal blockage problem.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, the preparation system provided in the embodiment of the present invention also includes: a slag discharging device; the slag discharging device includes a slag cooler 8, a slag conveyor belt 9, a slag conveyor bucket elevator 10 and a slag bin 11 connected in sequence; wherein the slag inlet of the slag cooler 8 is connected to the slag discharge port through a pipeline.

[0036] During operation, the waste slag produced by the activation furnace 5 is cooled by the slag cooler 8 and then transported to the slag bin 11 for storage by the slag conveyor belt 9 and the slag conveyor bucket elevator 10.

[0037] As a preferred implementation, the preparation system provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: an ignition fuel device 12 is provided at the bottom of the activation furnace 5; the fuel of the ignition fuel device 12 is diesel or natural gas.

[0038] Furthermore, the activation furnace 5 is started by ignition under the bed, so an ignition burner 12 is arranged on the air inlet duct at the bottom of the activation furnace 5. The fuel is liquid or gaseous fuel such as diesel and natural gas, and an explosion-proof door and a fire-viewing hole are arranged on the ignition burner 12.

[0039] As a preferred implementation, the operating temperature of the activation furnace 5 described in the embodiment of the present invention is 850-950° C., the steam-coal ratio is 1-1.5 (including the moisture content of the raw coal), and the air-coal ratio is 0.5-1.

[0040] As a preferred implementation, the air preheater 13 and the steam generator 14 described in the embodiment of the present invention are both shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and the inlet tube sheet is provided with wear-resistant castables and guide tubes to prevent wear of the heat exchange tubes under high particle concentrations. A temperature measuring point is provided at the outlet of the lower tube sheet to monitor heat exchanger leakage.

[0041] Furthermore, the temperatures of the preheated air and steam output by the air preheater 13 and the steam generator 14 are both above 600° C., so as to increase the yield of activated carbon.

[0042] As a preferred implementation, the activated carbon separation and collection device described in the embodiment of the present invention includes a cyclone dust collector 16 and a bag dust collector 17; the activated carbon conveying device includes a cyclone dust collector bin pump 18 and a bag dust collector bin pump 19.

[0043] The air inlet of the cyclone dust collector 16 is connected to the first air inlet of the steam generator 14 through a pipeline; the cyclone dust collector 16 is used to perform a pre-separation operation on the activated carbon-containing coal gas to obtain coal-based activated carbon and the activated carbon-containing coal gas after the pre-separation operation; the air outlet of the cyclone dust collector 16 is connected to the air inlet of the bag dust collector 17 through a pipeline; the coal-based activated carbon discharge port of the cyclone dust collector 16 is connected to the activated carbon silo 20 through the cyclone dust collector silo pump 18.

[0044] The bag filter 17 is used to perform secondary separation on the activated carbon-containing coal gas after the pre-separation operation to obtain by-product coal gas and coal-based activated carbon; the coal-based activated carbon discharge port of the bag filter 17 is connected to the activated carbon silo 20 through the bag filter silo pump 19.

[0045] During operation, the activated carbon-containing gas is pre-separated by the cyclone dust collector 16 to remove about 20-50% of the activated carbon powder, and the remaining activated carbon powder is removed by the bag dust collector 17 to a level of 10 mg / Nm 3 The activated carbon powder collected by the cyclone dust collector 16 and the bag dust collector 17 is sent to the activated carbon silo 20 by the low-pressure nitrogen through the cyclone dust collector silo pump 18 and the bag dust collector silo pump 19.

[0046] Furthermore, the cyclone dust collector 16 is composed of a body, an activated carbon discharge system, a steel frame, and thermal insulation materials. The cyclone dust collector 16 is arranged after the waste heat recovery device and before the bag dust collector 17. The function of the cyclone dust collector 16 is to pre-separate the activated carbon in the activated carbon-containing coal gas. The design principle of high inlet speed and low outlet speed is adopted. The cyclone dust collector 16 reduces the carbon concentration of the coal gas at the inlet of the bag dust collector 17 and prolongs the service life of the bag dust collector 17.

[0047] Furthermore, the bag filter 17 includes a dust collector cylinder, filter bags, bag cages, dust cleaning system, conical ash hopper, nitrogen cannon clearing device, electronic control, etc. The dust collector cylinder adopts a pressure-resistant cylindrical structure, the top adopts a formed head, the lower part of the middle box body is air-inlet, and an air inlet distributor is provided in the air inlet, so that the gas is evenly dispersed after entering and does not flush the bag. With the operation of the bag filter 17, the dust retained on the surface of the filter bag increases, and the gas resistance increases accordingly. When the resistance increases to the set value (800~2000Pa), the bag filter 17 starts to perform online pulse spray cleaning according to the chamber. The DCS / PLC programmable electronic controller opens the pulse valve row by row in each chamber according to the set pressure difference control program to perform pulse spraying of nitrogen on the filter bags for dust removal. The cleaned activated carbon powder is collected in the ash hopper and sent to the activated carbon silo 20 by the pneumatic conveying system. The by-product gas is discharged from the top of the bag filter 17 and sent to the outside of the boundary area. It can be used as synthetic raw gas to synthesize chemical products through conversion, desulfurization / decarbonization.

[0048] On the basis of the above, the preparation process of a coal-based activated carbon preparation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0049] (1) The raw coal is transported to the crushing and screening equipment 2 through the inclined coal conveyor belt 1. The raw coal passes through the crushing and screening equipment 2 to obtain pulverized coal with a size of 0-12 mm. The pulverized coal is distributed to the coal bunker 3 in front of the activation furnace through a plow-type discharger on the horizontal coal conveyor belt 2.

[0050] (2) The pulverized coal enters the middle and lower part of the activation furnace 5 through the screw coal feeder 4, and is mixed with the high-temperature circulating semi-coke. The coarser particles sink to the bottom of the furnace and react with the activator gas composed of a single gas such as air, steam, oxygen, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of these gases to cause an activation reaction. After the mixture of coal gas and semi-coke is separated by the cyclone separator 6, the semi-coke is returned to the furnace through the return feeder 7 to participate in the activation reaction, and the coal gas containing activated carbon is sent to the downstream waste heat recovery device.

[0051] (3) The high-temperature activated carbon-containing gas is passed through a waste heat recovery device to recover the heat in the activated carbon-containing gas. The waste heat recovery device is mainly composed of an air preheater 13 and a steam generator 14. The air preheater 13 receives the high-temperature activated carbon-containing gas from the furnace top, preheats the air to a certain temperature, and then enters the activation furnace 5 to participate in the reaction. The activated carbon-containing gas after cooling passes through the steam generator 14 and the steam drum 15, and produces high-pressure or low-pressure or high-low-pressure steam as a by-product. A part of it is used as air for the activation furnace 5, and the surplus steam is sent to the outside.

[0052] (4) The activated carbon-containing coal gas after the waste heat recovery device enters the activated carbon separation and collection device, which is composed of a cyclone dust collector 16 and a bag dust collector 17. The coal gas is pre-separated by the cyclone dust collector 16 to remove about 20-50% of the activated carbon powder, and the remaining activated carbon powder is removed by the bag dust collector 17 to 10mg / Nm 3 the following.

[0053] (5) The bottom of the cyclone dust collector 16 and the bag dust collector 17 are both provided with pneumatic conveying bin pumps, i.e., the cyclone dust collector bin pump 18 and the bag dust collector bin pump 19. The activated carbon powder captured by the cyclone dust collector 16 and the bag dust collector 17 is transported to the activated carbon silo 20 by low-pressure nitrogen through the pneumatic conveying bin pump. The separated by-product gas is discharged from the top of the bag dust collector 17 and sent to the outside of the boundary area, and can be used as synthetic raw gas to synthesize chemical products through conversion, desulfurization / decarbonization.

[0054] Furthermore, the calorific value of the by-product gas can reach 1000~2400kcal / Nm 3 , gas dust content ≤10mg / Nm 3 .

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the preparation system provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0056] 1. The present invention uses coal as raw material to prepare activated carbon, which solves the current single product structure of low added value of coal in my country and realizes the maximum utilization of coal resources. At the same time, based on the circulating fluidized bed activation furnace process, it changes the separator efficiency and the air and steam intake methods in the furnace, and realizes the co-production of coal gas, steam and activated carbon.

[0057] 2. The reaction temperature in the circulating fluidized bed activation furnace is uniform and can reach about 1000℃. The heating rate during coal activation can reach 100~1000℃ / s. Chemical substances such as tar and phenols are completely secondary cracked in the furnace, and no wastewater is generated. The subsequent activated carbon is collected by cyclone dust collector and bag dust collector, and the continuous operation cycle is long. The effective gas component of the by-product coal gas reaches 60~65%, which can be used as synthetic raw gas to synthesize chemical products through conversion, desulfurization / decarbonization.

[0058] 3. The present invention provides a waste heat recovery device to fully absorb the heat in the high-temperature gas and avoid waste of resources. At the same time, the preheated air can directly enter the activation furnace to participate in the reaction.

[0059] 4. The coal loading (coal conveyor belt 1), crushing and screening (crushing and screening equipment 2), activation furnace operation (activation furnace 5), activated carbon collection (cyclone dust collector 16, bag dust collector 17), activated carbon transportation (cyclone dust collector bin pump 18, bag dust collector bin pump 19) of the present invention are all automated. The system is controlled by the DCS system, and the temperature, pressure, coal feeding amount, air volume and other parameters of the activation furnace are controlled by the system operation station, which is convenient for energy consumption statistics and cost accounting management. The system is equipped with a process safety interlock system, which can predict abnormal operation and perform sound and light alarm; in the case of system failure and power failure, the safety interlock device can realize functions such as automatic protection and emergency stop to ensure the safety of the system and personnel and avoid the occurrence of safety accidents. Example

[0060] The present invention provides a method for preparing the coal-based activated carbon preparation system according to the first embodiment. Figure 2 As shown, including:

[0061] Step 100: The activation device uses preheated air and steam to activate the input pulverized coal and semi-coke to obtain activated carbon-containing coal gas.

[0062] Step 200: The waste heat recovery device uses the heat of the activated carbon-containing gas to preheat the input air and steam, and inputs the cooled activated carbon-containing gas into the activated carbon separation and collection device.

[0063] Step 300: The activated carbon separation and collection device performs an activated carbon separation operation on the activated carbon-containing coal gas after cooling to obtain coal-based activated carbon and by-product coal gas.

[0064] The preparation method of coal-based activated carbon is outstanding. The raw coal is put into the furnace to realize carbonization, and the activation process is completed in a single reactor. The whole process realizes the co-production of activated carbon and synthesis gas or fuel gas, and the activated carbon produced is 0~2mm powdered carbon.

[0065] The present invention reasonably controls the efficiency of the cyclone separator to ensure complete activation while minimizing the loss of carbon. The activation furnace furnace is inflated with air and steam in layers to ensure that the coal and air are fully activated, and part of the carbon atoms are ablated to form a developed pore structure inside. The present invention uses a circulating fluidized bed to prepare activated carbon, and uses a cyclone dust collector + bag dust collector to separate the gas-solid containing activated carbon. The yield of the activated carbon product (relative to the raw material) is as high as 20%~30%, and the by-product gas is discharged in the form of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and hydrogen sulfide, of which the effective gas component (CO+H2) reaches 60~65%. After conversion, desulfurization / decarbonization, it can be used as a synthetic raw material gas to synthesize chemical products, and no wastewater is generated during the production process. The present invention is provided with a waste heat recovery device, on the one hand, to fully recover the waste heat of the high-temperature coal gas containing activated carbon to avoid waste of resources, and on the other hand, to preheat the air as a heat source. The present invention adopts a circulating fluidized bed coal-to-activated carbon process, takes coal as raw material, and uses single gases such as air, steam, oxygen, carbon dioxide or their mixed gases as activators, performs high-temperature activation in an activation furnace, realizes the co-production of activated carbon, coal gas and steam, maximizes the utilization of coal resources to the greatest extent, and increases the added value of coal.

[0066] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0067] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal-based activated carbon preparation system, characterized in that: include: Activation device, waste heat recovery device, activated carbon separation and collection device, activated carbon conveying device, raw material processing device and slag discharge device; The activation device at least includes an activation furnace, a cyclone separator and a material return device; the waste heat recovery device at least includes an air preheater and a steam generator; The activation furnace is provided with a pulverized coal feed port, an air inlet, a steam inlet and a return material feed port, a slag discharge port is provided at the bottom of the activation furnace, and a target coal gas outlet is provided at the top of the activation furnace; the target coal gas is coal gas containing activated carbon and semi-coke; wherein the pulverized coal feed port, the air inlet, the steam inlet and the return material feed port are all located in the middle and lower area of ​​the activation furnace; The target coal gas outlet is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator through a pipeline, and the cyclone separator is used to perform gas-solid separation operation on the target coal gas to obtain activated carbon-containing coal gas and semi-coke; the semi-coke outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the return material feed port through a pipeline and the return device; The activated carbon-containing gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the first air inlet of the air preheater through a pipeline, and the second air inlet of the air preheater is used to input air; the air preheater is used to preheat the air by utilizing the heat of the activated carbon-containing gas; the first air outlet of the air preheater is connected to the air inlet of the activation furnace through a pipeline; the second air outlet of the air preheater is connected to the first air inlet of the steam generator through a pipeline, and the second feed port of the steam generator is used to input water; the steam generator is used to preheat water by utilizing the heat of the activated carbon-containing gas to generate steam; the first air outlet of the steam generator is used to be connected to the activated carbon separation and collection device through a pipeline; the second air outlet of the steam generator is connected to the steam inlet of the activation furnace through the pipeline; wherein the first air inlet of the air preheater and the first air inlet of the steam generator are both used to input activated carbon-containing gas; The activated carbon separation and collection device is used to perform activated carbon separation operation on activated carbon-containing coal gas to obtain coal-based activated carbon and by-product coal gas; The activated carbon conveying device is used to convey the coal-based activated carbon to the activated carbon silo; The activated carbon separation and collection device includes a cyclone dust collector and a bag dust collector; the activated carbon conveying device includes a cyclone dust collector bin pump and a bag dust collector bin pump; The air inlet of the cyclone dust collector is connected to the first air outlet of the steam generator through a pipeline; the cyclone dust collector is used to perform a pre-separation operation on the activated carbon-containing coal gas to obtain coal-based activated carbon and activated carbon-containing coal gas after the pre-separation operation; the air outlet of the cyclone dust collector is connected to the air inlet of the bag dust collector through a pipeline; the coal-based activated carbon discharge port of the cyclone dust collector is connected to the activated carbon silo through the cyclone dust collector silo pump; The bag filter is used to perform secondary separation on the activated carbon-containing coal gas after the pre-separation operation to obtain by-product coal gas and coal-based activated carbon; the coal-based activated carbon discharge port of the bag filter is connected to the activated carbon silo through the bag filter silo pump; The raw material processing device includes a crushing and screening device, a coal conveying belt, a plough-type discharger and a coal feeding bin in front of the activation furnace; wherein the plough-type discharger is arranged on the coal conveying belt; The crushing and screening equipment is used to crush and screen raw coal to obtain crushed and screened pulverized coal; The plough-type discharger is used to distribute the crushed and screened pulverized coal to the coal bunker in front of the activation furnace; The coal outlet of the activation furnace front coal feeding bin is connected with the pulverized coal feeding port through a pipeline and a screw coal feeder; The slag discharge device comprises a slag cooler, a slag conveying belt, a slag conveying bucket elevator and a slag bin connected in sequence; wherein the slag inlet of the slag cooler is connected to the slag discharge port through a pipeline; A rotating silo-type plugging removal device using a dynamic arch-breaking technology is provided at the lower end of the coal bunker in front of the activation furnace; a rotating coal hopper is provided above the spiral coal feeder; the rotating silo-type plugging removal device is used to remove coal attached to the rotating silo wall of the rotating coal hopper.

2. A coal-based activated carbon preparation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activated carbon is 0-2 mm powdered carbon.

3. A coal-based activated carbon preparation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating temperature of the activation furnace is 850-950° C., the steam-to-coal ratio of the activation furnace is 1-1.5, and the air-to-coal ratio of the activation furnace is 0.5-1.

4. A coal-based activated carbon preparation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An ignition fuel device is arranged at the bottom of the activation furnace; the fuel of the ignition fuel device is diesel or natural gas.

5. A method for preparing the coal-based activated carbon preparation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include: The activation device uses preheated air and steam to activate the input pulverized coal and semi-coke to obtain activated carbon-containing coal gas; The waste heat recovery device uses the heat of the activated carbon-containing gas to preheat the input air and steam, and inputs the cooled activated carbon-containing gas into the activated carbon separation and collection device; The activated carbon separation and collection device performs activated carbon separation operation on the activated carbon-containing coal gas after cooling to obtain coal-based activated carbon and by-product coal gas.

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