A multi-working-condition adaptive valve group, expansion turbine and reaction speed type expander

Abstract

The application provides a multi-working-condition adaptive valve group, an expansion turbine and a reaction speed type expander. The multi-working-condition adaptive valve group has a distribution cavity with an air inlet and used for collecting and receiving a working medium; a plurality of valve body units are connected with the distribution cavity, each valve body unit has a different preset opening and closing pressure interval, and the opening and closing pressure interval of any valve body unit intersects with or has the same end point value as the opening and closing pressure interval of at least one other valve body unit, so that any valve body unit is closed, and at least one other valve body unit is necessarily opened. The application also provides an expansion turbine with the valve group, a reaction speed type expander applied with the expansion turbine, and the application of the expander. The valve group in the application can adaptively distribute according to the working medium pressure at the air inlet. When the valve group is installed in an expander, a compressor and other equipment or systems, the problems of under-expansion, over-expansion and other working condition matching in the prior art can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fluid expansion, specifically to a multi-condition adaptive valve group, an expansion turbine, and a reaction-type velocity expander. Background Technology

[0002] In power cycle systems such as thermal power generation and refrigeration heat pumps, there is a pressure reduction process. In thermal power generation systems, the working fluid pressure is reduced and power is output through expansion components (turbines or expanders); in refrigeration heat pump systems, the working fluid pressure is reduced through expansion components (expansion valves, capillary tubes, ejectors, or expanders, etc.).

[0003] In reverse circulation systems such as refrigeration and heat pumps, expansion components are used to reduce the pressure of the working fluid. Expansion valves and capillaries can be used as expansion components in reverse circulation systems. After the working fluid passes through the expansion valve or capillary, the expansion work generated during the expansion process is dissipated. This energy dissipation significantly affects the system's energy utilization efficiency. With further research, ejectors and expanders have been introduced into reverse circulation systems to replace the previous dissipative expansion components such as expansion valves and capillaries. Generally, the design and manufacturing process of ejectors is easier than that of expanders because the ejector structure is relatively simple and has no moving parts. However, introducing ejectors requires more modifications to the circulation system structure, and numerous studies have shown that ejectors have relatively low efficiency in utilizing the system's expansion work. Although some subsequent studies have optimized and improved the ejector structure and its operational performance in the system, the efficiency improvement of the circulation system using ejectors has been limited. Using expanders can more effectively recover and utilize the expansion work in the system, thereby further improving the system's efficiency.

[0004] In a forward cycle thermal power generation system, the system's operating conditions fluctuate due to the instability of the external environment. Similarly, in a reverse cycle refrigeration heat pump system, the temperature and supply of the heat source fluid fluctuate during operation, causing changes in the system's actual operating conditions. When the system's operating conditions change, the operating conditions of the equipment within the system also change, including the operating conditions of the expander used in the system.

[0005] When the operating conditions of the expander change, the operating conditions deviate from the design conditions. In this case, over-expansion and under-expansion may occur after the working fluid has finished expanding in the expander.

[0006] 1) When the working fluid undergoes overexpansion, its pressure after expansion in the expander is lower than the ambient pressure at the outlet of the expansion channel. At this point, a shock wave is generated at the outlet of the expansion channel, and the pressure of the working fluid suddenly jumps to equal the pressure at the outlet. This process is called the sudden compression of the working fluid. The sudden compression of the working fluid is an irreversible process, during which the energy of the working fluid is dissipated.

[0007] 2) When underexpansion occurs in the expander, the pressure of the working fluid after expansion is higher than the ambient pressure at the outlet of the expansion channel. In this case, the working fluid cannot fully expand within the expansion channel. It will undergo free expansion at the outlet. During this free expansion, the working fluid pressure gradually decreases until it equals the ambient pressure at the outlet. This free expansion is irreversible; the pressure drop does not effectively increase the working fluid velocity. After free expansion, the working fluid pressure decreases, the velocity remains constant, the flow rate remains constant, and the energy of the working fluid is lost.

[0008] Therefore, under varying operating conditions, the over-expansion and under-expansion of the working fluid in the expander of the circulating system will cause the working fluid energy to be lost, reducing the efficiency of the power circulation system. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention provides a multi-condition adaptive valve assembly, an expansion turbine, and a reaction-type velocity expander. By designing a multi-condition adaptive valve assembly, the flow can be adaptively diverted according to the working fluid pressure at the inlet. When this valve assembly is installed in expanders, compressors, and other equipment or systems, it can solve the problems of underexpansion, overexpansion, and other operating condition matching in the prior art.

[0010] In a first aspect of the invention, a multi-condition adaptive valve assembly is provided, comprising:

[0011] The flow divider has an air inlet and is used to collect and receive the working fluid;

[0012] Multiple valve body units are connected to the flow distribution chamber, and each valve body unit has a different preset opening and closing pressure range. The opening and closing pressure range of any one valve body unit intersects with or has the same endpoint value as the opening and closing pressure range of at least one other valve body unit, so that if any one valve body unit is closed, at least one other valve body unit will necessarily be open.

[0013] Furthermore, the diversion cavity is a hollow sphere or hemispherical structure, or has an arc-shaped or square cross-section.

[0014] Furthermore, the valve body unit includes:

[0015] Valve seat;

[0016] A valve inlet passage is formed at one end of the valve seat;

[0017] A valve exhaust passage is formed at the other end of the valve seat and communicates with the expansion channel;

[0018] A valve plate is spring-loaded within the valve seat, and under external force, the valve plate can move completely to the end of the valve seat and close the valve's air inlet passage or the valve's air outlet passage.

[0019] A valve plate channel is provided on the valve plate. When the valve plate is not completely sealed against the end of the valve seat, the working fluid flows through the valve inlet channel, the valve plate channel and the valve exhaust channel in sequence.

[0020] The valve end cap is connected to the valve seat as a single unit.

[0021] The valve plate channel is completely misaligned with the valve inlet channel and the valve exhaust channel, so that air cannot pass through when the valve inlet channel or the valve exhaust channel is closed.

[0022] One end of the spring is embedded in the valve seat, and the other end is fixed to the valve plate.

[0023] In a second aspect of the present invention, an expansion turbine having the above-described multi-condition adaptive valve group is provided, comprising:

[0024] The wheel body has a wheel body axle channel and is capable of rotating around the wheel body axle channel;

[0025] The wheel end cap is integrally connected to one end of the wheel body;

[0026] A multi-condition adaptive valve group is provided in the wheel body, and the air inlet of the flow splitting chamber is connected to the wheel body shaft channel.

[0027] An expansion channel is formed in the wheel body. The exhaust end of each valve body unit is independently connected to an expansion channel. The exhaust end of each expansion channel extends to the outer periphery of the wheel body, and all expansion channels have the same bending direction.

[0028] The working fluid expands within the expansion channel and is ejected out onto the outer periphery of the wheel body, generating a single reaction force to cause the wheel body to rotate.

[0029] Furthermore, the direction in which the working fluid is ejected from the expansion channel is close to the tangential direction of the expansion channel nozzle on the outer periphery of the wheel body.

[0030] Furthermore, the number of the multi-condition adaptive valve groups is 1 group, and they are distributed circumferentially at equal intervals on the wheel body.

[0031] Furthermore, the flow divider chamber of each valve body unit is independently connected to the wheel axle channel through a wheel intake channel formed on the wheel body.

[0032] In a third aspect of the invention, a reaction-type velocity expander having the aforementioned expanding turbine is provided.

[0033] It includes an expander housing and an expander right end cover. A generator and the expander turbine are installed inside the expander housing, and the expander right end cover is assembled at the end of the expander housing.

[0034] The right end cover of the expander has a support shaft extending toward the center of the expander housing into the wheel axle channel. The support shaft is slidably connected to the inner side of the wheel axle channel via a first sliding bearing and a second sliding bearing, and an annular channel is formed between the first sliding bearing and the second sliding bearing. The wheel air intake channel of each valve body unit is connected to the annular channel.

[0035] A support shaft channel is provided inside the support shaft from the outer end to the inner end, and a shaft-side channel is provided laterally on the support shaft. One end of the shaft-side channel is connected to the support shaft channel, and the other end is connected to the annular channel.

[0036] Wherein, one end of the wheel body extends inward to form a wheel body connecting part, the wheel body connecting part is slidably connected to the support shaft through the second sliding bearing, and at least part of the outer peripheral side of the wheel body connecting part is connected to the inner peripheral side of the rotor of the generator through a key;

[0037] A gap space is formed between the wheel and the inner wall of the expander housing. The working fluid, after being expanded in the expansion channel, is injected into the gap space and generates a reaction force, causing the wheel to rotate and driving the rotor to rotate to generate electricity. The working fluid in the gap space is discharged through the expander exhaust channel on the expander housing.

[0038] At least part of the outer periphery of the wheel body connecting part is slidably connected to the expander housing via a third sliding bearing, and one end of the third sliding bearing at least relatively closes the gap space.

[0039] In a fourth aspect of the invention, an application of a reaction-type velocity expander is provided for a positive circulation system in thermal power generation, comprising an evaporator connected to the expander and forming a circulation loop, as well as a condenser and a compressor or pump; the outlet end of the compressor or pump is connected to the inlet end of the evaporator so that the high-pressure working fluid absorbs heat in the evaporator to reach a high-temperature and high-pressure state; the outlet end of the evaporator is connected to the expander so that the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid enters the expander; the low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid after being worked by the expander enters the condenser and is cooled into a liquid, and the outlet end of the condenser is connected to the compressor or pump to pressurize the liquid working fluid.

[0040] In a fifth aspect of the invention, another application of a reaction-type velocity expander is provided for use in a reverse cycle system of a refrigeration or heat pump, comprising an evaporator, a condenser, and the expander connected to a compressor and forming a circulation loop; the outlet of the expander is connected to the inlet of the evaporator so that a low-temperature, low-pressure working fluid absorbs heat and evaporates into a gaseous state within the evaporator; the gaseous working fluid exiting the evaporator enters the compressor and is compressed into a high-temperature, high-pressure state; the outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the condenser so that the high-temperature, high-pressure working fluid is cooled into a liquid state; the liquid working fluid exiting the condenser enters the expander and expands to perform work.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0042] 1. This invention discloses a multi-condition adaptive valve group. For the working fluid entering the valve group flow chamber, the corresponding valve body unit can be opened adaptively according to the pressure of the working fluid. It is suitable for variable or multi-condition situations where the working fluid operating conditions change. Adding this valve group to the expander can solve the problems of under-expansion and over-expansion.

[0043] 2. The present invention also discloses an expansion turbine with the above-mentioned multi-condition adaptive valve group, which divides the working fluid at the inlet according to the pressure, and the working fluids under different conditions after the division enter the appropriate expansion channel to expand and do work, so that the turbine rotates.

[0044] 3. The present invention also discloses a reaction-type velocity expander having the above-mentioned expansion turbine. By diverting the working fluid entering the expander, the working fluids under different working conditions enter the appropriate expansion channels to expand and do work, which can reduce the dissipation of expansion work during the expansion process and improve the recovery and utilization of expansion work.

[0045] 4. This invention provides two typical application systems for the above-mentioned reaction-type velocity expander. Since the expander can adapt to the operation of the working medium under different working conditions, it can reduce the negative impact of over-expansion and under-expansion of the working medium in the system, thereby effectively improving the energy utilization rate and the cycle efficiency of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the flow divider cavity of the multi-condition adaptive valve group in an embodiment of the present invention, which is square.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped cross-section of the flow divider cavity of the multi-condition adaptive valve group in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the multi-condition adaptive valve assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the valve body unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the expansion turbine in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction velocity expander in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the expansion turbine in the reaction-type velocity expander in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the expansion unit applied in a thermal power generation positive cycle system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an expander applied in a refrigeration and heat pump reverse cycle system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Numbering on the map:

[0057] 1-Expander left end cover, 2-Expander left end cover screw, 3-Expander left end cover sealing gasket, 4-Connector board protective shell, 5-Connector board screw, 6-Connector board, 7-Connector post, 8-Epoxy resin sealant, 9-Connector board sealing gasket, 10-Expander box, 11-Expander right end cover sealing gasket.

[0058] 12-Expander right end cover, 12-1-Support shaft, 12-2-Support shaft channel, 12-3-Shaft side channel, 13-Wheel body, 13-1-Valve body unit, 13-1-1-Valve seat, 13-1-2-Valve end cover, 13-1-3-Spring, 13-1-4-Valve plate channel, 13-1-5-Valve exhaust channel, 13-1-6-Valve intake channel, 13-1-7-Valve plate, 13-2-Wheel body intake channel, 13-3-Expansion flow channel, 13-4-Diverter chamber, 13-5-Wheel body shaft channel, 13-6-Wheel body connecting part, 13-7-Diverter flow channel;

[0059] 14-Wheel end cover, 15-Expander right end cover screw, 16-First sliding bearing, 17-Second sliding bearing, 18-Generator stator, 19-Generator rotor, 20-Connecting key, 21-Generator coil, 22-Third sliding bearing, c-16-22-Annular channel, 24-Gap space, 25-Expander exhaust channel;

[0060] In a thermal power generation positive cycle system: A-1 - Evaporator, A-2 - Condenser, A-3 - Compressor or pump, A-4 - Expander;

[0061] In a refrigeration and heat pump reverse cycle system: B-1 - Evaporator, B-2 - Condenser, B-3 - Compressor, B-4 - Expander. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] In a first aspect of the invention, to solve the problems of under-expansion and over-expansion in an expander, a multi-condition adaptive valve group can be added to the expander. The working fluid entering the valve group can adaptively open the corresponding valve body unit according to the pressure of the working fluid, thereby solving the problems of under-expansion and over-expansion.

[0064] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a multi-condition adaptive valve assembly has the following features:

[0065] The diversion chamber 13-4 has an air inlet and is used to collect and receive the working fluid.

[0066] Multiple valve body units 13-1 are connected to the flow divider chamber 13-4, and each valve body unit 13-1 has a different preset opening and closing pressure range. The opening and closing pressure range of any one valve body unit 13-1 intersects with or has the same endpoint value as the opening and closing pressure range of at least one other valve body unit 13-1, so that if any one valve body unit 13-1 is closed, at least one other valve body unit 13-1 will necessarily be open.

[0067] The diversion cavity 13-4 is a hollow sphere or hemispherical structure, such as... Figure 3 As shown, or with an arc-shaped or square cross-section, the flow divider 13-4 is connected to the valve body unit 13-1 through the flow divider channel 13-7, as shown. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown.

[0068] The structure of valve body unit 13-1 is as follows Figure 4 As shown, it includes:

[0069] Valve seat 13-1-1;

[0070] The valve inlet passage 13-1-6 is formed at one end of the valve seat 13-1-1;

[0071] The valve exhaust passage 13-1-5 is formed at the other end of the valve seat 13-1-1 and is connected to the expansion passage 13-3;

[0072] The valve plate 13-1-7 is disposed in the valve seat 13-1-1 by the spring 13-1-3, and under the action of external force, the valve plate 13-1-7 can move completely to the end of the valve seat 13-1-1 and close the valve inlet passage 13-1-6 or the valve exhaust passage 13-1-5;

[0073] Valve plate channel 13-1-4 is provided on the valve plate 13-1-7. When the valve plate 13-1-7 is not completely sealed and tightly attached to the end of the valve seat 13-1-1, the working fluid flows through the valve inlet channel 13-1-6, the valve plate channel 13-1-4 and the valve exhaust channel 13-1-5 in sequence.

[0074] The valve end cap 13-1-2 is connected to the valve seat 13-1-1 as a whole;

[0075] Wherein, the valve plate channel 13-1-4 is completely misaligned with the valve inlet channel 13-1-6 and the valve exhaust channel 13-1-5, so that when the valve inlet channel 13-1-6 or the valve exhaust channel 13-1-5 is closed, no air can be passed;

[0076] One end of the spring 13-1-3 is embedded in the valve seat 13-1-1, and the other end is fixed to the valve plate 13-1-7.

[0077] The multi-condition adaptive valve assembly provided by this invention allows the working fluid to enter the flow distribution chamber. Since each valve unit has a different preset opening and closing pressure range, the valve unit corresponding to the working fluid pressure opens, and the working fluid flows sequentially through the valve inlet channel 13-1-6, the valve plate channel 13-1-4, and the valve exhaust channel 13-1-5 to the expansion channel 13-3 for expansion and work. This valve assembly is also suitable for changes in the working fluid's operating conditions. As the working fluid's operating conditions change, the valve unit corresponding to the working fluid pressure opens, allowing the working fluid to flow into the expansion channel and perform work. Therefore, adding this valve assembly to an expander or compressor can solve the problems of under-expansion and over-expansion.

[0078] It should be noted that the working medium entering the valve body unit can be either gas or liquid. The air inlet and other structures mentioned in the text are only structural names and do not mean that the present invention is only applicable to gaseous environments.

[0079] The valve body unit actually operates in two processes during expansion (first, the end face of the valve seat with the valve inlet channel is defined as the lower end face of the valve seat, and the positive direction of the valve disc movement is defined as the movement of the valve disc from the lower end to the upper end of the valve seat):

[0080] (i) In the initial closed state of the valve body unit, the valve disc is located on the lower end face of the valve seat (the valve disc is located at the valve inlet passage). The opening process of the valve body unit involves the valve disc moving from the lower section of the valve seat to the upper end face of the valve seat. At this time, the upper end face of the valve seat acts as a lift limiter for the valve body unit. When the pressure of the inlet working fluid gradually increases to the minimum value of the pressure that a certain expansion channel can adapt to, the valve body unit at the inlet of that expansion channel begins to open, the valve disc leaves the valve seat, and the valve disc moves in the positive direction under the combined action of gas thrust, spring force, and other external forces (the valve body unit opens). When the pressure of the inlet working fluid further increases to the maximum value of the pressure that the expansion channel can adapt to, the valve disc stops on the upper end face of the valve seat to close the valve exhaust passage, and the valve body unit closes.

[0081] (II) In the initial closed state of the valve body unit, the valve disc is located on the upper end face (the valve disc is located at the valve exhaust passage). During the opening process of the valve body unit, the valve disc moves in the negative direction. At this time, the lower end face of the valve seat acts as a lift limiter for the valve body unit. When the pressure of the intake working fluid gradually decreases to the maximum value of the pressure adapted to a certain expansion channel, the valve body unit at the intake port of that expansion channel begins to open, the valve disc leaves the valve seat, and the valve disc moves in the negative direction under the combined action of gas thrust, spring force, and other external forces. When the pressure of the intake working fluid further decreases to the minimum value of the pressure adapted to the expansion channel, the valve disc stops on the lower end face of the valve seat, closing the valve body intake passage, and the valve body is closed.

[0082] In a second aspect of the invention, an expansion turbine having the above-described multi-condition adaptive valve group is provided, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the expansion turbine has:

[0083] The wheel body 13 has a wheel body axle channel 13-5 and is rotatable around the wheel body axle channel 13-5;

[0084] The wheel end cap 14 is integrally connected to one end of the wheel body 13;

[0085] A multi-condition adaptive valve group is provided in the wheel body 13, and the air inlet of the flow divider 13-4 is connected to the wheel body shaft channel 13-5.

[0086] An expansion channel 13-3 is formed inside the wheel body 13. The exhaust end of each valve body unit 13-1 is independently connected to an expansion channel 13-3. The exhaust end of each expansion channel 13-3 extends to the outer periphery of the wheel body 13, and all expansion channels 13-3 have the same bending direction.

[0087] The working fluid expands within the expansion channel 13-3 and is ejected out onto the outer periphery of the wheel body 13, generating a single reaction force to cause the wheel body 13 to rotate.

[0088] In the expansion turbine, the working fluid is ejected from the expansion channel 13-3 in a direction close to the tangential direction of the nozzle of the expansion channel 13-3 on the outer periphery of the turbine body 13, so as to maximize the rotational speed of the turbine body 13.

[0089] In this configuration, the flow-dividing chamber 13-4 of each valve body unit 13-1 is independently connected to the wheel axle channel 13-5 through the wheel axle channel 13-2 formed on the wheel body 13. The working fluid entering through the wheel axle channel 13-5 can simultaneously flow into all valve body units 13-1 to perform flow-dividing and expansion work. Furthermore, the working fluids entering the flow-dividing chambers of valve body units 13-1 do not affect each other, thereby improving the efficiency of expansion work.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the number of the multi-condition adaptive valve groups is 3, and they are centrally symmetrically distributed on the wheel body 13.

[0091] The expansion turbine provided by the present invention operates as follows: the working fluid enters all multi-condition adaptive valve groups from the turbine shaft channel 13-5 and the turbine inlet channel 13-2. The valve groups divert the working fluid in the diversion chamber. After diversion, the working fluids under different conditions enter the appropriate expansion channels to expand and do work. After doing work, the working fluid is ejected to the outer periphery of the turbine 13 to generate a single reaction force, causing the turbine to rotate.

[0092] In a third aspect of the invention, a reaction-type velocity expander having the aforementioned expanding turbine is disclosed, such as... Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the expander turbine at point BB in a reaction-type velocity expander, including the support shaft.

[0093] The reaction-type velocity expander includes an expander housing 10 and an expander right end cover 12. A generator and the expander turbine are installed inside the expander housing 10, and the expander right end cover 12 is assembled at the end of the expander housing 10.

[0094] The right end cover 12 of the expander has a support shaft 12-1 extending toward the center of the expander housing 10 into the wheel axle channel 13-5. The support shaft 12-1 is slidably connected to the inner side of the wheel axle channel 13-5 through a first sliding bearing 16 and a second sliding bearing 22. An annular channel c-16-22 is formed between the first sliding bearing 16 and the second sliding bearing 22. The wheel air intake channel 13-2 of each valve body unit 13-1 is connected to the annular channel c-16-22.

[0095] A support shaft channel 12-2 is provided inside the support shaft 12-1 from the outer end to the inner end. A shaft side channel 12-3 is provided on the upper side of the support shaft 12-1. One end of the shaft side channel 12-3 is connected to the support shaft channel 12-2, and the other end is connected to the annular channel c-16-22.

[0096] Wherein, one end of the wheel body 13 extends inward to form a wheel body connecting part 13-6, the wheel body connecting part 13-6 and the support shaft 12-1 are slidably connected through the second sliding bearing 22, and the outer peripheral side of the wheel body connecting part 13-6 is at least partially keyed to the inner peripheral side of the rotor 19 of the generator;

[0097] A gap space 24 is formed between the wheel body 13 and the inner wall of the expander housing 10. The working fluid, after being expanded in the expansion channel 13-3, is injected into the gap space 24 and generates a reaction force, causing the wheel body 13 to rotate and drive the rotor 19 to rotate to generate electricity. The working fluid in the gap space 24 is discharged through the expander exhaust channel 25 on the expander housing 10.

[0098] At least part of the outer periphery of the wheel connecting part 13-6 is slidably connected to the expander housing 10 via a third sliding bearing 17, and one end of the third sliding bearing 17 at least relatively closes the gap space 24.

[0099] The reaction velocity expander provided by this invention divides the working fluid at the expander inlet according to the working conditions. After the division, the working fluids under different working conditions enter the appropriate expansion channels to expand and do work. This can reduce the dissipation of expansion work during the expansion process and improve the recovery and utilization of expansion work.

[0100] The expander right end cover 12 is mounted on the expander housing 10 via expander right end cover screws 15 and expander right end cover sealing gaskets 11. A support shaft 12-1 is provided on the expander right end cover 12, and axial channels 12-3 are provided on the support shaft 12-1. The number of axial channels 12-3 on the support shaft 12-1 is the same as the number of valve body units 13-1, and they are evenly distributed circumferentially, allowing the working fluid at the expander inlet to flow into each valve body unit.

[0101] The expander also includes a left end cover 1, a left end cover screw 2, and a left end cover gasket 3, which together with the right end cover 12 form a sealed cavity. Inside the expander, a generator stator 18, a connecting key 20, and a generator coil 21 are also installed. The rotor 19 is connected to the wheel body connection part 13-6 of the expander turbine via the connecting key 20.

[0102] Because the expander is a high-pressure, sealed environment, the wiring on the generator coil 21 needs to be led to the outside of the expander to output electrical energy. During this outward wiring process, the terminal block 6 must meet strength requirements. The terminal block 6 designed in this invention is made of steel. A terminal block sealing gasket 9 is used to seal the interface between the terminal block 6 and the expander housing 10. It is fixed to the expander housing 10 by terminal block screws 5 and is externally protected by a terminal block protective shell 4. The terminal block 6 has terminals 7, which are separated from the terminal block 6 by epoxy resin sealant 8. This ensures both insulation between the terminal block 6 and the terminals 7, as well as sealing and strength requirements at the connection point.

[0103] The expander housing 10 is divided into two chambers by a third sliding bearing 17. One chamber houses the expansion turbine, and the other houses the generator. As the expansion turbine rotates, it carries the working fluid from the environment, causing irregular flow of the working fluid. This irregular flow creates resistance to the turbine's rotation. Therefore, the smaller the space within the expansion turbine chamber, the less unstable the working fluid flow and the less impact it has on the turbine's rotation. Thus, the expansion turbine chamber is designed to be as small as possible to minimize interference with the generator during operation.

[0104] The working process of the expander is as follows:

[0105] First, in the expander during system operation, the working fluid under different operating conditions enters from the expander inlet and first passes through the support shaft channel 12-2 on the right end cover of the expander; then it enters the turbine inlet channel 13-2 of the expander turbine through the shaft side channel 12-3, the annular channel c-16-22; then the valve body unit 13-1 at the expansion channel inlet, which is adapted to the inlet operating condition, opens, and the working fluid enters the expansion channel 13-3 through the channel of the valve body unit for expansion. After expansion, it is discharged from the expander exhaust channel 25 through the gap space 24.

[0106] In this design, when the working fluid expands in the expansion channel, the expansion work performed during the expansion process acts on the reaction turbine of the expander. Part of the expansion work is converted into the kinetic energy of the expander turbine. During the expansion process, the working fluid accelerates, and the acceleration and injection into the gap space generate a reaction force, increasing the rotational speed and kinetic energy of the expander turbine. The expander turbine is connected to the generator rotor via a key, thereby transmitting the torque of the expander turbine to the generator rotor. This design achieves the conversion of expansion work into kinetic energy, and then into electrical energy for output and utilization.

[0107] In a fourth aspect of the invention, based on the above-described reaction-type velocity expander, the invention provides an application of the reaction-type velocity expander in a positive cycle system for thermal power generation, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the system includes an evaporator A-1 connected to the expander A-4 and forming a circulation loop, a condenser A-2, and a compressor or pump A-3. The outlet end of the compressor or pump A-3 is connected to the inlet end of the evaporator A-1 so that the high-pressure working fluid absorbs heat in the evaporator A-1 to reach a high-temperature and high-pressure state. The outlet end of the evaporator A-1 is connected to the expander A-4 so that the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid enters the expander. The low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid after being worked by the expander A-4 enters the condenser A-2 and is cooled into a liquid. The outlet end of the condenser A-2 is connected to the compressor or pump A-3 to pressurize the liquid working fluid.

[0108] This application system is a positive cycle thermal power generation system, in which the expander outputs electrical energy.

[0109] In a fifth aspect of the invention, based on the above-described reaction velocity expander, the invention provides another application of a reaction velocity expander, applied to a reverse circulation system of refrigeration or heat pumps, such as... Figure 9As shown, the system includes an evaporator B-1, a condenser B-2, and an expander B-4 connected to a compressor B-3 and forming a circulation loop. The outlet of the expander B-4 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator B-1 so that the low-temperature, low-pressure working fluid absorbs heat and evaporates into a gaseous state in the evaporator B-1. The gaseous working fluid exiting the outlet of the evaporator B-1 enters the compressor B-3 and is compressed into a high-temperature, high-pressure state. The outlet of the compressor B-3 is connected to the inlet of the condenser B-2 so that the high-temperature, high-pressure working fluid is cooled into a liquid state. The liquid working fluid exiting the outlet of the condenser B-2 enters the expander B-4 and expands to perform work.

[0110] This application system is a reverse cycle refrigeration and heat pump system. The expander is used in the system to expand the working fluid while recovering and utilizing the expansion work generated during the expansion process.

[0111] The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. The scope of protection of this application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to this application within its substance and scope of protection, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be considered to fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-condition adaptive valve assembly, characterized in that, have: The diversion chamber (13-4) has an air inlet and is used to collect and receive the working fluid; Multiple valve body units (13-1) are connected to the flow divider (13-4), and each valve body unit (13-1) has a different preset opening and closing pressure range. The opening and closing pressure range of any one valve body unit (13-1) intersects with or has the same endpoint value as the opening and closing pressure range of at least one other valve body unit (13-1), so that if any one valve body unit (13-1) is closed, at least one other valve body unit (13-1) will necessarily be open.

2. The multi-condition adaptive valve assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diversion cavity (13-4) is a hollow sphere or hemispherical structure, or has an arc-shaped or square cross-section.

3. The multi-condition adaptive valve assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve body unit (13-1) includes: Valve seat (13-1-1); A valve inlet passage (13-1-6) is formed at one end of the valve seat (13-1-1); A valve exhaust passage (13-1-5) is formed at the other end of the valve seat (13-1-1) and communicates with the expansion passage (13-3); The valve plate (13-1-7) is disposed in the valve seat (13-1-1) by a spring (13-1-3), and under the action of external force, the valve plate (13-1-7) can move completely to the end of the valve seat (13-1-1) and close the valve inlet passage (13-1-6) or the valve exhaust passage (13-1-5); The valve plate channel (13-1-4) is provided on the valve plate (13-1-7). When the valve plate (13-1-7) is not completely sealed against the end of the valve seat (13-1-1), the working fluid flows through the valve inlet channel (13-1-6), the valve plate channel (13-1-4), and the valve exhaust channel (13-1-5) in sequence. The valve end cap (13-1-2) is connected to the valve seat (13-1-1) as a whole; The valve plate channel (13-1-4) is completely misaligned with the valve inlet channel (13-1-6) and the valve exhaust channel (13-1-5) so that no air can pass through when the valve inlet channel (13-1-6) or the valve exhaust channel (13-1-5) is closed. One end of the spring (13-1-3) is embedded in the valve seat (13-1-1), and the other end is fixed to the valve plate (13-1-7).

4. An expansion turbine having the multi-condition adaptive valve group according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, have: The wheel body (13) has a wheel body axle channel (13-5) and is rotatable about the wheel body axle channel (13-5); The wheel end cap (14) is connected to one end of the wheel body (13) as a whole; A multi-condition adaptive valve group is provided in the wheel body (13), and the air inlet of the flow divider (13-4) is connected to the wheel body shaft channel (13-5). An expansion channel (13-3) is formed inside the wheel body (13). The exhaust end of each valve body unit (13-1) is independently connected to an expansion channel (13-3). The exhaust end of each expansion channel (13-3) extends to the outer periphery of the wheel body (13), and all expansion channels (13-3) have the same bending direction. The working fluid expands within the expansion channel (13-3) and is ejected onto the outer periphery of the wheel (13) to generate a single reaction force, thereby causing the wheel (13) to rotate.

5. The expansion turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The working fluid is ejected from the expansion channel (13-3) in a direction close to the tangential direction of the nozzle of the expansion channel (13-3) on the outer periphery of the wheel body (13).

6. The expansion turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The number of the multi-condition adaptive valve group is 3, and they are distributed circumferentially at equal intervals on the wheel body (13).

7. The expansion turbine according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, Each valve body unit (13-1) has a flow divider chamber (13-4) that is independently connected to the wheel axle channel (13-5) through a wheel intake channel (13-2) formed on the wheel body (13).

8. A reaction-type velocity expander having an expanding turbine as described in any one of claims 4-7, characterized in that, It includes an expander housing (10) and an expander right end cover (12). A generator and the expander turbine are installed inside the expander housing (10), and the expander right end cover (12) is assembled at the end of the expander housing (10). The right end cover (12) of the expander has a support shaft (12-1) extending toward the center of the expander housing (10) into the wheel shaft channel (13-5). The support shaft (12-1) is slidably connected to the inner side of the wheel shaft channel (13-5) by a first sliding bearing (16) and a second sliding bearing (22). An annular channel (c-16-22) is formed between the first sliding bearing (16) and the second sliding bearing (22). The wheel air intake channel (13-2) of each valve body unit (13-1) is connected to the annular channel (c-16-22). A support shaft channel (12-2) is provided inside the support shaft (12-1) from the outer end to the inner end. A shaft-side channel (12-3) is provided laterally on the support shaft (12-1). One end of the shaft-side channel (12-3) is connected to the support shaft channel (12-2), and the other end is connected to the annular channel (c-16-22). Wherein, one end of the wheel body (13) extends inward to form a wheel body connecting part (13-6), the wheel body connecting part (13-6) and the support shaft (12-1) are slidably connected by the second sliding bearing (22), and at least part of the outer peripheral side of the wheel body connecting part (13-6) is connected to the inner peripheral side of the rotor (19) of the generator by a key; A gap space (24) is formed between the wheel (13) and the inner wall of the expander housing (10). The working fluid, after being expanded in the expansion channel (13-3), is injected into the gap space (24) and generates a reaction force, causing the wheel (13) to rotate and drive the rotor (19) to rotate to generate electricity. The working fluid in the gap space (24) is discharged through the expander exhaust channel (25) on the expander housing (10). At least part of the outer periphery of the wheel body connecting part (13-6) is slidably connected to the expander housing (10) via a third sliding bearing (17), and one end of the third sliding bearing (17) at least relatively closes the gap space (24).

9. An application of the reaction-type velocity expander as described in claim 8, characterized in that, A positive circulation system for thermal power generation includes an evaporator (A-1) connected to the expander (A-4) and forming a circulation loop, as well as a condenser (A-2) and a compressor or pump (A-3); The outlet end of the compressor or pump (A-3) is connected to the inlet end of the evaporator (A-1) so that the high-pressure working fluid absorbs heat in the evaporator (A-1) to reach a high temperature and high pressure state. The outlet end of the evaporator (A-1) is connected to the expander (A-4) so ​​that the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid enters the expander; The low-temperature, low-pressure working fluid, after being processed by the expander (A-4), enters the condenser (A-2) and is cooled into a liquid. The outlet of the condenser (A-2) is connected to the compressor or pump (A-3) to pressurize the liquid working fluid.

10. An application of the reaction-type velocity expander as described in claim 8, characterized in that, A reverse circulation system for refrigeration and heat pumps includes an evaporator (B-1), a condenser (B-2), and an expander (B-4) connected to a compressor (B-3) and forming a circulation loop. The outlet of the expander (B-4) is connected to the inlet of the evaporator (B-1) so that the low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid absorbs heat and evaporates into a gaseous state in the evaporator (B-1); The gaseous working fluid exiting the evaporator (B-1) enters the compressor (B-3) and is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure state; The outlet of the compressor (B-3) is connected to the inlet of the condenser (B-2) so that the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is cooled into a liquid state; The liquid working fluid exiting the condenser (B-2) enters the expander (B-4) and expands to do work.

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