A thermal insulation and ventilation structure for low-carbon building roofs

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of low-carbon buildings, improving the problem of poor thermal insulation in carbon buildings. It discloses a thermal insulation and ventilation structure for the roof of a low-carbon building. The structure is installed on the building body and includes a roof, a green plant unit, a thermal insulation and ventilation unit, and a power storage unit. The roof is covered with a light-transmitting layer, and a sealed roof space is formed between the two. The thermal insulation and ventilation unit includes a heat-absorbing element installed in the roof space and an air intake pipe wrapped around the outer wall of the heat-absorbing element. A circulating air pipe is installed in the building body. The air intake pipe has a first air intake end connected to the roof space and a first air outlet end connected to the building body. The side wall of the first air outlet end is connected to the circulating air pipe, and a first control mechanism for controlling the opening and closing of the pipe is provided at the connection point. When the temperature is high during the day, the green plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis, and air enters the building body through the air intake pipe to achieve ventilation. When the temperature is low at night, the green plants respire to increase the air temperature, and the air enters the circulating air pipe to achieve thermal insulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of low-carbon buildings, and in particular to a thermal insulation and ventilation structure for a low-carbon building roof. Background Art

[0002] As environmental issues become increasingly prominent, low-carbon green buildings in the construction industry have gradually become a mainstream trend. Low-carbon buildings can reduce the use of fossil energy, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, provide people with healthy use space, and are a means of sustainable development.

[0003] A Chinese patent with announcement number CN210622384U discloses a green, low-carbon, energy-saving building, which includes a building body and a building roof. The outer walls of the building roof are respectively installed with wind energy components and solar energy components, and the inner cavity of the building body is installed with batteries connected to the wind energy components and solar energy components; a green plant area is provided inside the building roof, and a spray assembly installed on the inner wall of the building roof is provided on the top of the green plant area; a drainage trough is installed on the side wall of the building roof, and a water tank and a water pump are installed on the outer wall of the building body, and the water tank is connected to the spray assembly through the water pump; a ventilation duct is connected between the building body and the building roof, and exhaust windows are opened on the side walls of the building roof.

[0004] The above-mentioned low-carbon buildings save energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions through green plants on the roof. However, the thermal insulation effect inside the building is poor, and the building body and the roof also directly exchange air through exhaust fans. Especially in winter, the cold air outside enters the house directly, reducing human comfort. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to improve the defect of poor thermal insulation effect of carbon buildings, the present application provides a thermal insulation and ventilation structure for the roof of a low-carbon building.

[0006] This application provides a low-carbon building roof insulation and ventilation structure, which adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A low-carbon building roof insulation and ventilation structure is provided on a building body, comprising a roof, a light-transmitting layer is provided on the roof, and a sealed roof space is formed between the roof and the light-transmitting layer. The low-carbon building roof insulation and ventilation structure also includes a green plant unit and an insulation and ventilation unit;

[0008] The green plant unit includes a green plant area arranged on the roof, a watering mechanism for watering the green plant area, and a water storage mechanism connected to the watering mechanism;

[0009] The heat-insulating ventilation unit includes a heat-absorbing element arranged in the roof space and an air inlet pipe wound around the outer wall of the heat-absorbing element, the air inlet pipe having a first air inlet end connected to the roof space and a first air outlet end connected to the building body, a circulating air pipe is provided in the building body, a side wall of the first air outlet end near the air outlet is connected to the circulating air pipe, and a first control mechanism is provided at the connection point, and an exhaust pipe connected to the roof space is also connected to the building body;

[0010] The first control mechanism is capable of identifying the temperature inside the building. When the temperature is greater than a specified value, the first control mechanism closes the circulating air duct and opens the air outlet, and the air in the air inlet duct flows from the first air outlet into the building. When the temperature is less than the specified value, the first control mechanism opens the circulating air duct and closes the air outlet, and the air in the air inlet duct flows from the first air outlet into the circulating air duct.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the watering mechanism pumps water from the water storage mechanism to water the green plants. During the daytime in winter, the green plants in the green plant area produce oxygen through photosynthesis. The pressure of the air with a high oxygen content in the sealed roof space will be lower than the air with a high carbon dioxide content in the building body. Moreover, the temperature inside the building body during the day will be higher than the specified value of the first control mechanism. Therefore, the air in the roof space will enter the building body through the air intake pipe for people to breathe. The heat absorber will absorb the heat from the sunlight and heat the air in the air intake pipe, thereby keeping the temperature inside the building body within a comfortable temperature range for the human body. At the same time, the exhaust pipe will discharge the air with a high carbon dioxide content in the building body into the roof space for the green plants to carry out photosynthesis.

[0012] At night, green plants produce carbon dioxide through respiration. The increase in carbon dioxide content will cause the air temperature to rise. At night, the temperature inside the building is lower than the specified value. The first control mechanism opens the passage of the circulating air pipe, and the air in the roof space with higher temperature enters the circulating air pipe for circulation, thereby keeping the interior of the building warm. At the same time, the heat absorbing element still retains residual heat to further heat the air.

[0013] Optionally, the first control mechanism includes a control component arranged in the first air outlet end and a temperature-sensitive driving component connected to the control component, and the end of the temperature-sensitive driving component away from the control component is connected to the inner wall of the first air outlet end. The temperature-sensitive driving component can drive the control component to move toward and away from the air outlet according to the temperature, and the control component includes a first resisting portion for opening and closing the circulating air duct and a second resisting portion for opening and closing the air outlet.

[0014] By adopting this technical solution, the temperature-sensitive actuator deforms according to temperature, driving the control element to move, thereby controlling the air outlet and the circulation pipe. When the temperature is above a specified value, the first stop closes the circulation pipe, and the second stop moves away from the air outlet, allowing air to pass into the building. When the temperature is below the specified value, the first stop moves away, opening the circulation pipe, and the second stop closes the air outlet, allowing air to circulate within the circulation pipe.

[0015] Optionally, the first resisting portion is provided with a makeshift groove for the air in the exhaust pipe to flow toward the air outlet, and the second resisting portion is arranged at one end of the first resisting portion close to the air outlet, and the air outlet is arranged to gradually narrow toward the opening direction, and the cross-sectional area of the second resisting portion is larger than the cross-sectional area of the opening.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, specifically, the first resisting part can close or open the passage of the circulating air pipe when it approaches or moves away from the circulating air pipe; at the same time, a makeshift groove is provided on the first resisting part for allowing air to continuously flow to the air outlet, and the air outlet can be closed or opened by the second resisting part approaching or moving away from the air outlet.

[0017] Optionally, the light-transmitting layer is configured to be in an arch shape capable of focusing light, and the heat-absorbing element is placed at the light-focusing point of the light-transmitting layer.

[0018] By adopting this technical solution, the arched heat absorber can focus the light. Placing the heat absorber at the focal point of the light-transmitting layer can enhance the heat absorption effect, facilitate heating the air in the air intake duct, and thus maintain the temperature within the building. The arched light-transmitting layer also improves structural strength.

[0019] Optionally, a second control mechanism is provided in the exhaust pipe, and one end of the exhaust pipe connected to the building body is set as a bent second air inlet end, and the second air inlet end has an air inlet. The second control mechanism includes a hollow body movably connected to the inner wall of the second air inlet end, and the second air inlet end is provided with a limiting portion for limiting the hollow body from detaching from the exhaust pipe in the direction of the air inlet. The cross-sectional area of the hollow body is consistent with the cross-sectional area of the second air inlet end. The exhaust pipe is provided with an accommodating cavity in a direction parallel to the second air inlet end and on a side away from the air inlet. The hollow body can be moved in the direction of the accommodating cavity and detached from the second air inlet end under the action of pressure.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when the carbon dioxide content is too high, the pressure inside the building body is relatively high, thereby pushing the hollow body away from the building body, that is, causing the hollow body to separate from the second air inlet end and enter the accommodating cavity, thereby allowing the air in the building body to enter the roof space through the exhaust pipe; the second control mechanism will only open the exhaust pipe when the carbon dioxide content in the building body is high, which can further improve the thermal insulation effect of the building body and ensure that the indoor oxygen content is within a range suitable for human breathing; the above-mentioned second control mechanism does not require electrical control, thereby further saving energy and reducing emissions.

[0021] Optionally, a second control mechanism is provided in the exhaust pipe, and the second control mechanism includes a switch valve for controlling the opening and closing of the exhaust pipe, and the switch valve is electrically connected to a carbon dioxide sensor provided inside the building body.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the second control mechanism can also be directly controlled by an electronic control element. When the carbon dioxide sensor detects that the carbon dioxide content in the air inside the building is too high, the switch valve opens the passage of the exhaust pipe; the above second control mechanism improves the accuracy of detection.

[0023] Optionally, the thermal insulation and ventilation unit also includes an air supply pipe and a heating element connected to the air supply pipe. The air supply pipe is provided with a third control mechanism that can control the opening and closing of the air supply pipe according to the carbon dioxide content in the building body. One end of the air supply pipe passes through the light-transmitting layer, and the other end passes through the roof and enters the building body.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, when it is cool and the green plants on the roof do not supply enough oxygen, the third control mechanism opens the air supply pipe to supply fresh air to the building body to ensure ventilation effect, and the gas in the air supply pipe is heated by the heating element to ensure the insulation effect of the building.

[0025] Optionally, a heat storage cavity is provided in the heat absorbing element, the heating element is a heat storage element arranged in the heat storage cavity, and the air supply pipe passes into the heat storage cavity and extends out from the cavity wall at the other end of the heat storage cavity.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, a heat storage chamber is set in the heat absorbing component, and the heat in the heat absorbing component is maintained by the heat storage element, and then the air in the air supply pipe is heated. The heating component does not need to use fossil energy to provide heat, which further improves the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.

[0027] Optionally, the water storage mechanism includes a water tank and a water guide trough arranged around the light-transmitting layer. The water guide trough is inclined toward one side and the downwardly inclined side is connected to the water tank through a water pipe. The water tank is connected to a return water pipe connected to the watering mechanism.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the water guide trough guides rainwater to be stored in the water tank, and the watering mechanism is connected through the return pipe to irrigate the green plants, saving water resources; the inclined water guide trough can reduce the possibility of water accumulation in the water guide trough and improve the cleanliness of the water in the water guide trough.

[0029] Optionally, the side wall of the water tank is connected to a water outlet pipe extending downward, and the circulating air pipe includes a vertical section arranged vertically, and the vertical section is connected to a branch pipe connected to the water outlet pipe, and the branch pipe is arranged obliquely downward from the vertical section toward the water outlet pipe.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the water in the water tank flows downward from the water outlet pipe under the action of gravity. Through the connection of the branch pipe, the flow of water can promote the flow of air in the circulating air pipe, and part of the air can be dissolved in the water to promote air renewal, so that the air with higher temperature in the roof space can continuously enter the circulating air pipe, thereby improving the thermal insulation effect of the building body.

[0031] In summary, this application has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. During the daytime in winter, the green plants in the green area produce oxygen through photosynthesis. The pressure of the air with a high oxygen content in the sealed roof space will be lower than the air with a high carbon dioxide content in the building body, and the temperature inside the building body will be higher than the specified value of the first control mechanism. Therefore, the air with a high oxygen content and a low pressure in the roof space will enter the building body through the air intake pipe for people to breathe. The exhaust pipe will discharge the air with a high carbon dioxide content in the building body into the roof space for the green plants to photosynthesize. When the green plants on the roof are short of oxygen, fresh air can be added to the building body through the air supply pipe, thereby ensuring ventilation effect.

[0033] 2. The heat absorber absorbs the heat from the sun and heats the air in the intake pipe. The heat storage element retains the heat in the heat absorber and then heats the air in the supply pipe. This eliminates the need to use fossil energy to provide heat, ensuring the temperature inside the building while improving energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0034] 3. At night, the green plants produce carbon dioxide through respiration, which raises the air temperature in the roof space. When the temperature inside the building is lower than the specified value at night, the first control mechanism opens the circulation air duct, allowing the hotter air to circulate into the circulation air duct, thereby providing insulation for the interior of the building.

[0035] 4. The first control mechanism, the second control mechanism and the third control mechanism do not need to use electronic control components to control the opening and closing of the pipeline, saving electricity;

[0036] 5. The water channel guides rainwater to be stored in the water tank, and the watering mechanism is connected to the return pipe to irrigate the green plants, saving water resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the thermal insulation and ventilation structure of the low-carbon building roof in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the heat-insulating and ventilation structure in an embodiment of the present application without the light-transmitting layer;

[0039] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a thermal insulation and ventilation structure of a low-carbon building roof in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the present application when the first control mechanism closes the circulating air pipe;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the present application when the first control mechanism opens the circulating air pipe;

[0042] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust pipe related structure in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure related to the air supply pipe in the embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the relevant structure of another embodiment of the exhaust pipe in this application.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. building body; 2. roof; 3. light-transmitting layer; 4. roof space; 5. green plant unit; 51. green plant area; 52. watering mechanism; 521. sprinkler head; 522. water pump; 53. water storage mechanism; 531. water storage tank; 532. water guide trough; 533. water outlet pipe; 534. water return pipe; 6. heat-insulating ventilation unit; 61. heat-absorbing element; 611. heat storage chamber; 62. air inlet pipe; 621. first air inlet end; 622. first air outlet end; 623. air outlet; 63. circulating air pipe; 631. vertical section; 632. branch pipe; 64. first control mechanism; 641. control element; 642 , first resisting portion; 643, second resisting portion; 644, yielding groove; 645, temperature-sensing driving part; 646, limiting ring; 65, exhaust pipe; 651, second air inlet end; 652, second air outlet end; 653, air inlet; 654, limiting portion; 655, accommodating chamber; 66, second control mechanism; 661, hollow body; 662, switch valve; 663, carbon dioxide sensor; 67, air supply pipe; 671, third air inlet end; 672, third air outlet end; 68, heating element; 681, heat storage element; 69, third control mechanism; 691, connecting pipe; 7, power storage unit; 71, windmill; 72, battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following is combined with Figure 1-8 This application is described in further detail.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present application discloses a low-carbon building roof insulation and ventilation structure, which is installed on a building body 1 and includes a roof 2, a green plant unit 5, a heat-insulating and ventilation unit 6, and a power storage unit 7. The roof 2 is covered with a light-transmitting layer 3, and a sealed roof space 4 is formed between the roof 2 and the light-transmitting layer 3. During the day, the green plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis. The air in the roof space 4 is heated by the heat-insulating and ventilation unit 6 and then passed into the building body 1. At the same time, the air with a high carbon dioxide content in the building body 1 is discharged into the roof space 4 for the green plants to photosynthesize, achieving a ventilation effect. At night, the green plants respire to produce oxygen, raising the air temperature. The air passes through the heat-insulating and ventilation unit 6 to insulate the building body 1.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The green plant unit 5 includes a green plant area 51 provided on the roof 2, a watering mechanism 52 for watering the green plant area 51, and a water storage mechanism 53 connected to the watering mechanism 52. The water storage mechanism 53 includes a water tank 531 and a water channel 532 provided around the light-transmitting layer 3. The notch of the water channel 532 is provided upward and can be covered with a filter (not shown) to reduce the possibility of impurities falling into it. The water channel 532 is inclined toward one side, and the downwardly inclined side is connected to the water tank 531 via a water pipe. The top of the water tank 531 can be provided with a filter and an adsorbent such as activated carbon to filter and purify rainwater. The water tank 531 is connected to a return pipe 534 connected to the watering mechanism 52. A downwardly extending outlet pipe 533 is connected to the side wall of the water tank 531 near the top to reduce the possibility of water overflowing from the water tank 531. The outlet pipe 533 is connected to the return pipe 534 at one end away from the water tank 531 to pump water back into the watering mechanism 52. Alternatively, the outlet pipe 533 may extend directly to the bottom of the building 1 to irrigate the green belt on the surface. In one embodiment, the watering mechanism 52 includes an irrigation pipe extending into the soil of the green plant area 51. One end of the return pipe 534 may be located near the bottom of the water tank 531, and the other end may be connected to the irrigation pipe to provide water to the green plants through irrigation. Preferably, in this embodiment, the watering mechanism 52 includes a sprinkler head 521 located above the green plant area 51. The return pipe 534 is connected to a water pump 522 to provide water to the green plants through spraying.

[0049] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The heat-insulating ventilation unit 6 includes a heat-absorbing element 61 disposed within the roof space 4, an air inlet pipe 62 wound around the outer wall of the heat-absorbing element 61, and a circulating air pipe 63 connected to the air inlet pipe 62. The air inlet pipe 62 has a first air inlet end 621 connected to the roof space 4 and a first air outlet end 622 connected to the interior of the building body 1. The light-transmitting layer 3 is configured in an arched shape capable of focusing light. The material of the light-transmitting layer 3 can be a polycarbonate sheet, a color-coated steel sheet, or tempered glass. The heat-absorbing element 61 is placed at the light-focusing point of the light-transmitting layer 3. The material of the heat-absorbing element 61 can be a mixture of one or more materials such as resin, asphalt, carbon black, or metal. The air inlet pipe 62 is spirally wound around the outer wall of the heat-absorbing element 61.

[0050] Reference Figure 3 The outer wall of the building 1 is covered with an insulation layer. The insulation layer can be made of ceramic insulation, silicate insulation, cement foam insulation, or fused polystyrene particles. A circulating air duct 63 is embedded within the wall of the building 1. The circulating air duct 63 can be arranged in a spiral pattern or configured as multiple closed loops, all of which are connected by a connecting pipe. In other embodiments, the circulating air duct 63 can also be arranged along the wall of the building 1.

[0051] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The side wall of the first air outlet end 622 near the air outlet 623 is connected to the circulating air pipe 63, and a first control mechanism 64 for controlling the opening and closing of the pipe passage is provided at the connection point. To improve air flow, the two opposite side walls of the first air outlet end 622 are both connected to the circulating air pipe 63; the circulating air pipe 63 includes a vertical section 631, which is connected to a branch pipe 632 connected to the water outlet pipe 533. The branch pipe 632 is arranged downwardly from the vertical section 631 toward the water outlet pipe 533. Water flows downward from the water outlet pipe 533 due to gravity. Through the connection of the branch pipe 632, the flow of water can promote the flow of air in the circulating air pipe 63, and some air can be absorbed into the water, thereby promoting air renewal, so that the higher temperature air in the roof space 4 can continuously enter the circulating air pipe 63, improving the thermal insulation effect of the building body 1.

[0052] The first control mechanism 64 is capable of identifying the temperature within the building body 1. The specified temperature value can be set to a value between 18°C and 28°C. When the temperature is greater than the specified value, the first control mechanism 64 closes the circulating air pipe 63 and opens the air outlet 623, and the air in the air inlet pipe 62 flows from the first air outlet end 622 into the building body 1. When the temperature is less than the specified value, the first control mechanism 64 opens the circulating air pipe 63 and closes the air outlet 623, and the air in the air inlet pipe 62 flows from the first air outlet end 622 into the circulating air pipe 63.

[0053] Specifically, the first air outlet end 622 is preferably arranged vertically. The first control mechanism 64 includes a control member 641 arranged in the first air outlet end 622 and a temperature-sensitive drive member 645 connected to the control member 641. The material of the control member 641 is preferably a material with heat-insulating properties and airtightness, such as rubber or thermal insulation cotton. The control member 641 includes a first stopper 642 for opening and closing the circulating air pipe 63 and a second stopper 643 for opening and closing the air outlet 623. The first stopper 642 is vertically provided with a clearance groove 644 for the air in the exhaust pipe 65 to flow toward the air outlet 623. The second stopper 643 is arranged at one end of the first stopper 642 close to the air outlet 623. The air outlet 623 is configured to gradually narrow toward the opening. The second stopper 643 can be spherical and its cross-sectional area is larger than the cross-sectional area of the opening. The temperature-sensitive actuator 645 can be a deformable bag filled with mercury, or a memory column or spring made of a metal alloy. In this embodiment, the temperature-sensitive actuator 645 is preferably a memory spring that expands at high temperatures and contracts at low temperatures. A retaining ring 646 can be provided on the inner wall of the first outlet end 622. One end of the temperature-sensitive actuator 645 is fixed to the top surface of the retaining ring 646, and the other end is connected to the end of the control member 641 near the outlet 623. The temperature-sensitive actuator 645 can move toward or away from the outlet 623 based on the temperature of the control member 641.

[0054] When the temperature is higher than a specified value, the temperature-sensing driving member 645 extends and pushes the control member 641 upward, the first resisting portion 642 closes the circulating air pipe 63, and the second resisting portion 643 moves away from the air outlet 623 to allow air to pass into the building body 1; when the temperature is lower than a specified value, the temperature-sensing driving member 645 shortens and pulls the control member 641 downward, the first resisting portion 642 moves away from and opens the circulating air pipe 63, and the second resisting portion 643 closes the air outlet 623, allowing air to circulate in the circulating air pipe 63.

[0055] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 In order to improve the ventilation effect, the thermal insulation and ventilation unit 6 also includes an exhaust pipe 65 that discharges the air with a high carbon dioxide content in the building body 1 to the roof space 4, and an air supply pipe 67 that can replenish fresh air in the building body 1 when the green plants on the roof 2 do not supply enough oxygen.

[0056] Reference Figure 6 The exhaust pipe 65 has a second air inlet end 651 and a second air outlet end 652. The second air inlet end 651 is connected to the interior of the building 1, and the second air outlet end 652 is connected to the roof space 4. Compared to oxygen, carbon dioxide tends to sink to the bottom of the air. Therefore, the second air inlet end 651 of the exhaust pipe 65, which is connected to the interior of the building 1, can be located near the bottom of the building 1. The exhaust pipe 65 is preferably embedded in the wall. Furthermore, a second control mechanism 66 is provided within the exhaust pipe 65. The second air inlet end 651 has an air inlet port 653 and is configured in a curved shape. In one embodiment, the second control mechanism 66 includes a hollow body 661 movably connected to the inner wall of the second air inlet end 651. The material of the hollow body 661 is relatively light and the inner hollow body 661 is filled with an air medium. The density of the air medium is less than the density of air with an oxygen content required for normal human breathing. A limiting portion 654 is provided in the second air inlet end 651 to limit the hollow body 661 from separating from the exhaust pipe 65 in the direction of the air inlet 653. Another limiting portion 654 may be provided in the second air inlet end 651 to limit the hollow body 661 from separating from the exhaust pipe 65 in the direction of the roof space 4. The cross-sectional area of the hollow body 661 is consistent with the cross-sectional area of the second air inlet end 651. The exhaust pipe 65 is provided with a accommodating cavity 655 in a direction parallel to the second air inlet end 651 and on a side away from the air inlet 653. The hollow body 661 can be moved in the direction of the accommodating cavity 655 under the action of pressure and separated from the second air inlet end 651. When the carbon dioxide content is too high, the air density within the building body 1 is relatively high, that is, the pressure is relatively high, which can push the hollow body 661 away from the air inlet 653, causing the hollow body 661 to separate from the second air inlet end 651 and enter the accommodating cavity 655, thereby allowing the air within the building body 1 to enter the roof space 4 through the exhaust pipe 65. When the carbon dioxide content is normal, the hollow body 661 moves toward the air inlet 653, thereby blocking the exhaust pipe 65.

[0057] Reference Figure 7 The air supply pipe 67 has a third air inlet end 671 and a third air outlet end 672. The third air inlet end 671 passes through the light-transmitting layer 3, and the third air outlet end 672 passes through the roof 2 and enters the building 1. A heating element 68 is connected to the air supply pipe 67 for heating the fresh air within the air supply pipe 67. The air supply pipe 67 is also provided with a third control mechanism 69 that controls the opening and closing of the air supply pipe 67 based on the carbon dioxide content within the building 1. The heating element 68 can be directly configured as an electric heater. To conserve energy, the heat absorbing element 61 is provided with a heat storage chamber 611. The heating element 68 is a heat storage element 681 disposed within the heat storage chamber 611. The heat storage element 681 can be made of a chemical heat storage material such as a temperature-sensitive polymer gel or a solid adsorption heat storage material. The heat storage element 681 absorbs heat at high temperatures and releases energy when air at lower temperatures passes through it. The air supply pipe 67 extends into the heat storage chamber 611 and extends out from the other end of the heat storage chamber 611. The structure of the third control mechanism 69 is similar to that of the second control mechanism 66. The third control mechanism 69 includes a connecting pipe 691, whose ends connect to the sidewall of the third air inlet end 671 and the interior of the building body 1, respectively. A hollow body 661 is provided at the connection point between the connecting pipe 691 and the third air inlet end 671. A retaining ring 646 is provided near the connection point to prevent the hollow body 661 from escaping from the connecting pipe 691 toward the building body 1. The third air inlet pipe 62 is provided with a receiving cavity 655 parallel to the third air inlet pipe 62. To reduce the possibility of air directly entering the interior of the building body 1 through the connecting pipe 691, the inner diameter of the connecting pipe 691 is configured to increase toward the opening. A lightweight string connects the lower hollow body 661 to another hollow body 661 below. When the upper hollow body 661 enters the receiving cavity 655, the lower hollow body 661 can block the constricted opening of the connecting pipe 691.

[0058] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The power storage unit 7 includes a windmill 71 mounted on the outer wall of the light-transmitting layer 3 and a battery 72 mounted on the roof 2. The windmill 71 absorbs wind energy, converts it into electrical energy, and stores it in the battery 72. The battery 72 is connected to electrical devices within the building body 1 or the water pump 522 within the thermal insulation and ventilation structure to provide power.

[0059] In another embodiment, the first control mechanism 64, the second control mechanism 66 and the third control mechanism 69 can all be controlled by electrical components. The first control mechanism 64 may include an electrically connected four-way valve and a temperature sensor. The four-way valve is arranged at the connection point between the first air outlet 622 and the circulating air pipe 63, and the temperature sensor is arranged inside the building body 1. Figure 8The second control mechanism 66 includes an electrically connected on-off valve 662 and a carbon dioxide sensor 663. The on-off valve 662 is used to control the opening and closing of the exhaust pipe 65. The carbon dioxide sensor 663 is installed inside the building body 1. The third control mechanism 69 also includes an on-off valve 662 for controlling the opening and closing of the air supply pipe 67.

[0060] Optionally but not limiting, fans may be provided in the air inlet pipe 62 , the exhaust pipe and the air supply pipe 67 to promote air circulation in a specified direction.

[0061] The implementation principle of the thermal insulation and ventilation structure of a low-carbon building roof in the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0062] During the day when the temperature is high, the temperature inside the building body 1 is higher than the temperature detected by the temperature-sensing driving element 645. The control element 641, driven by the temperature-sensing driving element 645, closes the circulating air pipe 63 and opens the air outlet 623. The green plants in the green plant area 51 produce oxygen through photosynthesis. The pressure of the air with a high oxygen content in the sealed roof space 4 is lower than the pressure of the air with a high carbon dioxide content in the building body 1. Therefore, the air in the roof space 4 enters the building body 1 through the air inlet pipe 62. The heat absorbing element 61 absorbs the heat from the sunlight and heats the air in the air inlet pipe 62, thereby keeping the temperature inside the building body 1 within a comfortable range for the human body.

[0063] At night, when the temperature is low, green plants produce carbon dioxide through respiration. The increase in carbon dioxide content causes the air temperature to rise. When the temperature inside the building body 1 is lower than the specified value, the control component 641, driven by the temperature-sensing driving component 645, opens the circulation pipe 63 and closes the air outlet 623. The air in the roof space 4 with a higher temperature enters the circulation pipe 63 and circulates, thereby keeping the interior of the building body 1 warm. At the same time, the heat absorption component 61 still retains residual heat to further heat the air.

[0064] In addition, when the carbon dioxide content in the building body 1 is too high, the second control mechanism 66 opens the exhaust pipe 65 to discharge the air in the building body 1 into the roof space 4 for green plants to carry out photosynthesis; the second control mechanism 66 opens the air supply pipe 67 to replenish fresh air in the building body 1, thereby ensuring the ventilation effect.

[0065] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A low-carbon building roof insulation and ventilation structure, arranged on a building body (1), including a roof (2), characterized in that: The roof (2) is covered with a light-transmitting layer (3), and a sealed roof space (4) is formed between the roof (2) and the light-transmitting layer (3), and further includes a green plant unit (5) and a heat-insulating ventilation unit (6); The green plant unit (5) comprises a green plant area (51) provided on the roof (2), a watering mechanism (52) for watering the green plant area (51), and a water storage mechanism (53) connected to the watering mechanism (52); The heat-insulating ventilation unit (6) comprises a heat-absorbing element (61) arranged in the roof space (4) and an air inlet pipe (62) wound around the outer wall of the heat-absorbing element (61), the air inlet pipe (62) having a first air inlet end (621) connected to the roof space (4) and a first air outlet end (622) connected to the building body (1), a circulating air pipe (63) is provided in the building body (1), a side wall of the first air outlet end (622) close to the air outlet (623) is connected to the circulating air pipe (63), and a first control mechanism (64) is provided at the connection point, and an exhaust pipe (65) connected to the roof space (4) is also connected in the building body (1); The first control mechanism (64) is capable of identifying the temperature inside the building body (1); when the temperature is greater than a specified value, the first control mechanism (64) closes the circulating air pipe (63) and opens the air outlet (623), and the air in the air inlet pipe (62) flows from the first air outlet (622) into the building body (1); when the temperature is less than the specified value, the first control mechanism (64) opens the circulating air pipe (63) and closes the air outlet (623), and the air in the air inlet pipe (62) flows from the first air outlet (622) into the circulating air pipe (63); The heat-insulating ventilation unit (6) further comprises an air supply pipe (67) and a heating element (68) connected to the air supply pipe (67); the air supply pipe (67) is provided with a third control mechanism (69) capable of controlling the opening and closing of the air supply pipe (67) according to the carbon dioxide content in the building body (1); one end of the air supply pipe (67) passes through the light-transmitting layer (3), and the other end passes through the roof (2) and enters the building body (1); A heat storage chamber (611) is provided in the heat absorbing element (61); the heating element (68) is a heat storage component (681) provided in the heat storage chamber (611); and the air supply pipe (67) passes into the heat storage chamber (611) and extends out from the chamber wall at the other end of the heat storage chamber (611).

2. The low-carbon building roof insulation and ventilation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first control mechanism (64) includes a control member (641) arranged in the first air outlet end (622) and a temperature-sensitive driving member (645) connected to the control member (641), wherein one end of the temperature-sensitive driving member (645) away from the control member (641) is connected to the inner wall of the first air outlet end (622), and the temperature-sensitive driving member (645) can drive the control member (641) to move toward and away from the air outlet (623) according to the temperature. The control member (641) includes a first resisting portion (642) for opening and closing the circulating air pipe (63) and a second resisting portion (643) for opening and closing the air outlet (623).

3. The low-carbon building roof insulation and ventilation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first resisting portion (642) is provided with a relief groove (644) for allowing the air in the exhaust pipe (65) to flow toward the air outlet (623). The second resisting portion (643) is arranged at one end of the first resisting portion (642) close to the air outlet (623). The air outlet (623) is arranged to gradually narrow toward the opening. The cross-sectional area of the second resisting portion (643) is larger than the cross-sectional area of the opening.

4. The low-carbon building roof insulation and ventilation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The light-transmitting layer (3) is configured to be an arched shape capable of focusing light, and the heat-absorbing element (61) is placed at the position of the light-focusing point of the light-transmitting layer (3).

5. The low-carbon building roof insulation and ventilation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second control mechanism (66) is provided in the exhaust pipe (65). One end of the exhaust pipe (65) connected to the building body (1) is provided as a bent second air inlet end (651). The second air inlet end (651) has an air inlet port (653). The second control mechanism (66) includes a hollow body (661) movably connected to the inner wall of the second air inlet end (651). The second air inlet end (651) is provided with a device for limiting the flow of the hollow body (661) toward the air inlet port (653). The hollow body (661) is separated from the limiting portion (654) of the exhaust pipe (65) in the direction thereof, the cross-sectional area of the hollow body (661) is consistent with the cross-sectional area of the second air inlet end (651), the exhaust pipe (65) is provided with an accommodating cavity (655) in a direction parallel to the second air inlet end (651) and away from the air inlet (653), and the hollow body (661) can be moved in the direction of the accommodating cavity (655) and separated from the second air inlet end (651) under the action of pressure.

6. The low-carbon building roof insulation and ventilation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A second control mechanism (66) is provided in the exhaust pipe (65), and the second control mechanism (66) includes a switch valve (662) for controlling the opening and closing of the exhaust pipe (65). The switch valve (662) is electrically connected to a carbon dioxide sensor (663) provided inside the building body (1).

7. The low-carbon building roof insulation and ventilation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water storage mechanism (53) comprises a water storage tank (531) and a water guide groove (532) arranged around the light-transmitting layer (3); the water guide groove (532) is arranged to be inclined toward one side, and the side inclined downward is connected to the water storage tank (531) through a water pipe; the water storage tank (531) is connected to a return water pipe (534) connected to the watering mechanism (52).

8. The low-carbon building roof insulation and ventilation structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: A water outlet pipe (533) extending downward is connected to the side wall of the water storage tank (531). The circulating air pipe (63) comprises a vertical section (631) arranged vertically. A branch pipe (632) communicating with the water outlet pipe (533) is connected to the vertical section (631). The branch pipe (632) is arranged obliquely downward from the vertical section (631) toward the water outlet pipe (533).

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