Multi-assembly easy-to-handle cavitation generator

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of multi-combination easy-to-operate cavitation generator, including cavitation cylinder, the inner cavity of cavitation cylinder is sequentially provided with: strong shear mixing module, strong cavitation module and control and adjust cavitation intensity module along the direction of flow, strong cavitation module includes cavitation column fixed in the middle section of cavitation cylinder, multiple venturi passages are symmetrically arranged in cavitation column, each venturi passage is respectively provided with single body contraction column, venturi throat and single body diffuser column along the direction of flow, each venturi throat is respectively provided with throat orifice plate, and multiple flow holes are uniformly distributed on throat orifice plate. Strong shear mixing module is sequentially provided with contraction block, impeller mixer and diffuser block along the direction of flow, and the inlet end of contraction block is provided with cyclone mixer.The present application can be strong cavitation under optimal aperture after being fully sheared and mixed to flow, and can match required flow, adjust cavitation intensity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a cavitation generator, and more particularly to a multi-combination, easily operable cavitation generator that can be used in food processing, wastewater treatment, and other processes, belonging to the technical field of cavitation equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic cavitation is a phenomenon where fluid flows through a confined region (orifice plate, venturi tube, annular gap, etc.) and the internal pressure decreases. When the pressure drops to the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid at that temperature, the liquid begins to vaporize, generating a large number of cavitation bubbles. As the cavitation bubbles flow through an instantaneously expanding flow channel, the liquid pressure rises, and the volume of the cavitation bubbles shrinks rapidly until they collapse. The collapse is accompanied by high temperature, high pressure, strong shock waves, and microjets. The enormous instantaneous energy released during cavitation collapse can disrupt chemical chains and accelerate reaction processes; therefore, hydraulic cavitation is widely used in wastewater treatment, food processing, and reaction intensification.

[0003] Currently, researchers both domestically and internationally generally believe that the cavitation value δc is used to determine the intensity of cavitation. δc < 1 indicates the possibility of cavitation, and the smaller the cavitation value δc, the more intense the cavitation reaction. It can be seen that local static pressure P and liquid velocity V are important control parameters. Based on the conversion relationship between fluid static pressure energy and kinetic energy, and the inverse relationship between static pressure P and velocity V, it can be concluded that the intensity of cavitation is dominated by velocity V and static pressure P. At the same time, the boundary conditions through which the fluid flows also affect cavitation. For hydraulic cavitators used in industrial applications, cavitation bubble generation and cavitation bubble collapse have always been research directions.

[0004] The formula for calculating the cavitation number Cv is: Cv = 2(PP) V ) / (ρV 2 ), where C V P is the cavitation number, P is the static pressure behind the liquid plate, Pv is the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid, ρ is the density of the liquid, and V is the velocity of the liquid.

[0005] Currently, cavitation device designs both domestically and internationally primarily rely on single-stage or multi-stage fixed orifice plates or annular gaps formed between internal fluid obstruction and external cavity to force fluid interception, rapidly increase flow velocity, and generate cavitation bubbles due to pressure loss. When the cross-section of the fluid increases, the pressure rises, and the bubbles collapse, thus enhancing the reaction.

[0006] The cavitation number Cv (cavitation intensity) increases with increasing local static pressure in the liquid and decreases with increasing velocity in the cavitation element orifice or narrow throat. Studies show that under ideal conditions, cavitation typically begins with Cv = 1 (Cv initiation); the cavitation effect is significant when Cv < 1. However, in many cases, due to the presence of small amounts of dissolved gas and suspended particles, cavitation bubbles can be generated even when Cv > 1. Dissolved gas and suspended particles are responsible for generating the nuclei needed to initiate cavitation. While a smaller Cv value increases the number of cavitation bubbles generated, it also reduces the intensity of cavitation bubble collapse, leading to blocked cavitation, also known as supercavitation. Cavitation bubbles begin to merge, forming a cavitation cloud, and the fluid transitions from a two-phase bubble flow to a two-phase annular jet. The central liquid nucleus is covered by an annular vapor cloud, which is detrimental to the generation of more energy and reactive free radicals. In conventional wastewater treatment, the cavitation state should be between initiation cavitation and blocked cavitation.

[0007] Chinese invention patent application CN112138888A discloses a jet cavitation generator, consisting of a shell and cavitation elements. Its advantages include applicability to multi-phase fluids, high pressure resistance, a wide size range, and the ability to generate a stable and efficient cavitation field. The jet cavitation generator includes a shell and cavitation elements. Small orifices are opened in the flow direction of the cavitation elements to uniformly redistribute the fluid. Subsequent cylindrical and gradually increasing frustum sections allow the fluid to fully develop before entering the cavitation section, where the flow channel area decreases, causing cavitation. In this invention, an orifice plate with a cylindrical annular gap is used. The orifice plate emphasizes uniform fluid cross-sectional distribution, with no holes in the central cylindrical region. The fluid in the subsequent cylindrical and gradually increasing frustum sections flows almost axially, without rotational radial flow or divergence, resulting in weak shearing and mixing capabilities. The specification also mentions applicability to multi-phase fluids such as water and high-pressure carbon dioxide, generally gas-liquid mixtures, and the high-pressure carbon dioxide itself provides a stirring effect. Therefore, the cavitation effect of the cylindrical annular gap may simply be a manifestation of very fine gas droplets entrained by cavitation, combined with microjets; the actual generation and collapse of cavitation bubbles have limited effect. In applications where the flow rates of two or more materials differ significantly, this jet cavitation generator may struggle to meet the requirements for mixing, shearing, and cavitation intensity.

[0008] Currently, composite cavitation devices combining venturi tubes and orifice plates install the orifice plate inside the venturi throat. The cavitation process is affected by many factors, among which the diameter of the orifice is one of them. When the orifice opening ratio is constant, the smaller the orifice diameter of the orifice plate or the diameter of the venturi throat, the higher the overall cavitation gas content, that is, the better the cavitation effect of the cavitation generator.

[0009] Currently, cavitation devices with this structure are all single-channel, with one venturi corresponding to one throat orifice plate. The fluid flow rate directly determines the throat diameter D2 and the diameter d of the embedded orifice plate, as well as the number and diameter of the orifice plate. Generally, the diameter D2 of the throat embedded in the venturi is 0.25 times the diameter D1 of the venturi inlet end. Various literature materials have generally demonstrated that the cone center angle α1 of the tapered section is 30-40°, and the horizontal length L1 of the tapered section is 1.3-1.5D1. This makes it difficult to arrange the orifice plate orifices. If the cross-section is too small, the required number of orifices cannot be arranged, so the orifice diameter d has to be increased.

[0010] Chinese invention patent application CN109956520A discloses a two-stage cavitation generator with a composite structure, providing a large range of orifice diameter d from 1mm to 4mm. Clearly, 4mm satisfies the combined requirements of flow rate and orifice velocity. Increasing the flow velocity and the solid wall area at the orifice edge is beneficial for generating cavitation effects; this has been verified by ANSYS simulations of the gas phase distribution cloud map. Here, s represents the orifice cross-section, c represents the orifice circumference, and d represents the orifice diameter. A larger c value indicates a larger boundary area for the gas phase distribution in the circular channel, resulting in a larger cavitation area at the boundary. Conversely, a smaller s value indicates a higher flow velocity and stronger cavitation. The CV value formula is easy to understand; therefore, a smaller c / s value is better. However, in actual industrial production, materials often contain impurities or deposits after a period of use, which can easily cause orifice blockage. Therefore, the orifice diameter selection needs to consider all factors, with d of Φ1.5-Φ2 being the optimal orifice diameter. While the traditional Venturi tube with embedded orifice plate structure can produce a satisfactory cavitation effect, the orifice diameter is too large when the fluid flow rate is high, which is not conducive to the cavitation intensity and has certain limitations.

[0011] Chinese invention patent application CN112028171A discloses a cavitator with adjustable annular conical gap. Its components include an annular conical cavity composed of an inner and outer truncated conical element, a left annular conical outlet, a shaft, a lower inlet, a housing, a sealing ring, an end cap, a regulating valve, screws, connecting and fixing elements, and the sealing ring. The annular conical cavity, composed of the inner and outer truncated conical element, increases the contact area between the fluid and the solid wall, improving cavitation efficiency. It also causes the cavitation flow to converge at a point, generating interference and enhancing the intensity of cavitation collapse. Subsequently, the cavitation flow rapidly diffuses throughout the fluid domain, ensuring thorough mixing of the mixture and the fluid. Furthermore, the annular conical gap can be adjusted via the regulating valve connected to the shaft, thus achieving different fluid cavitation effects. Flanges are provided on the end faces of the lower inlet and left outlet of the housing for easy connection to pipelines. In this invention, the gap between the inner and outer truncated conical elements forming the annular conical cavity is adjustable, enabling cavitation intensity regulation. However, the fluid flows through a narrow channel in the conical annular gap, with a long path and no structural abrupt changes. The fluid velocity increases from the large end to the small end of the annular cone, resulting in the strongest cavitation bubbles at the outlet, generating primary cavitation. Cavitation enhancement reactions rely on the energy release brought about by bubble collapse. However, a single cavitation is insufficient in depth and has unsatisfactory effects for some more complex reaction systems, requiring repeated cycles to increase the number of cavitation occurrences to meet reaction requirements (such as in wastewater treatment), thus increasing pump capacity consumption. In addition, the adjusting shaft, sealing ring, and end cap of the annular gap adjustment structure in this invention are located on the material inlet side. Since the pressure on the inlet side is much higher than that on the outlet side, there is a risk of material leakage or complex structural sealing, leading to increased costs.

[0012] Chinese invention patent application CN105858862A discloses a wastewater treatment device that combines ozone and cavitation synergy. The device includes a water connector, an intermediate body, a cavitation block, and a back pressure shroud. The intermediate body and the cavitation block form an annular nozzle, and the cavitation block and the back pressure shroud form a cavitation chamber. A through-hole in the middle of the cavitation block forms a cavitation tube, a radial hole in the intermediate body forms an ozone interface, and an axial hole forms an ozone nozzle. A radial hole in the back pressure shroud forms a back pressure hole. In this invention, ozone is drawn in through a local vacuum created by a special flow field (highest fluid velocity, low static pressure) at the nozzle of the cavitation block. Ozone bubbles, along with wastewater, cavitate after passing through the cavitation cross-section, generating a large number of microbubbles, increasing the contact area between ozone and wastewater, and improving the wastewater degradation and treatment capacity. The intermediate and the blockage ring have a fixed gap and the cavitation intensity cannot be adjusted or controlled. When gas is added, it is easy to form gas-liquid jets, which block the cavitation generation and form a cavitation cloud. The central liquid core is covered by the annular vapor cloud, which is not conducive to the generation of more energy and active free radicals, and the reaction degradation is not sufficient. On the other hand, the collapse chamber adjusts and controls the bubble collapse intensity by covering the flow area of ​​the back pressure hole, and the adjustment range is limited. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art and provide a multi-combination, easily controllable cavitation generator. After the material flow is fully sheared and mixed, strong cavitation can be performed at the optimal aperture, and the required flow rate can be matched to adjust the cavitation intensity.

[0014] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator, comprising a cavitation cylinder. The inner cavity of the cavitation cylinder is provided with, in sequence along the material flow direction, a strong shear mixing module, a strong cavitation module, and a module for controlling and adjusting the cavitation intensity. The strong cavitation module includes a cavitation column fixed in the middle section of the cavitation cylinder. Multiple Venturi channels are arranged in parallel and symmetrically in the cavitation column. Each Venturi channel is provided with a monomer contraction column, a Venturi throat, and a monomer diffusion column along the material flow direction. Each Venturi throat is provided with a throat orifice plate, and multiple flow holes are evenly distributed on the throat orifice plate.

[0015] As an improvement of the present invention, the high-shear mixing module is provided in sequence along the material flow direction as follows: a contraction block, which is provided with a contraction block tapering hole, a contraction block throat, and a tapering contraction block center hole along the material flow direction; an impeller mixer, which is cylindrical, with multiple outer swirling diverging grooves uniformly provided on the outer wall of the inlet end, which divide the flow from the center to the outer periphery, and multiple inner swirling converging grooves uniformly provided on the outer wall of the outlet end, which converge from the outer periphery to the outlet center hole, and multiple outer spiral grooves corresponding to and connecting the outer swirling diverging grooves and the inner swirling converging grooves on the outer cylindrical wall; a diffuser block, which is provided with a diffuser block throat and a diffuser block tapering hole along the material flow direction; a central dispersion cone is provided at the center of the inlet end of the impeller mixer, which is inserted into the center of the tail end of the contraction block center hole; the diffuser block throat is connected to the outlet center hole of the impeller mixer.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the outer spiral diverging groove extends outward along a vortex line or an involute, and the inner spiral converging groove extends inward along a vortex line or an involute.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the end of the outer spiral diverging groove is bent at 90° to the inlet end of the outer circular spiral groove, and the end of the outer circular spiral groove is bent at 90° to the inlet end of the inner spiral converging groove.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the inlet end of the shrink block is provided with a swirling mixer, which is spindle-shaped with a larger middle and smaller ends, and a mixer flange covering the inlet end of the shrink block is provided at the larger diameter of the middle part; the tail cone is inserted into the tapered hole of the shrink block and multiple conical spiral grooves are evenly provided on the outer periphery of the cone; multiple flange holes are evenly distributed on the circumference of the mixer flange and communicate with the inlet end of each conical spiral groove.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the inlet end of the cyclone mixer is provided with a large guide cone.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the control and adjustment cavitation intensity module includes: a fixed cone block, fixed in the inlet section cavity of the cavitation cylinder, with a cone block converging hole and a cone block expanding hole along the material flow direction; a front injection cone, located at the inlet of the cone block expanding hole, connected to the front end of the mandrel and with an adjustable front cone annular gap between it and the cone block expanding hole; a rear injection cone, located at the rear of the cone block expanding hole, connected to the front end of the bushing and with an adjustable rear cone annular gap between it and the cone block expanding hole; the middle section of the mandrel passes through the bushing and is coaxial, and the middle section of the cavitation cylinder is provided with an expanded diameter discharge section cylinder, with a material outlet on the circumference of the discharge section cylinder.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the rear end of the cavitation cylinder is covered with a rear end cover, and the center of the rear end cover is supported by a rotatable and axially fixed nut seat through a rear end cover bearing. A sliding screw sleeve is screwed into the inner threaded hole of the nut seat, and a large handwheel is installed at the outer end of the sliding screw sleeve. The inner end of the sliding screw sleeve drives the bushing to translate.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the front end of the sliding screw sleeve is connected to the rear end face of the piston through a flange, the outer periphery of the piston is sealed to the inner wall of the cavitation cylinder through an outer piston sealing ring, and the front end of the piston is fixedly connected to the rear end of the bushing.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, the middle section of the mandrel also passes through the central hole of the piston and is screwed into the internal thread of the sliding screw sleeve through the external thread, and a small handwheel is installed at the outer end of the mandrel.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, the control and adjustment cavitation intensity module includes: a three-stage conical cylinder body, fixed in the inlet section cavity of the cavitation cylinder body, with three conical rings on the inner wall having gradually increasing flow diameters; a movable flow-cutting cone, located in the cavity of the three-stage conical cylinder body and capable of axial movement, with a conical ring gap between its conical outer wall and each of the conical rings; a plurality of divergent air holes symmetrically provided on the inner edge of the first conical ring body, blowing out along the material flow direction, the root of each divergent air hole being connected to the inner end of the radial hole of the conical ring, the outer end of each radial hole of the conical ring being connected to the annular air groove on the outer wall of the three-stage conical cylinder body, and the annular air groove being connected to the columnar air inlet on the cavitation cylinder body.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, the conical annular gap between the conical outer wall of the movable intercepting cone and the conical ring gradually increases along the material flow direction.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, the ratio of the width of the subsequent stage cone annular gap to the width of the adjacent preceding stage cone annular gap is (1.1~1.4):1, and the angle between the generatrix of the outer wall of the movable intercepting cone and the axis is 17°.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present invention, the middle section of the cavitation cylinder is provided with an expanded diameter discharge section cylinder. Multiple material outlets are uniformly provided on the front circumference of the discharge section cylinder. Each material outlet is provided with a movable target plate that can be translated along the axial direction on its rear side. The outer edge of the movable target plate is provided with a sealing ring to achieve sealing with the inner wall of the discharge section cylinder.

[0028] As a further improvement of the present invention, a bypass valve one is connected to the front wall of the strong shear mixing module, a bypass valve two is connected to the wall between the strong shear mixing module and the strong cavitation module, and a bypass valve three is connected to the rear wall of the module for controlling and adjusting cavitation intensity. The outer ports of the bypass valve one, bypass valve two and bypass valve three are all connected by a bypass pipe.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects: 1. It realizes the combination of multiple cavitation generating elements in one cavitation device, the cavitation intensity can be adjusted online, the cavitation level can be changed, the cavitation collapse chamber space is enlarged, the static pressure is increased, and the cavitation bubbles can be broken quickly, etc.; it can be adjusted in multiple dimensions and by multiple means to adapt to the changing needs of materials and ensure stable production; at the same time, it optimizes the structure of cavitation elements, enhances cavitation efficiency and reduces power consumption.

[0030] 2. The strong shear mixing module achieves strong shear mixing and cavitation, producing multiple cavitation effects. The fluid undergoes multiple deflections, centrifugal forces, and swirling direction changes along the flow path, changing the previously predominantly axial flow-dominated flow pattern. The mixing and shearing effects are significant.

[0031] 3. Enhancing chemical reactions through cavitation requires good mixing, dispersion, and uniformity. Currently, technical limitations in mixing scale and efficiency pose challenges from laboratory-scale trials to mass production. The long flow path, extended cavitation time, multi-stage variable flow cross-sectional area, and rotating boundary effects of high-shear mixing modules all contribute to improved cavitation performance.

[0032] 4. For cavitation of two or more mixed materials, especially when the flow rate of one material differs significantly from that of the other, such as a few parts per thousand or a few parts per ten thousand, for example, in the reaction system of vegetable oil with acid and alkali to remove phosphorus and acid, the cavitation effect of the strong shear mixing module is particularly obvious.

[0033] 5. To address the shortcomings of traditional Venturi tubes with embedded orifice plates, this design incorporates multiple sets of small, individual Venturi tubes with embedded orifice plates connected in parallel across the flow cross-section of the cavitation module. The fluid is evenly divided into multiple parallel paths through the Venturi tube inlet, resulting in a multi-group flow rate. While the throat diameter and orifice flow cross-section of each individual Venturi tube are reduced, the number of orifices is not proportionally reduced relative to the increase in the number of individual tubes. Compared to the traditional single-channel Venturi tube structure, the number of orifices is at least 1.5 times greater, allowing for the matching of the required flow rate with the optimal orifice diameter Φ1.5-Φ2.

[0034] 6. The cavitation module has a regular structure, can meet requirements with traditional processing, and is easy to assemble and disassemble; the individual contraction column, diffuser column, and small orifice plate are independent, interchangeable, and detachable, facilitating maintenance. In addition, the high-speed jet generated after the venturi tube diffuses carries a large number of cavitation bubbles. The static pressure at this location is high, and the bubbles collapse, requiring a long collapse distance. This multi-unit small venturi tube structure allows for mutual interference, overlap, mixing, shearing, collision, strong fluid oscillation, and wall effects in the bubble collapse zone after the diffuser cone, which is conducive to the instantaneous collapse of bubbles in a limited space, ensuring a full and thorough reaction.

[0035] 7. Scheme 1 for controlling and adjusting cavitation intensity module: The use of two-stage cavitation allows for very flexible adjustment of the front and rear cone annular gaps, taking into account both flow velocity and back pressure, and maximizing the multi-stage cavitation intensity and cavitation duration to achieve optimal performance.

[0036] 8. Scheme 2 for controlling and adjusting cavitation intensity can form different annular gap cross-sectional areas, achieve multi-stage cavitation, avoid blockage cavitation, and the width of the conical annular gap can be adjusted. Air is introduced at the first-stage conical annular gap to stimulate the generation of more cavitation bubbles. The local bursting force generated after the cavitation bubbles are generated is strong, resulting in good cavitation effect. A movable target plate is set in the collapse chamber to adjust the impact distance between the bubbles and the wall and the collapse space, so that large bubbles generate nano-sized particles due to impact, which significantly promotes violent intermolecular collisions, accompanied by microjets, shear flow, high-intensity mixing, deep reaction, and reduced chemical additives.

[0037] 9. The annular gap adjustment structure of the cavitation intensity control module involves shafts, sealing rings, end caps, etc., which are located on the material outlet side. Due to the low pressure on the outlet side, the sealing is reliable, the risk of material leakage is avoided, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

[0038] 10. By switching the bypass valve, the most suitable cavitation process can be selected according to the process requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The drawings are provided for reference and illustration only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a front view of the multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a front view of the strong shearing mixing module in this invention;

[0043] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A three-dimensional view of a cyclone mixer;

[0044] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Three-dimensional impeller mixer Figure 1 ;

[0045] Figure 6 for Figure 3 Three-dimensional impeller mixer Figure 2 ;

[0046] Figure 7 This is an enlarged view of the cavitation module in this invention;

[0047] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The left view;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a front view of Embodiment 1 of the cavitation intensity control module in this invention;

[0049] Figure 10 This is a front view of Embodiment 2 of the cavitation intensity control module in this invention;

[0050] Figure 11 For Figure 10 Sectional view along AA;

[0051] Figure 12 for Figure 10 Enlarged view of the middle three-stage conical section;

[0052] In the diagram: 1. Cavitation cylinder; 1a. Inlet cone; 1b. Discharge section cylinder; 1c. Material outlet; 1d. Internal step of the column; 1e. Exhaust port; 1f. Air inlet of the column; 2. Locking ring; 3. Swirl mixer; 3a. Large guide cone; 3b. Mixer flange; 3c. Flange hole; 3d. Spiral groove of the cone; 4. Shrink block; 4a. Shrink block throat; 4b. Shrink block center hole; 5. Impeller mixer; 5a. Central dispersion cone; 5b. Outer swirling divergence groove; 5c. Outer spiral groove; 5d. Inner swirling confluence groove; 6. Diffuser block; 6a. Diffuser block throat; 6b. Diffuser block gradually expanding hole; 7. Cavitation column; 7a. Individual shrinkage column; 7b. Venturi throat; 7c. Throat orifice plate; 7d. Single diffuser column; 8. Fixed cone block; 9. Front injection cone; 10. Rear injection cone; 11. Rear end cap; 11a. Rear end cap bearing; 12. Nut seat; 12a. Large handwheel; 13. Sliding screw sleeve; 14. Piston; 15. Bushing; 15a. Bushing; 16. Mandrel; 16a. Small handwheel; 17. Three-stage cone body; 17a. Conical ring; 17b. Annular air groove; 17c. Conical ring radial hole; 17d. Diverging vent; 18. Movable choke cone; 19. Movable target plate; 20. Bypass pipe; V1. Bypass valve one; V2. Bypass valve two; V3. Bypass valve three; T1. Thermometer; P1. Pressure gauge. Implementation

[0053] In the following description of the present invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not mean that the device must have a specific orientation. The part through which the material flows first is "front," and the part through which it flows last is "rear."

[0054] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below with reference to specific illustrations.

[0055] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0056] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the multi-combination easy-to-control cavitation generator of the present invention includes a cavitation cylinder 1, an inlet cone tube 1a at the inlet end of the cavitation cylinder 1, and three functional modules arranged sequentially along the material flow direction in the inner cavity of the cavitation cylinder 1, namely a strong shear mixing module, a strong cavitation module and a module for controlling and adjusting the cavitation intensity.

[0057] A thermometer T1 and a pressure gauge P1 are installed at the inlet cone tube 1a and the material outlet 1c, respectively. Pressure gauges P1 are also installed on the front and back sides of the three-level functional module.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, the high-shear mixing module includes a cyclone mixer 3, a shrink block 4, an impeller mixer 5, and a diffuser block 6. The cavitation cylinder 1 has a cyclone mixer 3 and a shrink block 4 at its inner inlet section. The shrink block 4 has a shrink block converging orifice, a shrink block throat 4a, and a gradually expanding shrink block center hole 4b along the material flow direction, wherein the length of the shrink block converging orifice accounts for more than 65% of the total length.

[0059] The cyclone mixer 3 is spindle-shaped, with a larger center and smaller ends. A mixer flange 3b is located at the larger diameter center, covering the inlet end of the contraction block 4. The tail cone of the cyclone mixer 3 is inserted into the tapered hole of the contraction block, and multiple conical spiral grooves 3d are evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the cone. Multiple flange holes 3c are evenly distributed on the circumference of the mixer flange 3b, communicating with the inlet ends of each conical spiral groove 3d. A large guide cone 3a is located at the inlet end, with its root inside the circumference of the flange hole 3c, evenly guiding the inlet flow to each flange hole 3c.

[0060] After cavitation bubbles are generated by the flange holes 3c at the edge of the cyclone mixer 3, they are guided into the conical spiral grooves 3d. At the large end of the cyclone mixer 3, i.e., at the inlet of each conical spiral groove 3d, the cross-section expands, the flow velocity decreases, the static pressure increases, and the bubbles collapse, generating a primary cavitation effect. Subsequently, the fluid enters the spirally constricting conical channel, where the fluid rotation and compression accelerate again. At the same time, centrifugal force ensures thorough shearing and mixing of the materials.

[0061] After leaving the conical spiral groove 3d, the fluid enters the throat 4a of the contraction block, which is similar to a Venturi tube, and then enters the gradually expanding central hole 4b of the contraction block. The cross-sectional area is the smallest at the throat 4a of the contraction block, and the flow velocity reaches the highest. At the same time, cavitation bubbles are generated at the wall boundary under the action of centrifugal force, and then the fluid flows into the impeller mixer 5.

[0062] The impeller mixer 5 is cylindrical, with a central dispersion cone 5a at the center of the inlet end. The central dispersion cone 5a is inserted into the center of the tail end of the central hole 4b of the shrink block. The root diameter of the central dispersion cone 5a is 1 / 5 of the total diameter of the impeller mixer. Multiple outer swirling diverging grooves 5b are uniformly provided on the outer wall of the inlet end, which divide the flow from the center to the outer periphery. The outer swirling diverging grooves 5b extend outward along the vortex line or involute line.

[0063] The outer wall of the outlet end is uniformly provided with multiple inner swirling confluence channels 5d that converge from the outer periphery to the outlet center hole. The inner swirling confluence channels 5d extend inward along the vortex line or involute line.

[0064] The outer cylindrical wall is provided with multiple outer spiral grooves 5c. The inlet end of each outer spiral groove 5c is connected to the end of the corresponding outer spiral diverging groove 5b. The end of the outer spiral diverging groove 5b and the inlet end of the outer spiral groove 5c are bent at 90°. The end of each outer spiral groove 5c is connected to the inlet end of the inner spiral converging groove 5d. The end of the outer spiral groove 5c and the inlet end of the inner spiral converging groove 5d are bent at 90°.

[0065] The total cross-sectional area of ​​the outer spiral diverging groove 5b, the outer spiral groove 5c, and the inner spiral converging groove 5d is 1.1-1.5 times the total cross-sectional area of ​​each flange hole at the front end, thus achieving the best cavitation effect.

[0066] The fluid at the front end of the impeller mixer 5 is forced to rotate and disperse outward along each outer spiral divergence groove 5b. When it reaches the outer wall of the impeller mixer 5, i.e. the inner wall of the cavity of the cavitation cylinder 1, it is forced to make a 90° turn and change from radial to axial. It then rotates and flows backward along the outer spiral groove 5c of the impeller mixer 5. When it reaches the rear end of the impeller mixer 5, it is forced to make another 90° turn and change. The fluid is once again forced to rotate and converge from the outside to the inside.

[0067] The diffuser block 6 is provided with a diffuser block throat 6a and a diffuser block gradually expanding hole 6b along the material flow direction. The diffuser block throat 6a is connected to the outlet center hole of the impeller mixer 5.

[0068] The fluid's path is extended within the rotating tank of the impeller mixer 5, resulting in the longest cavitation time. Simultaneously, the wall boundary effect of the rotating flow is significant, enhancing the generation of cavitation bubbles. Finally, the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid gradually expands at the diffuser block 6, causing the flow velocity to decrease, the static pressure to increase, and the bubbles to collapse, thus achieving the goal of enhancing the reaction process.

[0069] The outlet end of the diffuser block 6 abuts against the inner step of the cavitation cylinder 1. The outer periphery of the mixer flange 3b is thickened and pressed by the locking ring 2. Each flange hole 3c is located at the thin wall section without thickening. The external thread of the locking ring 2 is screwed into the internal thread of the cavitation cylinder 1, pressing the diffuser block 6, impeller mixer 5, shrink block 4, and cyclone mixer 3 together.

[0070] like Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, the cavitation module includes a cavitation column 7 fixed in the middle section of the cavitation cylinder 1. The inlet end of the cavitation column 7 abuts against the inner step of the cavitation cylinder 1, and its right side is pressed by a top sleeve. The right side of the top sleeve is pressed by a lock nut, which is screwed into the internal thread of the cavitation cylinder 1. Multiple Venturi channels are arranged in parallel and symmetrically in the cavitation column 7, typically four symmetrically arranged. Each Venturi channel has a single-unit contraction column 7a, a Venturi throat 7b, and a single-unit diffuser column 7d along the material flow direction. Each Venturi throat 7b has a throat orifice plate 7c, on which multiple flow holes are evenly distributed. The single-unit contraction column 7a, the throat orifice plate 7c, and the single-unit diffuser column 7d are independent parts, assembled and stacked to form the cavitation column 7; assembly and disassembly are simple, interchangeable, and detachable, facilitating maintenance.

[0071] The material flow is evenly divided into four parallel paths through the Venturi channel, and the total flow rate is divided into four groups. The flow passages are distributed on the four throat orifice plates 7c, increasing the total number of orifices and facilitating the matching of the flow passages with the optimal orifice diameter Φ1.5-Φ2mm for cavitation effect to meet the required flow rate. After the Venturi tube diffuses, a high-speed jet is generated, carrying a large number of cavitation bubbles. At this location, the static pressure increases and the bubbles collapse, requiring a long collapse distance. By using a multi-group small Venturi tube structure, the fluid in the bubble collapse zone after the diffuser cone experiences mutual interference, overlap, mixing shear, collision, strong fluid oscillation, and wall effect, which is conducive to the instantaneous collapse of bubbles in a limited space, allowing the reaction to be full and thorough.

[0072] like Figure 9 As shown in Embodiment 1 of the module for controlling and adjusting cavitation intensity, a fixed cone block 8 is provided in the inner cavity of the cavitation cylinder 1. The fixed cone block 8 has a tapered converging hole and a tapered expanding hole along the material flow direction. Behind the fixed cone block 8 is an expanded-diameter discharge section cylinder 1b, and a material outlet 1c is provided on the circumference of the discharge section cylinder 1b.

[0073] A front injection cone 9 is provided at the entrance of the tapered block expanding hole. The front injection cone 9 is connected to the front end of the mandrel and the front cone annular gap S1 between the mandrel and the tapered block expanding hole can be adjusted.

[0074] The rear part of the tapered block expanding hole is provided with a rear injection cone 10. The rear injection cone 10 is connected to the front end of the bushing and the rear cone annular gap S2 between the rear injection cone 10 and the tapered block expanding hole can be adjusted.

[0075] Within a single cavitation unit, the area of ​​the two-stage cone annular gap can be adjusted; moreover, the cross-sectional areas of the two annular gaps can be set independently without interference; thus, the flow velocity of the fluid passing through the two annular gaps and the static pressure behind the cone can be flexibly matched to achieve two-stage cavitation; as can be seen from the above cavitation number formula, this allows for timely adjustment of the cavitation intensity and the number of cavitation stages based on the influence of different materials or raw material fluctuations.

[0076] For example, in the application of dephosphorization and deacidification of vegetable oils using acid-base reactions, when the water content in the oil increases, excessively high cavitation intensity can easily lead to oil emulsification, making subsequent separation difficult and requiring adjustment of the intensity or number of stages. In addition, this cavitation device is highly adaptable to changes in flow rate. While maintaining a consistent annular gap, i.e., maintaining the cavitation boundary wall effect, the annular gap cross-sectional area formed by the front injection cone 9 is small, suitable for small production volumes; the annular gap cross-sectional area formed by the rear injection cone 10 is large, suitable for large production volumes. Using a two-stage cavitation system allows for very flexible adjustment of the gaps of the front injection cone 9 and the rear injection cone 10, making the cross-sectional area of ​​the annular gap S1 of the front cone smaller than that of the annular gap S2 of the rear cone, balancing the flow velocity and back pressure, maximizing the intensity and duration of multi-stage cavitation, and achieving optimal performance.

[0077] The rear end of the cavitation cylinder 1 is covered by a rear end cover 11. A nut seat 12 is supported by a rear end cover bearing 11a through the center hole of the rear end cover 11. The inner end face of the inner ring of the rear end cover bearing 11a abuts against the outer step at the root of the nut seat 12. The outer end face of the inner ring of the rear end cover bearing 11a is axially fixed to the nut seat 12 by a snap ring. A skeleton oil seal is provided on the inner side of the rear end cover bearing 11a for sealing.

[0078] A sliding screw sleeve 13 is screwed into the inner threaded hole of the nut seat 12. A large handwheel 12a is installed on the outer end of the sliding screw sleeve 13. The inner end of the sliding screw sleeve 13 is connected to the rear end face of the piston 14 through a flange. The outer periphery of the piston 14 is sealed to the inner wall of the cavitation cylinder 1 through the piston outer sealing ring. A bushing 15 is fixed to the front end of the piston 14. The front end of the bushing 15 is fixed to the center of the rear injection cone 10.

[0079] When the large handwheel 12a is rotated, the nut seat 12 rotates accordingly but its axial position remains unchanged. The sliding screw sleeve 13, which is screwed to it, translates axially. The inner end of the sliding screw sleeve 13 pulls the piston 14 to translate axially. The piston's outer sealing ring prevents fluid from leaking into the space outside the piston 14. The piston 14 pulls the rear injection cone 10 to translate via the bushing 15, thereby changing the rear cone annular gap S2.

[0080] The inner cavity of the bushing 15 is provided with a mandrel 16. The small-diameter section of the front end of the mandrel 16 is inserted into the countersunk hole at the center of the rear end of the front injection cone 9 and is fixedly connected by a through screw. The middle section of the mandrel 16 passes through the center hole of the piston 14, and the inner wall of the piston 14 is sealed to the outer wall of the mandrel 16 through the piston inner sealing ring.

[0081] The front end of the bushing 15 is fitted with a bushing 15a, and the inner wall of the bushing 15a is fitted with the outer wall of the spindle 16 to ensure accurate guidance. The part of the spindle 16 that passes through the sliding screw sleeve 13 has an external thread, which is screwed into the internal thread of the sliding screw sleeve 13. A small handwheel 16a is installed on the outer end of the spindle 16.

[0082] When the small handwheel 16a is turned, the spindle 16 moves axially relative to the sliding screw sleeve 13, which pulls the front injection cone 9 to move axially and changes the front cone annular gap S1.

[0083] The inner wall of the front end of the discharge section cylinder 1b is provided with a cylindrical step 1d to limit the piston 14 and prevent the piston 14 from sliding into the discharge section cylinder 1b.

[0084] The bottom vent 1e of the discharge section cylinder 1b facilitates the complete discharge of material. The lower part of the rear circumference of the cavitation cylinder 1 is also provided with a vent 1e to prevent liquid accumulation in the column behind the piston 14.

[0085] like Figures 10 to 12 As shown in Embodiment 1 of the module for controlling and adjusting cavitation intensity, a three-stage conical cylinder 17 is provided within the inner cavity of the cavitation cylinder 1. The inner wall of the three-stage conical cylinder 17 has three conical rings 17a, the height of which decreases progressively along the material flow direction. Specifically, the diameter of the flow hole in the third conical ring is larger than that in the second conical ring, and the diameter of the flow hole in the second conical ring is larger than that in the first conical ring. The angle between the generatrix of the outer wall of the movable intercepting cone 18 and the axis is 17°.

[0086] The inner cavity of the three-stage conical cylinder 17 is equipped with a movable flow-blocking cone 18. A conical annular gap is left between the conical outer wall and each conical ring 17a. By axially moving the movable flow-blocking cone 18, different annular gap cross-sectional areas can be formed, and multiple cavitation can be achieved. The width of the three-stage conical annular gap increases progressively along the fluid direction. The width of the first-stage conical annular gap S1 < the width of the second-stage conical annular gap S2 < the width of the third-stage conical annular gap S3. The ratio of the width of the subsequent stage conical annular gap to the width of the adjacent previous stage conical annular gap is (1.1~1.4):1. Although the final stage cavitation is slightly weakened by this design, multi-stage cavitation can be achieved. Moreover, the cone-ring gap adjustment can control the cavitation intensity and avoid cavitation blockage.

[0087] The inner edge of the first conical ring is symmetrically provided with multiple diverging vents 17d that blow out along the material flow direction. The root of each diverging vent 17d is connected to the inner end of the radial hole 17c of the conical ring, and the outer end of each radial hole 17c of the conical ring is connected to the annular air groove 17b on the outer wall of the third-stage conical cylinder 17. The annular air groove 17b is connected to the columnar air inlet 1f on the cavitation cylinder 1. There are usually four symmetrically arranged radial holes 17c of the conical ring. Compressed air enters the inner cavity of the cavitation cylinder from the columnar air inlet 1f, flows inward along the annular air groove 17b into the four radial holes 17c of the conical ring, and finally turns and flows out from the diverging vents 17d. The axis of the diverging vents 17d is parallel to the axis of the third-stage conical cylinder 17.

[0088] Air is introduced into the first-stage conical annular gap, where the fluid velocity is highest and the static pressure is lowest, allowing gas to be easily drawn into the cavitation chamber. Besides the low-pressure environment and cavitation time, the mechanism of cavitation bubble generation also requires cavitation nuclei, also called gas nuclei. When the local pressure of the fluid is very low, the gas nuclei expand. Due to the low internal pressure of the bubble, an "evaporation" phenomenon occurs at the interface between the bubble and the liquid water. Water vapor enters the bubble and mixes with insoluble gases to form cavitation bubbles, accelerating their growth. Adding gas enhances cavitation bubble generation and improves the cavitation effect. This method is also highly applicable to the acid and alkali addition processes of vegetable oils. Because oils have high boiling points and the moisture content of the process materials is low, adding a small amount of gas can stimulate the generation of more cavitation bubbles. The local bursting force generated after the cavitation bubbles break the molecular chains of calcium and magnesium salts and non-hydrated phospholipids, converting the non-hydrated phospholipids into hydrated phospholipids, which can then be removed by flocculation with water, reducing the amount of added acids and alkalis, the amount of byproducts, and increasing the oil yield.

[0089] The middle section of the cavitation cylinder 1 is provided with an expanded discharge section cylinder. Multiple material outlets 1c are evenly provided on the front circumference of the discharge section cylinder. Each material outlet 1c is provided with a movable target plate 19 on its rear side. The outer edge of the movable target plate 19 is provided with a sealing ring to achieve a seal with the inner wall of the discharge section cylinder.

[0090] The rear end of the cavitation cylinder 1 is covered by a rear end cover 11. A nut seat 12 is supported by a rear end cover bearing 11a through the center hole of the rear end cover 11. The inner end face of the inner ring of the rear end cover bearing 11a abuts against the outer step at the root of the nut seat 12. The outer end face of the inner ring of the rear end cover bearing 11a is axially fixed to the nut seat 12 by a snap ring. A skeleton oil seal is provided on the inner side of the rear end cover bearing 11a for sealing.

[0091] A sliding screw sleeve 13 is screwed into the inner threaded hole of the nut seat 12. A large handwheel 12a is installed on the outer end of the sliding screw sleeve 13. The inner end of the sliding screw sleeve 13 is connected to the rear end face of the piston 14 through a flange. The outer periphery of the piston 14 is sealed to the inner wall of the cavitation cylinder 1 through the piston outer sealing ring. A bushing 15 is fixed to the front end of the piston 14. The front end of the bushing 15 is fixed to the center of the movable target plate 19.

[0092] When the large handwheel 12a is rotated, the nut seat 12 rotates accordingly but its axial position remains unchanged. The sliding screw sleeve 13, which is screwed to it, translates axially. The inner end of the sliding screw sleeve 13 pulls the piston 14 to translate axially. The outer sealing ring of the piston prevents fluid from leaking into the outer space of the piston 14. The piston 14 pulls the movable target plate 19 to translate through the bushing 15, thereby changing the cavity space of the discharge section, adjusting the collision distance and collapse space between the bubbles and the wall, so that large bubbles generate nano-sized particles due to the impact, which significantly promotes violent intermolecular collisions. Accompanied by microjets, shear flow, high-intensity mixing, and deep reaction, it can reduce the amount of chemical agents added for wastewater treatment.

[0093] The inner cavity of the bushing 15 is provided with a mandrel 16. The small-diameter section of the front end of the mandrel 16 is inserted into the countersunk hole at the center of the rear end of the movable choke cone 18 and is fixedly connected by a through screw. The middle section of the mandrel 16 passes through the center hole of the piston 14, and the inner wall of the piston 14 is sealed to the outer wall of the mandrel 16 through the piston inner sealing ring.

[0094] The front end of the bushing 15 is fitted with a bushing 15a, and the inner wall of the bushing 15a is fitted with the outer wall of the spindle 16 to ensure accurate guidance. The part of the spindle 16 that passes through the sliding screw sleeve 13 has an external thread, which is screwed into the internal thread of the sliding screw sleeve 13. A small handwheel 16a is installed on the outer end of the spindle 16.

[0095] When the small handwheel 16a is turned, the spindle 16 moves axially relative to the sliding screw sleeve 13, which pulls the movable intercepting cone 18 to move axially, changing the width of the cone ring gap between the cone rings 17a of the three-stage cone body 17.

[0096] The inner wall of the front end of the discharge section cylinder is provided with a cylindrical step 1d to limit the piston 14 and prevent the piston 14 from sliding into the discharge section cylinder.

[0097] like Figure 2 As shown, a bypass valve V1 is connected to the front wall of the strong shear mixing module, a bypass valve V2 is connected to the wall between the strong shear mixing module and the strong cavitation module, and a bypass valve V3 is connected to the rear wall of the module controlling and adjusting the cavitation intensity. The outer ports of bypass valves V1, V2, and V3 are all connected through bypass pipe 20. This invention can have the following processes:

[0098] The first process: all bypass valves V1, V2, and V3 are closed, and the material passes through the strong shear mixing module, the strong cavitation module, and the cavitation intensity control module throughout the process.

[0099] The second process: Bypass valve 1 V1 is closed, bypass valve 2 V2 and bypass valve 3 V3 are opened, the material is short-circuited around the strong cavitation module, and flows through the strong shear mixing module and the module that controls and adjusts the cavitation intensity.

[0100] The third process: Bypass valve 3 (V3) is closed, bypass valve 1 (V1) and bypass valve 2 (V2) are opened, the material is short-circuited around the strong shear mixing module, and flows through the strong cavitation module and the module that controls and adjusts the cavitation intensity.

[0101] The fourth process: close bypass valve 2 V2, open bypass valve 1 V1 and bypass valve 3 V3, and the material short-circuits around the strong shear mixing module and the strong cavitation zone module, flowing only through the control and regulation cavitation intensity module.

[0102] In the process of adding acid and alkali to vegetable oil, the first option is the preferred option. Although the pump consumes the most energy, the cavitation effect is the best, and the reaction is complete. It provides technical support for eliminating the upstream acid-alkali mixer in the process flow, and utilizes the strong shearing, high mixing, dispersion and crushing effect brought by the forced swirl of the first stage of the cavitation device.

[0103] When vegetable oils have high water content and high free fatty acid content, the second method is preferred to avoid excessive cavitation intensity leading to oil emulsification, resulting in soap particles (products of the reaction between fatty acids and alkali) not forming properly and subsequent separation being difficult.

[0104] For cases where a high-strength mixer is already installed in front of the cavitation unit, and the vegetable oil has a high content of non-hydrated phospholipids and a low content of free fatty acids, the third option can be selected to save some electricity.

[0105] In scenarios where the content of non-hydrated phospholipids and free fatty acids in vegetable oils is not high, and a high-strength mixer is already configured in front of the cavitation unit, the fourth process is chosen because it consumes the least amount of electricity and saves on operating costs.

[0106] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing and describing the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It is not intended to limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other implementations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Various changes and modifications to the present invention are possible, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Technical features not described in the present invention can be implemented by or using existing technology, and will not be elaborated here.

Claims

1. A multi-combination, easily controllable cavitation generator, comprising a cavitation cylinder, characterized in that, The inner cavity of the cavitation cylinder is provided with, in sequence along the material flow direction: a strong shear mixing module, a strong cavitation module, and a module for controlling and adjusting the cavitation intensity. The strong cavitation module includes a cavitation column fixed in the middle section of the cavitation cylinder. Multiple Venturi channels are arranged in parallel and symmetrically in the cavitation column. Each Venturi channel is provided with a single-unit shrink column, a Venturi throat and a single-unit diffuser column along the material flow direction. Each Venturi throat is provided with a throat orifice plate. Multiple flow holes are evenly distributed on the throat orifice plate. The high-shear mixing module is provided sequentially along the material flow direction as follows: The shrink block is provided with a shrink block constriction hole, a shrink block throat and a gradually expanding shrink block center hole along the material flow direction; The impeller mixer is cylindrical. The outer wall of the inlet end is uniformly provided with multiple outer vortex diverging grooves that divide the flow from the center to the outer periphery. The outer wall of the outlet end is uniformly provided with multiple inner vortex converging grooves that converge the flow from the outer periphery to the outlet center hole. The outer cylindrical wall is provided with multiple outer spiral grooves that correspond to and connect the outer vortex diverging grooves and the inner vortex converging grooves. The diffuser block is provided with a diffuser block throat and a diffuser block gradually expanding hole along the material flow direction; The impeller mixer has a central dispersion cone at its inlet end, which is inserted into the center of the tail end of the central hole of the shrink block; the diffuser throat is connected to the central outlet hole of the impeller mixer.

2. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer spiral diverging groove extends outward along a vortex line or an involute, and the inner spiral converging groove extends inward along a vortex line or an involute.

3. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the outer spiral diverging groove makes a 90° bend with the inlet end of the outer circular spiral groove, and the end of the outer circular spiral groove makes a 90° bend with the inlet end of the inner spiral converging groove.

4. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet end of the shrink block is provided with a swirl mixer, which is spindle-shaped with a larger middle and smaller ends. A mixer flange covering the inlet end of the shrink block is provided at the larger diameter of the middle part. The tail cone is inserted into the tapered hole of the shrink block and multiple conical spiral grooves are evenly provided on the outer periphery of the cone. Multiple flange holes are evenly distributed on the circumference of the mixer flange and communicate with the inlet end of each conical spiral groove.

5. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inlet end of the cyclone mixer is equipped with a large guide cone.

6. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The module for controlling and adjusting cavitation intensity includes: A fixed cone block is fixed to the inner cavity of the inlet section of the cavitation cylinder, and is provided with a cone block converging hole and a cone block expanding hole along the material flow direction; The front injection cone is located at the entrance of the cone-shaped bore, connected to the front end of the mandrel, and the front cone annular gap between it and the cone-shaped bore is adjustable. The rear injection cone is located at the rear of the cone block's expanding hole, connected to the front end of the bushing, and the rear cone annular gap between it and the cone block's expanding hole is adjustable. The middle section of the mandrel passes through the bushing and is coaxial. The middle section of the cavitation cylinder is provided with an expanded diameter discharge section cylinder, and a material outlet is provided on the circumference of the discharge section cylinder.

7. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rear end of the cavitation cylinder is covered with a rear end cover. The center of the rear end cover is supported by a rotatable and axially fixed nut seat through a rear end cover bearing. A sliding screw sleeve is screwed into the inner threaded hole of the nut seat. A large handwheel is installed at the outer end of the sliding screw sleeve. The inner end of the sliding screw sleeve drives the bushing to translate.

8. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The front end of the sliding screw sleeve is connected to the rear end face of the piston via a flange. The outer periphery of the piston is sealed to the inner wall of the cavitation cylinder via an outer piston sealing ring. The front end of the piston is fixedly connected to the rear end of the bushing.

9. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The middle section of the mandrel also passes through the center hole of the piston and is screwed into the internal thread of the sliding screw sleeve through the external thread. A small handwheel is installed at the outer end of the mandrel.

10. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The module for controlling and adjusting cavitation intensity includes: The three-stage conical body is fixed in the inlet section of the cavitation cylinder, and the inner wall is provided with three conical rings with gradually increasing flow diameters; The movable flow-cutting cone is located inside the three-stage cone cylinder and can move axially. A cone-ring gap is left between its conical outer wall and each of the conical rings. The inner edge of the first conical ring is symmetrically provided with multiple divergent vents that blow out along the material flow direction. The root of each divergent vent is connected to the inner end of the radial hole of the conical ring, and the outer end of each radial hole of the conical ring is connected to the annular air groove on the outer wall of the third-stage conical cylinder. The annular air groove is connected to the columnar air inlet on the cavitation cylinder.

11. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to claim 10, characterized in that: The conical gap between the conical outer wall of the movable intercepting cone and the conical ring gradually increases along the material flow direction.

12. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to claim 11, characterized in that: The ratio of the width of the subsequent cone annular gap to the width of the adjacent preceding cone annular gap is (1.1 to 1.4):1, and the angle between the generatrix of the outer wall of the movable flow-cutting cone and the axis is 17°.

13. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to claim 10, characterized in that: The cavitation cylinder has an expanded discharge section in the middle section. Multiple material outlets are evenly distributed on the front circumference of the discharge section. Each material outlet has a movable target plate that can move axially on its rear side. The outer edge of the movable target plate is provided with a sealing ring to seal with the inner wall of the discharge section.

14. The multi-combination easily controllable cavitation generator according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: A bypass valve one is connected to the front wall of the high-shear mixing module, a bypass valve two is connected to the wall between the high-shear mixing module and the high-cavitation module, and a bypass valve three is connected to the rear wall of the module for controlling and adjusting cavitation intensity. The outer ports of the bypass valve one, bypass valve two and bypass valve three are all connected by a bypass pipe.

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