A dual power supply automatic switching device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a dual-power automatic switching device, comprising a power supply circuit, a control circuit, an electrical direct protection circuit, a load, a current transformer (CMT), and a tristable magnetic latching dual-circuit switcher. The power supply circuit comprises a main power supply circuit and a secondary power supply circuit; the tristable magnetic latching dual-circuit switcher comprises a tristable magnetic latching relay with a main-secondary power supply circuit switching and interlocking structure; the electrical direct protection circuit comprises a protection circuit and a bypass circuit. When the load current is less than a preset current value, the bypass circuit is switched on; when the load current is greater than or equal to the preset current value, the protection circuit is switched on, and the tristable magnetic latching relay enters a third stable operating state. This device combines intelligent control with non-intelligent electrical direct control, electrical and mechanical interlocking, switching with protection, and has a compact, integrated structure, greatly improving the reliability and cost-effectiveness of dual-power circuit switching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of switch electrical appliances, and in particular to a dual power automatic switching device. Background Art

[0002] In many cases, a main power circuit and a backup power circuit need to be set in the power supply circuit. In order to realize automatic switching between the main power circuit and the backup power circuit, an automatic transfer switch circuit is often required. The automatic transfer switch circuit is a switching device installed in the line to enable the load circuit to achieve continuous power supply. It is mainly used in dual power supply systems. When a problem occurs in one of the power circuits, the load circuit is automatically switched from one power supply to the other power supply to achieve the purpose of continuous power supply to the load circuit.

[0003] Load overload and short-circuit protection is often designed in the power supply circuit. In the existing technology, the current signal of the load is generally collected, and then the collected current signal is converted into a digital quantity and compared with a reference value. When the collected current signal is greater than the reference value, the controller sends a corresponding control signal to control the disconnection of the power supply circuit. However, the reliability of this method of converting the analog quantity into a digital quantity for comparison and then disconnecting the power supply circuit by electronic control is low. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a safer and more reliable way to automatically disconnect the power supply circuit when the load is overloaded or short-circuited, and to automatically switch to another power supply when a problem occurs in one of the power supplies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a dual power automatic switching device that can automatically disconnect the power circuit when a short circuit or overload occurs in the load, and can automatically switch to the other power supply when a problem occurs in one of the power supplies, thereby greatly improving the reliability of power circuit switching and disconnection.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A dual power automatic switching device includes a power supply circuit, a control circuit, an electrical direct protection circuit, a load, a current transformer L, and a tristable magnetic latching dual-way switcher, wherein the power supply circuit includes a main power supply circuit and a secondary power supply circuit;

[0007] The tristable magnetic latching dual-way switch includes a tristable magnetic latching relay, which includes two groups of relay devices, one of which is capable of connecting to or disconnecting from the main power circuit, and the other is capable of connecting to or disconnecting from the auxiliary power circuit. The two groups of relay devices are interlocked by a locking mechanism, so that by controlling the two groups of relay devices, the tristable magnetic latching relay has a first stable operating state in which it is connected to the main power circuit and disconnected from the auxiliary power circuit, a second stable operating state in which it is connected to the auxiliary power circuit and disconnected from the main power circuit, and a third stable operating state in which it is disconnected from both the main power circuit and the auxiliary power circuit.

[0008] The electrical direct protection circuit includes a protection circuit and a bypass circuit, wherein the bypass circuit is connected to the load through the primary winding of the current transformer L1, and the protection circuit is connected to the tristable magnetic latching relay through the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. When the current of the load is less than a preset current value, the bypass circuit is turned on. When the current of the load is greater than or equal to the preset current value, the protection circuit is turned on and current is passed into the tristable magnetic latching relay, so that the tristable magnetic latching relay is in a third stable working state.

[0009] The control circuit includes a voltage acquisition circuit and a current acquisition circuit. The current acquisition circuit is connected to the current transformer L1 and is used to acquire the current on the current transformer L1. The voltage acquisition circuit is connected to the main power supply circuit and the auxiliary power supply circuit and is used to respectively acquire the voltages of the main power supply circuit and the auxiliary power supply circuit. When the voltage acquisition circuit detects that the voltage of the main power supply circuit is greater than a preset voltage value, the control circuit passes current into the tristable magnetic latching relay to place the tristable magnetic latching relay in a second stable working state. When the voltage acquisition circuit detects that the voltage of the auxiliary power supply circuit is greater than the preset voltage value, the control circuit passes current into the tristable magnetic latching relay to place the tristable magnetic latching relay in a first stable working state.

[0010] In this way, when the dual power automatic switching device of this scheme is in use, the three-stable magnetic latching relay is used to connect or disconnect the power circuit. At the same time, since the two groups of relay devices of the three-stable magnetic latching relay are interlocked by the locking mechanism, only one of the two groups of relay devices is turned on, so that the three-stable magnetic latching relay has a first stable working state in which it is connected to the main power circuit and disconnected from the auxiliary power circuit, a second stable working state in which it is connected to the auxiliary power circuit and disconnected from the main power circuit, and a third stable working state in which it is disconnected from both the main power circuit and the auxiliary power circuit.

[0011] When the load is working normally during use, the current in the secondary winding of the current transformer L1 is small, the bypass circuit is turned on, and the protection circuit is not turned on. At this time, the power circuit is working normally. When the load is short-circuited or overloaded, the current in the primary winding of the current transformer L1 connected to the load increases, thereby causing the current in the secondary winding of the current transformer L1 to increase greatly through mutual inductance. The large current in the secondary winding of the current transformer L1 causes the protection circuit to be turned on, and the protection circuit is turned on and current is passed into the tri-stable magnetic latching relay. The current passed in will cause the tri-stable magnetic latching relay to be in the third stable working state. At this time, the magnetic latching relay simultaneously disconnects the main power circuit and the auxiliary power circuit, thereby achieving a protective effect.

[0012] At the same time, the voltage acquisition circuit continuously samples the voltages of the main power circuit and the auxiliary power circuit. When the voltage of the main power circuit exceeds a preset voltage value, the control circuit flows current into the tristable magnetic latching relay, causing the tristable magnetic latching relay to enter its second stable operating state, disconnecting the main power circuit and connecting the auxiliary power circuit. Similarly, when the voltage of the auxiliary power circuit exceeds a preset voltage value, the control circuit flows current into the tristable magnetic latching relay, causing the tristable magnetic latching relay to enter its first stable operating state, disconnecting the auxiliary power circuit and connecting the main power circuit. This achieves the goal of automatically switching to the other power source when a problem occurs in one power source.

[0013] Therefore, when the load is overloaded or short-circuited, this solution directly utilizes the high current generated by the load to activate the tristable magnetic latching relay, providing protection. Compared with the existing method of collecting current signals, converting them into digital signals and then comparing and controlling them, this solution directly uses electrical actuation, which is safer and more stable, greatly improving reliability and reducing failure rates. Furthermore, if a problem occurs in one power source, the system can automatically switch to the other power source.

[0014] Furthermore, the tristable latching relay's normally closed or normally open state relies entirely on the action of a permanent magnet. Its switching state is triggered by a pulsed electrical signal of a certain width. Once the latching relay completes its state transition under the action of the pulse signal, the permanent magnet maintains that state, eliminating the need for continuous input current to maintain circuit conduction. The tristable latching relay's instantaneous power supply is environmentally friendly, energy-saving, and safe, effectively preventing coil burnout from long-term operation and significantly reducing the risk of accidents.

[0015] Preferably, the protection circuit includes a positive thermistor PTC, a resistor R4 and a rectifier bridge BR1, the positive thermistor PTC and the resistor R4 are connected in series and then in parallel with the secondary winding of the current transformer L1, and one end of the positive thermistor PTC is connected to the current output end of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1, one end of the resistor R4 is connected to the current input end of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1, one of the AC input ends of the rectifier bridge BR1 is connected to the current output end of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1, and the other AC input end of the rectifier bridge BR1 is connected between the positive thermistor PTC and the resistor R4, the two DC output ends of the rectifier bridge BR1 are connected to the two ends of the tristable magnetic latching relay J, and when the current flows from the rectifier bridge BR1 into the tristable magnetic latching relay J, the tristable magnetic latching relay J operates in a third stable working state.

[0016] In this way, when the load is working normally during use, the current of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1 is small, and the resistance value of the positive thermistor PTC is also small. At this time, the current flow path of the protection circuit is the positive thermistor PTC and the resistor R4; when the load is short-circuited or overloaded, the primary winding circuit of the current transformer L1 increases, thereby causing the secondary winding current of the current transformer L1 to increase sharply through mutual inductance. At this time, the resistance value of the positive thermistor PTC also increases sharply, which is equivalent to a short circuit at the positive thermistor PTC. At this time, the current of the protection circuit will flow into the tristable magnetic latching relay J through the rectifier bridge BR1. The current introduced will cause the tristable magnetic latching relay to be in the third stable working state. At this time, the tristable magnetic latching relay will simultaneously disconnect the main power circuit and the secondary power circuit, thereby achieving a protective effect.

[0017] Preferably, the protection circuit includes a resistor R1, a diode D1, a diode D2 and a transient diode DZ1, the resistor R1 and the diode D1 are both connected in parallel with the secondary winding of the current transformer L1, the cathode end of the transient diode DZ1 is connected to the current output end of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1, the anode end of the transient diode DZ1 is connected to one end of the tristable magnetic latching relay J, the other end of the tristable magnetic latching relay J is connected to the anode end of the diode D2, the cathode end of the diode D2 is connected to the current input end of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1, and when the current enters the tristable magnetic latching relay J from the end of the tristable magnetic latching relay J connected to the transient diode DZ1, the tristable magnetic latching relay J operates in a third stable working state.

[0018] In this way, when the electrical load is operating normally during use, the current in the secondary winding of the current transformer L1 is small and is insufficient to break down the transient diode DZ1. At this time, the transient diode DZ1 is in a high-resistance state, and the protection circuit is not conductive. When the load is short-circuited or overloaded, the primary winding circuit of the current transformer L1 increases, thereby greatly increasing the secondary winding current of the current transformer L1 through mutual inductance. The large current in the secondary winding of the current transformer L1 causes the transient diode DZ1 to break down. At this time, the transient diode DZ1 is in a low-resistance state, and current enters the tristable magnetic latching relay. The current introduced will cause the tristable magnetic latching relay to be in the third stable working state. At this time, the tristable magnetic latching relay simultaneously disconnects the main power circuit and the secondary power circuit, thereby achieving a protective effect.

[0019] Preferably, the bypass circuit includes a bidirectional switch K2A, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a light-emitting diode D3 and a light-emitting diode D4. The bidirectional switch K2A includes a common terminal and two connecting terminals. The common terminal of the bidirectional switch is connected to the live wire of the power supply circuit, one of the connecting terminals of the bidirectional switch K2A is connected to one end of the resistor R2, and the other connecting terminal of the bidirectional switch K2A is connected to one end of the resistor R3. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the anode of the light-emitting diode D3, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode D3 is connected to the neutral wire of the power supply circuit. The other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the anode of the light-emitting diode D4, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode D4 is connected to the neutral wire of the power supply circuit.

[0020] Preferably, the control circuit further includes a temperature acquisition circuit, a microprocessor, a drive circuit and a state monitoring circuit. The output ends of the voltage acquisition circuit, the current acquisition circuit and the temperature acquisition circuit are all connected to the input end of the microprocessor to transmit the acquired voltage, current and temperature data to the microprocessor. The microprocessor is provided with a voltage reference value, a current reference value and a temperature reference value. The output end of the microprocessor is connected to the input end of the drive circuit. The microprocessor compares the acquired voltage value with the voltage reference value, compares the acquired current value with the current reference value, and compares the acquired temperature value with the temperature reference value, and outputs a corresponding control signal to the drive circuit based on the comparison result. The output end of the drive circuit is connected to the tristable magnetic latching relay to control the tristable magnetic latching relay to be in a first stable working state, a second stable working state or a third stable working state according to the control signal of the microcontroller. The state monitoring circuit is used to monitor the working state of the tristable magnetic latching relay.

[0021] In this way, during the power supply process, the microcontroller compares the acquired voltage value with the voltage reference value, compares the acquired current value with the current reference value, and compares the acquired temperature value with the temperature reference value.

[0022] When the voltage value in the main power supply circuit is greater than or equal to the voltage reference value, if the voltage value in the auxiliary power supply circuit is less than the voltage reference value, the microprocessor controller sends a control signal to switch to the auxiliary power supply circuit to the controller, and the controller controls the three-stable magnetic latching relay to operate, so that the auxiliary power supply circuit and the load circuit are connected. If the voltage value in the auxiliary power supply circuit is greater than or equal to the voltage reference value, the microprocessor sends a control signal to switch to the off state to the controller, and the controller controls the three-stable magnetic latching relay to operate, so that both the main power supply circuit and the auxiliary power supply circuit are disconnected from the load circuit.

[0023] When the voltage value in the main power supply circuit is less than the voltage reference value, if the main power supply circuit is connected at this time, the microprocessor does not send a control signal to the controller, and the three-stable magnetic latching relay does not operate; if the auxiliary power supply circuit and the load circuit are connected at this time, the microprocessor sends a control signal to switch to the main power supply circuit to the controller, and the controller controls the three-stable magnetic latching relay to operate, so that the main power supply circuit and the load circuit are connected; if both the main power supply circuit and the auxiliary power supply circuit are disconnected from the load circuit at this time, the microprocessor sends a control signal to switch to the main power supply circuit to the controller, and the controller controls the three-stable magnetic latching relay to operate, so that the main power supply circuit and the load circuit are connected.

[0024] Preferably, the tristable magnetic latching relay further comprises a housing, and two groups of the relay devices are staggered in the longitudinal direction on the housing, the relay device comprises a reed mechanism and a relay mechanism, the reed mechanism comprises a static reed and a dynamic reed, wherein the static reeds in one group of the relay devices are connected to the main power circuit, and the static reeds in the other group of the relay devices are connected to the auxiliary power circuit, the static reeds are provided with static contacts, and the dynamic reeds are provided with dynamic contacts that can contact or separate with the static contacts, the relay mechanism comprises a coil frame, an iron core and a moving component, the axial sides of the iron core are fixed to the coil frame, a coil is wound on the iron core, and the coil frame is axially A left yoke and a right yoke are respectively provided on both sides. The motion assembly includes an armature assembly, a connecting piece and a push piece. The armature assembly is rotatably connected to the housing via a rotating shaft, and the armature assembly can reciprocate between positions in contact with the left yoke or the right yoke. The connecting piece is connected to the armature assembly so that the connecting piece can rotate with the armature assembly. The push piece is connected to the connecting piece so that when the connecting piece rotates in different directions, the push piece can be driven to move in different directions. The other end of the push piece is connected to the movable spring piece so that when the push piece moves in different directions, the movable contact on the movable spring piece can be driven to contact or separate with the static contact.

[0025] The locking mechanism includes two interlocking parts, which are respectively located on the two relay devices, and the interlocking parts can move synchronously with the corresponding rotating shaft. One of the interlocking parts can offset against the other interlocking part when moving synchronously with the corresponding rotating shaft in the forward direction to lock the other interlocking part, and can separate from the other interlocking part when moving synchronously with the corresponding rotating shaft in the reverse direction.

[0026] Thus, the forward movement direction in this scheme is the direction in which each part moves toward the static reed, and the reverse direction is the direction in which each part moves away from the static reed. The initial state is the state in which the moving contacts in the two sets of relay devices are not in contact with the static contacts.

[0027] The tristable magnetic latching relay of this solution has three working states when in use. The first working state is that the static contacts and the moving contacts in one set of relay devices are in contact, and the static contacts and the moving contacts in the other set of relay devices are separated. The second working state is that the static contacts and the moving contacts in one set of relay devices are separated, and the static contacts and the moving contacts in the other set of relay devices are in contact. The third working state is that the static contacts and the moving contacts in both sets of relay devices are in a separated state.

[0028] When the tristable magnetic latching relay needs to operate in the first or second working state, the coil in the relay device that requires the static contact and the moving contact to contact is energized, and the direction of the energization is such that the polarity generated by the left yoke and the right yoke in the group of relay devices can allow the armature assembly to rotate toward the static reed. At this time, the rotation of the armature assembly drives the connecting member to rotate, and the connecting member drives the push piece to move in the direction close to the static reed. The push piece further drives the moving reed to move toward the static reed. During the movement of the moving assembly in the group of relay devices, it will also drive the interlocking member of the group to move forward. When the interlocking member in the group of relay devices rotates forward, it will counteract the interlocking member in the other group of relay devices, thereby limiting the movement of the interlocking member in the other group of relay devices, avoiding the problem of the moving contact in the other group of relay devices moving to contact the static contact, thereby avoiding simultaneous conduction of the two paths and achieving the interlocking effect.

[0029] When the tristable magnetic latching relay is required to operate in the third state, the coil in the relay device in contact with the static contact and the moving contact is energized, and the direction of the energization is such that the polarity generated by the left yoke and the right yoke in the group of relay devices can cause the armature assembly to rotate in the direction away from the static reed. At this time, the rotation of the armature assembly drives the connecting piece to rotate, and the connecting piece drives the push piece to move in the direction away from the static reed. The push piece further drives the moving reed to move in the direction away from the static reed. The moving contact and the static contact in the group of relay devices are separated. At the same time, the interlocking piece in the group of relay devices moves in the opposite direction to the state of separation from the interlocking piece in the other group of relay devices. At this time, the static contacts and the moving contacts in the two groups of relay devices are in a separated state, and the tristable magnetic latching relay operates in the third state.

[0030] The interlocking part is arranged at one end of the connecting part away from the armature assembly, and the interlocking part includes a first interlocking portion and a second interlocking portion, the first interlocking portion and the second interlocking portion as a whole form an interlocking part of an L-shaped structure, the second interlocking portion of one of the interlocking parts spans the second interlocking portion of the other interlocking part, and the second interlocking portion of one of the interlocking parts is located on the forward movement path of the second interlocking portion of the other interlocking part, so that one of the interlocking parts can be against the other interlocking part when moving forward, and can be separated from the other interlocking part when moving reversely.

[0031] In this way, when the interlocking part of one of the relay devices moves forward, the interlocking part will move to a position where it abuts against the other interlocking part, thereby limiting the movement of the other interlocking part and avoiding the problem of the moving contact in the other set of relay devices moving to contact the static contact, thereby avoiding the simultaneous conduction of the two paths and achieving the interlocking effect.

[0032] Preferably, the locking mechanism includes a first interlocking part and a second interlocking part which are separated from each other in an initial state, the first interlocking part including a first convex arc portion and a first concave arc portion, the center of the first convex arc portion coincides with the rotation center of the first interlocking part, the second interlocking part includes a second convex arc portion and a second concave arc portion, the center of the second convex arc portion coincides with the rotation center of the second interlocking part, and when the first interlocking part rotates forward by a set angle, the first convex arc portion can extend into the second concave arc portion and abut against the second concave arc portion, and when the second interlocking part rotates forward by a set angle, the second convex arc portion can extend into the first concave arc portion and abut against the first concave arc portion.

[0033] In this way, the design of the first concave arc portion and the second concave arc portion can make the first interlocking part and the second interlocking part have a certain gap in the initial state, so as to realize the third working state of the magnetic holding relay. When the first interlocking part rotates forward, the first convex arc portion can rotate to the position of the second concave arc portion to interlock the second interlocking part. When the second interlocking part rotates forward, the second convex arc portion can rotate to the position of the first concave arc portion to interlock the first interlocking part, thereby ensuring the three-stable operation of the magnetic holding relay.

[0034] Preferably, when the first interlocking part rotates in the forward direction at an angle of 45°-105°, the first convex arc portion can extend into the second concave arc portion and abut against the second concave arc portion; and when the second interlocking part rotates in the forward direction at an angle of 45°-105°, the second convex arc portion can extend into the first concave arc portion and abut against the first concave arc portion.

[0035] Preferably, the interlocking parts are gears, which are connected to the rotating shaft, and the circumferential teeth and tooth grooves of the gears form a locking portion, and the teeth on the two gears have a gap in the initial state, so that the locking portion of one of the gears can abut against the locking portion of the other gear when moving forward, and can be separated from the locking portion of the other gear when moving backward.

[0036] In this way, when the armature assembly rotates, it will drive the shaft to rotate, and the rotation of the shaft will drive the gear to rotate. During the rotation of the gear, its teeth will contact the teeth of another gear. As the gear rotates further, the teeth of the gear will drive the other gear to rotate, thereby achieving a locking effect.

[0037] Preferably, the tristable magnetic latching relay further comprises a housing, two groups of the relay devices are symmetrically arranged on the housing along the axial direction, the relay device comprises a reed mechanism and a relay mechanism, the reed mechanism comprises a static reed and a dynamic reed, the static reeds in one group of the relay devices are connected to the main power circuit, and the static reeds in the other group of the relay devices are connected to the auxiliary power circuit, the static reeds are provided with a static contact, and the dynamic reeds are provided with a dynamic contact capable of contacting or separating with the static contact, the relay mechanism comprises a coil frame, an iron core and a moving component, the axial sides of the iron core are fixed to the coil frame, a coil is wound on the iron core, and the coil frame is axially A left yoke and a right yoke are respectively provided on both sides. The motion assembly includes an armature assembly, a connecting piece and a push piece. The armature assembly is rotatably connected to the housing via a rotating shaft, and the armature assembly can reciprocate between positions in contact with the left yoke or the right yoke. The connecting piece is connected to the armature assembly so that the connecting piece can rotate with the armature assembly. The push piece is connected to the connecting piece so that when the connecting piece rotates in different directions, the push piece can be driven to move in different directions. The other end of the push piece is connected to the movable spring piece so that when the push piece moves in different directions, the movable contact on the movable spring piece can be driven to contact or separate with the static contact.

[0038] The locking mechanism includes a first interlocking rod and a second interlocking rod, the first interlocking rod is connected to one end of one of the push pieces away from the movable spring piece, and the second interlocking rod is connected to the other end of the push piece away from the movable spring piece. The locking portion includes a first bent portion of the first interlocking rod away from one end of the push piece, and a second bent portion of the second interlocking rod away from one end of the push piece. The second bent portion spans the first bent portion and is directed toward the first bent portion, so that the first bent portion or the second bent portion can contact each other and move synchronously when moving forward, and separate from each other when moving backward.

[0039] In this way, when the first bending portion or the second bending portion moves forward, they can contact each other and move synchronously, so that when the static contact and the moving contact of one of the relay devices come into contact, the moving contact and the static contact of the other relay device will be synchronously driven to separate, thereby achieving an interlocking effect.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0041] 1. The tristable magnetic latching relay of this scheme has three working states and an intermediate position, which can realize double breaking and isolation functions. It is three-in-one, integrated, small in size, high in function, energy-saving and efficient, simple, practical, efficient and reliable, safe to use, and easy to maintain.

[0042] 2. The tri-stable magnetic latching relay of this solution also has the function of a circuit breaker, realizing the two-in-one functions of relay and circuit breaker. The tri-stable magnetic latching relay is switched to the middle position to realize the function of circuit breaker. At the same time, the left and right switching of the tri-stable magnetic latching relay can also realize automatic recovery of the circuit breaker function, realize the recoverable circuit breaker function, and realize instantaneous switching function, thereby greatly reducing or even eliminating the electric sparks generated during the switching process.

[0043] 3. The self-protection circuit of this solution can realize the short-circuit and overload protection functions of the power supply circuit to prevent fire. At the same time, the self-protection circuit of this solution is directly electrically executed, and the protection performance is more stable and reliable, reducing the unreliability of electronic protection and reducing the failure rate. At the same time, this solution also has the function of a circuit breaker, and there is no need to set up an additional circuit breaker, saving cost and space. At the same time, additional current overload protection, over-voltage protection, under-voltage protection, over-frequency protection, and over-zero switching can be added.

[0044] 4. This solution's dual-power automatic transfer switch protection circuit enables automatic switching between the primary and secondary power circuits, eliminating instantaneous switching without zero-crossing, and providing virtually uninterrupted power during switching. Furthermore, switching requires only a short pulse current input to trigger the tristable magnetic latching relay to complete the state transition. Maintaining the tristable magnetic latching relay's state does not rely on continuous current input. Therefore, this solution only requires a short pulse signal to complete the transition between the two power circuits. After the transition is complete, no continuous power supply is required to maintain the power circuit's conduction, thereby reducing the overall circuit's power consumption and operating costs. The tristable magnetic latching relay utilizes instantaneous power supply, making it energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and safe, effectively preventing coil burnout accidents caused by long-term operation and reducing the accident rate.

[0045] 5. The tristable magnetic latching relay in this solution can achieve interlocking, preventing the main and auxiliary power circuits from being simultaneously on. It can also quickly switch the left on and the right off, the left off and the right on, and can also double-break. This prevents the main and auxiliary power circuits from being simultaneously on, greatly improving safety. Furthermore, the interlock in this solution is mechanical, preventing conflicts and accidents that could occur only with logical electrical or electronic interlocks.

[0046] 6. The tristable magnetic latching relay of this scheme has three working states and an intermediate position, which can realize double breaking and isolation functions, is safe to use and convenient for maintenance.

[0047] 7. This solution uses the data acquisition module to collect data from the main power circuit and the auxiliary power circuit, and then realizes automatic switching and disconnection of the power circuit according to the collected information, thereby realizing long-distance network cloud control, network cloud platform monitoring and control, mobile phone APP operation, etc.

[0048] 8. The tristable magnetic latching relay of this solution has three working states, three-in-one, integrated, small size, high function, energy saving and high efficiency, simple, practical, efficient and reliable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 This is a connection block diagram of the dual power automatic switching device of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of zero-crossing switching in the dual power automatic switching device of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the self-protection circuit in the first embodiment of the dual power automatic switching device of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the self-protection circuit in the second embodiment of the dual power automatic switching device of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a tri-stable magnetic latching relay in a third embodiment of a dual power automatic switching device of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the armature assembly of the tristable magnetic latching relay in the third embodiment of the dual power automatic switching device of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a tri-stable magnetic latching relay in a fourth embodiment of a dual power automatic switching device of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of a tri-stable magnetic latching relay in a fourth embodiment of the dual power automatic switching device of the present invention when the first interlocking member locks the second interlocking member;

[0057] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the second interlocking member of the tristable magnetic latching relay in the fourth embodiment of the dual power automatic switching device of the present invention when the first interlocking member is locked;

[0058] Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of a tri-stable magnetic latching relay in a fifth embodiment of the dual power automatic switching device of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of a tri-stable magnetic latching relay in a sixth embodiment of the dual power automatic switching device of the present invention.

[0060] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: housing 1, static spring piece 2, static contact 201, movable spring piece 3, movable contact 301, pushing piece 4, connecting piece 5, pushing part 501, armature assembly 6, first armature part 601, second armature part 602, armature connecting part 603, coil frame 7, iron core 8, coil 9, rotating shaft 10, first interlocking piece 11, first convex arc part 1101, first concave arc part 1102, second interlocking piece 12, second convex arc part 1201, second concave arc part 1202, upper limit piece 13, lower limit piece 14, gear 15, first interlocking rod 16, first bending part 1601, second interlocking rod 17, second bending part 1701, first interlocking part 18, second interlocking part 19. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein should be the common meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0062] The words “first”, “second” and similar words used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms of “a”, “an” or “the” and similar words do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. Words such as “include” or “comprise” mean that the elements or objects appearing before “include” or “comprises” cover the features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components listed after “include” or “comprises”, and do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or their collections. “Up”, “down”, “left”, “right” and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0063] As attached Figure 1 As shown, a dual power automatic switching device includes a power supply circuit, a control circuit, an electrical direct protection circuit, a load, a current transformer L and a tristable magnetic latching dual-way switcher, wherein the power supply circuit includes a main power supply circuit and a secondary power supply circuit;

[0064] The tristable magnetic latching dual-way switch includes a tristable magnetic latching relay, which includes two groups of relay devices, one of which is capable of connecting to or disconnecting from a main power circuit, and the other is capable of connecting to or disconnecting from a secondary power circuit. The two groups of relay devices are interlocked by a locking mechanism, so that by controlling the two groups of relay devices, the tristable magnetic latching relay has a first stable operating state in which it is connected to the main power circuit and disconnected from the secondary power circuit, a second stable operating state in which it is connected to the secondary power circuit and disconnected from the main power circuit, and a third stable operating state in which it is disconnected from both the main power circuit and the secondary power circuit.

[0065] The electrical direct protection circuit includes a protection circuit and a bypass circuit. The bypass circuit is connected to the load through the primary winding of the current transformer L1. The protection circuit is connected to the tristable magnetic latching relay through the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. When the current of the load is less than the preset current value, the bypass circuit is turned on. When the current of the load is greater than or equal to the preset current value, the protection circuit is turned on and current is passed into the tristable magnetic latching relay, so that the tristable magnetic latching relay is in the third stable working state.

[0066] The control circuit includes a voltage acquisition circuit and a current acquisition circuit. The current acquisition circuit is connected to the current transformer L1 and is used to acquire the current on the current transformer L1. The voltage acquisition circuit is connected to the main power circuit and the auxiliary power circuit and is used to respectively acquire the voltages of the main power circuit and the auxiliary power circuit. When the voltage acquisition circuit acquires that the voltage of the main power circuit is greater than the preset voltage value, the control circuit passes current into the tristable magnetic latching relay to place the tristable magnetic latching relay in the second stable working state. When the voltage acquisition circuit acquires that the voltage of the auxiliary power circuit is greater than the preset voltage value, the control circuit passes current into the tristable magnetic latching relay to place the tristable magnetic latching relay in the first stable working state.

[0067] In this way, when the dual power automatic switching device of this scheme is in use, the three-stable magnetic latching relay is used to connect or disconnect the power circuit. At the same time, since the two groups of relay devices of the three-stable magnetic latching relay are interlocked by the locking mechanism, only one of the two groups of relay devices is turned on, so that the three-stable magnetic latching relay has a first stable working state in which it is connected to the main power circuit and disconnected from the auxiliary power circuit, a second stable working state in which it is connected to the auxiliary power circuit and disconnected from the main power circuit, and a third stable working state in which it is disconnected from both the main power circuit and the auxiliary power circuit.

[0068] When the load is working normally during use, the current in the secondary winding of the current transformer L1 is small, the bypass circuit is turned on, and the protection circuit is not turned on. At this time, the power circuit is working normally. When the load is short-circuited or overloaded, the current in the primary winding of the current transformer L1 connected to the load increases, thereby causing the current in the secondary winding of the current transformer L1 to increase greatly through mutual inductance. The large current in the secondary winding of the current transformer L1 causes the protection circuit to be turned on, and the protection circuit is turned on and current is passed into the tri-stable magnetic latching relay. The current passed in will cause the tri-stable magnetic latching relay to be in the third stable working state. At this time, the magnetic latching relay simultaneously disconnects the main power circuit and the auxiliary power circuit, thereby achieving a protective effect.

[0069] At the same time, the voltage acquisition circuit continuously samples the voltages of the main power circuit and the auxiliary power circuit. When the voltage of the main power circuit exceeds a preset voltage value, the control circuit flows current into the tristable magnetic latching relay, causing the tristable magnetic latching relay to enter its second stable operating state, disconnecting the main power circuit and connecting the auxiliary power circuit. Similarly, when the voltage of the auxiliary power circuit exceeds a preset voltage value, the control circuit flows current into the tristable magnetic latching relay, causing the tristable magnetic latching relay to enter its first stable operating state, disconnecting the auxiliary power circuit and connecting the main power circuit. This achieves the goal of automatically switching to the other power source when a problem occurs in one power source.

[0070] Therefore, when the load is overloaded or short-circuited, this solution directly utilizes the high current generated by the load to activate the tristable magnetic latching relay, providing protection. Compared with the existing method of collecting current signals, converting them into digital signals and then comparing and controlling them, this solution directly uses electrical actuation, which is safer and more stable, greatly improving reliability and reducing failure rates. Furthermore, if a problem occurs in one power source, the system can automatically switch to the other power source.

[0071] Furthermore, the tristable latching relay's normally closed or normally open state relies entirely on the action of a permanent magnet. Its switching state is triggered by a pulsed electrical signal of a certain width. Once the latching relay completes its state transition under the action of the pulse signal, the permanent magnet maintains that state, eliminating the need for continuous input current to maintain circuit conduction. The tristable latching relay's instantaneous power supply is environmentally friendly, energy-saving, and safe, effectively preventing coil burnout from long-term operation and significantly reducing the risk of accidents.

[0072] This solution can also realize zero-crossing switching, as shown in the attached Figure 2As shown, in the zero-crossing switching algorithm, by sampling each voltage and current, taking the lowest point of the current transformer current detection as the benchmark, the time (phase) difference t0 between the main power circuit voltage U and the main power current I is obtained. The early acquisition delay time of the main power circuit current I and the current transformer current i is t1 (this parameter can also be obtained from the parameters provided by the current transformer manufacturer), V is the tri-stable magnetic latching relay coil voltage, t2 is the start time of the tri-stable magnetic latching relay coil being energized, t5 is the time when the tri-stable magnetic latching relay coil is energized, and the circuit delay and trigger time of the tri-stable magnetic latching relay coil being energized after the disconnect command is issued are shown in FIG. The total execution delay time of the mechanical delay of the disconnection point is t3, and t6 is the arcing time (the time from the start of arcing to the main current being 0 after the contacts of the tri-stable magnetic latching relay coil are disconnected to the time when the arcing is extinguished). It can be concluded that the theoretical advance time for the start of energizing the tri-stable magnetic latching relay coil to issue a control command is t4=t3+t1+t6. In practice, after calibrating and fine-tuning the parameters of t4 many times, the time from the coil being energized to the detection of the current transformer current being 0 is close to t3+t1. Through multiple tests and optimization approximation, the arcing time t6 is the shortest and close to 0, the arcing is the shortest and the arcing is the fastest, and the purpose of zero-crossing switching is achieved.

[0073] During the life cycle of the device, due to changes in factors such as elastic decay, the above-mentioned automatic detection and self-learning are repeated continuously to achieve dynamic adjustment and optimization.

[0074] Example 1:

[0075] As attached Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the protection circuit includes a positive thermistor PTC, a resistor R4 and a rectifier bridge BR1. The positive thermistor PTC and the resistor R4 are connected in series and then in parallel with the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. One end of the positive thermistor PTC is connected to the current output end of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1, and one end of the resistor R4 is connected to the current input end of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. One AC input end of the rectifier bridge BR1 is connected to the current output end of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1, and the other AC input end of the rectifier bridge BR1 is connected between the positive thermistor PTC and the resistor R4. Two DC output ends of the rectifier bridge BR1 are connected to two ends of the tristable magnetic latching relay J. When current flows from the rectifier bridge BR1 into the tristable magnetic latching relay J, the tristable magnetic latching relay J operates in a third stable working state.

[0076] In this way, when the load is operating normally during use, the current in the secondary winding of the current transformer L1 is small, and the resistance value of the positive thermistor PTC is also small. At this time, the current flow path of the protection circuit is the positive thermistor PTC and the resistor R4; when the load is short-circuited or overloaded, the primary winding circuit of the current transformer L1 increases, thereby causing the secondary winding current of the current transformer L1 to increase sharply through mutual inductance. At this time, the resistance value of the positive thermistor PTC also increases sharply, which is equivalent to a short circuit at the positive thermistor PTC. At this time, the current of the protection circuit will flow into the tristable magnetic latching relay J through the rectifier bridge BR1. The current introduced will cause the tristable magnetic latching relay J to be in the third stable working state. At this time, the tristable magnetic latching relay J will simultaneously disconnect the main power circuit and the secondary power circuit, thereby achieving a protective effect.

[0077] In this embodiment, the bypass circuit includes a bidirectional switch K2A, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a light-emitting diode D3, and a light-emitting diode D4. The bidirectional switch K2A includes a common terminal and two connecting terminals. The common terminal of the bidirectional switch is connected to the live wire of the power supply circuit, one of the connecting terminals of the bidirectional switch K2A is connected to one end of the resistor R2, the other connecting terminal of the bidirectional switch K2A is connected to one end of the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the anode of the light-emitting diode D3, the cathode of the light-emitting diode D3 is connected to the neutral wire of the power supply circuit, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the anode of the light-emitting diode D4, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode D4 is connected to the neutral wire of the power supply circuit.

[0078] In this embodiment, the control circuit also includes a temperature acquisition circuit, a microprocessor, a drive circuit and a state monitoring circuit. The output ends of the voltage acquisition circuit, the current acquisition circuit and the temperature acquisition circuit are all connected to the input end of the microprocessor to transmit the acquired voltage, current and temperature data to the microprocessor. The microprocessor is provided with a voltage reference value, a current reference value and a temperature reference value. The output end of the microprocessor is connected to the input end of the drive circuit. The microprocessor compares the acquired voltage value with the voltage reference value, compares the acquired current value with the current reference value, and compares the acquired temperature value with the temperature reference value, and outputs a corresponding control signal to the drive circuit based on the comparison result. The output end of the drive circuit is connected to the tristable magnetic latching relay to control the tristable magnetic latching relay to be in a first stable working state, a second stable working state or a third stable working state according to the control signal of the microcontroller. The state monitoring circuit is used to monitor the working state of the tristable magnetic latching relay. Specifically, the state monitoring circuit is used to monitor the state of each contact in the tristable magnetic latching relay. By monitoring the state of each contact, the working state information of the tristable magnetic latching relay can be obtained to ensure the electrical interlocking effect of the tristable magnetic latching relay.

[0079] In this way, during the power supply process, the microcontroller compares the acquired voltage value with the voltage reference value, compares the acquired current value with the current reference value, and compares the acquired temperature value with the temperature reference value.

[0080] When the voltage value in the main power supply circuit is greater than or equal to the voltage reference value, if the voltage value in the auxiliary power supply circuit is less than the voltage reference value, the microprocessor controller sends a control signal to switch to the auxiliary power supply circuit to the controller, and the controller controls the three-stable magnetic latching relay to operate, so that the auxiliary power supply circuit and the load circuit are connected. If the voltage value in the auxiliary power supply circuit is greater than or equal to the voltage reference value, the microprocessor sends a control signal to switch to the off state to the controller, and the controller controls the three-stable magnetic latching relay to operate, so that both the main power supply circuit and the auxiliary power supply circuit are disconnected from the load circuit.

[0081] When the voltage value in the main power supply circuit is less than the voltage reference value, if the main power supply circuit is connected at this time, the microprocessor does not send a control signal to the controller, and the three-stable magnetic latching relay does not operate; if the auxiliary power supply circuit and the load circuit are connected at this time, the microprocessor sends a control signal to switch to the main power supply circuit to the controller, and the controller controls the three-stable magnetic latching relay to operate, so that the main power supply circuit and the load circuit are connected; if both the main power supply circuit and the auxiliary power supply circuit are disconnected from the load circuit at this time, the microprocessor sends a control signal to switch to the main power supply circuit to the controller, and the controller controls the three-stable magnetic latching relay to operate, so that the main power supply circuit and the load circuit are connected.

[0082] Example 2:

[0083] As attached Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the protection circuit includes a resistor R1, a diode D1, a diode D2, and a transient diode DZ1. The resistor R1 and the diode D1 are both connected in parallel with the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. The cathode terminal of the transient diode DZ1 is connected to the current output terminal of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. The anode terminal of the transient diode DZ1 is connected to one end of the tristable magnetic latching relay J. The other end of the tristable magnetic latching relay J is connected to the anode terminal of the diode D2. The cathode terminal of the diode D2 is connected to the current input terminal of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. When the current enters the tristable magnetic latching relay J from the end of the tristable magnetic latching relay J connected to the transient diode DZ1, the tristable magnetic latching relay J operates in the third stable working state.

[0084] In this way, when the electrical load is operating normally during use, the current in the secondary winding of the current transformer L1 is small and insufficient to break down the transient diode DZ1. At this time, the transient diode DZ1 is in a high-resistance state, and the protection circuit is not conductive. When the load is short-circuited or overloaded, the primary winding circuit of the current transformer L1 increases, thereby greatly increasing the secondary winding current of the current transformer L1 through mutual induction. The large current in the secondary winding of the current transformer L1 causes the transient diode DZ1 to break down. At this time, the transient diode DZ1 is in a low-resistance state, and current enters the tristable magnetic latching relay J. The current introduced will cause the tristable magnetic latching relay J to be in the third stable working state. At this time, the tristable magnetic latching relay J simultaneously disconnects the main power circuit and the secondary power circuit, thereby achieving a protective effect.

[0085] Example 3:

[0086] As attached Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the tristable magnetic latching relay further includes a housing 1, and two groups of relay devices are staggered along the longitudinal direction and arranged on the housing 1. The relay device includes a reed mechanism and a relay mechanism. The reed mechanism includes a static reed 2 and a dynamic reed 3. The static reed 2 in one group of relay devices is connected to the main power circuit, and the static reed 2 in the other group of relay devices is connected to the auxiliary power circuit. The static reed 2 is provided with a static contact 201, and the dynamic reed 3 is provided with a dynamic contact 301 that can contact or separate with the static contact 201. The relay mechanism includes a coil frame 7, an iron core 8, and a moving component. The axial sides of the iron core 8 are fixed to the coil frame 7, and a coil 9 is wound on the iron core 8. A left yoke and a right yoke are respectively provided on both sides of the axial direction of 7. The motion assembly includes an armature assembly 6, a connecting member 5 and a push piece 4. The armature assembly 6 is rotatably connected to the housing 1 through a rotating shaft 10, and the armature assembly 6 can reciprocate between positions in contact with the left yoke or the right yoke. The connecting member 5 is connected to the armature assembly 6 so that the connecting member 5 can rotate with the armature assembly 6. The push piece 4 is connected to the connecting member 5 so that when the connecting member 5 rotates in different directions, the push piece 4 can be driven to move in different directions. The other end of the push piece 4 is connected to the movable spring piece 3 so that when the push piece 4 moves in different directions, the movable contact 301 on the movable spring piece 3 can be driven to contact or separate with the static contact 201.

[0087] The locking mechanism includes two interlocking parts, which are respectively located on two relay devices, and the interlocking parts can move synchronously with the corresponding rotating shaft 10. One of the interlocking parts can offset against the other interlocking part when moving synchronously with the corresponding rotating shaft 10 in the forward direction to lock the other interlocking part, and can separate from the other interlocking part when moving synchronously with the corresponding rotating shaft 10 in the reverse direction.

[0088] Thus, the forward movement direction in this solution is the direction in which each part moves toward the static reed 2, and the reverse direction is the direction in which each part moves away from the static reed 2. The initial state is a state in which the moving contacts 301 in the two sets of relay devices are not in contact with the static contacts 201.

[0089] The tristable magnetic latching relay of this solution has three working states when in use. The first working state is that the static contact 201 and the movable contact 301 in one set of relay devices are in contact, and the static contact 201 and the movable contact 301 in the other set of relay devices are separated. The second working state is that the static contact 201 and the movable contact 301 in one set of relay devices are separated, and the static contact 201 and the movable contact 301 in the other set of relay devices are in contact. The third working state is that the static contacts 201 and the movable contacts 301 in both sets of relay devices are in a separated state.

[0090] When the tri-stable magnetic latching relay needs to operate in the first or second working state, the coil 9 in the relay device that requires the static contact 201 and the moving contact 301 to contact is energized, and the direction of the energization is such that the polarity generated by the left yoke and the right yoke in the group of relay devices can allow the armature assembly 6 to rotate toward the static spring 2. At this time, the armature assembly 6 rotates to drive the connecting member 5 to rotate, and the connecting member 5 drives the push piece 4 to move toward the static spring 2. The push piece 4 further drives the moving spring 3 to move toward the static spring 2. During the movement of the moving component in the group of relay devices, it will also drive the interlocking parts of the group to move forward. When the interlocking parts in the group of relay devices rotate forward, they will counteract the interlocking parts in the other group of relay devices, thereby limiting the movement of the interlocking parts in the other group of relay devices, avoiding the problem of the moving contact 301 in the other group of relay devices moving to contact the static contact 201, thereby avoiding simultaneous conduction of the two paths and achieving the interlocking effect.

[0091] When the tri-stable magnetic latching relay is required to operate in the third state, the coil 9 in the relay device in contact with the static contact 201 and the moving contact 301 is energized, and the direction of the energization is such that the polarity generated by the left yoke and the right yoke in the group of relay devices can allow the armature assembly 6 to rotate in the direction away from the static reed 2. At this time, the rotation of the armature assembly 6 drives the connecting member 5 to rotate, and the connecting member 5 drives the push piece 4 to move in the direction away from the static reed 2. The push piece 4 further drives the moving reed 3 to move in the direction away from the static reed 2. The moving contact 301 and the static contact 201 in the group of relay devices are separated. At the same time, the interlocking member in the group of relay devices moves in the opposite direction to the state of being separated from the interlocking member in the other group of relay devices. At this time, the static contacts 201 and the moving contacts 301 in the two groups of relay devices are in a separated state, and the tri-stable magnetic latching relay operates in the third state.

[0092] In this embodiment, the interlocking member is arranged at one end of the connecting member 5 away from the armature assembly 6, and the interlocking member includes a first interlocking portion 18 and a second interlocking portion 19. The first interlocking portion 18 and the second interlocking portion 19 form an L-shaped interlocking member as a whole, in which the second interlocking portion 19 of one interlocking member spans the second interlocking portion 19 of the other interlocking member, and the second interlocking portion 19 of one interlocking member is located on the forward movement path of the second interlocking portion 19 of the other interlocking member, so that one of the interlocking members can be offset against the other interlocking member when moving forward, and can be separated from the other interlocking member when moving reversely.

[0093] In this way, when the interlocking part of one of the relay devices moves in the forward direction, the interlocking part will move to a position where it abuts against the other interlocking part, thereby limiting the movement of the other interlocking part and avoiding the problem that the moving contact 301 in the other group of relay devices moves to contact the static contact 201, thereby avoiding the simultaneous conduction of the two paths and achieving the interlocking effect.

[0094] As attached Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the armature assembly 6 includes a first armature part 601, an armature connecting part 603 and a second armature part 602. The first armature part 601, the armature connecting part 603 and the second armature part 602 are overall I-shaped, the armature connecting part 603 is located between the left yoke and the right yoke, and the first armature part 601 and the second armature part 602 have different polarities.

[0095] In this way, the polarities of the first armature part 601 and the second armature part 602 are opposite, so that the left yoke and the right yoke exert different forces on the two armature parts, that is, one side attracts while the other side repels, thereby further increasing the rotation speed of the armature assembly 6 and thus increasing the response speed of the magnetic holding relay.

[0096] In this embodiment, an operating lever is further provided on the rotating shaft 10 , and an operating end of the operating lever extends out of the housing 1 so that the relay device can be operated through the operating end of the operating lever.

[0097] In this way, by providing an operating lever, the rotating shaft 10 can be operated by the operating lever, and the state of the magnetic latching relay can be switched manually.

[0098] Example 4:

[0099] As attached Figure 7As shown, in this embodiment, the locking mechanism includes a first interlocking member 11 and a second interlocking member 12 which are separated from each other in an initial state, the first interlocking member 11 includes a first convex arc portion 1101 and a first concave arc portion 1102, the center of the first convex arc portion 1101 coincides with the rotation center of the first interlocking member 11, the second interlocking member 12 includes a second convex arc portion 1201 and a second concave arc portion 1202, the center of the second convex arc portion 1201 coincides with the rotation center of the second interlocking member 12, and when the first interlocking member 11 rotates forward to a set angle, the first convex arc portion 1101 can extend into the second concave arc portion 1202 and abut against the second concave arc portion 1202 (as shown in the attached figure). Figure 8 As shown in FIG), when the second interlocking member 12 is rotated forward to a set angle, the second convex arc portion 1201 can extend into the first concave arc portion 1102 and abut against the first concave arc portion 1102 (as shown in FIG). Figure 9 shown).

[0100] In this way, the design of the first concave arc portion 1102 and the second concave arc portion 1202 can make the first interlocking part 11 and the second interlocking part 12 have a certain gap in the initial state, so as to realize the third working state of the magnetic holding relay. When the first interlocking part 11 rotates forward, the first convex arc portion 1101 can rotate to the position of the second concave arc portion 1202 to interlock the second interlocking part 12. When the second interlocking part 12 rotates forward, the second convex arc portion 1201 can rotate to the position of the first concave arc portion 1102 to interlock the first interlocking part 11, thereby ensuring the three-stable operation of the magnetic holding relay.

[0101] In this embodiment, when the first interlocking part 11 rotates in the forward direction at an angle of 45°-105°, the first convex arc portion 1101 can extend into the second concave arc portion 1202 and abut against the second concave arc portion 1202; when the second interlocking part 12 rotates in the forward direction at an angle of 45°-105°, the second convex arc portion 1201 can extend into the first concave arc portion 1102 and abut against the first concave arc portion 1102.

[0102] In this embodiment, the connecting member 5 includes a connecting portion and a pushing portion 501 with a spherical structure. The connecting portion is connected to the armature assembly 6. A slot for accommodating the pushing portion 501 is opened on the pushing piece 4. The pushing portion 501 extends into the slot, and the width of the slot is adapted to the diameter of the spherical structure pushing portion 501, so that the pushing portion 501 can push the pushing piece 4 to move when it rotates. An upper limit member 13 and a lower limit member 14 are also provided on the shell 1. The pushing piece 4 is located between the upper limit member 13 and the lower limit member 14, so that the pushing piece 4 can move linearly between the upper limit member 13 and the lower limit member 14.

[0103] In this way, the pushing portion 501 is designed as a spherical structure, and the upper limit member 13 and the lower limit member 14 are used to limit the movement of the pushing piece 4 up and down. In this way, when the connecting member 5 rotates under the drive of the armature assembly 6, the pushing portion 501 will rotate in the slot, and under the action of the upper and lower limit members 14, the pushing portion 501 will push the pushing piece 4 to move in a straight line direction, and then convert the rotation of the armature assembly 6 into a linear motion of the pushing piece 4, so that the pushing piece 4 can drive the moving contact 301 of the moving spring piece 3 to accurately contact the static contact 201.

[0104] In this embodiment, the height of the pushing portion 501 extending into the slot is greater than the radius of the pushing portion 501 .

[0105] In this way, the acting force between the pushing portion 501 and the pushing piece 4 can be maintained, so that the pushing portion 501 can effectively push the pushing piece 4 to move to the corresponding position.

[0106] Embodiment 5:

[0107] As attached Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, the interlocking part is a gear 15, which is connected to the rotating shaft 10. The circumferential teeth and tooth grooves of the gear 15 form a locking portion, and the teeth on the two gears 15 have a gap in the initial state, so that the locking portion of one gear 15 can abut against the locking portion of the other gear 15 when moving forward, and can be separated from the locking portion of the other gear 15 when moving backward.

[0108] In this way, when the armature assembly 6 rotates, it will drive the rotating shaft 10 to rotate, and the rotation of the rotating shaft 10 will drive the gear 15 to rotate. During the rotation of the gear 15, its teeth will contact the teeth of another gear 15. As the gear 15 rotates further, the gear teeth of the gear 15 will drive the other gear 15 to rotate, thereby achieving a locking effect.

[0109] Example 6:

[0110] As attached Figure 11As shown, in this embodiment, the tristable magnetic latching relay further includes a housing 1, and two groups of relay devices are symmetrically arranged on the housing 1 along the axial direction. The relay device includes a reed mechanism and a relay mechanism. The reed mechanism includes a static reed 2 and a dynamic reed 3. The static reed 2 in one group of relay devices is connected to the main power circuit, and the static reed 2 in the other group of relay devices is connected to the auxiliary power circuit. The static reed 2 is provided with a static contact 201, and the dynamic reed 3 is provided with a dynamic contact 301 that can contact or separate with the static contact 201. The relay mechanism includes a coil frame 7, an iron core 8, and a moving component. The axial sides of the iron core 8 are fixed to the coil frame 7, and a coil 9 is wound on the iron core 8. A left yoke and a right yoke are respectively provided on both sides of the axial direction of 7. The motion assembly includes an armature assembly 6, a connecting member 5 and a push piece 4. The armature assembly 6 is rotatably connected to the housing 1 through a rotating shaft 10, and the armature assembly 6 can reciprocate between positions in contact with the left yoke or the right yoke. The connecting member 5 is connected to the armature assembly 6 so that the connecting member 5 can rotate with the armature assembly 6. The push piece 4 is connected to the connecting member 5 so that when the connecting member 5 rotates in different directions, the push piece 4 can be driven to move in different directions. The other end of the push piece 4 is connected to the movable spring piece 3 so that when the push piece 4 moves in different directions, the movable contact 301 on the movable spring piece 3 can be driven to contact or separate with the static contact 201.

[0111] The locking mechanism includes a first interlocking rod 16 and a second interlocking rod 17. The first interlocking rod 16 is connected to the end of one of the push plates 4 away from the dynamic spring plate 3, and the second interlocking rod 17 is connected to the end of the other push plate 4 away from the dynamic spring plate 3. The locking part includes a first bent portion 1601 at the end of the first interlocking rod 16 away from the push plate 4, and a second bent portion 1701 at the end of the second interlocking rod 17 away from the push plate 4. The second bent portion 1701 spans the first bent portion 1601 and is directed toward the first bent portion 1601, so that the first bent portion 1601 or the second bent portion 1701 can contact each other and move synchronously when moving forward, and separate from each other when moving backward.

[0112] In this way, when the first bending portion 1601 or the second bending portion 1701 moves forward, they can contact each other and move synchronously. In this way, when the static contact 201 and the moving contact 301 of one of the relay devices come into contact, the moving contact 301 and the static contact 201 of the other relay device will be synchronously driven to separate, thereby achieving an interlocking effect.

[0113] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The tri-stable magnetic latching relay of this solution has three operating states and a middle position, which can achieve double breaking and isolation functions. It is a three-in-one, integrated, compact, high-functionality, energy-saving and efficient, simple, practical, efficient and reliable, safe to use, and easy to maintain. The tri-stable magnetic latching relay of this solution also has the function of a circuit breaker, achieving a two-in-one relay and circuit breaker functions. The tri-stable magnetic latching relay is switched to the middle position to achieve the circuit breaker function. At the same time, the tri-stable magnetic latching relay can further achieve automatic recovery of the circuit breaker function by switching left and right, realizing a recoverable circuit breaker function, and can achieve instantaneous switching function, thereby greatly reducing or even eliminating the electric spark generated during the switching process. The self-protection circuit of this solution can provide short-circuit and overload protection for the power supply circuit, preventing fire. At the same time, the self-protection circuit of this solution is directly implemented electrically, making the protection performance more stable and reliable, reducing the unreliability of electronic protection and lowering the failure rate. At the same time, this solution also has the function of a circuit breaker, eliminating the need for an additional circuit breaker, saving cost and space. At the same time, it can also provide additional current overload protection, over-voltage protection, over-frequency protection, and supplemented by zero-crossing switching. The dual-power automatic switching switch protection circuit of this solution can achieve automatic switching between the main and auxiliary power supply circuits without instantaneous fast switching through zero, and basically uninterrupted power supply during switching. At the same time, only a short pulse current is required to complete the state transition of the tristable magnetic latching relay. The state maintenance of the tristable magnetic latching relay does not rely on continuous current input. Therefore, this solution only needs to provide a short pulse signal to complete the transition between the two power supply circuits. At the same time, after the transition is completed, no continuous power supply is required to maintain the power supply circuit conduction, thereby reducing the power consumption and usage cost of the entire circuit. The tri-stable magnetic latching relay adopts instantaneous power supply, which is green, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, safe, and effectively avoids the accident of coil 9 burning out due to long-term operation, thus reducing the accident rate. The tri-stable magnetic latching relay of this solution can realize interlocking, so that the main and auxiliary power circuits cannot be turned on at the same time. At the same time, it can quickly turn the left on and the right off, the left off and the right on, and can also be double-disconnected. This avoids the situation where the main and auxiliary power circuits are turned on at the same time, greatly improving the safety performance of use. At the same time, the interlock of this solution is mechanical interlocking. Through physical mechanical interlocking, it can prevent conflicts and prevent accidents that are possible only when there is logical electrical or electronic interlocking. The tri-stable magnetic latching relay of this solution has three working states and an intermediate position, which can realize double disconnection and isolation function, safe use and convenient maintenance. This solution uses a data acquisition module to collect data from the main power circuit and the auxiliary power circuit, and then realizes automatic switching and disconnection of the power circuit according to the collected situation, so as to realize remote network cloud control, network cloud platform monitoring and control, mobile phone APP operation, etc. The tristable magnetic latching relay of this solution has three working states, three-in-one, integrated, small size, high function, energy saving and high efficiency, simple, practical, efficient and reliable.

[0114] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the technical solutions. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions of the present invention that do not depart from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual power automatic switching device, characterized in that: It includes a power supply circuit, a control circuit, an electrical direct protection circuit, a load, a current transformer L and a tristable magnetic latching dual-way switch, wherein the power supply circuit includes a main power supply circuit and a secondary power supply circuit; The tristable magnetic latching dual-way switch includes a tristable magnetic latching relay, which includes two groups of relay devices, one of which is capable of connecting to or disconnecting from the main power circuit, and the other is capable of connecting to or disconnecting from the auxiliary power circuit. The two groups of relay devices are interlocked by a locking mechanism, so that by controlling the two groups of relay devices, the tristable magnetic latching relay has a first stable operating state in which it is connected to the main power circuit and disconnected from the auxiliary power circuit, a second stable operating state in which it is connected to the auxiliary power circuit and disconnected from the main power circuit, and a third stable operating state in which it is disconnected from both the main power circuit and the auxiliary power circuit. The electrical direct protection circuit includes a protection circuit and a bypass circuit, wherein the bypass circuit is connected to the load through the primary winding of the current transformer L1, and the protection circuit is connected to the tristable magnetic latching relay through the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. When the current of the load is less than a preset current value, the bypass circuit is turned on. When the current of the load is greater than or equal to the preset current value, the protection circuit is turned on and current is passed into the tristable magnetic latching relay, so that the tristable magnetic latching relay is in a third stable working state. The control circuit includes a voltage acquisition circuit and a current acquisition circuit. The current acquisition circuit is connected to the current transformer L1 and is used to acquire the current on the current transformer L1. The voltage acquisition circuit is connected to the main power supply circuit and the auxiliary power supply circuit and is used to respectively acquire the voltages of the main power supply circuit and the auxiliary power supply circuit. When the voltage acquisition circuit detects that the voltage of the main power supply circuit is greater than a preset voltage value, the control circuit passes current into the tristable magnetic latching relay to place the tristable magnetic latching relay in a second stable working state. When the voltage acquisition circuit detects that the voltage of the auxiliary power supply circuit is greater than the preset voltage value, the control circuit passes current into the tristable magnetic latching relay to place the tristable magnetic latching relay in a first stable working state.

2. The dual power automatic switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection circuit includes a positive thermistor PTC, a resistor R4 and a rectifier bridge BR1. The positive thermistor PTC and the resistor R4 are connected in series and then in parallel with the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. One end of the positive thermistor PTC is connected to the current output end of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1, and one end of the resistor R4 is connected to the current input end of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. One of the AC input ends of the rectifier bridge BR1 is connected to the current output end of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1, and the other AC input end of the rectifier bridge BR1 is connected between the positive thermistor PTC and the resistor R4. The two DC output ends of the rectifier bridge BR1 are connected to the two ends of the tristable magnetic latching relay J. When current flows from the rectifier bridge BR1 into the tristable magnetic latching relay J, the tristable magnetic latching relay J operates in a third stable working state.

3. The dual power automatic switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection circuit includes a resistor R1, a diode D1, a diode D2 and a transient diode DZ1. The resistor R1 and the diode D1 are both connected in parallel with the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. The cathode terminal of the transient diode DZ1 is connected to the current output terminal of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. The anode terminal of the transient diode DZ1 is connected to one end of the tristable magnetic latching relay J. The other end of the tristable magnetic latching relay J is connected to the anode terminal of the diode D2. The cathode terminal of the diode D2 is connected to the current input terminal of the secondary winding of the current transformer L1. When current enters the tristable magnetic latching relay J from the end of the tristable magnetic latching relay J connected to the transient diode DZ1, the tristable magnetic latching relay J operates in a third stable working state.

4. The dual power automatic switching device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The bypass loop includes a bidirectional switch K2A, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a light-emitting diode D3, and a light-emitting diode D4. The bidirectional switch K2A includes a common terminal and two connecting terminals. The common terminal of the bidirectional switch is connected to the live wire of the power supply circuit, one connecting terminal of the bidirectional switch K2A is connected to one end of the resistor R2, and the other connecting terminal of the bidirectional switch K2A is connected to one end of the resistor R3. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the anode of the light-emitting diode D3, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode D3 is connected to the neutral wire of the power supply circuit. The other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the anode of the light-emitting diode D4, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode D4 is connected to the neutral wire of the power supply circuit.

5. The dual power automatic switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control circuit also includes a temperature acquisition circuit, a microprocessor, a drive circuit, and a state monitoring circuit. The output ends of the voltage acquisition circuit, the current acquisition circuit, and the temperature acquisition circuit are all connected to the input end of the microprocessor to transmit the acquired voltage, current, and temperature data to the microprocessor. The microprocessor is provided with a voltage reference value, a current reference value, and a temperature reference value. The output end of the microprocessor is connected to the input end of the drive circuit. The microprocessor compares the acquired voltage value with the voltage reference value, compares the acquired current value with the current reference value, and compares the acquired temperature value with the temperature reference value, and outputs a corresponding control signal to the drive circuit based on the comparison result. The output end of the drive circuit is connected to the tristable magnetic latching relay to control the tristable magnetic latching relay to be in a first stable working state, a second stable working state, or a third stable working state according to the control signal of the microprocessor. The state monitoring circuit is used to monitor the working state of the tristable magnetic latching relay.

6. The dual power automatic switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tristable magnetic latching relay further comprises a housing, wherein two groups of relay devices are staggered in the longitudinal direction on the housing, wherein the relay device comprises a reed mechanism and a relay mechanism, wherein the reed mechanism comprises a static reed and a dynamic reed, wherein the static reeds in one group of relay devices are connected to the main power circuit, and the static reeds in the other group of relay devices are connected to the auxiliary power circuit, wherein the static reeds are provided with static contacts, and the dynamic reeds are provided with dynamic contacts capable of contacting or separating with the static contacts, and wherein the relay mechanism comprises a coil frame, an iron core and a moving assembly, wherein the axial sides of the iron core are fixed to the coil frame, a coil is wound on the iron core, and the axial sides of the coil frame are provided with a moving assembly. A left yoke and a right yoke are respectively provided, and the motion assembly includes an armature assembly, a connecting member and a push piece. The armature assembly is rotatably connected to the housing via a rotating shaft, and the armature assembly can reciprocate between positions in contact with the left yoke or the right yoke. The connecting member is connected to the armature assembly so that the connecting member can rotate with the armature assembly. The push piece is connected to the connecting member so that when the connecting member rotates in different directions, the push piece can be driven to move in different directions. The other end of the push piece is connected to the movable spring so that when the push piece moves in different directions, the movable contact on the movable spring can be driven to contact or separate with the static contact. The locking mechanism includes two interlocking parts, which are respectively located on the two relay devices, and the interlocking parts can move synchronously with the corresponding rotating shaft. One of the interlocking parts can offset against the other interlocking part when moving synchronously with the corresponding rotating shaft in the forward direction to lock the other interlocking part, and can separate from the other interlocking part when moving synchronously with the corresponding rotating shaft in the reverse direction.

7. The dual power automatic switching device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The interlocking part is arranged at one end of the connecting part away from the armature assembly, and the interlocking part includes a first interlocking portion and a second interlocking portion, the first interlocking portion and the second interlocking portion as a whole form an interlocking part of an L-shaped structure, the second interlocking portion of one of the interlocking parts spans the second interlocking portion of the other interlocking part, and the second interlocking portion of one of the interlocking parts is located on the forward movement path of the second interlocking portion of the other interlocking part, so that one of the interlocking parts can be against the other interlocking part when moving forward, and can be separated from the other interlocking part when moving reversely.

8. The dual power automatic switching device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The locking mechanism includes a first interlocking part and a second interlocking part which are separated from each other in an initial state, the first interlocking part includes a first convex arc portion and a first concave arc portion, the center of the first convex arc portion coincides with the rotation center of the first interlocking part, the second interlocking part includes a second convex arc portion and a second concave arc portion, the center of the second convex arc portion coincides with the rotation center of the second interlocking part, and when the first interlocking part rotates forwardly to a set angle, the first convex arc portion can extend into the second concave arc portion and abut against the second concave arc portion, and when the second interlocking part rotates forwardly to a set angle, the second convex arc portion can extend into the first concave arc portion and abut against the first concave arc portion.

9. The dual power automatic switching device according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the first interlocking part rotates forward at an angle of 45°-105°, the first convex arc portion can extend into the second concave arc portion and abut against the second concave arc portion; when the second interlocking part rotates forward at an angle of 45°-105°, the second convex arc portion can extend into the first concave arc portion and abut against the first concave arc portion.

10. The dual power automatic switching device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The interlocking parts are gears, which are connected to the rotating shaft. The circumferential teeth and tooth grooves of the gears form a locking portion, and the teeth on the two gears have a gap in the initial state, so that the locking portion of one of the gears can abut against the locking portion of the other gear when moving forward, and can be separated from the locking portion of the other gear when moving backward.

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