An adaptive variable-diameter reaming drill pipe for reaming and permeability enhancement and its usage method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill pipe, comprising a drill pipe, an enlarging cutter arm, an opening and closing adjustment mechanism, a main cutting tool, an auxiliary cutting edge, a pressure regulating valve, and a connecting pipe head. Receiving grooves are evenly distributed on the outer side of the drill pipe, and an enlarging cutter arm is provided in each receiving groove. A main cutting tool is located in front of the front end of the enlarging cutter arm, and auxiliary cutting edges are evenly distributed on the inner side of the enlarging cutter arm. An opening and closing adjustment mechanism is provided on the outer side of the drill pipe corresponding to the rear end face of the receiving groove, and the front end face of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism abuts against and is slidably connected to the outer side face of the enlarging cutter arm. The present invention greatly simplifies the mechanical structure of the drilling equipment, improves the convenience of the equipment operation, and has good versatility and environmental applicability. At the same time, the borehole can be flexibly enlarged during the drilling process. While simplifying the enlarging operation process and reducing the difficulty of enlarging, the flexibility and convenience of the enlarging operation are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of coal seam hole expansion, pressure relief and permeability enhancement, and in particular to a hole expansion and permeability enhancement adaptive variable diameter hole expansion drill rod and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, in operations such as coal seam drilling, it is often necessary to expand the diameter of the borehole to achieve the purpose of increasing permeability. This demand is particularly prominent in the fields of coalbed methane mining and gas control. To address this problem, a large number of drill rod equipment with drilling and reaming functions have been developed, such as the "A mechanical reaming drill rod for geological exploration" with patent application number "202121358924.0" and the "Threaded drive reaming drill rod for mining anchor holes" with patent application number "201710389335.0". Although these patented technologies can meet the needs of drilling and reaming operations, they often require additional mechanical structures to equipment such as drill rods, which on the one hand leads to a relatively complex structure of the drilling equipment, and on the other hand, it also causes relatively poor transmission of driving force, control convenience and accuracy during reaming operations, which also affects the work efficiency of drilling and reaming operations to varying degrees, and increases the equipment operation and maintenance costs.

[0003] Therefore, in view of this, the inventor, based on many years of rich experience in design, development and actual production in the relevant industry, has conducted research and improvements on the existing structure and deficiencies, and provided a hole expansion and transparency enhancement adaptive variable diameter hole expansion drill rod. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hole enlarging and anti-transmittance adaptive variable diameter hole enlarging drill rod and a method of use. The technical solution involved in the invention greatly simplifies the mechanical structure of the drilling equipment, improves the convenience of equipment operation, and has good versatility and environmental applicability. At the same time, the borehole can be flexibly enlarged during the drilling process, while simplifying the hole enlarging operation process and reducing the difficulty of hole enlarging, effectively improving the flexibility and convenience of the hole enlarging operation.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a method for using the mechanical and hydraulic integrated variable diameter reaming drill rod, and a cavitation process of the hydraulic mechanical cavitation device:

[0006] A hole enlarging and anti-permeability adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill pipe, comprising a drill pipe, an enlarging cutter arm, an opening and closing adjustment mechanism, a main cutting tool, an auxiliary cutting edge, a pressure regulating valve, and a connecting pipe head. A main water channel coaxially distributed therewith is provided in the drill pipe, and a connecting pipe head is provided on the front end face and the rear end face of the drill pipe corresponding to the main water channel, and is connected to an external pipeline system through the connecting pipe head. At least two receiving grooves uniformly distributed around the axis of the drill pipe are uniformly distributed, and the axis of the receiving groove is parallel to the axis of the drill pipe, and an enlarging cutter arm is provided in each receiving groove. A plurality of water outlets and a diversion port are provided at the bottom of the receiving groove, and the water outlets and the diversion port are connected to the main water channel. The rear end face of the enlarging cutter arm is hinged to the side wall of the receiving groove by a hinge, and the enlarging cutter arm is hinged to the side wall of the receiving groove by a hinge. The chain rotates within the range of 0°-90°, and at least one auxiliary water guide channel parallel to its axis is provided in the expanding knife arm. A pressure regulating valve is provided at the rear end face of the expanding knife arm corresponding to the auxiliary water guide channel. The pressure regulating valve is also connected to the guide port of the receiving groove through a flexible connecting pipe. A main cutting tool is provided in front of the front end of the expanding knife arm, and a number of auxiliary cutting edges are evenly distributed along the axis of the inner side of the expanding knife arm. At least one jet port is provided at the position of the main cutting tool and the auxiliary cutting edge, and the jet ports are connected to the auxiliary water guide channel. An opening and closing adjustment mechanism is provided on the outer side of the drill rod corresponding to the rear end face of the receiving groove. The opening and closing adjustment mechanism is embedded in the outer side of the drill rod, and the front end face of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism is abutted against and slidably connected to the outer side of the expanding knife arm.

[0007] Furthermore, the bottom of the receiving groove forms an angle of 0°-30° with the axis of the drill rod. At the same time, when the rotation angle of the expanding knife arm is 0°, the expanding knife arm is embedded in the receiving groove, and the outer side surface of the receiving groove and the outer side surface of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism are flush with each other. At the same time, the distance between the side wall of the receiving groove and the side wall of the expanding knife arm is 0-1 mm. At the same time, the front end surface of the expanding knife arm exceeds the front end surface of the drill rod, and the length of the expanding knife arm located outside the front end surface of the drill rod is at least 1 / 3 of the total length of the expanding knife arm. In addition, at least one load-bearing spring is provided at the bottom of the receiving groove. The load-bearing spring is distributed along the axis direction of the receiving groove and is against the inner side surface of the expanding knife arm when the expanding knife arm is embedded in the receiving groove.

[0008] Furthermore, the expanded diameter knife arm includes a bearing arm, a guide groove, and a positioning pin. The bearing arm is a columnar structure with a cross-section of any one of a rectangle and an isosceles trapezoid. The cross-sectional area of the rear end face of the bearing arm is 1-3 times the cross-sectional area of the front end face. At the same time, the inner side face of the front half of the bearing arm and the front end face are both provided with a working surface with an angle of 0°-30° to its axis, wherein at least two guide grooves distributed along the axis direction of the bearing arm are provided on the working surface located on the inner side face of the bearing arm, and each guide groove is provided with a number of auxiliary cutting edges distributed along the axis direction thereof. At the same time, the guide grooves are distributed in parallel, and the auxiliary cutting edges in two adjacent guide grooves are spaced apart. They are distributed at intervals with each other, and each auxiliary cutting edge is connected to the guide groove by a positioning pin. A number of jet openings distributed along the axis of the guide arm are provided at the corresponding working surface position between two adjacent guide grooves, and the axis of the jet opening forms an angle of 30°-90° with the axis of the bearing arm; the working surface located at the front end surface of the bearing arm is connected to the main cutting tool, and the axis of the main cutting tool forms an angle of 0°-45° with the axis of the bearing arm. At least one jet opening is provided on the working surface corresponding to the outer side of the main cutting tool, and the axis of the jet opening intersects with the axis of the main cutting tool and forms an angle of 10°-30°, and the intersection is located at least 10 mm in front of the main cutting tool.

[0009] Furthermore, 1-3 chip grooves are provided on the outer side surface of the carrying arm and the working surface position on its inner side surface, and the chip grooves form an angle of 15°-60° with the axis of the carrying arm. At the same time, a guide groove is provided at the outer side surface of the carrying arm and the corresponding position of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, wherein the axis of the guide groove is parallel to the axis of the carrying arm, covering the outside of the front half of the adjustment mechanism, and the bottom of the guide groove is against and slidably connected to the front end surface of the adjustment mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the bottom of the guide groove is any one of an arc structure and a broken surface structure, and the depth of the guide groove decreases from the rear end surface of the carrying arm to the front end surface of the carrying arm.

[0011] Furthermore, a driving impeller is provided at the rear end surface of the expanded diameter blade arm, and the driving impeller is coaxially distributed with the hinge that connects it to the receiving groove, and a driving groove is provided at the bottom of the receiving groove corresponding to the driving impeller, and 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the driving impeller is embedded in the main water channel through the driving groove.

[0012] Furthermore, when there are two expanded diameter blade arms, the two expanded diameter blade arms are symmetrically distributed, and the driving impellers of the two expanded diameter blade arms are meshed with each other in the main water channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the opening and closing adjustment mechanism includes a guide sleeve, an adjusting spring, a guide column, a positioning pin, a scale, a pulley, and an auxiliary adjusting spring, wherein the guide sleeve is a hollow cylindrical structure with a rectangular axial cross-section and is connected to the outer surface of the drill pipe, the front half of the guide column is embedded in the guide sleeve and coaxially distributed with the guide sleeve, and the front end face of the guide column is connected to the rear end face of the adjusting spring and the rear end face of the adjusting spring, and the axes between the adjusting spring and the guide column are parallel to each other, the rear end face of the guide column is located outside the guide sleeve, and a positioning pin is provided on the guide sleeve, and is connected to the guide column through the positioning pin. In addition, the outer surface of the guide sleeve is provided with a scale parallel to its axis. The adjusting spring is a plate-like structure with a rectangular cross-section. Its front end face is connected to the pulley, and is abutted and slidably connected to the bottom of the guide groove of the expanded diameter knife arm through the pulley. The auxiliary adjusting spring is connected to the upper end face of the guide sleeve, and its rear end face is hinged to the upper end face of the guide sleeve through a ratchet mechanism, and can rotate around the hinge axis in the range of 0°-180°. The front end face of the auxiliary adjusting spring exceeds the front end face of the guide sleeve, and when the angle between the axis of the adjusting spring and the axis of the guide sleeve is greater than 60°, the auxiliary adjusting spring abuts against the adjusting spring.

[0014] A method for using a hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill rod comprises the following steps:

[0015] The first step is to assemble the equipment. First, the drill pipe, the expanding cutter arm, the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, the main cutting tool, the auxiliary cutting edge, the pressure regulating valve, and the connecting pipe head are assembled to obtain the finished variable diameter reaming drill pipe. The expanding cutter arms of the assembled variable diameter reaming drill pipe are all embedded in the receiving groove of the drill pipe. Then the rear end face of the drill pipe is connected to the ordinary drill pipe and connected to the water supply pipe of the ordinary drill pipe through the provided connecting pipe head. Finally, the pressure value of the pressure regulating valve is adjusted to set the pressure of the water entering the auxiliary water guide channel of the expanding cutter arm. On the other hand, the limit position relationship between the opening and closing adjustment mechanism and the expanding cutter arm is set to complete the equipment assembly.

[0016] The second step is the drilling operation. After completing the first step, the drilling operation can be carried out by connecting the ordinary drill rod to the drilling equipment. During the initial drilling operation, the rock wall is drilled by spraying high-pressure water from the front end of the drill rod through the main cutting tool on the front end of the expanded diameter cutter arm. After the drilling depth reaches the specified value, the pressure of the high-pressure water body is increased to make the pressure of the high-pressure water body greater than the pressure value of the regulating valve set in the first step. On the one hand, the high-pressure water body enters the auxiliary water guide channel of the expanded diameter cutter arm, and the high-pressure water is ejected from the jet port of the expanded diameter cutter arm, and the reverse thrust force during the high-pressure water jetting is used to drive each expanded diameter cutter arm to expand; at the same time, the high-pressure water is ejected from the water outlet of the receiving groove. , directly using the high-pressure water level impact to provide driving force for the expansion of the diameter expansion cutter arm; on the other hand, increasing the rotation speed during drilling operation, and further increasing the expansion efficiency and speed of the diameter expansion cutter arm through the centrifugal force during rotation; at the same time, during the expansion of the diameter expansion cutter arm, the expansion angle of the diameter expansion cutter arm is limited by the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, so as to adjust the hole diameter of the drilling and diameter expansion operation after the diameter expansion cutter arm is expanded; at the same time, during the expansion of the diameter expansion cutter arm and after the expansion operation is completed, high-pressure water is sprayed on the front end face of the drill pipe to assist in drilling. At the same time, the main cutting tool and the auxiliary cutting edge corresponding jet ports of the diameter expansion cutter arm are used to perform hydraulic assisted beveling and chip removal operations on the rock formation, thereby achieving the purpose of drilling and reaming;

[0017] The third step is equipment recovery. After completing the hole expansion operation, reduce the high-pressure water pressure and the rotation speed so that the expansion cutter arm shrinks into the drill pipe storage groove under the action of its own gravity, the reset force of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism and the resistance of the borehole wall. Then, the small-diameter drilling and overall recovery of the drill pipe equipment can be carried out.

[0018] Furthermore, in the second step, when the expansion arm is expanded, the pressure value of the high-pressure water can be adjusted to assist in adjusting the expansion angle of the expansion arm and thereby achieve the purpose of adjusting the hole diameter after drilling and expansion.

[0019] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following significant advantages over traditional hole expansion equipment:

[0020] The present invention greatly simplifies the mechanical structure of the drilling equipment, improves the convenience of equipment operation, and has good versatility and environmental applicability. At the same time, it can flexibly realize the expansion operation of the drilled hole during the drilling process, while simplifying the expansion operation process and reducing the difficulty of expansion, it effectively improves the flexibility and convenience of the expansion operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention when the expanded diameter blade arm is not opened and no driving impeller is provided;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the present invention when the expanded diameter blade arm is not opened and a driving impeller is provided;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the expanded diameter blade arm of the present invention when it is unfolded;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the expanded diameter knife arm;

[0025] Figure 5 This is another partial structural diagram of the expanded diameter knife arm;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the inner side of the expanded diameter knife arm;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism in a static state;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure when the opening and closing adjustment mechanism is in the working state;

[0029] Figure 9 The figure is a flow chart of the method for using the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] See also Figure 1-8, a hole enlarging and anti-permeability adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill pipe, comprising a drill pipe 1, an enlarging cutter arm 2, an opening and closing adjustment mechanism 3, a main cutting tool 4, an auxiliary cutting edge 5, a pressure regulating valve 6, and a connecting pipe head 7. A main water channel 8 coaxially distributed therewith is provided in the drill pipe 1, and a connecting pipe head 7 is provided on the front and rear ends of the drill pipe 1 corresponding to the main water channel 8, and is connected to an external pipeline system through the connecting pipe head 7. At least two receiving grooves 9 are uniformly distributed around the axis of the drill pipe 1. The axis of the receiving groove 9 is parallel to the axis of the drill pipe 1, and an enlarging cutter arm 2 is provided in each receiving groove 9. A plurality of water outlets 10 and a diversion port 11 are provided at the bottom of the receiving groove 9. The water outlets 10 and the diversion port 11 are connected to the main water channel 8. The rear end face of the enlarging cutter arm 2 is hinged to the side wall of the receiving groove 9 by a hinge. The expansion arm 2 is rotated in the range of 0°-90° by a hinge. At least one auxiliary water guide channel 12 parallel to its axis is provided in the expansion arm 2. A pressure regulating valve 6 is provided at the rear end face of the expansion arm 2 corresponding to the auxiliary water guide channel 12. The pressure regulating valve 6 is further connected to the guide port 11 of the receiving groove 9 through a flexible connecting pipe. A main cutting tool 4 is located in front of the front end of the expansion arm 2. A number of auxiliary cutting edges 5 are evenly distributed along the axis of the expansion arm 2. At least one jet port 13 is provided at the position of the main cutting tool 4 and the auxiliary cutting edge 5. The jet ports 13 are connected to the auxiliary water guide channel 12. An opening and closing adjustment mechanism 3 is provided on the outer side of the drill rod corresponding to the rear end face of the receiving groove 9. The opening and closing adjustment mechanism 3 is embedded in the outer side face of the drill rod 1, and the front end face of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism 3 is abutted against and slidably connected to the outer side face of the expansion arm 2.

[0032] In this embodiment, the bottom of the receiving groove 9 forms an angle of 0°-30° with the axis of the drill rod 1. At the same time, when the rotation angle of the expanding knife arm 2 is 0°, the expanding knife arm 2 is embedded in the receiving groove 9, and the outer side surface of the receiving groove 9 and the outer side surface of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism are flush with each other. At the same time, the distance between the side wall of the receiving groove 9 and the side wall of the expanding knife arm 2 is 0-1 mm. At the same time, the front end surface of the expanding knife arm 2 exceeds the front end surface of the drill rod 1, and the length of the expanding knife arm 2 located outside the front end surface of the drill rod 1 is at least 1 / 3 of the total length of the expanding knife arm 2. In addition, at least one load-bearing spring piece 14 is provided at the bottom of the receiving groove 9. The load-bearing spring piece 14 is distributed along the axial direction of the receiving groove 9 and is against the inner side surface of the expanding knife arm 2 when the expanding knife arm 2 is embedded in the receiving groove 9.

[0033] By setting a load-bearing spring piece, when the diameter-expanding knife arm is embedded in the storage groove, the load-bearing spring piece undergoes elastic deformation, and the load-bearing spring piece is used to provide an initial force for the diameter-expanding knife arm to expand upward, thereby improving work efficiency when the diameter-expanding knife arm is subsequently expanded.

[0034] It is emphasized that the expanded knife arm 2 includes a load-bearing arm 21, a guide groove 22, and a positioning pin 23. The load-bearing arm 21 is a columnar structure with a cross-section of any one of a rectangle and an isosceles trapezoid. The cross-sectional area of the rear end face of the load-bearing arm 21 is 1-3 times the cross-sectional area of the front end face. At the same time, the inner side face of the front half of the load-bearing arm 21 and the front end face are both provided with a working surface 24 with an angle of 0°-30° to its axis, wherein at least two guide grooves 23 distributed along the axis direction of the load-bearing arm 21 are provided on the working surface located on the inner side face of the load-bearing arm 21, and each guide groove 23 is provided with a number of auxiliary cutting edges 5 distributed along the axis direction thereof. At the same time, the guide grooves 23 are distributed in parallel, and the auxiliary cutting edges 5 in two adjacent guide grooves 23 are spaced apart. They are distributed at intervals with each other, and each auxiliary cutting edge 5 is connected to the guide groove 23 by a positioning pin 23. A number of jet ports 13 distributed along the axis of the guide arm 21 are provided at the corresponding working surface position between two adjacent guide grooves 23, and the axis of the jet port 13 is at an angle of 30°-90° to the axis of the support arm 21; the working surface located at the front end face of the support arm 21 is connected to the main cutting tool 4, and the axis of the main cutting tool 4 is at an angle of 0°-45° to the axis of the support arm 21, and the working surface 24 corresponding to the outer side of the main cutting tool 4 is provided with at least one jet port 13, and the axis of the jet port 13 intersects with the axis of the main cutting tool 4 and is at an angle of 10°-30°, and the intersection is located at least 10 mm in front of the main cutting tool 4.

[0035] By setting up an inclined working surface, the tool installation is satisfied and tool damage caused by tool collision between different expanding tool arms when each expanding tool arm is in a closed state is prevented. At the same time, the chip removal efficiency of the main cutting tool and the auxiliary cutting edge during rock cutting operations can be improved, the pressure of debris on the supporting arm of the expanding tool arm during drilling operations can be reduced, the stability and reliability of the supporting arm operation can be improved, and the wear of the supporting arm during operation can be reduced.

[0036] Further optimized, a positioning magnet is set on the inner side surface of the carrying arm of the expanding knife arm, and the positioning magnet is located in the front half of the carrying arm. The positioning magnet can be adjusted according to the drilling speed during the reaming operation in the setting, and the magnetic field strength of the positioning magnet is adjusted. When each expanding knife arm is stored in the storage groove, each expanding knife arm uses the magnetic field strength of the positioning magnet to constrain and position each other, providing auxiliary restraining force for each expanding knife arm when it is driven to expand by centrifugal force and pressure, and assisting the opening and closing adjustment mechanism to adjust the initial force when the expanding knife arm is expanded, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the timing of the expanding knife arm's reaming operation, and thereby setting the centrifugal force generated by the rotational speed to adjust the expansion operation of the expanding knife arm.

[0037] At the same time, 1-3 chip grooves 25 are provided on the outer side surface of the carrying arm 21 and the working surface position on its inner side surface. The chip groove 25 forms an angle of 15°-60° with the axis of the carrying arm 21. At the same time, a guide groove 26 is provided at the outer side surface of the carrying arm 21 corresponding to the position of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, wherein the axis of the guide groove 26 is parallel to the axis of the carrying arm 21, covering the outside of the front half of the adjustment mechanism 3, and the bottom of the guide groove 26 is against and slidably connected to the front end surface of the adjustment mechanism 3.

[0038] Further optimized, the bottom of the guide groove 26 is any one of an arc structure and a broken surface structure, and the depth of the guide groove 26 decreases along the direction from the rear end surface of the carrying arm 21 to the front end surface of the carrying arm 21.

[0039] On the one hand, by adding a chip discharge groove, the efficiency of the drill cutting discharge operation is effectively improved; on the other hand, by setting a guide groove, the relative position of the guide groove and the opening and closing adjustment mechanism during operation is limited, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of adjusting the opening angle of the expansion tool arm.

[0040] At the same time, by setting a structure in which the depth of the guide groove decreases from the rear end surface of the carrying arm to the front end surface of the carrying arm, the excessive stress defect caused by the excessive angle of the contact surface between the carrying arm and the opening and closing adjustment mechanism when the carrying arm is opened can be effectively improved, thereby effectively improving the limiting force of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism to a linearly increasing state and reducing the friction loss between the equipment.

[0041] It should be noted that a driving impeller is provided at the rear end face of the expanded diameter blade arm 2, and the driving impeller 15 is coaxially distributed with the hinge that connects it to the receiving groove 9, and a driving groove 16 is provided at the bottom of the receiving groove 9 corresponding to the driving impeller 15, and 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the driving impeller 15 is embedded in the main water channel 8 through the driving groove 16.

[0042] To further illustrate, when there are two expanded diameter blade arms 2 , the two expanded diameter blade arms are symmetrically distributed, and the driving impellers 15 of the two expanded diameter blade arms 2 are meshed with each other in the main water channel 8 .

[0043] By setting up a driving impeller, the high-pressure water delivered to the main water channel directly provides a driving force for the driving impeller, so that the driving impeller rotates under the drive of the water pressure, and the driving impeller rotates with the water pressure and drives the expansion knife arm as a whole to rotate and open. This also helps to achieve the purpose of adjusting the opening angle of the expansion knife arm by using the high-pressure water pressure. At the same time, as the opening angle of the expansion knife arm increases, the limiting force of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism on the expansion knife arm time also increases. When the high-pressure water pressure, the centrifugal force during rotation, etc. drive the expansion knife arm When the force acting to open the blade arm is balanced with the limiting force of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, the expanded diameter blade arm stops opening and stabilizes at the current opening angle; when the force acting to open the expanded diameter blade arm due to high-pressure water pressure, centrifugal force during rotation, etc. is greater than the limiting force of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, the expanded diameter blade arm continues to open until the driving force is balanced with the limiting force of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, thereby increasing the opening angle; conversely, when the limiting force of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism is greater than the driving force such as high-pressure water pressure and centrifugal force during rotation, the expanded diameter blade arm closes and reduces the opening angle.

[0044] In this embodiment, the opening and closing adjustment mechanism 3 includes a guide sleeve 31, an adjusting spring 32, a guide column 33, a positioning pin 34, a scale 35, a pulley 36, and an auxiliary adjustment spring 37, wherein the guide sleeve 31 is a hollow cylindrical structure with a rectangular axial cross-section and is connected to the outer surface of the drill pipe 1. The front half of the guide column 33 is embedded in the guide sleeve 31 and is coaxially distributed with the guide sleeve 31. At the same time, the front end face of the guide column 33 is connected to the rear end face of the adjusting spring 32 and the rear end face of the adjusting spring 32, and the axes between the adjusting spring 32 and the guide column 33 are parallel to each other. The rear end face of the guide column 33 is located outside the guide sleeve 31, and a positioning pin 34 is provided on the guide sleeve 31, and is connected to the guide sleeve 31 through the positioning pin 34. The guide columns 33 are connected. In addition, the outer surface of the guide sleeve 31 is provided with a scale 35 parallel to its axis. The adjusting spring 32 is a plate-like structure with a rectangular cross-section, and its front end face is connected to the pulley 36. It is abutted and slidably connected to the bottom of the guide groove 26 of the expanded diameter knife arm 2 through the pulley 36. The auxiliary adjusting spring 37 is connected to the upper end face of the guide sleeve 31, and its rear end face is hinged to the upper end face of the guide sleeve 31 through a ratchet mechanism, and can rotate around the hinge axis in the range of 0°-180°. The front end face of the auxiliary adjusting spring 37 exceeds the front end face of the guide sleeve 31, and when the angle between the axis of the adjusting spring 32 and the axis of the guide sleeve 31 is greater than 60°, the auxiliary adjusting spring 37 abuts against the adjusting spring.

[0045] The adjusting spring and the auxiliary adjusting spring are provided at the same time, and their elastic force is used to limit the opening of the expanding knife arm. That is, when the total driving force when the expanding knife arm is opened is greater than the total elastic force of the adjusting spring and the auxiliary adjusting spring, the expanding knife arm opens; otherwise, the expanding knife arm closes; and when the elastic force of the adjusting spring and the auxiliary adjusting spring is balanced with the total driving force when the expanding knife arm is opened, the opening angle of the expanding knife arm remains stable.

[0046] At the same time, in actual operation, on the one hand, the length of the adjusting spring extending from the guide sleeve is adjusted by the guide column. The longer the adjusting spring extends, the closer the contact point between the pulley on the front end face of the adjusting spring and the expanding knife arm is to the front end face position of the expanding knife arm. Therefore, when the opening angle of the expanding knife arm is small, it is restricted by the elastic force of the adjusting spring, thereby increasing the initial force during the opening operation of the expanding knife arm and increasing the difficulty of opening the expanding knife arm. On the contrary, the lower the initial force during the opening operation of the expanding knife arm, the lower the difficulty of opening the expanding knife arm and the increase the opening force. At the same time, as the opening angle of the expanding knife arm increases, the adjusting spring increases and bending deformation occurs. During the deformation, the positive elastic force gradually increases, and the adjusting spring and the auxiliary adjusting spring offset each other during the bending process, thereby further increasing the force limiting the opening of the expanding knife arm.

[0047] During operation, the auxiliary adjustment spring can pre-set the angle between the axis of the auxiliary adjustment spring and the guide sleeve through the ratchet mechanism, so as to achieve the purpose of resisting the adjustment spring when the adjustment spring bends and providing it with auxiliary elastic force.

[0048] like Figure 9 As shown, a method for using a hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill rod is provided, and the method for using the hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill rod comprises the following steps:

[0049] The first step is to assemble the equipment. First, the drill pipe, the expanding cutter arm, the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, the main cutting tool, the auxiliary cutting edge, the pressure regulating valve, and the connecting pipe head are assembled to obtain the finished variable diameter reaming drill pipe. The expanding cutter arms of the assembled variable diameter reaming drill pipe are all embedded in the receiving groove of the drill pipe. Then the rear end face of the drill pipe is connected to the ordinary drill pipe and connected to the water supply pipe of the ordinary drill pipe through the provided connecting pipe head. Finally, the pressure value of the pressure regulating valve is adjusted to set the pressure of the water entering the auxiliary water guide channel of the expanding cutter arm. On the other hand, the limit position relationship between the opening and closing adjustment mechanism and the expanding cutter arm is set to complete the equipment assembly.

[0050] The second step is the drilling operation. After completing the first step, the drilling operation can be carried out by connecting the ordinary drill rod to the drilling equipment. During the initial drilling operation, the rock wall is drilled by spraying high-pressure water from the front end of the drill rod through the main cutting tool on the front end of the expanded diameter cutter arm. After the drilling depth reaches the specified value, the pressure of the high-pressure water body is increased to make the pressure of the high-pressure water body greater than the pressure value of the regulating valve set in the first step. On the one hand, the high-pressure water body enters the auxiliary water guide channel of the expanded diameter cutter arm, and the high-pressure water is ejected from the jet port of the expanded diameter cutter arm, and the reverse thrust force during the high-pressure water jetting is used to drive each expanded diameter cutter arm to expand; at the same time, the high-pressure water is ejected from the water outlet of the receiving groove. , directly using the high-pressure water level impact to provide driving force for the expansion of the diameter expansion cutter arm; on the other hand, increasing the rotation speed during drilling operation, and further increasing the expansion efficiency and speed of the diameter expansion cutter arm through the centrifugal force during rotation; at the same time, during the expansion of the diameter expansion cutter arm, the expansion angle of the diameter expansion cutter arm is limited by the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, so as to adjust the hole diameter of the drilling and diameter expansion operation after the diameter expansion cutter arm is expanded; at the same time, during the expansion of the diameter expansion cutter arm and after the expansion operation is completed, high-pressure water is sprayed on the front end face of the drill pipe to assist in drilling. At the same time, the main cutting tool and the auxiliary cutting edge corresponding jet ports of the diameter expansion cutter arm are used to perform hydraulic assisted beveling and chip removal operations on the rock formation, thereby achieving the purpose of drilling and reaming;

[0051] The third step is equipment recovery. After completing the hole expansion operation, reduce the high-pressure water pressure and the rotation speed so that the expansion cutter arm shrinks into the drill pipe storage groove under the action of its own gravity, the reset force of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism and the resistance of the borehole wall. Then, the small-diameter drilling and overall recovery of the drill pipe equipment can be carried out.

[0052] In this embodiment, in the second step, when the expansion knife arm is expanded, the pressure value of the high-pressure water can be adjusted to assist in adjusting the expansion angle of the expansion knife arm and thereby adjust the hole diameter after drilling and expansion.

[0053] It is particularly noted that during drilling operations, a drill bit can be connected to the front end of the drill rod. When the expansion arm is unfolded to perform the expansion operation, the drill bit can continuously realize the need for continuous drilling operations on the rock wall directly in front.

[0054] In addition, when drilling and reaming operations are carried out, the operating power of the drilling rig during drilling operations and the pressure of high-pressure water during boosting operations can be pre-set when the equipment is assembled, based on the hardness of the rock structure to be drilled and reaming operations and the efficiency of the drilling and reaming operations. When the drilling machine is reaming operations, the operating power of the drilling rig, the feed amount of the drill rod and the working pressure of the high-pressure water can be flexibly adjusted according to the changes in pressure and speed between the cutting working surface of the main cutting tool and the auxiliary cutting edge and the rock formation during operation, so as to adjust the efficiency of the drilling and reaming operations while effectively meeting the stability and reliability of the drill rod operation.

[0055] At the same time, by adjusting the pressure of the high-pressure water body, while assisting the main cutting tool and the auxiliary cutting edge in cutting operations and improving the drilling and reaming efficiency through pressure regulation, it can also effectively reduce the friction loss and equipment temperature of the main cutting tool and the auxiliary cutting edge during operation, and improve the operating stability and service life of the main cutting tool and the auxiliary cutting edge; on the other hand, during operation, the water pressure can effectively improve the chip removal efficiency of the debris during the drilling operation.

[0056] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following significant advantages over traditional hole expansion equipment:

[0057] The present invention greatly simplifies the mechanical structure of the drilling equipment, improves the convenience of equipment operation, and has good versatility and environmental applicability. At the same time, it can flexibly realize the expansion operation of the drilled hole during the drilling process, while simplifying the expansion operation process and reducing the difficulty of expansion, it effectively improves the flexibility and convenience of the expansion operation.

[0058] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0059] In the description of this specification, the terms "connect", "install", "fix", "set", etc. are understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate component without affecting the relationship between components and the technical effect. It can also be an integral connection or a partial connection. As in this example, for ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention or in the invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0060] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hole enlarging and anti-transmission adaptive variable diameter hole enlarging drill pipe, characterized in that: The hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill rod includes a drill rod, an enlarging knife arm, an opening and closing adjustment mechanism, a main cutting tool, an auxiliary cutting edge, a pressure regulating valve, and a connecting pipe head. A main water channel coaxially distributed therewith is provided in the drill rod, and a connecting pipe head is provided on the front end face and the rear end face of the drill rod corresponding to the main water channel. The main water channel is connected with the external pipeline system through the connecting pipe head. At least two receiving grooves distributed around the axis of the drill rod are distributed, and the axis of the receiving groove is parallel to the axis of the drill rod, and an enlarging knife arm is provided in each receiving groove. A plurality of water outlets and a diversion port are provided at the bottom of the receiving groove. The water outlet and the diversion port are connected with the main water channel. The rear end face of the enlarging knife arm is hinged to the side wall of the receiving groove by a hinge. The expanded diameter knife arm is rotated in the range of 0°-90° by a hinge, and at least one auxiliary water guide channel parallel to its axis is provided in the expanded diameter knife arm, and a pressure regulating valve is provided at the rear end surface of the expanded diameter knife arm corresponding to the auxiliary water guide channel, and the pressure regulating valve is further connected to the guide port of the receiving groove through a flexible connecting pipe. A main cutting tool is provided in front of the front end of the expanded diameter knife arm, and a plurality of auxiliary cutting edges are evenly distributed on the inner side surface along its axis. The main cutting tool and the auxiliary cutting edge are each provided with at least one jet port, and the jet ports are all connected to the auxiliary water guide channel. An opening and closing adjustment mechanism is provided on the outer side surface of the drill rod corresponding to the rear end surface of the receiving groove, and the opening and closing adjustment mechanism is embedded outside the drill rod, and the front end surface of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism is abutted against and slidably connected to the outer side surface of the expanded diameter knife arm; The bottom of the receiving groove forms an angle of 0°-30° with the axis of the drill rod. At the same time, when the rotation angle of the expanding knife arm is 0°, the expanding knife arm is embedded in the receiving groove, and the outer side surface of the receiving groove and the outer side surface of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism are flush with each other. At the same time, the distance between the side wall of the receiving groove and the side wall of the expanding knife arm is 0-1 mm. At the same time, the front end surface of the expanding knife arm exceeds the front end surface of the drill rod, and the length of the expanding knife arm located outside the front end surface of the drill rod is at least 1 / 3 of the total length of the expanding knife arm. In addition, at least one load-bearing spring is further provided at the bottom of the receiving groove. The load-bearing spring is distributed along the axis direction of the receiving groove and abuts against the inner side surface of the expanding knife arm when the expanding knife arm is embedded in the receiving groove. A driving impeller is provided at the rear end surface of the expanded diameter blade arm, and the driving impeller is coaxially distributed with the hinge that is hinged to the receiving groove, and a driving groove is provided at the bottom of the receiving groove corresponding to the driving impeller, and 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the driving impeller is embedded in the main water channel through the driving groove.

2. The hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expanded blade arm includes a bearing arm, a guide groove, and a positioning pin. The bearing arm is a columnar structure with a cross-section of any one of a rectangle and an isosceles trapezoid. The cross-sectional area of the rear end face of the bearing arm is 1-3 times the cross-sectional area of the front end face. At the same time, the inner side face of the front half of the bearing arm and the front end face are both provided with a working surface with an angle of 0°-30° to its axis, wherein at least two guide grooves distributed along the axis direction of the bearing arm are provided on the working surface located on the inner side face of the bearing arm, and each guide groove is provided with a number of auxiliary cutting edges distributed along the axis direction thereof. At the same time, the guide grooves are distributed in parallel, and the auxiliary cutting edges in two adjacent guide grooves are spaced apart from each other. The auxiliary cutting edges are connected to the guide grooves through positioning pins, and a plurality of jet ports distributed along the axis of the guide arm are provided at the corresponding working surface positions between two adjacent guide grooves, and the axis of the jet ports is at an angle of 30°-90° to the axis of the bearing arm; the working surface located at the front end of the bearing arm is connected to the main cutting tool, and the axis of the main cutting tool is at an angle of 0°-45° to the axis of the bearing arm, and at least one jet port is provided on the working surface corresponding to the outer side of the main cutting tool, and the axis of the jet port intersects with the axis of the main cutting tool and is at an angle of 10°-30°, and the intersection is located at least 10 mm in front of the main cutting tool.

3. The hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill pipe according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer side surface of the carrying arm and the working surface position on its inner side surface are both provided with 1-3 chip grooves, and the chip grooves form an angle of 15°-60° with the axis of the carrying arm. At the same time, a guide groove is provided at the outer side surface of the carrying arm and the corresponding position of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, wherein the axis of the guide groove is parallel to the axis of the carrying arm, the guide groove is covered outside the front half of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, and the bottom of the guide groove is against and slidably connected to the front end surface of the adjustment mechanism.

4. The hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill pipe according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the guide groove at the position corresponding to the opening and closing adjustment mechanism is any one of an arc structure and a slope structure, and the depth of the guide groove decreases from the rear end surface of the carrying arm to the front end surface of the carrying arm.

5. The hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: When there are two expanding diameter blade arms, the two expanding diameter blade arms are symmetrically distributed, and the driving impellers of the two expanding diameter blade arms are meshed with each other in the main water channel.

6. The hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing adjustment mechanism includes a guide sleeve, an adjustment spring, a guide column, a positioning pin, a scale, a pulley, and an auxiliary adjustment spring, wherein the guide sleeve is a hollow cylindrical structure with a rectangular axial cross-section and is connected to the outer surface of the drill pipe. The front half of the guide column is embedded in the guide sleeve and coaxially distributed with the guide sleeve. At the same time, the front end face of the guide column is connected to the rear end face of the adjustment spring, and the axes between the adjustment spring and the guide column are parallel to each other. The rear end face of the guide column is located outside the guide sleeve. A positioning pin is provided on the guide sleeve, and the guide sleeve is connected to the guide column through the positioning pin. In addition, the guide sleeve The outer surface is also provided with a scale parallel to its axis. The adjusting spring is a plate-like structure with a rectangular cross-section. Its front end face is connected to the pulley, and is slidably connected to the bottom of the guide groove of the expanded diameter knife arm through the pulley. The auxiliary adjusting spring is connected to the upper end face of the guide sleeve, and its rear end face is hinged to the upper end face of the guide sleeve through a ratchet mechanism, and can rotate around the hinge axis in the range of 0°-180°. The front end face of the auxiliary adjusting spring exceeds the front end face of the guide sleeve, and when the angle between the axis of the adjusting spring and the axis of the guide sleeve is greater than 60°, the auxiliary adjusting spring is against the adjusting spring.

7. The method for using a hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for using the hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter hole enlarging drill rod comprises the following steps: The first step is to assemble the equipment. First, the drill pipe, the expanding cutter arm, the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, the main cutting tool, the auxiliary cutting edge, the pressure regulating valve, and the connecting pipe head are assembled to obtain the finished variable diameter reaming drill pipe. After the assembly, each expanding cutter arm of the variable diameter reaming drill pipe is embedded in the receiving groove of the drill pipe. Then, the rear end face of the variable diameter reaming drill pipe is connected to the ordinary drill pipe and connected to the water supply pipe of the ordinary drill pipe through the provided connecting pipe head. Finally, the pressure value of the pressure regulating valve is adjusted to set the pressure of the water entering the auxiliary water guide channel of the expanding cutter arm. On the other hand, the limit position relationship between the opening and closing adjustment mechanism and the expanding cutter arm is set to complete the equipment assembly. The second step is the drilling operation. After completing the first step, the drilling operation can be carried out by connecting the ordinary drill rod to the drilling equipment. During the initial drilling operation, the rock wall is drilled by spraying high-pressure water from the connecting pipe head on the front end of the drill rod in conjunction with the main cutting tool on the front end of the expanded diameter cutter arm. After the drilling depth reaches the specified value, the high-pressure water pressure is increased to make the high-pressure water pressure greater than the pressure value of the pressure regulating valve set in the first step. On the one hand, the high-pressure water enters the auxiliary water guide channel of the expanded diameter cutter arm and is ejected from the jet port of the expanded diameter cutter arm. The reverse thrust force during the high-pressure water jetting drives the expanded diameter cutter arms to expand; at the same time, the high-pressure water is ejected from the water outlet of the receiving slot The high-pressure water impact is directly used to provide driving force for the expansion of the diameter expansion cutter arm; on the other hand, the rotation speed during the drilling operation is increased, and the expansion efficiency and speed of the diameter expansion cutter arm are further increased by the centrifugal force during the rotation; at the same time, during the expansion of the diameter expansion cutter arm, the expansion angle of the diameter expansion cutter arm is limited by the opening and closing adjustment mechanism, so as to adjust the hole diameter of the drilling and expansion operation after the diameter expansion cutter arm is expanded; at the same time, during the expansion of the diameter expansion cutter arm and after the expansion operation is completed, high-pressure water is sprayed on the front end of the drill pipe to assist in drilling, and the main cutting tool and the auxiliary cutting edge corresponding jet ports of the diameter expansion cutter arm are used to perform hydraulic assisted cutting and chip removal operations on the rock formation, thereby achieving the purpose of drilling and expanding the hole; The third step is equipment recovery. After completing the hole expansion operation, reduce the high-pressure water pressure and the rotation speed so that the expansion cutter arm shrinks into the drill rod storage groove under the action of its own gravity, the reset force of the opening and closing adjustment mechanism and the resistance of the borehole wall. Then, the small-diameter drilling and overall recovery of the drilling equipment can be carried out.

8. The method for using the hole enlarging and anti-reflection adaptive variable diameter enlarging drill rod according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the second step, when the expansion arm is expanded, the pressure value of the high-pressure water can be adjusted to assist in adjusting the expansion arm to the operating angle and thereby adjust the hole diameter after expansion.

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