TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling equipment and construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting auxiliary excavation construction method and system, telescopic belt conveyor is used to contract the part in tool magazine according to established slide rail after stopping and changing tool to check tool, to leave enough space for drilling and blasting work;Double helix reserved hole cutter head is provided with multiple groups of reserved holes, two reserved holes of the same group are arranged on one of the two center-symmetrical spiral line tracks on the front end face of cutter head;The inside double drill of all-direction machine rock drill can be adjusted to the outside reserved hole of circular arc cutter head by driving through small gear ring, and the outside double drill can be adjusted to the outside reserved hole of circular arc cutter head by driving through large gear ring;Automatic coordination control hub is used for auxiliary rock breaking construction control.The equipment and construction method provided are suitable for modification on existing cutter head, realize drilling design and flexible drilling scheme arrangement, pre-splitting blasting construction process is semi-automatic, reduce human participation operation process, improve auxiliary rock breaking construction efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel rock breaking construction, and particularly provides a TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling equipment and construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, TBM (tunnel boring machine, a large machine that breaks rock by rotating a cutter head, excavates a tunnel, supports the tunnel, and discharges slag at the same time, and forms a full-face tunnel at one time) is widely used in tunnel construction, which has the advantages of fast excavation speed, environmental protection, and high comprehensive benefits.

[0003] However, in hard rock with high strength and good integrity, the rock breaking efficiency of TBM based on single cutter is low, and the cutter wears seriously. For this reason, various auxiliary equipment and construction methods have appeared in the industry, but each has its own shortcomings and cannot effectively assist in rock breaking. For example, a water jet assisted rock breaking system and method carried on a TBM are provided in Chinese Patent No. 201911067836.2, a water supply mechanism provides a fluid source and filters and softens the fluid to form a high-pressure jet to assist the TBM cutter in breaking rock. Chinese Patent No. 201810502773.8 proposes a laser assisted rock breaking method for TBM, which carries a laser head on the TBM cutter head, and the laser heads are evenly distributed in the radial direction between the cutters. In the process of TBM excavation, first, the laser is used to assist in irradiation to make the rock appear thermal cracks or thermal fragmentation to reduce the hardness of the rock, and then the cutter is used for rock breaking excavation. The above-mentioned laser and high-pressure water jet assisted rock breaking methods are difficult to further modify the existing cutter head design, and have low auxiliary rock breaking depth and poor effect.

[0004] Chinese Patent No. 202110279806.9 provides a cutter head modification design suitable for TBM hard rock auxiliary pre-splitting, an operating port is arranged near the center on the front end plate of the cutter head body, and a cover structure is detachably arranged on the operating port. After the operating port is opened, the drill can perform drilling operation through the operating port to obtain a rock hole, and the cracking member can extend into the rock hole through the operating port to perform cracking operation. This technology not only has great difficulty in modifying the cutter head and is not suitable for completing the modification on the basis of the existing cutter head, but also fails to cooperate with the excavation process of the TBM, and does not propose a design method of the drill and a reasonable arrangement design of the drill holes on the working face, lacks automatic drilling design and flexible drilling scheme arrangement, and is difficult to achieve efficient auxiliary rock breaking.

[0005] In summary, the prior art lacks equipment and construction methods suitable for modification on the existing cutter head, implementation of drilling design and flexible drilling scheme arrangement, reduction of human participation in the operation process, and realization of efficient auxiliary rock breaking construction. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling equipment and construction method, which is suitable for modification on the existing cutter head, realizes drilling design and flexible drilling scheme arrangement, reduces human intervention in the operation process, and improves the auxiliary rock breaking construction efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, in the first aspect, the present application provides a TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling equipment, which comprises a telescopic belt conveyor, a double-spiral pre-drilling hole cutter head, an all-directional rock drill and an automatic coordination control hub. The telescopic belt conveyor is drivingly connected with the all-directional rock drill to drive the axial movement of the all-directional rock drill, and after the completion of the stoppage for tool change and tool checking, part of the cutter compartment is retracted according to the predetermined slide rail to leave enough space for drilling and blasting operation. The double-spiral pre-drilling hole cutter head is provided with a plurality of pre-drilling holes for the rock drill to drill holes and charge on the tunneling face after the front end of the rock drill is extended out of the cutter head. The pre-drilling holes comprise a plurality of groups arranged at different radial ranges, each group comprises two pre-drilling holes symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center of the cutter head, and the two pre-drilling holes of the same group are arranged on one of the two center-symmetrical spiral line tracks on the front end surface of the cutter head. The all-directional rock drill comprises an inner double rock drill on the pinion gear at the rear of the cutter head and an outer double rock drill on the large gear at the rear of the shield. The outer double rock drill and the inner double rock drill can be axially adjusted and are provided with a drill bit and a charging mechanism at the front end. The inner double rock drill can be circumferentially adjusted to flush with the inner pre-drilling hole of the cutter head by the pinion gear, and the outer double rock drill can be circumferentially adjusted to flush with the outer pre-drilling hole of the cutter head by the large gear. The automatic coordination control hub is control-connected with the telescopic belt conveyor, the double-spiral pre-drilling hole cutter head and the all-directional rock drill for the control of pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling construction.

[0008] Optionally, the telescopic belt conveyor comprises a movable front end, a fixed storage rear end and a belt telescopic drive. The storage rear end is provided with a space in the middle for the front end to be embedded along the sliding groove.

[0009] Optionally, the shield is provided with a plurality of fixed pre-drilling holes with an outward inclination of 3°-5° to the tunneling direction. The fixed pre-drilling holes are arranged along the periphery of the shield at intervals. The fixed pre-drilling holes are used for the rock drill to drill peripheral holes to provide a free surface for the pre-splitting blasting of the outer edge and control the effective range of crack propagation.

[0010] Optionally, the all-directional rock drill comprises a plurality of fixed rock drills axially aligned with the fixed pre-drilling holes. Each fixed rock drill moves axially and extends the front end out of the cutter head to drill holes and charge.

[0011] Optionally, the inner contour of the large gear ring is fixed on the main beam, and the outer double drill rig can rotate around the central axis of the large gear ring to adjust the circumferential position, so as to correspond to the fixed reserved hole on the shield through rotation and telescopic movement; the outer contour of the small gear ring is fixed in the shield, and the inner double drill rig can rotate around the central axis of the small gear ring to adjust the circumferential position, so as to correspond to the reserved hole at any circumferential position.

[0012] Optionally, the full-circumferential machine rock drill includes an axially movable movable platform, after the drilling operation is completed, the drill is stored on both sides of the gear ring through the movable platform and is parallel to the circumferential plane of the gear ring, so as to not affect the subsequent TBM cutter head rotation rock breaking.

[0013] Optionally, the automatic coordination control center includes an operation platform, a central processor, various system sensors and a driving system, the operation platform is used for human-computer interaction operation; the central processor is used for feeding back the signals collected by the various system sensors to the operation platform after processing, and controlling the driving system to execute the human given instructions; the various system sensors are used for detecting the functional state of different systems during pre-splitting auxiliary rock breaking; the driving system is used for automatically executing the pre-splitting rock breaking process according to the related instructions given by the operation platform.

[0014] In order to achieve the above purpose, in the second aspect, the application provides a TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling construction method using the TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling equipment.

[0015] Pre-splitting initial preparation: after the stoppage of the machine for changing and checking the cutter, the telescopic belt conveyor contracts part of the cutter compartment in the predetermined slide rail, leaving sufficient space for the drilling and blasting work; then, the double-spiral reserved hole cutter head drives the double-spiral reserved hole to rotate to the axial position of the blast hole design position;

[0016] Blast hole drilling: the small gear ring drives the inner double drill rig to adjust the circumferential position, so that the drill bit of the inner double drill rig is axially aligned with the inner reserved hole, the inner double drill rig drives the drill bit to extend from the inner reserved hole, and drills two symmetrical blast holes on the tunneling working face; after drilling, the drill rod and the drill bit are retracted into the cutter compartment, the inner double drill rig is adjusted circumferentially again to correspond to the next two blast holes, drilling is continued, and the cycle operation is repeated until all the inner blast holes are drilled; the large gear ring drives the outer double drill rig to adjust the circumferential position, so that the drill bit of the outer double drill rig is axially aligned with the outer reserved hole, the outer double drill rig drives the drill bit to extend from the outer reserved hole, and drills two symmetrical blast holes on the tunneling working face; after drilling, the drill rod and the drill bit are retracted into the cutter compartment, the outer double drill rig is adjusted circumferentially again to correspond to the next two blast holes, drilling is continued, and the cycle operation is repeated until all the outer blast holes are drilled;

[0017] Charging pre-splitting: when each blast hole is drilled, according to the instruction of the control center, the designated blast hole is charged according to the blast hole arrangement scheme;

[0018] Next cycle segment preparation: after the drilling and blasting pre-splitting work is completed, all the drilling machines are retracted to the vertical plane, the automatic coordinated control center operates the retractable belt machine to extend to the position of the tunneling state, and the TBM performs the cutter rock breaking operation; after the tunneling distance reaches the limit of the hard rock pre-splitting blasting, the steps of pre-splitting initial preparation, blast hole drilling and charging pre-splitting are repeated to realize the pre-splitting blasting auxiliary excavation.

[0019] Optionally, the charging pre-splitting includes an alternating arrangement of empty holes and charging holes: the blast hole with the smallest radius from the center of the cutter head is an empty hole without charging, and as the radius from the center of the cutter head gradually increases, the empty holes and charging holes are arranged alternately, so that each charging hole has enough free surface to produce cracks as soon as possible when blasting, and effective pre-splitting is realized.

[0020] Optionally, the blast hole drilling includes drilling peripheral holes: each fixed drilling machine extends through the fixed reserved hole of the shield, and the empty hole of the blast hole farthest from the center of the cutter head is used as a peripheral hole, and the peripheral hole is not charged with explosives.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling equipment and construction method provided by the present application has the advantages that the double helix reserved hole is arranged on the double helix reserved hole cutter head, which not only helps to ensure that the overall rigidity of the cutter head has little influence, but also facilitates the modification of the existing cutter head, the design of the drilling hole and the flexible arrangement of the drilling hole scheme; the inner double drilling machine of the all-directional machine drilling rig is driven by the pinion to adjust to the outer reserved hole of the circular arc cutter head, and the outer double drilling machine is driven by the ring gear to adjust to the outer reserved hole of the circular arc cutter head, which facilitates the flexible completion of the specific blasting requirements of the tunneling face; and the automatic coordinated control center is connected with the retractable belt machine, the double helix reserved hole cutter head and the all-directional machine drilling rig for control of the pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling construction, which can better coordinate with the tunneling cycle rock breaking, the pre-splitting blasting construction process is semi-automatic, the tedious manual pre-splitting operation is reduced, the efficiency of the TBM in hard rock tunneling is improved, the continuity of the process is improved, the construction cost is saved, and the construction safety is ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementation methods. The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application, and form a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application.

[0023] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the retractable belt machine.

[0024] Figure 2The double helix reserved hole arrangement schematic diagram of the double helix reserved hole cutter head provided by the present application.

[0025] Figure 3 The three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the all-around rock drill rig provided by the present application.

[0026] Figure 4 The structure schematic diagram of the small gear ring driven inner double rock drill rig.

[0027] Figure 5 The principle diagram of the automatic coordination control center.

[0028] Figure 6 The pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling flow chart.

[0029] Figure 7 The borehole and charge schematic diagram of the pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling construction.

[0030] In the figure, 1. belt, 2. end roller, 3. chute, 4. storage rear end, 5. steering roller, 6. telescopic drive, 7. cutter head unsuitable opening center limit, 8. double helix arrangement track, 9. reserved hole, 10. main beam, 11. large gear ring, 12. inner side hole drilling rig, 13. small gear ring fixing device, 14. outer side hole drilling rig, 15. small gear ring, 16. cutter head, 17. drill bit, 18. shield, 19. peripheral hole, 20. charge hole, 21. empty hole, 22. pre-splitting crack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The existing auxiliary rock breaking device and method are difficult to realize the automatic auxiliary rock breaking coordinated with the TBM tunneling, and the new laser and water pressure rock breaking technology is difficult to be modified on the original cutter head, has high cost, and the drilling filling crack member still needs manual operation, which is complicated and tedious.

[0032] The application aims to provide a TBM pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling method which can automate drilling, ensure TBM to fast tunnel in hard rock tunnel in a safe, reliable and low energy consumption state, and improve construction efficiency. The design of the application mainly includes a telescopic belt conveyor, a double spiral pre-drilling cutter head, an all-direction on-board rock drill and an automatic coordination control center. The double spiral pre-drilling cutter head with the smallest area ratio is arranged on the cutter head to leave a contact space for drilling and charging of the drilling and blasting pre-splitting of the working face; the double drillers supported by the gear ring are arranged behind the cutter head and behind the shield, and the drill bits of the double drillers can be flexibly moved according to the drilling, which is a favorable equipment for realizing all-direction rock drilling; the coordination control center is designed among the cutter head, the belt, the driller and the construction state to ensure the automation of the blasting auxiliary rock breaking. The whole pre-splitting blasting auxiliary rock breaking process is performed by the coordination control center in sequence, i.e., the telescopic belt conveyor, the positioning cutter head pre-drilling and blast hole arrangement, the coordination of the driller and the pre-drilling, the drilling and rock drilling, the charging and blasting, and the cycle tunneling. The whole process is semi-automated, reduces human participation, has high blasting pre-splitting efficiency, is helpful for secondary tunneling rock breaking, and the method is suitable for the modification design of cutter heads with different diameters.

[0033] The provided TBM semi-automated pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling equipment and construction method will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative, but not as any limitation on the application and its application or use.

[0034] The provided TBM pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling equipment of the application comprises a telescopic belt conveyor, a double spiral pre-drilling cutter head, an all-direction on-board rock drill and an automatic coordination control center.

[0035] The telescopic belt conveyor is used to shrink part of the cutter compartment according to the predetermined slide rail after the machine is stopped for cutter replacement and cutter checking, so as to leave enough space for drilling and blasting work; Figure 1 The structure diagram of the telescopic belt conveyor is shown in the figure. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the telescopic belt conveyor mainly comprises a belt 1, a movable front end provided with an end roller 2, a fixed storage rear end 4, a turning roller 5 and a telescopic drive 6. There is a space in the middle of the storage rear end 4 for the front end to be embedded along the sliding groove 3, and the space of the front end is left. In order to ensure the smooth telescoping process of the belt 1, the telescopic drive 6 is subjected to a traction force opposite to the tunneling direction during contraction, so as to ensure the contraction of the excess belt of the front end.

[0036] The double spiral reserved hole cutter head is provided with a plurality of reserved holes for the drilling machine front end to pass through the cutter head and drill holes and charge operation on the tunneling working face, the reserved holes include a plurality of groups arranged in different radial ranges, each group includes two reserved holes symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cutter head center, and the two reserved holes of the same group are arranged on one of the two center-symmetric spiral line tracks on the front end face of the cutter head.

[0037] Figure 2 The double spiral reserved hole cutter head provided by the application is provided with a double spiral reserved hole arrangement diagram. In order to prevent too many drilling reserved holes from having a greater impact on the overall rigidity of the cutter head, the application designs a double spiral opening mode with the smallest area ratio, as shown in Figure 2 The overall arrangement is around two center-symmetric double spiral line tracks 8, and the reserved holes 9 are arranged according to the drilling and blasting hole arrangement scheme determined by the preliminary geological survey and according to different diameters from the cutter head center. Due to the presence of the center cutter, the cutter head should not be opened within the center limit 7, and the closest reserved hole to the center needs to avoid the adverse influence range of the center cutter. The diameter of the reserved hole 9 is 2-3 times the diameter of the blast hole, and according to different TBM diameters, the number of arrangements on a single spiral line should be 4-10. This cutter head arrangement method ensures the overall rigidity of the cutter head to the greatest extent with the smallest area ratio, and with the rotation of the cutter head, drilling at any position in the same radial range can be realized. In addition to the reserved holes whose positions can be adjusted with the rotation of the cutter head, fixed reserved holes with a 3°-5° outward inclination to the tunneling direction are designed on the shield, and a reserved hole is arranged every 0.8m arc length along the periphery of the shield, and the main function is to drill peripheral holes to provide a free surface for the external edge pre-splitting blasting and control the effective range of crack propagation.

[0038] The all-directional machine rock drill includes an inner double drill on the small gear ring behind the cutter head and an outer double drill on the large gear ring behind the shield, the outer double drill and the inner double drill can be axially adjusted and are provided with drill heads and charging mechanisms at the front ends; the inner double drill can be circumferentially adjusted to be flush with the inner reserved holes of the cutter head by the small gear ring, and the outer double drill can be circumferentially adjusted to be flush with the outer reserved holes of the circular arc cutter head by the large gear ring.

[0039] Figure 3 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the all-directional machine rock drill provided by the application is shown in Figure 3As shown, the arrangement of the reserved holes and the design of the double drill machine are coordinated. To ensure that the arrangement of the holes in the working face can meet the needs of pre-splitting, the on-board drill machine is divided into a large gear ring drill group behind the shield and a small gear ring drill group behind the cutter head. The inner contour of the large gear ring 11 is fixed on the main beam 10, and two outer side rock drills 14 that can rotate around the large gear ring 11 are arranged thereon. Through rotation and telescopic movement, the large gear ring 11 can correspond to the fixed reserved holes on the shield. The outer contour of the small gear ring 15 is fixed on the small gear ring fixing device 13 inside the shield, and two inner side rock drills 12 that can rotate around the small gear ring 15 are arranged thereon. The small gear ring 15 can move 360 degrees around the small gear ring 15, which is convenient for corresponding to the reserved holes at any circumferential position. After the drilling operation is completed, the drill machine can be stored on both sides of the gear ring through the movable platform, and is parallel to the circumferential plane of the gear ring, which does not affect the subsequent TBM cutter head rotation rock breaking.

[0040] The automatic coordination control hub is connected with the telescopic belt conveyor, the double helix reserved hole cutter head and the omnidirectional machine rock drill for control, and is used for control of pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling construction. Figure 5 The automatic coordination control hub constitutes a schematic diagram. The design of the automatic coordination control hub is to coordinate and control each operation step of the pre-splitting drilling and blasting. The automatic coordination control hub mainly consists of four parts: an operation platform, a central processor, various system sensors and a driving system, as shown in the figure. Figure 5 The operation platform is the main body of human-computer interaction, and can visually observe the tunneling of the TBM, the position of the cutter head, the arrangement of the holes, the state of the drill machine and the like. The safety of the pre-splitting auxiliary rock breaking is monitored in real time through various system sensors. In addition, for different strength hard rocks and tunneling construction arrangements, the hole arrangement scheme, single drilling distance, charge amount and the like can be set and changed through the operation platform. The drilling mode can also be set by the user. The central processor is the core of the entire automatic control. The signals collected by the various system sensors are fed back to the operation platform after being processed, and the central processor can also control the driving system to execute the instructions given by the user. The central processor is the key "bridge" among the operation platform, the sensors and the driving system. The sensors of different systems can detect the functional state of the pre-splitting auxiliary rock breaking of different systems, mainly including the perception of the tunneling state, the position of the belt conveyor, the position of the cutter head, the position of the drill machine and the like. The driving system automatically executes the pre-splitting rock breaking process according to the related instructions given by the operation platform, including the telescopic control of the belt conveyor, the coordinated rotation of the cutter head, the rock drilling of the drill machine, the charging and the blasting control and the like.

[0041] The working method of the TBM pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling equipment provided by the patent comprises the following steps:

[0042] 1. When the cutter is checked and replaced, the designated drilling and blasting pre-splitting auxiliary rock breaking mode (including the hole arrangement scheme, the single drilling and blasting depth and the like) is set through the operation platform. If the mode has been set, the corresponding mode can be directly selected to start;

[0043] 2. After the auxiliary rock breaking is determined to be safe by the safety monitoring, the drilling and blasting pre-splitting auxiliary rock breaking is started;

[0044] 3. The belt conveyor is automatically retracted, and the cutter head is rotated so that the reserved hole corresponds to the first group of blast holes;

[0045] 4. The pinion gear drill is horizontally deployed, and is rotated and adjusted on the pinion gear to correspond to the reserved hole to be drilled on the cutter head; the large gear drill is horizontally deployed, and is rotated and adjusted on the large gear to correspond to the reserved hole to be drilled on the shield;

[0046] 5. All drills drill rock according to the predetermined drilling and blasting depth, and the drills for drilling the peripheral holes are directly rotated around the large gear to reach the designated reserved hole position;

[0047] 6. After the drills on the pinion gear behind the cutter head complete drilling of a group of blast holes, the cutter head is first rotated so that the reserved hole corresponds to the next group of blast holes to be drilled, and the dual-purpose drill is then adjusted to aim at the reserved hole and the blast hole to be drilled, and the above process is repeated until all blast holes are drilled;

[0048] 7. After drilling of each charge hole is completed, the charge is loaded according to the specified blasting dose;

[0049] 8. After all charge holes are loaded, safety detection is performed, and the drilling and blasting pre-splitting rock is performed after it is determined to be correct;

[0050] 9. After the drilling and blasting pre-splitting is completed, the drills are retracted to the vertical plane, and the position of the belt conveyor is restored;

[0051] 10. The TBM cutter is used to break rock, and when the circulating tunneling distance reaches the limit distance of the previous drilling and blasting pre-splitting, the next pre-splitting blasting auxiliary rock breaking is started from 1.

[0052] Figure 6 The flowchart of the pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling is shown in FIG. 1, and the following will be described in combination with the accompanying drawings. Figure 6As shown, the application provides a preferred embodiment of a TBM pre-splitting blasting assisted excavation construction method, which mainly includes four steps: pre-splitting initial preparation, blast hole drilling, charging pre-splitting and next cycle segment preparation, and the implementation basis mainly relies on the telescopic belt conveyor, double spiral reserved hole cutter head, omnidirectional machine-mounted rock drill and automatic coordination control center. In order to ensure that the blasting pre-splitting of the working face does not affect the normal excavation process of the TBM, a double spiral reserved hole arrangement is designed on the cutter head to facilitate the drilling and charging operation of the drill; the omnidirectional machine-mounted rock drill mainly consists of double drills on the small gear ring behind the cutter head and double drills on the large gear ring behind the shield, which can be automatically positioned to the reserved hole on the cutter head, and when the rock drill bit is carried, it can drill blast holes on the rock stratum of the working face through the reserved hole, and further charge according to the blasting scheme; in order to ensure that the drill on the small gear ring can operate flexibly in all directions behind the cutter head, a telescopic belt conveyor is designed; the automatic coordination control center ensures the efficient, safe and stable operation of the whole pre-splitting blasting assisted excavation, mainly performs automatic control and coordination control of the telescopic belt conveyor, the positioning of the cutter head reserved hole and blast hole arrangement, the correspondence of the cutter head reserved hole and drill position, the drilling depth control of the blast hole, the charging control and blasting time control, safety control, etc.

[0053] (1) Pre-splitting initial preparation

[0054] The pre-splitting initial preparation mainly includes the telescopic belt conveyor contraction and the corresponding reserved hole and blast hole arrangement scheme. First, after the machine is stopped for tool replacement and tool checking, the telescopic belt conveyor is contracted in the cutter compartment according to the predetermined slide rail, leaving sufficient space for drilling and blasting work.

[0055] After the telescopic belt conveyor is contracted, in order to ensure that the drilling positions of the fixed reserved hole and the cutter head reserved hole both meet the design of the blast hole arrangement, the reserved hole and the blast hole design position need to be positioned.

[0056] (2) Blast hole drilling

[0057] Under the coordination control of the automatic coordination control center to the drill and the cutter head, the design positions of the drill bit, the reserved hole and the blast hole can be guaranteed to be in a straight line. After the reserved hole is positioned, the drill on the large gear ring can perform peripheral hole drilling operation through the reserved hole. The blast hole drilling operation corresponding to the cutter head is relatively complex, and the rotation of the cutter head and the movement of the drill need to be coordinated. Figure 4 The structure diagram of the inner double drill driven by the small gear ring. As shown in Figure 4As shown, first is to complete the distance cutter 16 center near the borehole drilling, because of the reserved hole double helix structure arrangement, each time drilling can be drilled symmetrical two holes, after drilling back to the drill pipe and drill bit 17 to the cutter compartment, rotating cutter, moving drill on the pinion and adjust, so that it with the next two holes corresponding, continue to drill, cycle until all the holes are drilled.

[0058] (3) charge pre-splitting

[0059] When each hole is drilled, according to the instructions of the control center, according to the hole layout scheme, the designated hole is charged (charging hole). Figure 7 The hole and charging for pre-splitting blasting auxiliary excavation construction is shown in Figure Figure 7 As shown, to effectively realize the drilling and blasting pre-splitting, it is necessary to ensure that the hole with the smallest radius from the center of the cutter is an empty hole without charging. The hole farthest from the center of the cutter is called the peripheral hole 19. As the radius from the center of the cutter increases, the empty hole 21 and the charging hole 20 should be alternately arranged, which can ensure that each charging hole has enough free surface to produce pre-splitting cracks 22 as fast as possible, and effectively pre-split. Since the purpose of drilling and blasting is to produce a certain number of cracks, rather than completely breaking the rock, in addition to ensuring that the distance between different holes is larger than that of traditional drilling and blasting methods, a smaller amount of charging and dispersed initiation are also required, so that a suitable number of radial cracks and circumferential cracks can be distributed around different holes, and the overall rock remains stable. It is recommended that the hole spacing be about 1.5m, which can be set according to the size of the cutter cross section.

[0060] (4) next cycle preparation

[0061] After completing the drilling and blasting pre-splitting work, all the drills are retracted to the vertical plane, and the automatic coordinated control center operates the retractable belt machine to the position of the excavation state, allowing the TBM to perform the rock breaking operation of the rolling cutter. The drilling and blasting distance can be set through the terminal, but should not be less than the length of one excavation cycle section. When the excavation distance reaches the limit of hard rock pre-splitting blasting, the steps (1), (2), and (3) can be repeated to realize pre-splitting blasting assisted excavation.

[0062] The TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling equipment and construction method provided by the application, by arranging the double helix pre-drilled hole on the double helix pre-drilled hole cutter, the overall rigidity of the cutter is not affected, and the existing cutter can be easily modified, drilled and arranged flexibly; the inner double drill of the all-directional machine rock drill is driven by the pinion, and the outer double drill is driven by the ring gear, so that the pre-drilled hole on the outer side of the circular cutter can be adjusted circumferentially to flush, which facilitates flexible completion of the specific blasting requirements of the tunneling face; and the automatic coordination control center is connected with the telescopic belt conveyor, the double helix pre-drilled hole cutter and the all-directional machine rock drill, and is used for control of pre-splitting blasting auxiliary tunneling construction, which can better coordinate with the tunneling cycle rock breaking, semi-automatically perform the pre-splitting blasting construction process, reduce the tediousness of manual pre-splitting operation, improve the efficiency of the TBM in hard rock tunneling, help the continuity of the process, save construction cost, ensure construction safety.

[0063] The above is only an embodiment of the application, and common knowledge such as specific structures and / or characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be considered as the protection scope of the application, and these will not affect the effect and practicality of the application. The protection scope of the present application should be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation mode and the like in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting-assisted tunneling equipment for TBMs, characterized in that: Includes a retractable belt conveyor, a double-helix pre-drilled cutterhead, an omnidirectional rock drilling rig, and an automated coordination and control center; The retractable belt conveyor is used to retract part of the tool chamber according to a predetermined slide rail after the machine is stopped for tool replacement and inspection, so as to leave enough space for drilling and blasting operations. The double-helix pre-reserved hole cutterhead is provided with multiple pre-reserved holes for drilling and charging operations at the front end of the drilling rig through the cutterhead and on the tunnel face. The pre-reserved holes include multiple groups arranged in different radial ranges. Each group includes two pre-reserved holes symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center of the cutterhead. The two pre-reserved holes in the same group are respectively arranged on one of the two centrally symmetrical spiral trajectories on the front end face of the cutterhead. The omnidirectional rock drilling rig includes an inner double drilling rig on a small gear ring behind the cutterhead and an outer double drilling rig on a large gear ring behind the shield. Both the outer and inner double drilling rigs are axially adjustable and are equipped with drill bits and charging mechanisms at their front ends. The inner double drilling rig is circumferentially adjustable to align with the inner pre-drilled hole of the cutterhead, driven by the small gear ring. The outer double drilling rig is circumferentially adjustable to align with the outer pre-drilled hole of the arc-shaped cutterhead, driven by the large gear ring. The automated coordination and control center is connected to the telescopic belt conveyor, the double-helix pre-reserved hole cutterhead and the omnidirectional rock drilling rig for the control of pre-splitting blasting-assisted tunneling construction. The shield is provided with multiple fixed pre-drilled holes inclined outward at 3°-5° to the tunneling direction. These fixed pre-drilled holes are spaced along the perimeter of the shield and are used by the drilling rig to extend and drill around the perimeter holes, providing a free surface for pre-splitting blasting at the outer edge and effectively controlling the crack propagation range. The inner contour of the large gear ring is fixed to the main beam. The outer dual drilling rigs can rotate around the central axis of the large gear ring to adjust their circumferential position, so as to correspond to the fixed pre-drilled holes on the shield through rotation and telescopic movement. The outer contour of the small gear ring is fixed inside the shield. The inner dual drilling rigs can rotate around the central axis of the small gear ring to adjust their circumferential position, so as to correspond to the pre-drilled holes at any circumferential position.

2. The TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting-assisted tunneling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retractable belt conveyor includes a movable front end, a fixed storage rear end, and a belt telescopic drive. The storage rear end has a space in the middle for the front end to be inserted along a groove.

3. The TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting-assisted tunneling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The omnidirectional rock drilling rig includes multiple fixed drilling rigs axially aligned with the fixed reserved hole. Each fixed drilling rig moves axially and its front end extends out of the fixed reserved hole to the cutterhead for drilling and charging operations.

4. The TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting-assisted tunneling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The omnidirectional rock drilling rig includes a movable platform that can move axially. After drilling is completed, the rig is stored on both sides of the gear ring and parallel to the circumferential plane of the gear ring via the movable platform, so as not to affect the subsequent rotation of the TBM cutterhead to break the rock.

5. The TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting-assisted tunneling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automated coordination and control center includes an operating platform, a central processing unit, various system sensors, and a drive system. The operating platform is used for human-machine interaction. The central processing unit processes the signals collected by the various system sensors and feeds them back to the operating platform, and controls the drive system to execute manually given instructions. The various system sensors are used to detect the functional status of different systems during pre-splitting assisted rock breaking. The drive system is used to automatically execute the pre-splitting rock breaking procedures according to the relevant instructions given by the operating platform.

6. A semi-automatic TBM pre-splitting blasting-assisted tunneling construction method, using the TBM semi-automatic pre-splitting blasting-assisted tunneling equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Including the following steps: Pre-splitting initial preparation: After stopping the machine to change and check the cutter, the telescopic belt conveyor retracts part of the cutter chamber according to the predetermined slide rail to leave sufficient space for drilling and blasting work; then, the double helix pre-drilled hole cutter head actively drives the double helix pre-drilled hole to rotate until it is axially aligned with the blast hole design position; Blast Hole Drilling: The small gear ring drives the inner double drilling rig to adjust its circumferential position, aligning the drill bit of the inner double drilling rig with the axial alignment of the inner pre-drilled hole. The inner double drilling rig drives the drill bit to extend from the inner pre-drilled hole and drill two symmetrical blast holes on the tunnel face. After drilling, the drill rod and drill bit are retracted into the cutter head, and the inner double drilling rig is adjusted circumferentially again to correspond with the next two blast holes. Drilling continues, and the cycle is repeated until all the inner blast holes are drilled. The large gear ring drives the outer double drilling rig to adjust its circumferential position, aligning the drill bit of the outer double drilling rig with the axial alignment of the outer pre-drilled hole. The outer double drilling rig drives the drill bit to extend from the outer pre-drilled hole and drill two symmetrical blast holes on the tunnel face. After drilling, the drill rod and drill bit are retracted into the cutter head, and the outer double drilling rig is adjusted circumferentially again to correspond with the next two blast holes. Drilling continues, and the cycle is repeated until all the outer blast holes are drilled. Pre-fracking of explosive charge: After each blast hole is excavated, explosive charge is loaded into the designated blast holes according to the instructions of the control center and the blast hole layout plan. Preparation for the next cycle: After completing the drilling and blasting pre-splitting work, all drilling rigs are retracted to the vertical plane, and the automated coordination control center operates the telescopic belt conveyor to extend back to the tunneling position. The TBM then performs the cutter rock breaking operation. After the tunneling mileage reaches the limit of hard rock pre-splitting blasting, the steps of initial pre-splitting preparation, blast hole drilling, and charge pre-splitting are repeated to achieve pre-splitting blasting-assisted excavation.

7. The TBM semi-automated pre-splitting blasting-assisted tunneling construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Pre-splitting of explosive charges involves alternating arrangements of empty holes and charged holes: the hole with the smallest radius from the center of the cutterhead is an empty hole without explosive charge, and as the radius from the center of the cutterhead gradually increases, empty holes and charged holes are arranged alternately so that each charged hole has enough free surface to generate cracks as quickly as possible when it is blasted, thus achieving effective pre-splitting.

8. The TBM semi-automated pre-splitting blasting-assisted tunneling construction method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The drilling of blast holes includes drilling peripheral holes: each fixed drilling machine extends through the fixed reserved hole of the shield and drills the blast hole farthest from the center of the cutter head as a peripheral hole. No explosives are placed in the peripheral hole.

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