Solid waste vitrification apparatus

Abstract

This invention discloses a solid waste vitrification treatment device, aiming to provide a device that employs an oxygen-enriched side-blowing, high-temperature melting method to produce vitrified products with high stability, thereby harmlessly treating solid waste and recovering valuable metals contained in the solid waste. It includes: a furnace hearth, the inner cavity of which comprises an interconnected bottom chamber and a slag chamber; a metal discharge port at the bottom of the slag chamber and a slag discharge port in the middle or upper part of the slag chamber; a furnace body located above the furnace hearth, the furnace cavity of the furnace body being connected to the bottom chamber; several primary air inlets on the lower part of the side wall of the furnace body, used to input oxygen-enriched gas and / or auxiliary fuel into the furnace cavity of the furnace body, each primary air inlet being lower than the slag discharge port; and several secondary air inlets on the middle part of the side wall of the furnace body, each secondary air inlet being higher than the slag discharge port.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment, and more specifically to a solid waste vitrification treatment device. Background Technology

[0002] The treatment and utilization of solid waste, especially toxic and hazardous inorganic and organic hazardous waste, has always been a key constraint on the construction of ecological civilization. In recent years, the overall generation of hazardous waste has shown a continuous upward trend, posing a huge threat to health and ecological safety. Current methods for treating hazardous waste mainly involve secure landfill and general incineration. However, general incineration technology (temperatures below 900℃, such as rotary kiln incineration) cannot reach the temperatures required for some high-melting-point materials to form vitrified products due to its low incineration temperature. Consequently, this portion of hazardous waste cannot form vitrified products that meet the standards, and some of the treated products still need to be landfilled according to hazardous waste requirements.

[0003] Furthermore, vitrification technology is currently a method for the harmless treatment of solid waste in China, and it is particularly suitable for hazardous waste containing toxic and harmful substances. It uses high-temperature methods to melt solid waste and transform it into a glassy substance. To fill the gap in the management system for vitrification products of solid waste, the national standard "Technical Requirements for Vitrification Products of Solid Waste" (GB / T 41015-2021) came into effect on July 1, 2022. This standard provides a quality standard system for the high-temperature melting vitrification treatment of solid waste, especially hazardous waste, and improves the resource utilization level of solid waste. Under this standard system, high-temperature melting treatment equipment can control the production of stable vitrified products, with a glass content of not less than 85% and an acid loss rate of not more than 3%. The water-quenched slag of the high-temperature melting vitrified products can be used as a substitute for building materials such as highway asphalt pavement aggregate, construction pebbles, and non-metallic abrasives for spray cleaning, which can achieve "less landfill" or even "zero landfill" of hazardous waste and contribute to the construction of "waste-free cities". However, at present, there is insufficient research on treatment equipment for high-temperature melting technology for vitrification treatment of solid waste (especially toxic and hazardous waste), and the research is mainly focused on plasma melting equipment.

[0004] For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN110486731A, entitled "Plasma Pyrolysis and Vitrification Treatment Equipment and Method for Solid and Liquid Hazardous Waste," includes a plasma incineration pyrolysis furnace for pre-treating and reducing the volume of hazardous waste, and a vitrification melting furnace for vitrifying the ash residue after volume reduction treatment. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN207918771U, entitled "A System for Coordinated Treatment of Solid Waste Using a Pyrolysis Furnace and Plasma Gasification," utilizes the low-cost pyrolysis of the pyrolysis furnace and the high-temperature characteristics of the plasma melting furnace to vaporize the solid waste into a harmless vitreous body. Both of these patents combine volume reduction pre-treatment with a plasma melting furnace to treat hazardous waste, only addressing the problem of excessively high operating costs of plasma melting treatment equipment. They do not control the quality of the vitreous product from key factors such as stable operation control of hazardous waste melting. Furthermore, besides the high operating costs, the high requirements for electrode corrosion and operational control of plasma equipment limit its industrial application. Therefore, if melting equipment cannot process hazardous waste to obtain stable glass products and achieve large-scale industrial applications, it cannot solve the problem of hazardous waste treatment and cannot meet the needs of harmless and resource-based treatment of hazardous waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solid waste vitrification treatment device that uses an oxygen-enriched side-blowing and high-temperature melting method to produce vitrified products with high stability, thereby harmlessly treating solid waste and recovering any valuable metals contained in the solid waste.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0007] A solid waste vitrification treatment device, comprising:

[0008] The hearth has an inner cavity that includes a bottom chamber and a slag chamber that are interconnected. The bottom of the slag chamber has a metal outlet, and the middle or upper part of the slag chamber has a slag outlet.

[0009] The furnace body is located above the furnace cylinder, and the furnace cavity of the furnace body is connected to the furnace bottom chamber;

[0010] The lower part of the side wall of the furnace body is provided with several primary air inlets. The primary air inlets are used to input oxygen-enriched gas and / or auxiliary fuel into the furnace cavity of the furnace body. The position of each primary air inlet is lower than the position of the slag discharge port.

[0011] The furnace body has several secondary air inlets in the middle of its side wall. Each secondary air inlet is located higher than the slag discharge port. The secondary air inlets are used to input air and / or auxiliary fuel into the furnace cavity of the furnace body.

[0012] The specific operation of a solid waste vitrification treatment device according to this scheme is as follows: The prepared solid waste and auxiliary materials are subjected to high-temperature melting treatment in a furnace. During this process, oxygen-enriched gas and / or auxiliary fuel are introduced into the furnace cavity through a primary air inlet to assist heating, controlling the temperature of the melting reaction zone to be stable above 1300℃, so that the prepared solid waste and auxiliary materials melt in the furnace to produce glassy slag. If the solid waste contains valuable metals, based on the differences in the redox properties of different metals during the melting process, the reaction atmosphere in the melting reaction zone is controlled to be a reducing atmosphere, where metals such as copper, nickel, tin, and zinc are reduced. Copper itself is a flux for precious metals (gold, silver, palladium). Therefore, valuable metals such as copper, nickel, tin, zinc, gold, silver, and palladium are formed into metal alloys. Due to the high density of the metal alloys, the glassy slag and liquid metal settle and separate in the furnace hearth during the melting process. The glassy slag is discharged through the slag outlet, and the liquid metal is discharged through the metal outlet for cooling and recovery to obtain metal ingots. This achieves the purpose of harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste, making full use of solid waste and recovering usable glassy substances and valuable metals (if contained), which has good social, environmental, and economic benefits.

[0013] More importantly, since the primary air inlet is located below the slag discharge port, the oxygen-enriched gas and / or auxiliary fuel blown in through the primary air inlet, which is lower than the slag discharge port, can not only play a role in auxiliary heating and control the redox atmosphere in the molten reaction zone, but also strongly stir the molten slag. During the stirring process, solid waste, reducing agent, and flux are fully mixed, which is conducive to improving the efficiency and quality of glassy molten slag produced in the molten reaction zone, and producing glassy molten slag with high stability.

[0014] On the other hand, during the in-furnace harmless treatment of solid waste, air and / or auxiliary fuel are introduced into the furnace cavity through a secondary air inlet so that the flue gas generated in the furnace can be fully oxidized and burned in the furnace, destroying any combustible components and harmful substances that may be present in the flue gas.

[0015] Preferably, at least a portion of each primary air inlet is connected to an anti-clogging nozzle, which includes:

[0016] The anti-blocking tube has an open end and a closed end. The side wall of the anti-blocking tube is provided with a first anti-blocking tube interface and a second anti-blocking tube interface. The open end of the anti-blocking tube, the first anti-blocking tube interface and the second anti-blocking tube interface are distributed sequentially along the axial direction of the anti-blocking tube.

[0017] A sliding piston is slidably disposed inside the anti-blocking tube. The sliding piston is located between the first interface and the second interface of the anti-blocking tube. The inner cavity of the anti-blocking tube between the sliding piston and the other end of the anti-blocking tube forms an anti-blocking air chamber. The second interface of the anti-blocking tube is connected to the anti-blocking air chamber.

[0018] The anti-blocking rod is located inside the anti-blocking tube. One end opening of the anti-blocking rod and the anti-blocking tube is located on the same side of the sliding piston, and the anti-blocking rod is connected to the sliding piston.

[0019] The return spring is used to push the anti-blocking rod into the anti-blocking tube.

[0020] The air inlet pipe is equipped with an air inlet pipe interface and an air inlet pipe valve. One end of the air inlet pipe is connected to the first interface of the anti-blocking pipe, and the air inlet pipe valve is located between one end of the air inlet pipe and the air inlet pipe interface.

[0021] Bypass duct, one end of which is connected to the air inlet duct interface, and the other end of which is connected to the second interface of the anti-blocking pipe. A bypass duct valve is provided on the bypass duct.

[0022] The primary air inlet is connected to one end of the anti-clogging tube of the corresponding anti-clogging nozzle.

[0023] Because the primary air inlet is located on the lower side wall of the furnace body, it may be blocked by molten slag during the solid waste harmless treatment process, affecting the efficiency and quality stability of producing glassy molten slag. To solve this problem, this solution installs an anti-blocking nozzle at the primary air inlet. When the primary air inlet is blocked and oxygen-enriched gas cannot enter the furnace cavity, the bypass air pipe valve is opened and the air inlet valve is closed, allowing the gas entering the air inlet pipe to enter the anti-blocking gas chamber. This gas overcomes the force of the return spring and pushes the sliding piston and anti-blocking rod towards one end of the anti-blocking pipe opening, so that the anti-blocking rod is inserted into the primary air inlet to clear and unblock the molten slag in the primary air inlet. After clearing the blockage, the bypass air pipe valve is closed and the air inlet valve is opened, and the sliding piston and anti-blocking rod are reset under the action of the return spring.

[0024] Preferably, at least some of the secondary air inlets are connected to anti-clogging nozzles, and one end of the anti-clogging pipe of the corresponding anti-clogging nozzle is connected to the secondary air inlet. During the harmless treatment of solid waste, there is also a risk of the secondary air inlets being blocked by molten slag. Therefore, anti-clogging nozzles are also arranged at the secondary air inlets in this solution to solve the problem of blockage by molten slag.

[0025] Preferably, the top of the furnace body is equipped with an ascending flue, and the side wall of the ascending flue is equipped with a tertiary air inlet and a residual oxygen analyzer. The tertiary air inlet is used to introduce air into the ascending flue. The tertiary air inlet is used as a supplement to introduce air into the ascending flue as needed for production. The flue gas generated during the harmless treatment of solid waste in the furnace enters the ascending flue. The residual oxygen analyzer installed in the ascending flue measures the oxygen content in the flue gas, and the amount of air input is controlled as a supplement to the oxygen supply according to production needs. Air is then introduced into the ascending flue through the tertiary air inlet to ensure further and complete combustion of the flue gas generated in the furnace, thereby burning off any remaining combustible components and harmful substances in the flue gas.

[0026] Preferably, the inner wall of the furnace body is covered by a water jacket, which consists of a lower water jacket, a middle water jacket, and an upper water jacket arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The primary air inlet passes through the lower water jacket. In this way, the temperature of the lower, middle, and upper parts of the inner wall of the furnace body can be independently controlled by the lower, middle, and upper water jackets, thereby adjusting the temperature of the lower, middle, and upper parts of the inner wall of the furnace body according to actual needs.

[0027] Preferably, a DC electrode is installed at the top of the slag chamber for heating the inner cavity. This allows the molten slag inside the chamber to be kept warm via the DC electrode, preventing slag agglomeration from affecting continuous slag tapping.

[0028] Preferably, a feeding hopper is provided at the top of the furnace body, and a material equalization device is provided on the feeding hopper. The material equalization device includes a cylindrical inner cavity disposed within the feeding hopper, a rotating shaft rotatably disposed within the cylindrical inner cavity, several circumferentially uniformly disposed baffles on the rotating shaft, and a drive actuator for driving the rotating shaft to rotate. The baffles divide the cylindrical inner cavity into several storage cavities evenly distributed around the rotating shaft. The material equalization device drives the rotating shaft and the baffles to rotate at a uniform speed through the drive actuator, so that the well-mixed furnace charge entering the feeding hopper is evenly distributed through the various storage cavities before falling into the furnace body. This allows the well-mixed furnace charge to enter the furnace more evenly, which is beneficial for controlling the uniform and stable melting state of the melting reaction zone.

[0029] Preferably, the feed hopper is also equipped with an opening and closing device, which includes a baffle driving mechanism and a baffle installed inside the feed hopper. The baffle driving mechanism is used to drive the baffle to move in order to close or open the feed hopper.

[0030] Preferably, a feeding device is also included, which includes:

[0031] Raw material hopper;

[0032] Raw material belt conveyor, with raw material hopper located above the raw material belt conveyor, the raw material belt conveyor is used to transport solid waste and auxiliary materials in the raw material hopper to the mixing device;

[0033] A mixing device is used to mix and stir solid waste and auxiliary materials to form a mixed furnace charge;

[0034] The mixing furnace charge belt conveyor has a mixing device located above it. The belt conveyor transports the mixed furnace charge formed by the mixing and stirring in the mixing device to the feed hopper. In this way, the feeding device automatically mixes solid waste and auxiliary materials to form a mixed furnace charge, which is then automatically fed into the feed hopper. This ensures accurate mixing, uniform mixing, and continuous and uniform feeding, thus facilitating the control of the stable molten state in the molten reaction zone.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this invention are: by using an oxygen-enriched side-blowing and high-temperature melting method, the production of vitrified products with high stability is controlled, and solid waste is treated harmlessly. At the same time, valuable metals contained in the solid waste can be recovered to obtain vitrified substances and valuable metals that can be utilized as resources, which has good social, environmental and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a solid waste vitrification treatment device according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure at point AA.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anti-clogging nozzle for a solid waste vitrification treatment device according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the feed hopper of a solid waste vitrification treatment device according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding device of the feed hopper of a solid waste vitrification treatment equipment according to the present invention.

[0041] In the picture:

[0042] Furnace base 1;

[0043] Furnace shell 2;

[0044] 3. Furnace hearth, 3.1. Furnace bottom chamber, 3.2. Slag chamber, 3.3. Metal discharge port, 3.4. Slag discharge port, 3.5. DC electrode;

[0045] Furnace body 4, primary air inlet 4.1, secondary air inlet 4.2, lower water jacket 4.3, middle water jacket 4.4, upper water jacket 4.5;

[0046] 5. Ascending flue; 5.1. Tertiary air inlet; 5.2. Water-cooled partition wall;

[0047] Feed hopper 6, material equalization device 6.1, cylindrical inner cavity 6.11, rotating shaft 6.12, furnace charge baffle 6.13, opening and closing device 6.2, baffle 6.21, baffle drive mechanism 6.22;

[0048] Cold slag pool 7;

[0049] Anti-clogging nozzle 8, anti-clogging pipe 8.1, anti-clogging rod 8.2, return spring 8.3, sliding piston 8.4, spring stop block 8.5, piston limit block 8.6, anti-clogging air chamber 8.7, air inlet pipe 8.8, bypass air duct 8.9, first interface of anti-clogging pipe 8.10, second interface of anti-clogging pipe 8.11, air inlet pipe valve 8.12, air inlet pipe interface 8.13, bypass air duct valve 8.14;

[0050] Raw material hopper 9;

[0051] 10 raw material and auxiliary material belt conveyors;

[0052] Mixing device 11;

[0053] 12. Mixed furnace charge belt conveyor. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0055] Specific Implementation Example 1: As shown in the example Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a solid waste vitrification treatment device includes a furnace hearth 3 and a furnace body 4. The inner cavity of the furnace hearth includes a bottom chamber 3.1 and a slag chamber 3.2 that are interconnected. A metal discharge port 3.3 is provided at the bottom of the slag chamber. A slag discharge port 3.4 is provided in the middle or upper part of the slag chamber. The furnace body 4 is located above the furnace hearth; in this embodiment, the furnace body 4 is located above the bottom chamber. The furnace cavity of the furnace body is connected to the bottom chamber. The slag chamber is located on one side of the bottom chamber.

[0056] The lower part of the side wall of the furnace body is provided with several primary air inlets 4.1, which are evenly distributed on the lower part of the side wall of the furnace body. The position of each primary air inlet is lower than the position of the slag discharge port. The primary air inlets are used to input oxygen-enriched gas and / or auxiliary fuel into the furnace cavity of the furnace body. In this embodiment, a portion of the primary air inlets are used to input auxiliary fuel into the furnace cavity of the furnace body through a spray gun (for example, the auxiliary fuel is natural gas, liquid fuel oil, etc.); the remaining primary air inlets are used to input oxygen-enriched gas (for example, oxygen-enriched gas with an oxygen concentration of 30-60%) into the furnace cavity of the furnace body.

[0057] Several secondary air inlets 4.2 are provided in the middle of the side wall of the furnace body, and each secondary air inlet is evenly distributed in the middle of the side wall of the furnace body. The position of each secondary air inlet is higher than the position of the slag discharge port. The secondary air inlets are used to introduce air and / or auxiliary fuel into the furnace cavity of the furnace body. In this embodiment, a portion of the primary air inlets of each secondary air inlet are used to introduce auxiliary fuel into the furnace cavity of the furnace body through a spray gun (for example, the auxiliary fuel is natural gas, liquid fuel oil, etc.); the remaining secondary air inlets are used to introduce air into the furnace cavity of the furnace body.

[0058] The specific operation of a solid waste vitrification treatment device in this embodiment is as follows: The well-mixed solid waste and auxiliary materials undergo high-temperature melting treatment in a furnace. During this process, oxygen-enriched gas and / or auxiliary fuel are introduced into the furnace cavity through a primary air inlet to control the redox atmosphere in the melting reaction zone and maintain the temperature of the melting reaction zone above 1300°C (in actual operation, the amount of oxygen-enriched gas and / or auxiliary fuel input can be adjusted according to the temperature change of the melting reaction zone to maintain the temperature above 1300°C). This causes the well-mixed solid waste and auxiliary materials to melt in the furnace, producing glassy slag (in actual operation, the mixture of solid waste and auxiliary materials is SiO2-CaO-F). The eO ternary slag type, with the following mass percentages of solid waste and auxiliary materials: solid waste 73.7%–84.7%, limestone 5.1%–8.7%, quartz 6.3%–9.8%, hematite 1.5%–4.1%, and carbon slag 2.4%–3.7%, features glassy slag and liquid metal (if the solid waste contains valuable metals) settling and separating in the hearth. The glassy slag is discharged through the slag outlet, and the liquid metal is discharged through the metal outlet for cooling and recovery to obtain metal ingots. This achieves the purpose of harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste, making full use of solid waste and recovering recyclable glassy substances and regenerated valuable metals, thus having good social, environmental, and economic benefits. More importantly, since the primary air inlet is located lower than the slag discharge port, the air and / or auxiliary fuel blown in through the primary air inlet, which is lower than the slag discharge port, can not only play a role in auxiliary heating and control the redox atmosphere in the molten reaction zone, but also strongly stir the molten slag. During the stirring process, solid waste, reducing agent and flux are fully mixed, which is conducive to improving the efficiency and quality of glassy molten slag produced in the molten reaction zone, and producing glassy molten slag with high stability.

[0059] On the other hand, during the in-furnace harmless treatment of solid waste, air and / or auxiliary fuel are introduced into the furnace cavity through a secondary air inlet so that the flue gas generated in the furnace can be fully combusted in the furnace, burning any combustible components and harmful substances that may be present in the flue gas.

[0060] In this embodiment, the hazardous waste in the solid waste mainly includes:

[0061] 1) Inorganic hazardous waste: one or more of the following hazardous wastes: surface treatment waste, incineration residue, copper-containing waste, zinc-containing waste, nickel-containing waste, non-ferrous metal mining and smelting waste;

[0062] 2) Organic hazardous waste: one or more of the following hazardous wastes: wood preservative waste, waste organic solvents and waste containing organic solvents, waste mineral oil and waste containing waste mineral oil, distillation residues, organic resin waste, etc.

[0063] The solid waste vitrification treatment equipment in this embodiment can achieve large-scale industrial application and can also solve the problems of high operating costs and small processing scale of existing treatment equipment.

[0064] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a solid waste vitrification treatment device further includes a furnace base 1 and a furnace shell 2. The furnace shell is mounted on the furnace base and is welded from 10-15mm thick steel plates. A hearth 3 is located inside the bottom of the furnace shell. The sidewalls of the hearth consist of an outer steel wall and an inner refractory brick wall. The outer steel wall is welded from steel plates, and the inner refractory brick wall is made of refractory bricks. The hearth 3 includes a high furnace bottom and a low furnace bottom. The bottom surface of the slag chamber is lower than the bottom surface of the high furnace bottom of the hearth.

[0065] The outside of the hearth is provided with a cold slag pool 7. The glassy molten slag discharged through the slag discharge port flows into the cold slag pool and is water-quenched to form water-quenched slag (rapidly cooled and transformed into a glassy product that meets the standard requirements).

[0066] The furnace body 4 is located inside the furnace shell, above the furnace cylinder. The inner wall of the furnace body is covered by a water jacket. The water jacket consists of a lower water jacket 4.3, a middle water jacket 4.4, and an upper water jacket 4.5, distributed sequentially from bottom to top. The primary air inlet passes through the lower water jacket, and the secondary air inlet passes through the middle water jacket. In this way, the temperature of the lower, middle, and upper parts of the inner wall of the furnace body can be controlled through the lower, middle, and upper water jackets, thereby adjusting the temperature of the lower, middle, and upper parts of the inner wall of the furnace body according to actual needs.

[0067] The top of the furnace body is equipped with an ascending flue 5. The top of the furnace body is also equipped with two feed hoppers 6. In this embodiment, two feed hoppers are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ascending flue. The mixed solid waste and auxiliary materials are fed into the furnace through the feed hoppers. Using two feed hoppers symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ascending flue to feed the mixed solid waste and auxiliary materials facilitates uniform feeding.

[0068] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, several tertiary air inlets 5.1 are provided on the side wall of the rising flue. These tertiary air inlets are used to introduce air into the rising flue. A residual oxygen analyzer is also installed on the side wall of the rising flue. During the harmless treatment of solid waste in the furnace, the oxygen content in the flue gas is measured by the residual oxygen analyzer installed in the rising flue. The oxygen supply is then used as a supplement to control the air input as needed. The tertiary air inlets are used as a supplement to introduce air into the rising flue according to production needs, so that the flue gas generated in the furnace can undergo further and more complete combustion within the rising flue, thus burning away any remaining combustible components and harmful substances in the flue gas.

[0069] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a water-cooled baffle 5.2 is provided on the inner wall of the rising flue, and the bottom of the water-cooled baffle extends downward into the inner cavity of the furnace body. In this embodiment, there are two water-cooled baffles, one of which is close to one of the feed hoppers, and the other is close to the other feed hopper. The water-cooled baffles can effectively reduce the amount of furnace charge carried into the rising flue by the flue gas.

[0070] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, a DC electrode 3.5 is installed at the top of the slag chamber for heating the inner cavity of the slag chamber. In this way, the molten slag in the slag chamber can be kept warm by the DC electrode, preventing slag agglomeration from affecting continuous slag tapping.

[0071] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, at least a portion of each primary air inlet is connected to an anti-clogging nozzle. In this embodiment, all primary air inlets used for inputting oxygen-enriched gas are connected to anti-clogging nozzles 8, while the remaining primary air inlets are not connected to anti-clogging nozzles. Each primary air inlet is connected to an anti-clogging nozzle 8. The anti-clogging nozzle includes an anti-clogging tube 8.1, a sliding piston 8.4, an anti-clogging rod 8.2, a return spring 8.3, an air inlet pipe 8.8, and a bypass pipe 8.9. One end of the anti-clogging tube is open, and the other end is closed. A first anti-clogging interface 8.10 and a second anti-clogging interface 8.11 are provided on the side wall of the anti-clogging tube. The open end of the anti-clogging tube, the first anti-clogging interface, and the second anti-clogging interface are sequentially distributed along the axial direction of the anti-clogging tube. In this embodiment, a spring stop 8.5 and a piston limiting block 8.6 are also provided on the inner wall of the anti-blocking tube. The spring stop is located between the first interface and the second interface of the anti-blocking tube, and the piston limiting block is close to the other end of the anti-blocking tube. A sliding piston is slidably disposed inside the anti-blocking tube. The sliding piston is located between the first interface and the second interface of the anti-blocking tube, specifically between the spring stop and the piston limiting block. The inner cavity of the anti-blocking tube between the sliding piston and the other end of the anti-blocking tube forms an anti-blocking air chamber 8.7, and the second interface of the anti-blocking tube is connected to the anti-blocking air chamber. An anti-blocking rod is located inside the anti-blocking tube, and one end opening of the anti-blocking rod and the anti-blocking tube is located on the same side of the sliding piston. The anti-blocking rod is connected to the sliding piston. A return spring is used to push the anti-blocking rod into the anti-blocking tube. The return spring is sleeved on the anti-blocking rod, with one end abutting against the spring stop and the other end abutting against the sliding piston. The sliding piston abuts against the piston limiting block under the action of the return spring. The air inlet duct 8.8 is equipped with an air inlet duct interface 8.13 and an air inlet duct valve 8.12. One end of the air inlet duct is connected to the first interface of the anti-clogging pipe. The other end of the air inlet duct forms the input end for oxygen-enriched gas. The air inlet duct valve is located between one end of the air inlet duct and the air inlet duct interface. One end of the bypass duct 8.9 is connected to the air inlet duct interface, and the other end of the bypass duct is connected to the second interface of the anti-clogging pipe. The bypass duct is equipped with a bypass duct valve 8.14. The primary air inlet is connected to one end of the anti-clogging pipe of the corresponding anti-clogging nozzle.

[0072] When the primary air inlet is in normal working condition (i.e., when the primary air inlet is not blocked), the bypass air duct valve is in the closed state, the air inlet valve is in the open state, and the oxygen-enriched gas is input into the air inlet pipe through the other end of the air inlet pipe, and then into the furnace cavity of the furnace body through the air inlet pipe, the anti-blocking pipe and the corresponding primary air inlet.

[0073] However, since the primary air inlet is located on the lower side wall of the furnace body, it may be blocked by molten slag during the solid waste harmless treatment process, affecting the efficiency and quality stability of producing glassy molten slag. To solve this problem, this solution installs an anti-blocking nozzle at the primary air inlet. When the primary air inlet is blocked and oxygen-enriched gas cannot enter the furnace cavity, the bypass air pipe valve is opened and the air inlet valve is closed, allowing the gas entering the air inlet pipe to enter the anti-blocking gas chamber. This gas overcomes the force of the return spring and pushes the sliding piston and anti-blocking rod towards one end of the anti-blocking pipe opening, so that the anti-blocking rod can be inserted into the primary air inlet to clear and unblock the molten slag in the primary air inlet. After clearing the blockage, the bypass air pipe valve is closed and the air inlet valve is opened, and the sliding piston and anti-blocking rod are reset under the action of the return spring.

[0074] Furthermore, at least some of the secondary air inlets are connected to anti-clogging nozzles. In this embodiment, all secondary air inlets used for air input are connected to anti-clogging nozzles 8, while the remaining secondary air inlets are not connected to anti-clogging nozzles. One end of the anti-clogging tube of the corresponding anti-clogging nozzle is connected to the secondary air inlet. During the harmless treatment of solid waste, there is also a risk of the secondary air inlets being blocked by molten slag. Therefore, anti-clogging nozzles are also arranged at the secondary air inlets in this solution to solve the problem of blockage by molten slag.

[0075] In this second specific embodiment, the remaining structure is the same as in the first specific embodiment, except that...

[0076] A solid waste vitrification treatment device further includes an oxygen supply unit and an auxiliary fuel spray gun (not shown in the figure). The oxygen supply unit includes a blower and an oxygen supply pipeline for supplying oxygen. The oxygen supply pipeline is connected to a liquid oxygen storage tank. A portion of each primary air inlet is connected to the auxiliary fuel spray gun; the remaining primary air inlets are connected to the blower via a blower pipeline. The oxygen supply pipeline is connected to the blower pipeline. Thus, a portion of the primary air inlets injects auxiliary fuel into the furnace chamber through the spray gun, while the other portion of the primary air inlets introduces oxygen-enriched gas into the furnace chamber to control the temperature stability and reaction atmosphere of the molten reaction zone within the furnace.

[0077] Specifically, the blower duct includes a main blower duct and primary blower branch ducts. One end of the main blower duct connects to the blower outlet, and the other end is closed. One end of each primary blower branch duct connects to the main blower duct, and the other end connects to the other end of the inlet pipe of the corresponding primary air inlet's anti-clogging nozzle. The oxygen supply duct is connected to the main blower duct.

[0078] In this specific embodiment, the remaining structure is the same as in specific embodiment one or specific embodiment two, except that...

[0079] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, a material equalization device 6.1 is provided on the feed hopper 6. The material equalization device includes a cylindrical inner cavity 6.11 disposed in the feed hopper, a rotating shaft 6.12 rotatably disposed in the cylindrical inner cavity, several furnace charge baffles 6.13 evenly disposed around the rotating shaft, and a drive actuator for driving the rotating shaft to rotate. The drive actuator is a drive motor. The upper port of the feed hopper is located above the cylindrical inner cavity. In this embodiment, the cylindrical inner cavity and the rotating shaft are coaxially distributed, and the axis of the cylindrical inner cavity is horizontally distributed, with the furnace charge baffles parallel to the rotating shaft. The furnace charge baffles divide the cylindrical inner cavity into several storage cavities evenly distributed around the rotating shaft. The material equalization device drives the rotating shaft and the furnace charge baffles to rotate at a uniform speed through the drive actuator, so that the well-mixed furnace charge entering the feed hopper is evenly distributed through each storage cavity before falling into the furnace, thereby enabling the well-mixed furnace charge to enter the furnace more evenly, which is beneficial for controlling the uniform and stable melting state of the melting reaction zone.

[0080] The feed hopper is also equipped with an opening and closing device 6.2. This device includes a baffle drive mechanism 6.22 and a baffle 6.21 disposed within the feed hopper. The baffle drive mechanism drives the baffle to move, thereby closing or opening the feed hopper. In this embodiment, the baffles are arranged in a water-like pattern and are located above the cylindrical inner cavity. The baffle drive mechanism drives the baffle to move horizontally. The baffle drive mechanism is a pneumatic cylinder or an electric cylinder. Thus, the opening and closing of the feed hopper can be controlled by the opening and closing device, allowing the feed hopper to be closed when feeding is not required.

[0081] In this specific embodiment four, the remaining structure is the same as in specific embodiment one, two, or three, except that...

[0082] like Figure 5 As shown, a solid waste vitrification treatment device also includes a feeding device. The feeding device includes a raw material hopper 9, a raw material belt conveyor 10, a mixing device 11, and a mixing furnace charge belt conveyor 12.

[0083] The raw material hopper is located above the raw material belt conveyor, which is used to transport solid waste and auxiliary materials in the raw material hopper to the mixing device.

[0084] The mixing device includes a mixing tank and an agitator installed inside the mixing tank. The upper end of the mixing tank has an inlet, and the lower end has an outlet with a discharge valve. The output end of the raw material and auxiliary material belt conveyor is located above the inlet and is used to transport solid waste and auxiliary materials into the mixing device.

[0085] The discharge port of the mixing device is located above the mixing furnace charge belt conveyor. The mixing furnace charge belt conveyor is used to deliver the mixed furnace charge formed by mixing and stirring in the mixing device to the feed hopper.

[0086] In this embodiment, there are several raw material hoppers and several raw material belt conveyors, with each hopper corresponding to a specific belt conveyor. The hoppers are located above their respective belt conveyors. In this embodiment, the belt conveyors are belt conveyors with weighing functions; however, they can also be ordinary belt conveyors. There is one mixing device. Each raw material belt conveyor transports solid waste and auxiliary materials to the same mixing device for stirring and mixing.

[0087] The solid waste is selected as the auxiliary material (limestone, quartz, hematite, and carbon slag). In this embodiment, the solid waste, limestone, quartz, hematite, and carbon slag are respectively fed into the mixing device through a raw material hopper and a corresponding raw material belt conveyor. Then, the solid waste and auxiliary materials are stirred and mixed in the mixing device to form a mixed furnace charge. Next, the mixing device feeds the mixed furnace charge into the feed hopper through the mixed furnace charge belt conveyor, so as to make the mixed furnace charge accurate, uniformly mixed, and continuously and uniformly fed, which is conducive to controlling the stability of the melting state in the melting reaction zone.

[0088] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, alterations, and equivalent transformations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid waste vitrification treatment device, characterized in that, include: The hearth has an inner cavity that includes a bottom chamber and a slag chamber that are interconnected. A metal outlet is provided at the bottom of the slag chamber, and a slag outlet is provided in the middle or upper part of the slag chamber. The furnace body is located above the furnace cylinder, and the furnace cavity of the furnace body is connected to the furnace bottom chamber; The lower part of the side wall of the furnace body is provided with several primary air inlets. The primary air inlets are used to input oxygen-enriched gas and / or auxiliary fuel into the furnace cavity of the furnace body. The position of each primary air inlet is lower than the position of the slag discharge port. Several secondary air inlets are provided in the middle of the side wall of the furnace body. Each secondary air inlet is located higher than the slag discharge port. The secondary air inlets are used to input air and / or auxiliary fuel into the furnace cavity of the furnace body. At least a portion of each primary air inlet is connected to an anti-clogging nozzle, which includes: The anti-blocking tube has an open end and a closed end, and its side wall is provided with an anti-blocking tube first interface and an anti-blocking tube second interface; A sliding piston is slidably disposed inside the anti-blocking tube, located between the first interface and the second interface of the anti-blocking tube. The inner cavity of the anti-blocking tube between the sliding piston and the other end of the anti-blocking tube forms an anti-blocking air chamber. The second interface of the anti-blocking tube is connected to the anti-blocking air chamber. The anti-blocking rod, which is connected to the sliding piston, is located inside the anti-blocking tube, and its opening is on the same side as that of the sliding piston. The reset spring pushes the anti-blocking rod into the anti-blocking tube; An air inlet duct is provided with an air inlet duct interface and an air inlet duct valve. One end of the duct is connected to the first interface of the anti-blocking pipe, and the air inlet duct valve is located between one end of the air inlet duct and the air inlet duct interface. The bypass duct has one end connected to the air inlet duct interface and the other end connected to the second interface of the anti-blocking duct, and is equipped with a bypass duct valve. The primary air inlet is connected to one end of the anti-clogging tube of the corresponding anti-clogging nozzle.

2. The solid waste vitrification treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least some of the secondary air inlets are connected to anti-clogging nozzles, and the secondary air inlets are connected to one end of the anti-clogging tube of the corresponding anti-clogging nozzle.

3. The solid waste vitrification treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the furnace body is provided with a rising flue, and the side wall of the rising flue is provided with a tertiary air inlet and a residual oxygen analyzer. The tertiary air inlet is used to input air into the rising flue.

4. A solid waste vitrification treatment device according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The inner wall of the furnace body is covered by a water jacket, which consists of a lower water jacket, a middle water jacket and an upper water jacket arranged from bottom to top. The primary air inlet passes through the lower water jacket.

5. A solid waste vitrification treatment device according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The top of the slag chamber is equipped with a DC electrode for heating the inner cavity of the slag chamber.

6. A solid waste vitrification treatment device according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The top of the furnace body is provided with a feeding hopper, and the feeding hopper is provided with a material equalization device. The material equalization device includes a cylindrical inner cavity set in the feeding hopper, a rotating shaft set in the cylindrical inner cavity, several furnace material baffles evenly arranged on the rotating shaft in a circumferential direction, and a drive actuator for driving the rotating shaft to rotate.

7. The solid waste vitrification treatment equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The furnace baffle divides the cylindrical inner cavity into several storage cavities that are evenly distributed around the rotation axis.

8. A solid waste vitrification treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The feed hopper is also equipped with an opening and closing device, which includes a baffle driving mechanism and a baffle installed inside the feed hopper. The baffle driving mechanism is used to drive the baffle to move in order to close or open the feed hopper.

9. A solid waste vitrification treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a feeding device, which includes: Raw material hopper; Raw material belt conveyor, with raw material hopper located above the raw material belt conveyor, the raw material belt conveyor is used to transport the raw materials in the raw material hopper to the mixing device; The mixing device is used to mix and stir raw and auxiliary materials to form a mixed furnace charge; The mixing furnace charge belt conveyor has a mixing device located above it. The mixing furnace charge belt conveyor is used to deliver the mixed furnace charge formed by mixing and stirring in the mixing device to the feed hopper.

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