An ultrasonic assisted friction stir deposition apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses an ultrasonic-assisted friction stir deposition device, which comprises an ultrasonic mechanism for generating ultrasonic vibration and a stir deposition mechanism installed on the top of the ultrasonic mechanism; wherein the stir deposition mechanism comprises a holding member and a driving member, the driving member is in transmission connection with the holding member, and the holding member drives the deposition rod to move. The driving member drives the holding member, the holding member drives the deposition rod to move on the substrate, the deposition rod is frictionally deposited on the substrate, the ultrasonic mechanism gives the substrate ultrasonic vibration, the friction stir deposition and the ultrasonic vibration act simultaneously, the coating is firmly combined with the substrate, the roughness of the coating surface is reduced, the performance of the material is improved, and the wear of the stirring tool is reduced. The application has the characteristics that ultrasonic vibration can be utilized for assisting processing, processing vibration is reduced, the coating surface obtained is smoother than the coating surface obtained by the existing friction stir deposition, the hardness and wear resistance of the coating obtained are higher, and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a triboelectric deposition additive manufacturing apparatus, specifically to an ultrasonic-assisted triboelectric stirring deposition apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] Friction stirring deposition is a solid metal additive manufacturing method that has been developed in recent years. This additive method does not require melting the metal, thus avoiding a series of problems caused by metal melting and rapid cooling, such as adverse reactions at high temperatures, obvious grain growth orientation, easy generation of abnormally large grains, easy generation of micropores, weak interlayer bonding, etc. It can significantly improve additive efficiency and material properties.

[0003] However, the research revealed certain technical shortcomings in the machines and experimental devices used in the additive manufacturing process. For example, when processing high-hardness composite materials, the stirring tools are subjected to high forces and are prone to wear; during the coating process, the equipment generates significant vibrations, affecting the quality of the resulting coating. When processing AA6061 aluminum alloy composite materials, the material grains are very fine, but the alloy strengthening effect is poor, and the material hardness is not high. To address these shortcomings of the existing technology, this invention develops an optional ultrasonic-assisted friction stirring deposition experimental device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an ultrasonic-assisted friction stirring deposition apparatus. This invention overcomes the difficulties in the friction stirring deposition process. This invention achieves excellent additive friction stirring deposition results, obtaining a deposition layer with superior material microstructure and properties.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0006] An ultrasonic-assisted friction stirring deposition apparatus includes an ultrasonic mechanism for generating ultrasonic vibrations; and a stirring deposition mechanism mounted on top of the ultrasonic mechanism; wherein the stirring deposition mechanism includes a gripping member and a driving member, the driving member being transversely connected to the gripping member, and the gripping member driving the deposition rod to move.

[0007] Further, the ultrasonic mechanism includes a first support frame; a second support frame, the second support frame being mounted on top of the first support frame; a support plate, the support plate being mounted on top of the second support frame for supporting the gripping member; a workbench bracket, the workbench bracket being mounted on the second support frame; a workbench, the workbench being mounted on the workbench bracket, and its top extending upward through the support plate; an ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic transducer being mounted on the first support frame and being drivenly connected to the workbench; and an ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic generator being connected to the ultrasonic transducer; wherein, the workbench has at least two weight-reducing grooves extending through its sides.

[0008] Furthermore, the gripping component includes two sliding supports arranged in parallel with a gap between them; a sliding plate, one end of which is slidably mounted on one sliding support and the other end of which is slidably mounted on the other sliding support; a rotating sleeve, which is rotatably mounted on the sliding plate; and a stirring tool, which is movably mounted on the rotating sleeve and used to grip the sedimentation rod.

[0009] Furthermore, the gripping component of the present invention also includes a first thrust plane bearing, a second thrust plane bearing, and a pressure plate; the slide plate has a support hole, and a support platform is provided on the inner side of the top of the support hole; one end of the rotating sleeve is inserted into the top of the support hole and connected to the first thrust plane bearing and the second thrust plane bearing; the pressure plate supports the first thrust plane bearing, the second thrust plane bearing, and the rotating sleeve is placed in the support hole, and the first thrust plane bearing is in contact with the support platform, while the pressure plate and the slide plate are fixedly connected by multiple screws.

[0010] Furthermore, the rotating sleeve includes a positioning support, a boss, and a rotating body; the positioning support has a boss on one side and a rotating body on the other side; the boss has a conical hole; the rotating body has a sliding groove and a guide bar groove, and the guide bar groove communicates with the conical hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the sliding support includes a fixed support, a guide rod, and a slider; fixed supports are installed at both ends of the guide rod; the slider is slidably installed on the guide rod; wherein the slider and the slide plate are connected by multiple bolts.

[0012] Furthermore, the stirring tool has a spliced ​​structure, comprising two half-stirring tools that are aligned and spliced ​​together. Each half-stirring tool is connected to a rotating sleeve via a screw. Each half-stirring tool includes a supporting boss, a supporting platform, a positioning support platform, and a conical body. One side of the positioning support platform has a supporting platform, and the other side has a conical body. The supporting platform has a supporting boss, and its end face is circumferentially spaced with multiple V-shaped grooves. The supporting boss, supporting platform, positioning support platform, and conical body have through-grooves, and the edges of the grooves connecting to the supporting bosses are chamfered. The width of the grooves increases progressively from the conical body to the supporting boss.

[0013] Furthermore, the driving component includes a handle and a sliding sleeve; one end of the sliding sleeve is connected to the handle, and the other end is connected to the stirring and deposition mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the sliding sleeve is provided with a top core, and a sliding track is opened on each of the corresponding two sides of the top core.

[0015] Furthermore, the driving component in this invention also includes a push rod; the push rod is movably inserted into the gripping component and is connected to the sliding sleeve via a transmission.

[0016] The advancements of this invention compared to existing technologies are as follows:

[0017] 1. This invention utilizes ultrasonic-assisted tribo-stirred deposition to achieve a coating that bonds firmly to the substrate. The surface roughness of the coating is reduced compared to coatings obtained through conventional tribo-stirred deposition, and while the surface color is slightly yellowish, the overall appearance of the coating is good. Furthermore, during operation, the ultrasonic-assisted deposition process is more stable, resulting in a wider coating area and less spatter at the coating edges. The coating grains are equiaxed, exhibiting a significant grain-refining effect, and the interface material between the coating and the substrate interlocks to form a good bond.

[0018] 2. The ultrasonic waves of this invention can not only reduce the stress during plastic processing of materials and improve the stress on processing equipment and workpieces, but also refine grains, promote the precipitation of alloying elements in aluminum alloys, and improve the performance of materials.

[0019] 3. In this invention, the substrate and the worktable are fixedly connected by multiple screws. Multiple screw holes are distributed on the worktable, and through holes are formed on the substrate corresponding to the screw holes on the worktable. The screws pass through the through holes and are threaded into the screw holes. The connection between the substrate and the worktable via screws facilitates the installation and removal of the substrate from the worktable; furthermore, the engagement between the screw holes and the screws on the screws has a certain clearance, allowing the inherent frequency used in this invention to be close to the upper limit of automatic frequency modulation.

[0020] 4. In this invention, the rotating sleeve is rotatably mounted on the sliding plate, and the stirring tool is movably mounted on the rotating sleeve. The sliding plate can slide along the sliding support. The driving component applies a force to the rotating sleeve along the length of the sliding support, causing the rotating sleeve to drive the sliding plate to slide along the sliding support. The driving component applies a rotational force to the rotating sleeve, causing the rotating sleeve to rotate. The sliding plate and the slider on the sliding support are connected by a screw, which facilitates both mounting and detaching the sliding plate from the slider. Furthermore, the height of the sliding plate can be adjusted. To increase the height of the sliding plate, loosen the screw, add the shim to be increased between the sliding plate and the slider, and then tighten the screw to raise the height of the sliding plate. The stirring tool is mounted on the sliding plate along with the rotating sleeve, thereby allowing adjustment of the distance between the stirring tool and the substrate.

[0021] 5. The stirring tool of the present invention adopts a spliced ​​structure, including two half-stirring tools, which are aligned and spliced ​​together; the half-stirring tools are connected to the rotating sleeve by screws. In production, if a sediment rod gets stuck in the stirring tool, the stuck sediment rod can be removed by disassembling the two half-stirring tools.

[0022] 6. The stirring tool of this invention adopts a spliced ​​structure. Ultrasonic waves effectively improve the plasticity and fluidity of materials during friction stirring, reducing wear on the stirring tool. Ultrasonic waves reduce the stress on the stirring tool, thus extending its lifespan.

[0023] 7. The supporting boss of the stirring tool of the present invention has a flared mouth in the middle and multiple spaced V-shaped grooves are formed on the circumference of its top surface. The edge of the flared mouth is chamfered. The rotating sleeve drives the two halves of the stirring tool to rotate. The material around the sedimentation rod and the stirring tool is centrifugally discharged out of the stirring tool through the V-shaped grooves, which avoids the material from being deposited between the sedimentation rod and the stirring tool, and also prevents the sedimentation rod from getting stuck due to the material being deposited in the gap between the sedimentation rod and the stirring tool. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ultrasonic-assisted triboelectric stirring deposition device according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic mechanism in this invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the stirring deposition mechanism in this invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring deposition mechanism in this invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the rotating sleeve, the sliding sleeve, and the tool holder in this invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure between the stirring tool, rotating sleeve, sliding plate, and sliding sleeve in this invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the stirring tool, rotating sleeve, sliding plate, and sliding sleeve in this invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating sleeve in this invention;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing another rotation angle of the rotating sleeve in this invention;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing another rotation angle of the rotating sleeve in this invention;

[0035] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the stirring tool in this invention;

[0036] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the assembled structure of the stirring tool in this invention;

[0037] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the stirring tool and the push rod in this invention;

[0038] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of the present invention in experiments;

[0039] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 16 Experimental results for this invention;

[0041] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the workbench in this invention and the simulation results of its harmonic response at different frequencies;

[0042] Figure 18 This is a diagram of the coating interface of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 19 This is a microstructure diagram of the coating of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 20 This is a hardness distribution diagram of the coating after friction stirring.

[0045] Figure 21 This is a hardness distribution diagram of the coating after ultrasonic-assisted friction stirring coating according to the present invention;

[0046] The names and serial numbers of each component in the diagram are as follows:

[0047] 1-First support frame, 2-Ultrasonic transducer, 3-Workbench support, 31-Support base, 32-Support shaft, 4-Second support frame, 5-Support plate, 6-Sliding support, 61-Slider, 611-Sink, 62-Guide rod, 63-Fixed support, 7-Rotating sleeve, 71-Rotating body, 72-Boss, 73-Conical hole, 74-Positioning screw hole, 75-Positioning base, 76-Guide rod groove, 77-Sliding groove, 8-Sliding sleeve, 81-Slide path, 82-Top core, 9-Slide plate, 91-Support hole, 10-Base plate 101-Sediment layer, 11-Workbench, 111-Weight reduction tank, 12-Stirring tool, 121-Conical body, 122-Positioning support platform, 123-Positioning hole, 124-Support platform, 125-Support boss, 126-V-groove, 127-Chamfer, 128-Slide groove, 13-Pressure plate, 14-First thrust plane bearing, 15-Tool holder, 151-Fixed end, 152-Support end, 16-Second thrust plane bearing, 17-Push rod, 18-Sediment rod, 19-Ultrasonic generator, 20-Screw. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments in this application. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] like Figures 1 to 21 As shown, this invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted friction stir deposition apparatus that can achieve additive manufacturing by friction stir deposition onto a substrate. The structure employed includes an ultrasonic mechanism and a stirring deposition mechanism. The ultrasonic mechanism generates ultrasonic vibrations; the stirring deposition mechanism is mounted on top of the ultrasonic mechanism; wherein the stirring deposition mechanism includes a holding member and a driving member, the driving member being drively connected to the holding member, and the holding member driving the deposition rod to move.

[0051] It should be noted that the substrate is mounted on the ultrasonic mechanism during use.

[0052] like Figure 14 As shown, this invention is mounted on the worktable of a CNC milling machine, utilizing the CNC milling machine as the power source. Furthermore, the rotational speed V can be easily adjusted via the CNC milling machine.r Feed rate V f speed of travel V d Process parameters, etc.

[0053] Therefore, the drive component is mounted on the spindle of a CNC milling machine, and the spindle is used to control the operation of the drive component, thereby achieving a rotational speed V. r Feed rate V f speed of travel V d The driving component drives the deposition rod at a feed rate V. f While feeding downwards, the drive unit moves in a V-shape. r The gripping component rotates, which in turn drives the deposition rod to rotate. Simultaneously, the driving component rotates in a V-shape. d The gripping component moves, causing the deposition rod to move. At this time, the deposition rod experiences support, rotational friction, and horizontal movement friction relative to the substrate. Simultaneously, the ultrasonic mechanism provides ultrasonic vibration to the substrate. The substrate is subjected to both ultrasonic vibration and the frictional agitation of the deposition rod, resulting in a smoother coating process, a wider coating surface, less spatter at the coating edges, and a stronger bond between the coating and the substrate. This also reduces the surface roughness of the coating (e.g., ...). Figure 16 (As shown).

[0054] Understandably, under the action of the CNC milling machine spindle, the driving component can provide the deposition rod on the holding component with a feed speed, drive the holding component to rotate the deposition rod and drive the deposition rod to move along the substrate for friction stirring deposition; thus realizing the friction stirring deposition between the deposition rod and the substrate.

[0055] In some embodiments of this disclosure, one structure of an ultrasonic mechanism is provided. For example... Figure 1-3 As shown, the ultrasonic mechanism includes a first support frame 1, a second support frame 4, a support plate 5, a worktable support 3, a worktable 11, an ultrasonic transducer 2, and an ultrasonic generator 19. The second support frame 4 is mounted on top of the first support frame 1; the support plate 5 is mounted on top of the second support frame 4 to support the gripping components; the worktable support 3 is mounted on the second support frame 4; the worktable 11 is mounted on the worktable support 3, and its top extends upward through the support plate 5; the ultrasonic transducer 2 is mounted on the first support frame 1 and is connected to the worktable 11 via a transmission; the ultrasonic generator 19 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 2; wherein, the worktable 11 has at least two weight-reducing grooves 111 that penetrate through its sides.

[0056] A substrate 10 is placed on a worktable 11. A connection structure between the substrate and the worktable includes multiple screws, which securely connect the substrate and the worktable. Multiple screw holes are distributed on the worktable, and through holes are formed on the substrate corresponding to these screw holes. Screws pass through these through holes and are threaded into the screw holes. The connection between the substrate and the worktable via screws facilitates the installation and removal of the substrate from the worktable. Furthermore, the presence of a certain clearance between the screw holes and the screws on the screws allows the inherent frequency used in this invention to be close to the upper limit of automatic frequency modulation.

[0057] The top of the workbench 11 extends upward through the support plate 5, and the support plate 5 can limit the horizontal movement of the workbench 11.

[0058] The workbench 11 has at least two through-side weight-reducing grooves 111, which can reduce the weight of the workbench. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the weight-reducing groove can be in the form of a square groove structure, extending through both sides of the worktable. The number of weight-reducing grooves can be 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, etc. The width of the weight-reducing groove can be set according to the length of the worktable. The width of the weight-reducing groove is 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3 cm, etc., and the height of the weight-reducing groove on the worktable can be 3 / 5 to 4 / 5 of the worktable height.

[0059] One structure of the worktable of the present invention is as follows: Figure 17 As shown, the worktable is made of 6061 aluminum alloy. The coating substrate is fixed to the worktable with titanium alloy screws for easy replacement. Figures (b)-(d) show the simulation results of the worktable at around 20kHz using ANSYS software. At a frequency of 17051Hz, the stirring tool exhibits lateral expansion and contraction (as shown in figure b), and at a frequency of 20915Hz, the stirring tool exhibits significant torsion (as shown in figure d), both of which do not meet the design requirements. However, at a frequency of 20277Hz, uniform up-and-down ultrasonic vibrations are generated on the upper surface of the substrate (as shown in figure c). This meets the design requirements, and the vibration mode shown is the vibration mode required for the experiment.

[0060] It should be noted that the ultrasonic transducer is connected to the worktable via the amplitude transformer of the ultrasonic transducer.

[0061] It should also be noted that the ultrasonic generator has an automatic frequency tracking function, which can automatically adjust the frequency within a range of ±400Hz. When the ultrasonic generator is turned on, it drives the ultrasonic transducer to work, and the ultrasonic transducer transmits power to the worktable, causing the worktable to vibrate. Using a CYS-J200 ultrasonic amplitude measuring instrument (Hangzhou Supersonic Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd.), the surface amplitude of the coated substrate was tested and found to be uniform. The amplitude of the coated substrate can be adjusted by adjusting the amplitude ratio of the ultrasonic generator (the ultrasonic generator can be: HRK-2012A fully computerized automatic frequency tracking ultrasonic generator, frequency range 20k±400Hz, rated power 2kw, manufacturer: Dongguan Huarongke Ultrasonic Co., Ltd.). When the amplitude ratio of the ultrasonic generator is adjusted to 50% to 80%, the corresponding measured amplitude is in the range of 10 to 40μm.

[0062] During use, the ultrasonic generator (HRK-2012A fully computerized automatic frequency-tracking ultrasonic generator, frequency range 20k±400Hz, rated power 2kW, Dongguan Huarongke Ultrasonic Co., Ltd.) was turned on, and the worktable vibrated. The vibration effect on the substrate surface was tested using a CYS-J200 ultrasonic amplitude meter (Hangzhou Supersonic Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd.), and it was found that the amplitude was uniform at all points on the surface. Adjusting the amplitude ratio of the ultrasonic generator resulted in corresponding changes in the substrate amplitude. When the amplitude ratio of the ultrasonic generator was adjusted to 50%–80%, the corresponding measured amplitude was within the range of 10–40μm, meeting the design requirements.

[0063] like Figure 1-3 As shown, one structure of the second support frame 4 may include two support vertical plates, which are installed at intervals on the top surface of the first support frame 1. A workbench bracket 3 is mounted on each support vertical plate. The two workbench brackets 3 support the workbench 11. One structure of the workbench bracket 3 includes a support shaft 32 and at least two support seats 31; the at least two support seats 31 are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the support shaft 32 passes through the at least two support seats 31. The number of support seats 31 may be 2, 3, 4, or 5, etc.

[0064] Working principle of the ultrasonic mechanism: The ultrasonic generator 19 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 2. The ultrasonic generator drives the ultrasonic transducer 2 to work. The ultrasonic transducer 2 transmits to the worktable 11 through the amplitude transformer, and the worktable 11 vibrates, realizing ultrasonic vibration of the worktable.

[0065] In some embodiments of this disclosure, one structure of the driving component is provided. For example... Figure 3-7 As shown, the driving component includes a tool holder 15, a push rod 17, and a sliding sleeve 8; one end of the sliding sleeve 8 is connected to the tool holder 15, and the other end is connected to the stirring and deposition mechanism; the push rod 17 is movably inserted into the stirring and deposition mechanism and is connected to the sliding sleeve 8 in a transmission manner.

[0066] like Figure 3 As shown, the tool holder 15 includes a fixed end 151, a support end 152, and a limiting bearing; the fixed end 151 is installed on one side of the limiting bearing, and the support end 152 is provided on the other side. The fixed end 151 is connected to the spindle of the CNC milling machine. The support end 152 is connected to the sliding sleeve 8; the sliding sleeve 8 is fitted onto the support end 152.

[0067] The sliding sleeve 8 and the support end 152 can be connected by a screw. The circumferential surface of the sliding sleeve 8 has at least 3 threaded holes, and the number of threaded holes can usually be 3, 4, 5 or 6, etc. The screw is screwed into the threaded hole and supported on the support end 152. Tightening the screw will fix the sliding sleeve to the support end 152.

[0068] The fixed end 151 on the CNC milling machine spindle drives the tool holder 15, and the supporting end 152 on the tool holder 15 drives the sliding sleeve 8 to perform corresponding actions. The sliding sleeve 8 can slide relative to the holding member and drive the holding member to perform corresponding actions, such as feeding, rotating, and horizontally rotating the holding member; thereby the holding member drives the corresponding substrate of the deposition rod to perform corresponding actions.

[0069] In some embodiments of this disclosure, a structure for the gripping member is provided. For example... Figure 2-7 As shown, the holding component includes two sliding supports 6, a sliding plate 9, a rotating sleeve 7, and a stirring tool 12. The two sliding supports 6 are arranged in parallel with a gap between them; one end of the sliding plate 9 is slidably mounted on one sliding support 6, and the other end is slidably mounted on the other sliding support 6; the rotating sleeve 7 is rotatably mounted on the sliding plate 9; the stirring tool 12 is movably mounted on the rotating sleeve 7 and is used to hold the sedimentation rod 18.

[0070] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, two sliding supports 6 are installed parallel to each other on the support plate 5 at intervals. The slide plate 9 can move relative to the support plate 5 under the action of the sliding supports, so the slide plate 9 can drive the rotating sleeve 7 installed on it to move. The rotating sleeve 7 is rotatably connected to the slide plate 9. Therefore, the driving component can drive the rotating sleeve 7 to rotate relative to the slide plate 9. The driving component can also exert a horizontal force on the rotating sleeve 7, so that the rotating sleeve 7 pushes the slide plate to slide along the support plate 5.

[0071] Understandably, during operation, when the driving component applies rotational force to the rotating sleeve 7, the rotating sleeve 7 rotates and drives the stirring tool 12 to rotate, and the stirring tool 12 drives the deposition rod 18 to rotate; when the driving component continuously applies feed force to the rotating sleeve 7, it pushes the deposition rod to move in friction with the substrate; when the driving component applies horizontal force to the rotating sleeve 7, the rotating sleeve 7 pushes the slide plate 9 to slide along the sliding support 6 relative to the support plate 5, and the stirring tool 12 drives the deposition rod to move, and the deposition rod moves in friction and stirring with the substrate.

[0072] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and 4 As shown, one structure of the sliding support is given. The sliding support 6 includes a fixed support 63, a guide rod 62 and a slider 61; the fixed supports 63 are installed at both ends of the guide rod 62; the slider 61 is slidably installed on the guide rod 62; wherein, the slider 61 and the slide plate 9 are connected by multiple bolts.

[0073] The slider 61 is slidably mounted on the guide rod 62. In order to make the slider slide better on the guide rod, a sliding bearing is added. The slider 61 and the guide rod 62 are connected by the sliding bearing. The slider 61 can slide smoothly along the guide rod with the help of the sliding bearing.

[0074] When the pressure plate 13 is installed on the slide plate 9, the pressure plate 13 protrudes from the surface of the slide plate 9. In order to facilitate the slide plate to be attached to the slider 61, the slider 61 is provided with a recess 611. When the pressure plate 13 is installed on the slider 61 along with the slide plate 9, the pressure plate is inserted into the recess 611.

[0075] Both ends of the slide plate 9 are bolted to the corresponding sliders 61, which facilitates both the connection and disassembly of the slide plate and slider. Furthermore, it allows for adjustment of the distance between the slide plate and the substrate, thereby adjusting the distance between the stirring tool 12 and the substrate, and consequently, the coating height. One method for adjusting the coating height is as follows: After one layer of deposition material is applied, loosen the bolts between the slider 61 and the slide plate 9, place a shim of similar thickness to the coating on top of the slider 61, adjust it, and then tighten the bolts between the slider 61 and the slide plate 9. Under the action of the bolts, the slider 61 and the slide plate 9 are fixedly connected, and the slider 61 and the slide plate 9 clamp the shim, limiting the distance between the stirring tool and the coating. Another layer can then be deposited on top of the previous layer. This process is repeated until the desired deposition height is achieved.

[0076] In some embodiments of this disclosure, a rotatable connection structure between the rotating sleeve and the sliding plate is provided. For example... Figure 5-7 As shown, a first thrust plane bearing 14, a second thrust plane bearing 16, and a pressure plate 13 are added and installed. The slide plate 9 has a support hole 91, and a support platform 92 is provided on the inner side of the top of the support hole 91. One end of the rotating sleeve 7 is inserted into the top of the support hole 91 and connected to the first thrust plane bearing 14 and the second thrust plane bearing 16. The pressure plate 13 supports the first thrust plane bearing 14, the second thrust plane bearing 16, and the rotating sleeve 7 in the support hole 91, and the first thrust plane bearing 14 is attached to the support platform 92. The pressure plate 13 and the slide plate 9 are fixedly connected by multiple screws.

[0077] The pressure plate 13 and the slide plate 9 can be fixedly connected by 3, 4, 5 or 6 screws.

[0078] like Figure 5-7As shown, one end of the rotating sleeve 7 is clamped by the first thrust plane bearing 14 and the second thrust plane bearing 16. When the bolt is tightened, the pressure plate 13 presses the first thrust plane bearing 14 and the second thrust plane bearing 16 into the support hole 91, and the first thrust plane bearing 14 and the second thrust plane bearing 16 clamp the rotating sleeve 7 and fix it in the support hole 91. The rotating sleeve 7 can rotate relative to the slide plate 9 under the action of the first thrust plane bearing 14 and the second thrust plane bearing 16.

[0079] In some embodiments of this disclosure, such as Figure 8-10 As shown, one structure of the rotating sleeve is given. The rotating sleeve 7 includes a positioning support 75, a boss 72, and a rotating body 71. The positioning support 75 has a boss 72 on one side and a rotating body 71 on the other side; the boss 72 has a conical hole 73; the rotating body 71 has a sliding groove 77 and a guide rod groove 76, and the guide rod groove 76 communicates with the conical hole 73.

[0080] like Figure 8 As shown, the boss 72 is used to connect with the second thrust plane bearing 16, and the positioning platform 75 is used to clamp the rotating sleeve 7 between the first thrust plane bearing 14 and the second thrust plane bearing 16. The pressure plate 13 presses the second thrust plane bearing 16, the second thrust plane bearing 16 presses the positioning platform 75, and the positioning platform 75 presses the first thrust plane bearing 16 against the support hole 91. The bolts between the pressure plate 13 and the slide plate 9 are tightened, and the pressure plate 13 fixes the first thrust plane bearing 14, the second thrust plane bearing 16 and the rotating sleeve 7 on the slide plate 9.

[0081] It should be noted that, in order to cooperate with the rotating body on the rotating sleeve, such as Figure 6 , 7 As shown, the sliding sleeve 8 is provided with two parallel sliding tracks 81 spaced apart from each other. The two rotating bodies 71 on the positioning platform 75 are slidably connected to the corresponding sliding tracks 81. A sliding groove 77 is provided between the two rotating bodies 71, so that the rotating bodies can be smoothly connected to the sliding tracks.

[0082] To facilitate the sliding of the push rod within the rotating sleeve and stirring tool, the sliding sleeve 8 is provided with a top core 82.

[0083] like Figure 10 As shown, each of the two rotating bodies 71 has a groove on its corresponding side, and the two grooves together form a guide rod groove 76. The push rod 17 is inserted into the guide rod groove 76 and can slide along the guide rod groove 76. Of course, when the sliding sleeve 8 slides downward relative to the rotating sleeve 7, the top core 82 on the sliding sleeve 8 is inserted into the guide rod groove 76 and can slide along the guide rod groove 76.

[0084] Understandably, the sedimentation rod 18 and the push rod 17 can be cuboids. The cuboid structure of the sedimentation rod 18 facilitates rotation by the stirring tool.

[0085] In some embodiments of this disclosure, a structure for a stirring tool is provided. For example... Figure 11 and 12 As shown, the stirring tool 12 has a spliced ​​structure, including two half-stirring tools that are aligned and spliced ​​together. The half-stirring tools are connected to the rotating sleeve 7 by screws. Each half-stirring tool includes a supporting boss 125, a supporting platform 124, a positioning support platform 122, and a conical body 121. The positioning support platform 122 has a supporting platform 124 on one side and a conical body 121 on the other side. The supporting platform 124 has a supporting boss 125, and the end face of the supporting boss 125 is circumferentially provided with multiple V-shaped grooves 126. The supporting boss 125, the supporting platform 124, the positioning support platform 122, and the conical body 121 are provided with a through groove 128, and a chamfer 127 is provided at the edge connection between the groove 128 and the supporting boss 125. The width of the groove 128 increases from the conical body 121 to the supporting boss 125.

[0086] like Figure 8 As shown, the top surface of the boss 72 of the rotating sleeve 7 has screw holes distributed around its circumference. Half of the stirring tool is inserted into the rotating sleeve, and the positioning support platform 122 and the boss 72 can be connected by a screw. In order to make the nut of the screw protrude from the surface of the positioning support platform 122, the hole opened on the positioning support platform 122 is a countersunk hole, which makes it easy to sink the nut on the screw into the countersunk hole and prevent the nut of the screw from protruding from the surface of the positioning support platform.

[0087] Two conical bodies 121 are inserted into the conical holes 73 of the rotating sleeve 7 and spliced ​​together, and the positioning support platform 122 is connected to the boss by a screw, thereby realizing the splicing of the two conical bodies. The conical structure obtained after splicing the two conical bodies 121 can have a taper of 16° to 18°, such as 16°, 17° or 18°.

[0088] Understandably, after the two halves of the stirring tool are installed on the rotating sleeve, the sliding grooves 128 of the two halves of the stirring tool are spliced ​​together to form a deposition rod through groove. In use, the deposition rod can be slidably inserted into the deposition rod through groove of the stirring tool 12 through the guide rod groove 76 of the rotating sleeve, and then supported on the substrate 10 through the deposition rod through groove of the stirring tool 12.

[0089] The width of the chute 128 increases progressively from the conical body 121 to the supporting boss 125. After the two halves of the stirring tool are joined together, the two chutes are joined to form a sedimentation rod channel with a slightly tapered funnel-shaped structure. The taper can be 1°.

[0090] It should be noted that the stirring tool consists of two halves, which are connected to the rotating sleeve via screws, allowing for a detachable connection between the stirring tool and the rotating sleeve. In production, if a sediment rod becomes stuck in the stirring tool, the stuck sediment rod can be removed by disassembling both halves of the stirring tool.

[0091] like Figure 12 As shown, the support boss 125 has a flared opening in the middle, and multiple spaced V-shaped grooves are formed around its top surface. The depth of the V-shaped grooves can be 0.8 to 1 mm. Typically, depths of 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, or 1 mm are selected. The edge of the flared opening is chamfered 127. The rotating sleeve drives the two half-stirring tools to rotate. The material around the sedimentation rod and the stirring tools is centrifugally discharged out of the stirring tools through the V-shaped grooves 126, preventing material from accumulating between the sedimentation rod and the stirring tools, and also preventing material from accumulating in the gap between the sedimentation rod and the stirring tools, which could cause the sedimentation rod to jam.

[0092] According to the above embodiments of the present invention, the specific working method of the present invention is as follows:

[0093] The invention is installed on the CNC milling machine table. The tool holder 15 and the sliding sleeve 8 are connected and fixed with screws. The tool holder 15 is installed on the spindle of the CNC milling machine. The ultrasonic mechanism is installed as a whole on the CNC milling machine table. The substrate 10 is fixed to the ultrasonic mechanism's table 11 with screws. Then, a sliding support 6 is installed on the support plate 5. The rotating sleeve 7 is installed on the slide plate 9 through the first thrust plane bearing 14, the second thrust plane bearing 16, and the pressure plate 13. The stirring tool 12 is positioned and installed on the rotating sleeve 7. Then, the slide plate 9 is fixedly connected to the slider 61 of the sliding support 6 with screws. Moving the slide plate 9 causes the rotating sleeve 7 to deviate from the sliding sleeve 8. Then, the deposition rod 18 is placed into the guide rod groove 76 of the rotating sleeve 7 and falls smoothly into the deposition rod through groove in the middle of the stirring tool 12. Then, it falls through the deposition rod through groove to the top surface of the substrate 10. Then, the push rod 17 is placed into the guide rod groove 76 and falls down to press against the deposition rod 18.

[0094] After installation, the first step is to use a calibration device to ensure that the sliding trajectory of the slide plate 9 is parallel to the X-axis or Y-axis of the CNC milling machine, and that the center of the rotating sleeve 7 is coaxial with the center of the CNC milling machine spindle. Then, the feed speed f of the coating material, the rotation speed r of the stirring tool, and the moving speed v of the stirring tool are set according to the test requirements.

[0095] During the experiment, the ultrasonic generator 19 was turned on, transmitting a signal to the ultrasonic transducer 2. The ultrasonic transducer 2, based on the received signal, transmitted the signal to the worktable 11 via an amplitude transformer. The worktable 11 generated ultrasonic vibration, causing normal ultrasonic vibration on the upper surface of the substrate 10. Then, the spindle of the CNC machine tool was moved downwards, causing the sliding sleeve 8 to engage with the rotating sleeve 7. The CNC milling machine spindle was then started. The CNC milling machine spindle operated according to the set feed speed f of the coating material, the rotation speed r of the mixing tool, and the moving speed v of the mixing tool head. The CNC milling machine spindle drove the tool holder 1... 5. Rotation and descent: The handle 15 drives the sliding sleeve 8 to push the push rod 17, which in turn pushes the deposition rod 18 down. The deposition rod 18 touches the substrate 10, thus feeding the deposition rod. Under the support of the slide plate 9, the sliding sleeve 8 drives the rotating sleeve 7 to rotate and move. The stirring tool 12 carries the deposition rod 18. Under the action of the sliding sleeve 8 and the push rod 17, the deposition rod 18 moves along the sliding direction of the slide plate 9 while descending. The material is heated and softened by the friction between the deposition rod 18 and the substrate 10, and a deposition layer is coated on the substrate 10, which is to obtain a coating on the surface of the substrate.

[0096] After the experiment, the slide plate 9 was removed from the sliding support 6, and together with the rotating sleeve 7 connected to the slide plate, the thrust plane bearing, the pressure plate, and the stirring tool 12 were removed as a whole; then the substrate on the workbench 11 was removed to facilitate the study of the coating obtained on the surface of the substrate 8.

[0097] This invention incorporates ultrasonic-assisted coating. Ultrasonic-assisted friction-stir coating relies on the friction between the coating rod and the substrate, along with ultrasonic vibration, to soften the material, but without reaching the material's melting point. The coating is then applied to the substrate via solid-state welding. Because the material is in a solid state, the intense plastic deformation during coating refines and strengthens locally weak areas, resulting in a more uniform and fine-grained structure. Due to the ultrasonic waves, the material softens more easily, exhibits better flowability, achieves better grain refinement, better structural uniformity, and better adhesion to the substrate. Therefore, the material's hardness and wear resistance are superior to those of conventional friction-stir coating.

[0098] Application Experiment:

[0099] This invention adds ultrasound-assisted verification:

[0100] This invention adds an ultrasonic auxiliary device, making the ultrasonic system relatively independent and allowing for selective on / off operation without affecting the coating device. There are three main forms of ultrasonic vibration loading: loading onto a rotating stirring tool (Type A), direct loading onto the upper surface of the substrate (Type B), and loading onto the lower surface of the substrate (Type C). Type A is affected by the weight and force variations of the rotating stirring tool, making energy conversion and sound effects difficult to control. Type B acts on the substrate first, utilizing the hysteresis of the ultrasonic effect to achieve the processing effect; its application effect is significantly affected by the substrate material and coating material. Type C ultrasonic vibration acts on the lower surface of the substrate, resulting in a significant reduction in ultrasonic energy reaching the working area. Furthermore, energy accumulation easily occurs at the contact surface between the ultrasonic amplitude rod and the substrate, leading to overheating and burnout of the amplitude rod or substrate. Therefore, none of the above three methods meet the requirements of this invention. To ensure the controllability and stability of ultrasonic loading and meet the working requirements of high-pressure, high-power ultrasound, and for ease of modular design and manufacturing, this invention adopts a scheme of loading ultrasound onto a worktable (such as a CNC milling machine worktable). Its working principle is as follows... Figure 15 As shown.

[0101] like Figure 14 As shown, the ultrasonic-assisted friction stirring deposition test device of this invention is installed on the worktable of a CNC milling machine. The device is designed as an independent module and can be directly installed on the CNC milling machine for use. The ultrasonic auxiliary system is an optional module; when ultrasonic waves are required, an external 20K ultrasonic generator can be connected. Modern CNC milling machines have relatively complete three-axis machining capabilities, which can well meet the control requirements of this design for the feed speed f of the coating material, the rotation speed r of the stirring tool, and the moving speed v of the stirring tool.

[0102] The ultrasonic-assisted friction stirring deposition device of the present invention consists of two parts, as follows:

[0103] The first part is the ultrasonic mechanism, which includes a worktable 11, an ultrasonic transducer 2, and an ultrasonic generator 19. The ultrasonic generator 19 produces ultrasonic waves that vibrate vertically, and the amplitude and power of the ultrasonic waves can be adjusted by the ultrasonic generator. The worktable is connected to the amplitude transformer of the ultrasonic transducer. The lower end face of the worktable 11 is fixed with a bracket to prevent it from moving or rotating under load. The worktable surface has dimensions of 120×40mm, and the upper surface has 12 M6 screw holes. The coating base plate 6 can be firmly fixed to the worktable through 12 densely packed titanium alloy wire holes 7. The coating base plate has dimensions of 120×40×5mm. The shape and size of the worktable are carefully designed, and the combination of the worktable and the coating base plate (substrate) has been verified through simulation and experiments to ensure that uniform ultrasonic vibration is generated on the upper surface of the coating base plate.

[0104] The second part is the stirring deposition mechanism, which includes a tool holder, sliding sleeve, rotating sleeve, push rod, stirring tool, slide plate, slider, and guide rod. The tool holder and sliding sleeve are fixed together with set screws. To prevent the deposition rod from getting stuck in the stirring tool, the stirring tool consists of left and right halves, which are fixed to the rotating sleeve with screws. If necessary, the screws can be loosened to remove the stirring tool and take out the deposition rod stuck inside. The rotating sleeve is rotatably mounted on the slide plate, and the slider can move horizontally along the guide rod. The slide plate and slider are fixedly connected by screws. The stirring tool is movably mounted on the rotating sleeve. The gap between the stirring tool and the coating substrate can be adjusted by adding or removing shims on the slider. Layers can also be added one at a time for additive stir friction deposition (AFSD) tests.

[0105] During operation, first, install the optional ultrasonic-assisted friction stirring deposition test device on the CNC milling machine worktable. Use a dial indicator to adjust the slide bar so that its centerline is parallel to the X-axis movement direction of the machine tool. Then, install the tool holder and sliding sleeve 11 on the CNC milling machine spindle. Insert the deposition rod 18 and push rod 17 sequentially through the square hole in the center of the rotating sleeve, allowing the deposition rod to slide to the lower end of the stirring tool and contact the coating base plate (substrate). Lower the CNC milling machine spindle to allow the sliding sleeve to fit into the rotating sleeve, ensuring that the top core in the middle of the sliding sleeve abuts the push rod. After adjustment, lock the Y-axis of the machine tool. Finally, run the program according to the set coating material feed speed f, tool head rotation speed r, and tool head movement speed v.

[0106] Mixing tools:

[0107] like Figure 11 and 12 The diagram shown is a structural diagram of the stirring tool of the present invention.

[0108] The stirring tool comes into direct contact with the coating material. The coating process generates stirring and shearing effects on the coating material (and the substrate), which has a critical impact on the efficiency of frictional heat generation, material flow behavior, material microstructure, the adhesion between the coating and the substrate, and the surface quality of the coating.

[0109] There are four types of existing stirring tools: flat-bottomed, inclined, double-protrusion, and four-teardrop. Each type has its own characteristics, with the four-teardrop type being the most widely used, but it is difficult to suit the requirements of small-scale experiments. In our experiments, we found that stirring tools with protrusions are not only prone to wear, but the deposition rod can also easily get stuck in the tool head's hole. Furthermore, when using ultrasonic-assisted coating, aluminum material can easily adhere to the protrusions, causing tool head failure. In order to reduce the friction between the deposition rod and the protrusion-bearing stirring tool, a layer of graphite was coated on the coating surface before the experiment, which can alleviate these drawbacks to some extent. However, the use of lubricant not only increases the experimental difficulty but also introduces many uncertainties to materials research. Therefore, the stirring tool of this invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing stirring tools. The structure adopted is as follows: the coating surface of the stirring tool has six V-shaped grooves, each 0.8 mm deep. The edge of the inner hole is chamfered at 5°, and the inner hole is machined into a small tapered flared mouth (1°). The stirring tool is split in half from the middle, forming a spliced ​​structure to facilitate the removal of the remaining coating rod. The cone-shaped part (the mounting part, used to insert into the rotating sleeve) on the mixing tool is conical (cone angle 16°), and each half of the mixing tool is provided with two disassembly screw holes for easy disassembly and assembly.

[0110] Coating test:

[0111] like Figure 14 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the present invention used in an experiment; as can be seen in the figure, the present invention is installed on the CNC milling machine worktable, with the CNC milling machine as the power source.

[0112] Experimental materials:

[0113] Substrate: A 120×120×5mm commercial 1060 aluminum alloy was used as the coating base plate. The manufacturer of the 1060 aluminum alloy was Shenzhen Jinyuanding Hardware Mold Co., Ltd. A total of 3 samples were prepared.

[0114] Deposition rods:

[0115] The first type of deposition rod: a 4.9×4.9×20mm deposition rod made of 6061 aluminum alloy extruded after hot sintering in powder metallurgy.

[0116] The second type of deposition rod: a 4.9×4.9×20mm deposition rod made of 0.5wt.% nanodiamond-reinforced 6061 aluminum-based composite material.

[0117] The third type of deposition rod: a 4.9×4.9×20mm deposition rod made of 1.5wt.% nanodiamond-reinforced 6061 aluminum-based composite material.

[0118] Distance between stirring tool and substrate: The gap between the stirring tool 12 and the substrate 10 mounted on the worktable 11 is adjusted to 0.6mm.

[0119] After the equipment and apparatus were debugged, coating was carried out using process parameters of 7000 rpm rotation speed, 7 mm / min deposition rod descent speed, and 24 mm / min horizontal travel speed. Each type of deposition rod underwent friction stirring deposition and ultrasonic-assisted friction stirring deposition.

[0120] Coating results as follows Figure 16 As shown in the figure, AFSD represents additive triboelectric stirring deposition. UAAFSD represents ultrasonic-assisted triboelectric stirring deposition according to the present invention.

[0121] The results show that the coatings of all three materials bond very well to the substrate. Among them, the AA6061 aluminum alloy AFSD has the smoothest surface, while UAAFSD, although showing a decrease in surface roughness, exhibits greater coating broadening (see...). Figure 16 a). For 0.5% ND / AA6061 and 1.5% ND / AA6061 composites with higher hardness and brittleness, the surface quality of the coating decreases with increasing ND content. Without ultrasonic AFSD machining, the machine tool exhibits significant vibration. With ultrasonic machining enabled, the machine tool operates smoothly, the resulting coating spread is wider, and there is less spatter at the coating edges. Figure 16 (b, c) Microstructural characterization revealed that both the AFSD and UAAFSD coatings exhibited relatively fine grains. Among the six material samples, except for the AA6061 aluminum alloy processed with AFSD, which had an average equivalent grain diameter of 1.25 μm, the average equivalent grain diameter of the AFSD and UAAFSD coatings in the other materials was less than 1 μm, indicating an ultrafine-grained structure. The dispersed phase in the composite material was uniformly distributed; the precipitated phase was finely precipitated and uniformly dispersed.

[0122] The coating and substrate interface materials interlock to form a good bonding effect (see...) Figure 18 In the figure, (a) and (b) are optical microscope images of the coating bonding interface; (c) and (d) are EBSD images of the coating bonding interface.

[0123] Figure 18 Figures (a) and (b) show that there is a continuous bonding interface between the AA6061 and ND / AA6061 coatings and the substrate, without cracks or pores. Figure 18 Figures (c) and (d) show the EBSD diagrams of the coating bonding interface. Figure 18 As shown in (c), the AA6061 coating and the substrate material have cross-fused without a clear boundary, which will result in a strong metallurgical bond at the interface. The large grains of the substrate are elongated, with many LAGBs within the grains, indicating that recrystallization of most of the substrate grains near the bonding interface is incomplete. In contrast, the 0.5% ND / AA6061 coating and the substrate have a clear boundary, and the coating grains are significantly smaller than the substrate grains. Figure 18The grain size ratio of the substrate in (d) Figure 18 The value of (c) is much smaller. This is because the hardness of the 0.5% ND / AA6061 feed rod is much higher than that of AA6061, which leads to more intense stirring of the substrate material by the feed rod during the AFSD process, resulting in more complete recrystallization of the substrate and the formation of a finer grain structure. This strong stirring also helps to break the aluminum oxide film on the contact surface and enhance the metallurgical bonding force of the joint interface.

[0124] like Figure 19 The diagram shows the microstructure of the coating of the present invention, where (a) is an AA6061 coating and (b) is a 0.5% ND / AA6061 coating. Figure 19 (b) shows that the interface between the 0.5% ND / AA6061 coating and the substrate is serrated. This non-planar interface forms a mechanical interlocking structure and also enhances the interfacial adhesion.

[0125] like Figure 20 The image shows the hardness distribution of the coating after friction stirring. The left image shows the hardness distribution along the thickness direction, and the right image shows the hardness distribution along the horizontal direction.

[0126] like Figure 21 The image shows the hardness distribution of the coating after ultrasonic-assisted friction stirring coating according to the present invention. The left image shows the hardness distribution along the thickness direction, and the right image shows the hardness distribution along the horizontal direction.

[0127] Depend on Figure 20 and 21 As shown, using AA6061 as the substrate, the average hardness of the AA6061 coating after friction-stirring coating reaches approximately 82.1 HV; the coating with a nanodiamond content of 1.5 wt.% achieves a hardness of 135.3 HV, an improvement of 62.4%. After ultrasonic-assisted friction-stirring coating, the hardness of the AA6061 coating reaches approximately 106.4 HV, and the coating with a nanodiamond content of 1.5 wt.% achieves a hardness of 164.1 HV, an improvement of 54.23%.

[0128] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic-assisted friction stir deposition apparatus, characterized by: include An ultrasonic mechanism for generating ultrasonic vibrations; and A stirring deposition mechanism is mounted on top of the ultrasonic mechanism; The stirring deposition mechanism includes a holding component and a driving component, wherein the driving component and the holding component are connected in a transmission manner, and the holding component drives the deposition rod to move; The gripping component includes two sliding supports (6) arranged in parallel with a gap between them; a sliding plate (9), one end of which is slidably mounted on one sliding support (6) and the other end of which is slidably mounted on another sliding support (6); a rotating sleeve (7), which is rotatably mounted on the sliding plate (9); and a stirring tool (12), which is movably mounted on the rotating sleeve (7) and used to grip the sedimentation rod (18); The stirring tool (12) is a spliced ​​structure, comprising two half-stirring tools that are aligned and spliced ​​together. The half-stirring tool is connected to the rotating sleeve (7) via a screw. Each half-stirring tool includes a supporting boss (125), a supporting platform (124), a positioning support platform (122), and a conical body (121). The positioning support platform (122) has a supporting platform (124) on one side and a conical body (121) on the other side. The supporting platform (124)... A support boss (125) is provided, and a plurality of V-shaped grooves (126) are spaced apart on the end face of the support boss (125); the support boss (125), the support platform (124), the positioning support platform (122), and the cone (121) are provided with through grooves (128), and a chamfer (127) is provided at the connection between the groove (128) and the edge of the support boss (125); the width of the groove (128) increases from the cone (121) to the support boss (125).

2. The ultrasonic-assisted friction stir deposition apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The ultrasonic mechanism includes First support frame (1); The second support frame (4) is mounted on top of the first support frame (1); Support plate (5), which is mounted on top of the second support frame (4) and is used to support the gripping component; Workbench support (3), the workbench support (3) is mounted on the second support frame (4); A workbench (11) is mounted on a workbench support (3) and its top extends upward through a support plate (5); An ultrasonic transducer (2), wherein the ultrasonic transducer (2) is mounted on a first support frame (1) and is connected to the worktable (11) via a transmission connection; and An ultrasonic generator (19) is connected to an ultrasonic transducer (2); The workbench (11) is provided with at least two weight-reducing grooves (111) that extend through its sides.

3. The ultrasonic assisted friction stir deposition apparatus of claim 1, wherein: It also includes a first thrust plane bearing (14), a second thrust plane bearing (16), and a pressure plate (13). The slide plate has a support hole (91), and a support platform is provided on the inner side of the top of the support hole (91); One end of the rotating sleeve (7) is inserted into the top of the support hole (91) and connected to the first thrust plane bearing (14) and the second thrust plane bearing (16); The pressure plate (13) supports the first thrust plane bearing (14), the second thrust plane bearing (16), and the rotating sleeve (7) in the support hole (91), and the first thrust plane bearing (14) is attached to the support platform, while the pressure plate (13) and the slide plate (9) are fixedly connected by multiple bolts.

4. The ultrasonic-assisted friction stir deposition apparatus of claim 3, wherein: The rotating sleeve (7) includes a positioning support (75), a boss (72), and a rotating body (71). The positioning support (75) has a boss (72) on one side and a rotating body (71) on the other side. The boss (72) has a tapered hole (73); The rotating body (71) has a sliding groove (77) and a guide bar groove (76), and the guide bar groove (76) is connected to the tapered hole (73).

5. The ultrasonic-assisted friction stir deposition apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The sliding support (6) includes a fixed support (63), a guide rod (62), and a slider (61). Fixed supports (63) are installed at both ends of the guide rod (62); The slider (61) is slidably mounted on the guide rod (62); The slider (61) and the slide plate (9) are connected by multiple screws.

6. The ultrasonic assisted friction stir deposition apparatus of any of claims 1-5, wherein: The driving component includes a tool holder (15) and a sliding sleeve (8); One end of the sliding sleeve (8) is connected to the handle (15), and the other end is connected to the gripping member.

7. The ultrasonic-assisted triboelectric stirring deposition apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sliding sleeve (8) is provided with a top core (82), and a slide rail (81) is opened on each of the corresponding sides of the top core (82).

8. The ultrasonic-assisted friction stir deposition apparatus of claim 6, wherein: It also includes the pusher (17); The push rod is inserted into the gripping member and is connected to the sliding sleeve (8) in a transmission manner.

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