Variable outlet angle vane type pre-whirl nozzle system and gas turbine having the same

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vane type pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle and a gas turbine having the same. The vane type pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle includes: a casing; a rotating disc, a moving blade inlet cavity is provided inside the rotating disc, and a rotating disc receiving hole is provided on the rotating disc; a stationary disc, a main flow passage is formed between the rotating disc and the casing and between the stationary disc and the casing, a disc cavity and a pre-whirl cavity are formed between the rotating disc and the stationary disc, the rotating disc receiving hole is communicated with the pre-whirl cavity, and nozzles are provided on the stationary disc; adjusting vanes, the adjusting vanes are rotatably arranged in the nozzles, and the adjusting vanes are configured to adjust the direction of the airflow exiting from the nozzles by rotation; a driving device, the driving device is in transmission connection with the adjusting vanes; moving blades; and stationary blades. The vane type pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle according to the embodiments of the present invention can adjust the airflow angle ejected from the nozzles, reduce the eddy current generated by the flow separation phenomenon, ensure the reliable supply of the cooling airflow to the moving blades, and has advantages such as good cooling effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas turbine manufacturing, and in particular, to a blade type pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle and a gas turbine having the blade type pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle. Background Art

[0002] Gas turbines are mainly applied in the fields of power generation and ships. In a power grid system dominated by renewable energy, power generation gas turbines need to have the capabilities of quick start-up and quick load change. In the field of ships, the operating conditions of marine gas turbines often change to meet different speed requirements.

[0003] The pre-whirl nozzle system of a gas turbine provides a cooling air flow to the moving blades through the nozzles on the stationary disk. The nozzles guide the cooling air flow to the pre-whirl cavity between the stationary disk and the moving disk, and the receiving holes on the moving disk further guide the cooling air flow to the moving blades to cool the moving blades, ensuring the service life and reliability of the gas turbine. In order to improve the efficiency of the gas turbine, the temperature at the turbine inlet is getting higher and higher, making the supply of the cooling air flow to the moving blades more important.

[0004] In the pre-whirl nozzle system of a gas turbine in the related art, since the angle of the air flow ejected from the nozzles is fixed, at a lower rotational speed, the circumferential speed difference between the nozzle outlet air flow and the rotating disk is relatively large, and the attack angle of the stream at the inlet of the receiving hole with respect to the axis of the receiving hole is relatively large, resulting in a relatively large flow separation phenomenon in the receiving hole, causing a relatively large pressure loss. The separated flow generates a relatively large eddy current in the receiving hole, leading to a significant decrease in the air supply capacity to the moving blades and affecting the cooling effect on the moving blades. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this purpose, the present invention provides a blade type pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle, which can adjust the angle of the air flow ejected from the nozzles, reduce the eddy current generated by the flow separation phenomenon, ensure the reliable supply of the cooling air flow to the moving blades, and has advantages such as good cooling effect.

[0006] The present invention also provides a gas turbine having the blade type pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle.

[0007] To achieve the above object, an adjustable outlet angle vane pre-whirl nozzle system according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes: a casing; a rotating disk rotatably disposed within the casing and having an outer peripheral surface spaced apart from an inner peripheral surface of the casing, a moving vane inlet cavity provided within the rotating disk, and a rotating disk receiving hole provided on the rotating disk, the rotating disk receiving hole communicating with the moving vane inlet cavity; a stationary disk disposed within the casing and having an outer peripheral surface spaced apart from the inner peripheral surface of the casing, a main flow passage formed between the rotating disk and the casing and between the stationary disk and the casing, a disk cavity and a pre-whirl cavity formed between the rotating disk and the stationary disk, the pre-whirl cavity being located radially inside the disk cavity within the casing, the rotating disk receiving hole communicating with the pre-whirl cavity, and a nozzle communicating with the pre-whirl cavity provided on the stationary disk; an adjusting vane rotatably disposed within the nozzle, the adjusting vane configured to adjust the direction of the airflow exiting from the nozzle by rotation; a driving device drivingly connected to the adjusting vane; a moving vane disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating disk and spaced from the casing, at least a portion of the moving vane extending into the moving vane inlet cavity; and a stationary vane disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the stationary disk and connected to the inner peripheral surface of the casing.

[0008] The adjustable outlet angle vane pre-whirl nozzle system according to an embodiment of the present invention can adjust the airflow angle of the nozzle, reduce the eddy current generated by the flow separation phenomenon, ensure the reliable supply of the cooling airflow to the moving vane, and has advantages such as good cooling effect.

[0009] In addition, the adjustable outlet angle vane pre-whirl nozzle system according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the adjustable outlet angle vane pre-whirl nozzle system further includes a rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft passing through the adjusting vane and drivingly connected to the adjusting vane and the other end extending out of the casing, and the driving device being disposed outside the casing and drivingly connected to the other end of the rotating shaft.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the rotating shaft and the adjusting vane are connected by a flat key.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a sealing ring is provided between an outer end surface of the adjusting vane in the radial direction of the casing and the nozzle, and the sealing ring is disposed around the rotating shaft.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a sealing ring platform is provided on the outer end surface of the adjusting vane in the radial direction of the casing, and the sealing ring is disposed on the sealing ring platform.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, blade sealing convex spherical surfaces and blade sealing concave spherical surfaces are respectively provided at both end faces of the adjusting blade in the radial direction of the casing. Nozzle sealing concave spherical surfaces that are adapted to the shapes of the blade sealing convex spherical surfaces and cooperate with them, and nozzle sealing convex spherical surfaces that are adapted to the shapes of the blade sealing concave spherical surfaces and cooperate with them are provided on the nozzles.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, both the blade sealing convex spherical surface and the nozzle sealing convex spherical surface protrude outward in the radial direction of the casing.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting blade has a windward convex arc surface, a wind guiding convex surface, and a wind guiding concave surface that are parallel to the rotation axis. The wind guiding convex surface and the wind guiding concave surface respectively extend arcuately away from both edges of the windward convex arc surface and gradually approach each other.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a turntable outer sealing edge and a turntable inner sealing edge are provided on the turntable, a stator outer sealing edge and a stator inner sealing edge are provided on the stator. An outer sealing gap is formed between the turntable outer sealing edge and the stator outer sealing edge, and the outer sealing gap is respectively communicated with the main flow channel and the disc cavity. An inner sealing gap is formed between the turntable inner sealing edge and the stator inner sealing edge, and the inner sealing gap is respectively communicated with the disc cavity and the pre-whirl cavity. A plurality of moving blades, stator blades, and adjusting blades are provided and are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the casing.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, a gas turbine is provided, and the gas turbine includes a variable exit angle vane type pre-whirl nozzle system according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0019] The gas turbine according to the embodiment of the present invention has advantages such as good cooling effect and strong reliability by using the variable exit angle vane type pre-whirl nozzle system according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, will become apparent in part from the following description, or will be understood through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and be readily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a variable exit angle vane type pre-whirl nozzle system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a vane type pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of an adjusting vane of a vane type pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of an adjusting vane of a vane type pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Reference numerals: vane type pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle 1, casing 10, main flow passage 11, disk cavity 12, pre-whirl cavity 13, rotating disk 20, rotating disk receiving hole 21, moving blade inlet cavity 22, outer sealing edge of rotating disk 23, inner sealing edge of rotating disk 24, static disk 30, nozzle 31, concave spherical surface of nozzle seal 32, convex spherical surface of nozzle seal 33, outer sealing edge of static disk 34, inner sealing edge of static disk 35, adjusting vane 40, shaft hole 41, convex spherical surface of blade seal 42, concave spherical surface of blade seal 43, sealing ring platform 44, keyway 45, windward convex arc surface 46, air guiding convex surface 47, air guiding concave surface 48, rotating shaft 51, flat key 52, sealing ring 53, moving blade 60, static blade 70. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for facilitating the description of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0030] The adjustable exit angle vane type pre-whirl nozzle system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] As Figures 1-4 shown, the adjustable exit angle vane type pre-whirl nozzle system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a casing 10, a rotating disk 20, a stationary disk 30, adjusting vanes 40, a driving device, moving blades 60, and stationary blades 70.

[0032] The rotating disk 20 is rotatably disposed in the casing 10 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating disk 20 is spaced apart from the inner peripheral surface of the casing 10. An inlet cavity 22 for the moving blades is provided inside the rotating disk 20. A rotating disk receiving hole 21 is provided on the rotating disk 20, and the rotating disk receiving hole 21 communicates with the inlet cavity 22 for the moving blades. The stationary disk 30 is disposed in the casing 10 and the outer peripheral surface of the stationary disk 30 is spaced apart from the inner peripheral surface of the casing 10. A main flow passage 11 is formed between the rotating disk 20 and the casing 10 and between the stationary disk 30 and the casing 10. A disk cavity 12 and a pre-whirl cavity 13 are formed between the rotating disk 20 and the stationary disk 30. The pre-whirl cavity 13 is located radially inside the disk cavity 12 in the casing 10. The rotating disk receiving hole 21 communicates with the pre-whirl cavity 13. A nozzle 31 communicating with the pre-whirl cavity 13 is provided on the stationary disk 30. The adjusting vanes 40 are rotatably disposed in the nozzle 31, and the adjusting vanes 40 are configured to adjust the direction of the airflow exiting from the nozzle 31 by rotation. The driving device is in transmission connection with the adjusting vanes 40. The moving blades 60 are disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating disk 20 and are spaced apart from the casing 10, and at least a part of the moving blades 60 extends into the inlet cavity 22 for the moving blades. The stationary blades 70 are disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the stationary disk 30 and are connected to the inner peripheral surface of the casing 10.

[0033] Specifically, the radial direction of the casing 10, that is, the inner and outer direction, is shown by the arrow A in the figure, and the axial direction of the casing 10 is shown by the arrow B in the figure.

[0034] It should be understood here that Figure 1 only a schematic view of a cross-section of the adjustable exit angle vane type pre-whirl nozzle system 1 in the circumferential direction of the casing 10 is shown, and the casing 10, the rotating disk 20, and the stationary disk 30 are all rotating bodies passing through this cross-section.

[0035] The adjustable exit angle vane-type pre-whirl nozzle system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention can supply cooling air flow to the pre-whirl chamber 13 by providing the nozzle 31, the turntable receiving hole 21, and the moving blade air inlet chamber 22, and guide the cooling air flow in the pre-whirl chamber 13 to the moving blade 60 through the turntable receiving hole 21 and the moving blade air inlet chamber 22 to cool the moving blade 60.

[0036] Moreover, by providing the adjusting vane 40, the direction of the air flow exiting from the nozzle 31 can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting vane 40, so that the attack angle between the direction of the air flow ejected from the nozzle 31 and the axis of the turntable receiving hole 21 can be adjusted according to the operating speed of the turntable 20. Compared with the pre-whirl nozzle system in the related art, it is possible to avoid a large attack angle between the direction of the air flow ejected from the nozzle 31 and the axis of the turntable receiving hole 21 at a lower speed, which may cause a large-scale flow separation phenomenon, avoid generating a large eddy current at the turntable receiving hole 21, avoid affecting the air flow guiding effect at the turntable receiving hole 21, and ensure that the cooling air flow can smoothly pass through the turntable receiving hole 21 and be guided to the moving blade air inlet chamber 22.

[0037] In addition, when the load of the gas turbine changes, the angle of the air flow ejected from the nozzle 31 can be continuously adjusted by continuously rotating the adjusting vane 40, so that the air flow enters the turntable receiving hole 21 at the optimal angle, ensuring a reliable supply of the cooling air flow to the moving blade 60.

[0038] Therefore, the adjustable exit angle vane-type pre-whirl nozzle system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention can adjust the angle of the air flow ejected from the nozzle, reduce the eddy current generated by the flow separation phenomenon, ensure a reliable supply of the cooling air flow to the moving blade, and has advantages such as good cooling effect.

[0039] Next, the adjustable exit angle vane-type pre-whirl nozzle system 1 according to a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, as Figures 1-4 shown, the adjustable exit angle vane-type pre-whirl nozzle system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a casing 10, a turntable 20, a static disk 30, an adjusting vane 40, a driving device, a moving blade 60, and a static blade 70.

[0041] Specifically, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the adjustable exit angle vane-type pre-whirl nozzle system 1 further includes a rotating shaft 51. One end of the rotating shaft 51 passes through the adjusting vane 40 and is in transmission connection with the adjusting vane 40, and the other end extends out of the casing 10. The driving device is arranged outside the casing 10 and is in transmission connection with the other end of the rotating shaft 51. Specifically, a shaft hole 41 is provided on the adjusting vane 40, and the rotating shaft 51 passes through the shaft hole 41. This can facilitate the driving device to drive the adjusting vane 40 to rotate.

[0042] More specifically, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the rotating shaft 51 and the adjusting vane 40 are connected by a flat key 52. Specifically, a keyway 45 is provided on the adjusting vane 40, and the flat key 52 is fitted in the keyway 45. This can prevent relative rotation between the rotating shaft 51 and the adjusting vane 40, ensuring reliable adjustment of the angle of the adjusting vane 40 by the driving device.

[0043] Advantageously, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, a sealing ring 53 is provided between the outer end face of the adjusting vane 40 in the radial direction of the casing 10 and the nozzle 31, and the sealing ring 53 is arranged around the rotating shaft 51. This can seal the position where the rotating shaft 51 extends into the nozzle 31, preventing the cooling air flow from leaking at the position where the rotating shaft 51 extends into the nozzle 31.

[0044] More advantageously, as shown in Figures 2-4 shown, a sealing ring platform 44 is provided on the outer end face of the adjusting vane 40 in the radial direction of the casing 10, and the sealing ring 53 is arranged on the sealing ring platform 44. This can improve the fitting effect between the sealing ring 53 and each surface, enhancing the sealing performance of the sealing ring 53.

[0045] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , on both end faces of the adjusting vane 40 in the radial direction of the casing 10, a blade sealing convex spherical surface 42 and a blade sealing concave spherical surface 43 are respectively provided, and on the nozzle 31, a nozzle sealing concave spherical surface 32 that is adapted to and cooperates with the shape of the blade sealing convex spherical surface 42 and a nozzle sealing convex spherical surface 33 that is adapted to and cooperates with the shape of the blade sealing concave spherical surface 43 are provided. In this way, during the rotation of the adjusting vane 40, the blade sealing convex spherical surface 42 and the nozzle sealing concave spherical surface 32 can always remain in contact, and the blade sealing concave spherical surface 43 and the nozzle sealing convex spherical surface 33 can always remain in contact, preventing air flow from leaking through the gaps between the inner and outer ends of the adjusting vane 40 and the nozzle 31, and improving the air flow guiding effect of the adjusting vane 40.

[0046] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, both the blade sealing convex spherical surface 42 and the nozzle sealing convex spherical surface 33 protrude towards the outer side in the radial direction of the casing 10. This can facilitate the machining of the blade sealing convex spherical surface 42, the blade sealing concave spherical surface 43, the nozzle sealing concave spherical surface 32, and the nozzle sealing convex spherical surface 33.

[0047] Specifically, the gap between the blade sealing convex spherical surface 42 and the nozzle sealing concave spherical surface 32 is less than or equal to 6.4 micrometers, and the gap between the blade sealing concave spherical surface 43 and the nozzle sealing convex spherical surface 33 is less than or equal to 6.4 micrometers.

[0048] Furthermore, as shown inFigure 4 As shown, the adjusting vane 40 has a windward convex arc surface 46, a wind guiding convex surface 47, and a wind guiding concave surface 48 parallel to the rotation axis. The wind guiding convex surface 47 and the wind guiding concave surface 48 are respectively arc-shaped and extended away from the windward convex arc surface 46 along both edges of the windward convex arc surface 46 and gradually approach each other. Specifically, the cross-section of the adjusting vane 40 perpendicular to the rotation axis can be in the shape of a tama jade. This can improve the guiding and adjusting effect of the adjusting vane 40 on the air flow.

[0049] Figure 1 Fig. shows a vane type pre-swirl nozzle system 1 with adjustable outlet angle according to some examples of the present invention. As Figure 1 shown, the rotating disc 20 is provided with an outer sealing edge 23 and an inner sealing edge 24 of the rotating disc, and the static disc 30 is provided with an outer sealing edge 34 and an inner sealing edge 35 of the static disc. There is an outer sealing gap between the outer sealing edge 23 of the rotating disc and the outer sealing edge 34 of the static disc, and the outer sealing gap is respectively communicated with the main flow channel 11 and the disc cavity 12. There is an inner sealing gap between the inner sealing edge 24 of the rotating disc and the inner sealing edge 35 of the static disc, and the inner sealing gap is respectively communicated with the disc cavity 12 and the pre-swirl cavity 13. This can reduce the intrusion of high-temperature gas in the main flow channel 11 into the disc cavity 12 and the pre-swirl cavity 13 while ensuring that the rotating disc 20 can rotate.

[0050] Specifically, there are multiple moving vanes 60, static vanes 70, and adjusting vanes 40, which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the casing 10. This can improve the guiding effect on the air flow.

[0051] Those skilled in the art can understand that the bending direction and rotation direction of the adjusting vane 40 are related to the rotation direction of the rotating disc, and those skilled in the art can set them according to actual needs.

[0052] Specifically, when the load of the gas turbine is rapidly increased, the load change rate of the gas turbine can reach 5% per minute. During the process of the load rising from 50% to 100%, according to the functional relationship of the deflection angle of the adjusting vane 40, the inlet attack angle of the rotating disc receiving hole 21, and the flow coefficient of the rotating disc receiving hole 21, it is ensured that the flow coefficient of the rotating disc receiving hole 21 is not less than 0.7. Taking the optimal angle of the adjusting vane 40 when the gas turbine is operating at full load as the design inclination angle, during the rapid load increase process of the gas turbine, the adjusting vane 40 gradually decreases starting from the design inclination angle plus 23°. When the gas turbine reaches 100% load, the adjusting vane 40 reaches the design inclination angle. During this process, the pressure loss from the nozzle 31 to the moving vane inlet cavity 22 drops by up to 46% at most, and the moving vane 60 is well cooled.

[0053] When the load of the gas turbine rapidly decreases, during the process of the load decreasing from 100% to 50%, the regulating blade 40 gradually increases from the designed inclination angle to the designed inclination angle plus 23°. According to the functional relationship between the inlet attack angle of the rotating disc receiving hole 21 and the flow coefficient of the rotating disc receiving hole 21, the flow coefficient of the rotating disc receiving hole 21 is not less than 0.7, and the pressure loss from the nozzle 31 to the moving blade inlet cavity 22 is 53%, and the moving blade 60 is well cooled.

[0054] During the rapid start-up process of the gas turbine, during the process of the gas turbine gradually accelerating from the stationary state to 50% power, the inclination angle of the regulating blade 40 is fixed at the designed inclination angle plus 23°, that is, the optimal inclination angle at 50% power, which can minimize the attack angle of the air flow at the rotating disc receiving hole 21 and prevent a significant decrease in the flow coefficient.

[0055] The gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below. The gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the vane type pre-whirl nozzle system 1 with adjustable outlet angle according to the above embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] The gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention has advantages such as good cooling effect by using the vane type pre-whirl nozzle system 1 with adjustable outlet angle according to the above embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Other configurations and operations of the gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention are known to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0058] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "schematic embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0059] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and purposes of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adjustable exit angle blade type pre-whirl nozzle system, characterized in that, Comprising: A casing; A rotating disc, which is rotatably arranged in the casing and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating disc is spaced apart from the inner peripheral surface of the casing. A moving blade air inlet cavity is arranged in the rotating disc, and a rotating disc receiving hole is arranged on the rotating disc. The rotating disc receiving hole communicates with the moving blade air inlet cavity; A stationary disc, which is arranged in the casing and the outer peripheral surface of the stationary disc is spaced apart from the inner peripheral surface of the casing. A main flow passage is formed between the rotating disc and the casing and between the stationary disc and the casing. A disc cavity and a pre-whirl cavity are formed between the rotating disc and the stationary disc. The pre-whirl cavity is located inside the disc cavity in the radial direction of the casing. The rotating disc receiving hole communicates with the pre-whirl cavity, and a nozzle communicating with the pre-whirl cavity is arranged on the stationary disc; Adjusting vanes, which are rotatably arranged in the nozzle, and the adjusting vanes are configured to adjust the direction of the airflow exiting from the nozzle by rotation; A driving device, which is in transmission connection with the adjusting vanes; Moving blades, which are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating disc and are spaced apart from the casing, and at least a part of the moving blades extends into the moving blade air inlet cavity; Stationary blades, which are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the stationary disc and are connected to the inner peripheral surface of the casing.

2. The adjustable exit angle vane type pre-whirl nozzle system according to claim 1, wherein It further includes a rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft passes through the adjusting vanes and is in transmission connection with the adjusting vanes, and the other end extends out of the casing. The driving device is arranged outside the casing and is in transmission connection with the other end of the rotating shaft.

3. The adjustable exit angle vane type pre-whirl nozzle system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rotating shaft and the adjusting vanes are connected by a flat key.

4. The adjustable exit angle vane type pre-whirl nozzle system according to claim 3, characterized in that, A sealing ring is arranged between the outer end surface of the adjusting vanes in the radial direction of the casing and the nozzle, and the sealing ring is arranged around the rotating shaft.

5. The pre-swirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle according to claim 4, characterized in that, A sealing ring table is arranged on the outer end surface of the adjusting vanes in the radial direction of the casing, and the sealing ring is arranged on the sealing ring table.

6. The pre-swirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Leaf sealing convex spherical surfaces and leaf sealing concave spherical surfaces are respectively arranged on both end surfaces of the adjusting vanes in the radial direction of the casing. Nozzle sealing concave spherical surfaces with shapes adapted to and cooperating with the leaf sealing convex spherical surfaces and nozzle sealing convex spherical surfaces with shapes adapted to and cooperating with the leaf sealing concave spherical surfaces are arranged on the nozzle.

7. The pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the leaf sealing convex spherical surface and the nozzle sealing convex spherical surface protrude towards the outer side in the radial direction of the casing.

8. The pre-whirl nozzle system with adjustable outlet angle according to claim 1, wherein The adjusting vanes have a windward convex arc surface, a wind guiding convex surface and a wind guiding concave surface parallel to the rotation axis. The wind guiding convex surface and the wind guiding concave surface respectively extend arc-shaped away from the two edges of the windward convex arc surface and gradually approach each other.

9. The adjustable outlet angle blade type pre-whirl nozzle system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A rotating disc outer sealing edge and a rotating disc inner sealing edge are arranged on the rotating disc, a stationary disc outer sealing edge and a stationary disc inner sealing edge are arranged on the stationary disc. An outer sealing gap is formed between the rotating disc outer sealing edge and the stationary disc outer sealing edge, and the outer sealing gap communicates with the main flow passage and the disc cavity respectively. An inner sealing gap is formed between the rotating disc inner sealing edge and the stationary disc inner sealing edge, and the inner sealing gap communicates with the disc cavity and the pre-whirl cavity respectively. The moving blades, the stationary blades and the adjusting vanes are all multiple and are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the casing.

10. A gas turbine, characterized in that, Including the adjustable exit angle vane type pre-whirl nozzle system according to any one of claims 1-9.

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