Ground protection system with highly dynamic crack bridging

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a ground protection system comprising: (i) optionally at least one epoxy resin primer, (ii) at least one polyurethane coating, (iii) optionally quartz sand, which is spread in and / or on the polyurethane coating, and (iv) an epoxy resin sealant, which is obtained from a resin component containing at least one liquid epoxy resin and a curing agent component containing at least one amine of formula (I). The ground protection system according to the invention has an aesthetic, hard and strong surface and good dynamic crack bridging and unexpectedly high ductility of the sealant. It is particularly suitable as a surface protection system for parking lots and drivable ramps.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a multi-layer surface protection system for parking lot floors with high dynamic crack bridging. Background Art

[0002] Coating constructions consisting of crosslinked plastics such as polyurethane or epoxy resins are known as surface protection systems for concrete buildings. Depending on the building, there are different requirements. Parking lot floors require surface protection systems that permanently seal the underlying floor (usually consisting of reinforced concrete) from penetration by moisture, salt water, fuels, lubricants and other substances that cause floor contamination, have a hard, solid surface and good slip resistance, and meet high aesthetic requirements. In addition, the surface protection system should be easy to apply, not cause excessive emissions due to solvents or strong odors, and have good crack bridging properties, so that it will not be damaged when it moves in the underlying floor due to temperature changes, vibrations caused by driving and mechanical loads.

[0003] Surface protection systems and the associated requirements and tests are described in various guidelines and standards, such as the guideline "Protection and Repair of Concrete Buildings" of the German Reinforced Concrete Association or DIN EN 1504-2, which describes surface protection systems OS 10 and OS 11 with high dynamic crack bridging capacity, and EN 1062-7 Methods B 3.2 or B 4.2, which describe dynamic crack bridging tests with a crack width change of 0.2 or 0.3 mm at -20°C. Here, a concrete crack is moved 1000 times at a frequency of 0.03 Hz at -20°C, where cracks are not allowed to form in the upper coating structure. According to the revised guidelines, cracks must not be visible even on the sealant surface.

[0004] The surface protection system of a parking lot usually comprises an elastic polyurethane coating and a sealant (top coating) made of a hard glassy epoxy resin material. It is very strong, i.e. impact-resistant, scratch-resistant and wear-resistant, but almost inextensible and therefore criticized for crack formation. In the surface protection systems known in the prior art, small cracks may appear in the sealant in the dynamic crack bridging test, even if the underlying polyurethane coating is not damaged. However, microcracks in the sealant represent a weakness of the surface protection system, especially in the event of infiltration of dirt. This affects the aesthetics of the floor and impairs the durability of the polyurethane coating. No surface protection system known in the prior art for parking lots is able to pass the dynamic crack bridging test without generating cracks in the sealant at all.

[0005] US Pat. No. 5,739,209 describes epoxy resin products containing alkylated 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine as a curing agent and an acrylate copolymer for softening. The resulting product is not hard enough to be used as a sealant for parking lot coatings.

[0006] Epoxy resin coatings which contain N-benzyl-1,2-propylenediamine or N-benzyl-1,2-ethylenediamine in the curing agent are described in EP 3,180,383 or EP 3,344,677. These amines enable coatings to have an aesthetically pleasing surface and a high gloss even when cured at low temperatures. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide a surface protection system for parking floors, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art with regard to the formation of cracks in the sealant. Surprisingly, this object is achieved by a ground protection system according to claim 1. The ground protection system comprises at least one polyurethane coating and an epoxy resin sealant, the polyurethane coating optionally being sprinkled with quartz sand, the epoxy resin sealant being obtained from a resin component containing at least one liquid epoxy resin and a curing agent component containing at least one amine of formula (I). The ground protection system has excellent compatibility and adhesion of the layers, surprisingly high ductility of the sealant, and high hardness, firmness and aesthetics of the surface. Surprisingly, the amine of formula (I) improves the mechanical compatibility between the elastic polyurethane coating and the relatively rigid epoxy resin sealant, so that this ground protection system has high crack bridging without crack formation in the sealant.

[0009] The floor protection system according to the invention has a low odor burden, is easy to install and cures quickly and reliably even at low ambient temperatures. The sealant contains no or only a small amount of diluent, is easy to apply with the required layer thickness and a sufficiently long pot life, quickly produces a well-degassing, smooth, uniform surface without spots or pits and with a low tendency to yellowing. The floor protection system has good ductility and elasticity on the underside facing the substrate and has a hard, strong surface with high wear and scratch resistance and high robustness to cold, heat, water, deicing salts, fuels, engine oils and conventional detergents. In order to achieve a particularly good anti-slip effect, the floor protection system is spread with quartz sand, wherein the sealant is applied to the partially protruding sand grains embedded in the polyurethane coating. The well-adhering epoxy resin sealant prevents the sand grains from breaking under mechanical stress.

[0010] The ground protection system according to the present invention can meet the requirements of surface protection systems 0S10 and 0S11a in terms of dynamic crack bridging at -20°C, and no cracks will be formed in the sealing material. Therefore, it is particularly suitable as a surface protection system for parking lots and drivable ramps.

[0011] Further aspects of the invention are the subject matter of further independent claims. Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The subject of the invention is a floor protection system comprising

[0014] (i) optionally at least one epoxy resin primer,

[0015] (ii) at least one polyurethane coating,

[0016] (iii) optionally quartz sand, which is spread in and / or on the polyurethane coating, and

[0017] (iv) epoxy resin sealants obtained from a resin component comprising at least one liquid epoxy resin and a curing agent component comprising at least one amine of formula (I),

[0018] Z-NH-A-NH-CH 2 -Y (I)

[0019] in

[0020] A represents a divalent C optionally containing one or more nitrogen atoms or ether groups 2 To C 15 an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group or an aralkylene group,

[0021] Z represents H or ---CH 2 -Y, and

[0022] Y represents H or C 1 To C 11 an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group,

[0023] The two nitrogen atoms to which the radical A is attached are separated from one another by at least two carbon atoms and the amine of the formula (I) contains at least 8 carbon atoms in total.

[0024] "Polyurethane" is understood to mean a composition or a cured elastomeric plastic having urethane groups and optionally urea groups.

[0025] "Top coat" refers to the uppermost layer of the floor coating.

[0026] "Liquid epoxy resin" means a commercial polyepoxide having a glass transition temperature below 25°C.

[0027] "Storage stable" means that the composition can be stored in a suitable container at room temperature for a prolonged period of time, generally at least 3 months to 6 months and longer, without its application properties or use properties changing during storage to an extent relevant to its use.

[0028] Substance names beginning with "poly", such as polyisocyanate, polyamine or polyepoxide, denote substances which formally contain two or more of the functional groups appearing in their names per molecule.

[0029] "Primary amino group" means an amino group that is bound to only one organic group and has two hydrogen atoms; "secondary amino group" means an amino group that is bound to two organic groups (which may also together form part of a ring) and has one hydrogen atom; and "tertiary amino group" means an amino group that is bound to three organic groups (two or three of which may also form part of one or more rings) and has no hydrogen atoms.

[0030] "Amine hydrogen" refers to the hydrogen atoms of primary and secondary amino groups.

[0031] "Amine hydrogen equivalent" means the mass of an amine or amine-containing composition that contains one molar equivalent of amine hydrogen.

[0032] "Diluent" means a liquid that reduces the viscosity of a curable composition and that does not chemically bond to the polymer upon curing.

[0033] "Molecular weight" refers to the molar mass of a molecule (in grams / mole). "Average molecular weight" refers to the number average molecular weight of a polydisperse mixture of oligomeric or polymeric molecules. n The average molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) relative to polystyrene standards.

[0034] "Pot life" means the time interval from mixing of the components of a multi-component curable composition during which the composition can be processed without losses.

[0035] The "gel time" means the time interval from the mixing of the components of the epoxy resin composition to its gelation.

[0036] "Room temperature" means a temperature of 23°C.

[0037] All industry standards or specifications mentioned herein refer to the versions in effect at the time of initial filing.

[0038] Unless otherwise indicated, weight percent (abbreviated as wt%) indicates the mass content of an ingredient in a composition or molecule, based on the entire composition or based on the entire molecule. The terms "mass" and "weight" are used synonymously herein.

[0039] Preferably, (i) to (iv) are arranged in order from bottom to top starting from the ground or the substrate.

[0040] Preferably, (i) to (iv) are in direct contact with each other.

[0041] Preferably, the at least one polyurethane coating (ii) and the epoxy resin sealant (iv) are in direct contact with each other and optionally additionally with the quartz sand (iii).

[0042] Preferably, the polyurethane coating has a layer thickness in the range from 2 to 6 mm.

[0043] Preferably, the polyurethane coating is elastic.

[0044] Preferably, the polyurethane coating consists of one or more layers, and at least one of these layers has an elongation at break of at least 200%, in particular at least 300%, measured at 23° C. at a tensile speed of 200 mm / min according to DIN EN 53504. If the polyurethane coating consists of multiple layers, in particular, at least the lowermost layer, viewed from the ground, has an elongation at break of at least 200%, in particular at least 300%.

[0045] Preferably, the polyurethane coating consists of two layers, wherein the lower layer (also called sealing layer) has a thickness in the range of 1.2 to 3 mm and an elongation at break of at least 200%, preferably at least 300%, and the upper layer (also called wearing layer) has a thickness in the range of 1.2 to 3 mm and a tensile strength of at least 9 MPa, preferably at least 10 MPa, and is optionally filled and / or spread with quartz sand, wherein the tensile strength and elongation at break are measured at 23° C. at a tensile speed of 200 mm / min according to DIN EN 53504.

[0046] In particular, the sealing layer has a higher ductility and a lower hardness than the wearing layer.

[0047] This construction of the polyurethane coating enables a particularly robust ground protection system with good crack bridging, wherein the lower sealing layer can particularly well absorb the tensile and compressive forces acting on the ground protection system due to crack movement in the underlying ground, the upper wearing layer ensures a high hardness and robustness of the ground protection system, and the optionally spread quartz sand enables a high level of slip resistance and also contributes to the high hardness and robustness.

[0048] The ground protection system preferably comprises quartz sand spread on the polyurethane coating. The surface of the polyurethane coating is therefore preferably spread with quartz sand.

[0049] The polyurethane coating is applied to a floor surface which has been optionally pretreated with at least one primer.

[0050] The surface of the floor or substrate to which the floor protection system is applied consists in particular of concrete, mortar, cement floor, fiber cement, bricks, tiles, gypsum, natural stone (e.g. granite or marble), asphalt, repair or leveling materials based on PCC (polymer modified cement mortar) or ECC (epoxy resin modified cement mortar) or combinations thereof.

[0051] The substrate is optionally pretreated, in particular by grinding, sandblasting or shot blasting.

[0052] The substrate is preferably concrete, especially reinforced concrete.

[0053] Before applying the polyurethane coating, at least one epoxy resin primer, also known as epoxy primer, is preferably applied to the floor. The primer serves in particular to reinforce the floor surface, close possible pores and ensure good adhesion between the floor and the polyurethane coating.

[0054] Primer is usually applied with a brush, bristle brush, roller or rubber scraper. Application is done in one or more layers, usually at a rate of about 0.2 to 0.5 kg / m 2 Suitable epoxy resin primers are commercially available products, in particular -150, -151, -160 or -161 (all from Sika).

[0055] The polyurethane coating is applied in particular in the liquid state to an optionally primed floor surface.

[0056] The polyurethane coating preferably comprises in the liquid state at least one polyisocyanate and / or at least one polymer containing isocyanate groups.

[0057] Suitable polyisocyanates are in particular oligomeric or polymeric derivatives of at least one diisocyanate, preferably selected from the group consisting of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1,6-hexane diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI).

[0058] Preferred among these are carbodiimides or uretonimines of MDI, polymeric MDI, oligomeric TDI, biuret, isocyanurate, uretdione, iminooxadiazinedione or allophanate of HDI, isocyanurate of IPDI or mixed isocyanurate of TDI and HDI.

[0059] Particularly preferred is MDI in liquid form at room temperature, in particular polymeric MDI or the carbodiimide or uretonimine of MDI. "Polymeric MDI" means mixtures of MDI and MDI homologues.

[0060] Suitable polymers containing isocyanate groups are preferably obtained by the reaction of at least one diisocyanate and at least one polyol. Here, an excess of monomeric diisocyanate is mixed with the polyol and reacted in the absence of moisture at a temperature in the range of 20 to 160° C., preferably 40 to 140° C., optionally in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Preferably, the NCO / OH molar ratio is in the range of 1.5 / 1 to 10 / 1, preferably 1.8 / 1 to 7 / 1.

[0061] Suitable diisocyanates for preparing the polymers containing isocyanate groups are, in particular, MDI, TDI, xylene diisocyanate (XDI), HDI, IPDI or perhydro-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI).

[0062] Preference is given to MDI, in particular 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or a mixture thereof with 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, or TDI, in particular 2,4-toluene diisocyanate or a mixture thereof with 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, or IPDI.

[0063] Suitable polyols for preparing the isocyanate group-containing polymers are in particular commercially available polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyacrylate polyols or hydrocarbons containing OH groups. Preference is given to polyether polyols, in particular diols or triols based on polypropylene glycol or polytetramethylene ether glycol.

[0064] The average molecular weight M is preferably n Polyols in the range of 400 to 8'000 g / mol, in particular 1'000 to 4'000 g / mol.

[0065] Suitable polyurethane coatings are one-component or multi-component polyurethanes.

[0066] One-component polyurethanes contain all the components in just one moisture-proof container and are storage-stable in this form. They cure when they come into contact with moisture during application. They are therefore also referred to as "moisture-curing". In addition to polyisocyanates and / or polymers containing isocyanate groups and other ingredients (e.g. fillers, plasticizers, catalysts, etc.), they optionally also contain so-called latent curing agents, in particular aldimines.

[0067] Two-component polyurethanes contain a curing agent component and an isocyanate component, which are stored in two separate containers and mixed only shortly before or during use. They cure in the mixed state by reaction of the components and optionally additional water.

[0068] Preferably, the polyurethane coating is two-component.

[0069] The curing agent component preferably comprises at least one curing agent selected from the group consisting of polyols, diols or polyols and polyamines.

[0070] Suitable polyols are commercially available polyols, in particular polyether polyols, in particular the polyether polyols already mentioned in which polymer particles are dispersed, polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, poly(meth)acrylate polyols, hydroxyl-containing natural fats and oils, in particular castor oil, chemically modified natural fats and oils and hydrocarbon polyols.

[0071] Preference is given to polyether polyols, aliphatic polyester polyols, aliphatic polycarbonate polyols, castor oil, castor oil derivatives or polybutadiene polyols.

[0072] The average molecular weight M is preferably n Polyols in the range of 400 to 6'000 g / mol, in particular 500 to 4'000 g / mol.

[0073] Preference is given to polyols having an average OH functionality in the range from 1.7 to 3.

[0074] Preference is given to polyols having at least some primary hydroxyl groups. Such polyols are particularly reactive with isocyanates.

[0075] Suitable dihydric or trihydric alcohols are, in particular, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol or diethylene glycol.

[0076] Suitable polyamines are in particular those having highly sterically and / or electronically hindered amino groups, in particular aromatic diamines, in particular 3,5-diethyl-2,4(6)-toluenediamine (DETDA, also known as 100 from Albemarle), 3,5-dimethylthio-2,4(6)-toluenediamine (from 300 from Albemarle) or the addition product of diethyl maleate and aliphatic polyamine (with NH1220, NH1420 or NH1520 was obtained from Covestro).

[0077] The isocyanate component comprises at least one polyisocyanate and / or a polymer containing isocyanate groups, as described above.

[0078] The polyurethane coating preferably contains other ingredients, in particular selected from other curing agents, fillers, pigments, plasticizers, catalysts, adhesion promoters, drying agents, solvents, diluents, defoamers, degassing agents, anti-settling agents and stabilizers. These other ingredients can be present as components of the curing agent component and / or the isocyanate component or as separate components.

[0079] Before or during application, the curing agent component and the isocyanate component and optionally other components are mixed. The mixing ratio between the curing agent component and the isocyanate component is preferably selected so that the ratio of isocyanate groups to reactive groups of the curing agent component is in the range of 0.5 to 1.1, preferably 0.7 to 1.0. Excess isocyanate groups are crosslinked with each other by moisture from the environment.

[0080] Curing by chemical reaction is produced by mixing the components and optionally by contact with moisture, thereby producing a cured polyurethane coating.

[0081] In the case of a one-component polyurethane coating, there is no need to mix the components. Upon application, the coating is brought into contact with moisture, whereupon curing occurs by chemical reaction with the moisture, resulting in a cured polyurethane coating.

[0082] The polyurethane coating is preferably applied at ambient temperature, in particular by pouring and then evenly distributing it in the desired amount by means of, for example, a doctor blade, a rubber blade or a roller.

[0083] The polyurethane coating can be applied in one or more layers. When applied in multiple layers, the composition of the polyurethane coating can be the same, or it can be a polyurethane coating with different compositions.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment, the polyurethane coating is applied in only one layer, in particular at a concentration of 1.8 to 3 kg / m 2 The polyurethane coating suitable for this purpose has a high ductility of at least 200%, preferably at least 300%.

[0085] In another preferred embodiment, two polyurethane coatings of different compositions are applied. First, 1.5 to 3 kg / m 2 A polyurethane coating with high ductility as described above is applied in an amount within a certain range and cured, and then a polyurethane coating with medium ductility and high strength (especially a tensile strength of at least 9 MPa, preferably at least 10 MPa) is applied, which is preferably further filled and spread with quartz sand.

[0086] This two-layer construction is particularly preferred. It allows high ductility and flexibility in the lower region of the ground protection system and also higher hardness and higher rigidity in the upper part. In addition, in the two-layer construction, a higher layer thickness is achieved overall, which is beneficial for the quality and durability of the coating.

[0087] Two-component polyurethane coatings suitable as polyurethane coatings with high ductility and medium strength, in particular based on TDI polymers and 3,5-dimethylthio-2,4(6)-toluenediamine as curing agent, in particular -376 (from Sika).

[0088] Suitable as polyurethane coatings with medium ductility and high strength are two-component polyurethane coatings based in particular on MDI in liquid form and castor oil and / or castor oil-based polyols as curing agents, in particular -377 (from Sika).

[0089] The tensile strength and elongation at break of the polyurethane coatings were each measured at 23° C. in accordance with DIN EN 53504 at a tensile speed of 200 mm / min on dumbbell-shaped test specimens with a thickness of 2 mm without additional quartz sand.

[0090] Suitable quartz sand for sprinkling and / or overspreading into and / or onto the still liquid polyurethane coating is, in particular, quartz sand having a particle size in the range of 0.05 to 10 mm.

[0091] Preferably, finer quartz sand (especially quartz sand with a particle size in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 mm) is first scattered into the freshly applied polyurethane coating, so that the sand as additional filler settles completely in the coating, and then coarser quartz sand (especially quartz sand with a particle size in the range of 0.3 to 0.8 mm) is spread over the surface, wherein the excess quartz sand is removed after the polyurethane coating has cured, especially by vacuuming or brooming. A granular surface is thus obtained, which enables particularly high slip resistance and hardness.

[0092] The epoxy resin sealant is applied to the polyurethane coating, which is optionally sprinkled with quartz sand. It is obtained from a resin component comprising at least one liquid epoxy resin and a hardener component comprising at least one amine of the formula (I).

[0093] Preferred liquid epoxy resins are aromatic dioxiranes which are liquid at room temperature and have an epoxy equivalent in the range of 110 to 200 g / mol, preferably 150 to 200 g / mmol, in particular technical grades of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and / or bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, such as are commercially available from Olin, Huntsman or Momentive. These liquid resins enable rapid curing and high hardness and robustness.

[0094] Along with the liquid epoxy resin, the resin component may also contain other components containing epoxy groups, in particular a certain amount of solid bisphenol A resin or novolac glycidyl ether or reactive diluents.

[0095] Suitable reactive diluents are, in particular, butanediol diglycidyl ether, hexanediol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane di- or triglycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, cresyl glycidyl ether, guaiacol glycidyl ether, 4-methoxyphenyl glycidyl ether, p-n-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, p-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, 4-nonylphenyl glycidyl ether, 4-dodecylphenyl glycidyl ether, cardanol glycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, hexyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether or glycidyl ethers of natural alcohols, such as, in particular, C 8 - to C 10 - or C 12 - to C14 - or C 13 - to C 15 -Alkyl glycidyl ether.

[0096] The curing agent component comprises at least one amine of formula (I),

[0097] Z-NH-A-NH-CH 2 -Y (I)

[0098] in

[0099] A represents a divalent C optionally containing one or more nitrogen atoms or ether groups 2 To C 15 an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group or an aralkylene group,

[0100] Z represents H or ---CH 2 -Y, and

[0101] Y represents H or C 1 To C 11 an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group,

[0102] The two nitrogen atoms to which the radical A is attached are separated from one another by at least two carbon atoms and the amine of the formula (I) contains at least 8 carbon atoms in total.

[0103] A is preferably selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,3-butylene, 2-methyl-1,2-propylene, 1,3-pentylene, 1,5-pentylene, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene, 1,6-hexylene, 2-methyl-1,5-pentylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 2,5-dimethyl-1,6-hexylene, 1,9-nonylene, 2,2(4),4-trimethyl-1,6-hexylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,5-pentylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 1,2-cyclohexylene. 1,3-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, (1,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-1-yl)methane-1,3, 4(2)-methyl-1,3-cyclohexylene, 1,3-cyclohexylene-bis(methylene), 1,4-cyclohexylene-bis(methylene), 1,3-phenylene-bis(methylene), 1,4-phenylene-bis(methylene), 3-aza-1,5-pentylene, 3,6-diaza-1,8-octylene, 4,7-dioxa-1,10-decylene, 3-aza-1,5-pentylene, 3,6-diaza-1,8-octylene, 4,7-diaza-1,11-decylene and 3-aza-1,6-hexylene.

[0104] A preferably contains no nitrogen atoms. This results in a sealant having a particularly aesthetic surface.

[0105] A preferably contains no ether groups. This results in a sealing material having very good hydrolysis resistance.

[0106] A particularly preferably represents C 2 To C 8 Alkylene, cycloalkylene or aralkylene, in particular 1,2-ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,3-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 2-methyl-1,5-pentylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,3-cyclohexylene-bis(methylene), 1,4-cyclohexylene-bis(methylene) or 1,3-phenylene-bis(methylene). Amines of formula (I) can achieve very good leveling properties.

[0107] Most preferably, A represents 1,2-propylene. Such amines of the formula (I) enable particularly good leveling, particularly good degassing, particularly rapid curing and particularly little yellowing.

[0108] Y is preferably selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, heptyl, hept-2-yl, phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 1-naphthyl, benzyl and cyclohexyl.

[0109] Particularly preferably, Y represents phenyl or cyclohexyl, in particular phenyl. Such amines of the formula (I) enable particularly rapid curing and particularly attractive surfaces with high gloss.

[0110] The amine of formula (I) is preferably selected from N-benzyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, N,N'-diphenylmethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, N-(4-methylbenzyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(4-methylbenzyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(4-isopropylbenzyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(4-isopropylbenzyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, -tert-butylbenzyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N-(4-dimethylaminobenzyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(4-dimethylaminobenzyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N-(1-naphthylmethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-naphthylmethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N-cyclohexylmethyl -1,2-ethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(cyclohexylmethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, N-benzyl-1,2-propylenediamine, N,N'-dibenzyl-1,2-propylenediamine, N-benzyl-1,6-hexanediamine, N,N'-dibenzyl-1,6-hexanediamine, N-benzyl-2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, N,N'-dibenzyl-2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, N-benzyl-1,3-bis(aminomethyl)benzene, N,N'- Benzhydryl-1,3-bis(aminomethyl)benzene, N-(2-ethylhexyl)-1,3-bis(aminomethyl)benzene, N,N'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1,3-bis(aminomethyl)benzene, N-benzyl-1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, N,N'-benzhydryl-1,3-bis(aminoethyl)cyclohexane, N-phenylethyl-1,3-bis(aminomethyl)benzene and N,N'-bis(phenylethyl)-1,3-bis(aminomethyl)benzene.

[0111] Very particularly preferably, A is 1,2-ethylene and Y is phenyl. Such amines of the formula (I) are N-benzyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, N,N'-dibenzyl-1,2-ethylenediamine or mixtures thereof, in particular mixtures of N-benzyl-1,2-ethylenediamine and N,N'-dibenzyl-1,2-ethylenediamine in a weight ratio in the range from 70 / 30 to 90 / 10. Such amines of the formula (I) enable the production of very low-yellowing, low-odor epoxy resin sealants with particularly good leveling, particularly fast curing and a particularly uniform, well-degassing surface.

[0112] Z preferably represents H. Such amines of the formula (I) enable particularly rapid curing to take place.

[0113] The most preferred amine of formula (I) is N-benzyl-1,2-ethylenediamine.

[0114] The amine of formula (I) is preferably provided by at least one 2 NA-NH 2 The alkylation is preferably a reductive alkylation using an aldehyde of the formula Y-CH=O and hydrogen as the alkylating agent.

[0115] The amine of formula (I) may be present in free form or in the form of an adduct with at least one epoxy resin, in particular at least one aromatic diepoxide having an epoxy equivalent weight in the range of 110 to 200 g / mol, preferably 150 to 200 g / mmol, in particular bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and / or bisphenol F diglycidyl ether. The adduct is prepared in particular with an excess of amine, so that at least 1.3 mol of amine of formula (I) is used per epoxy group.

[0116] The amine of the formula (I) is preferably present in free, non-adducted form.

[0117] The amine of formula (I) is preferably present in the epoxy resin sealant in an amount such that 5 to 80%, preferably 10 to 50%, of all amine hydrogens present in the curing agent component come from amines of formula (I), and at least one further amine having at least four aliphatic amine hydrogens is present, the amine hydrogens from the adducted amine of formula (I) being likewise calculated.

[0118] Suitable further amines having at least four aliphatic amine hydrogens are in particular commercially available amines having two primary and optionally further amino groups, in particular 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine, 1,3-pentanediamine (DAMP), 1,5-pentanediamine, 1,5-diamino-2-methylpentane (MPMD), 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,5-pentanediamine (C11-neodiamine), 1,6-hexanediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, 2,2(4),4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMD), 1,7-heptanediamine, 1,8-octanediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,11-undecanediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5- 5-trimethyl-cyclohexane (IPDA), 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane, bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane, bis(4-amino-3-ethylcyclohexyl)methane, bis(4-amino-3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methane, bis(4-amino-3-ethyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)methane, 2(4)-methyl-1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 2,5(2,6)-bis(aminomethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (NBDA), 3(4),8(9)-bis(aminomethyl)tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6 ] decane, 1,4-diamino-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane (TMCDA), 1,8-menthane diamine, 3,9-bis(3-aminopropyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]-undecane, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)benzene (MXDA), 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)benzene, bis(2-aminoethyl) ether, 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanediamine, 4,7-dioxa-1,10- Decanediamine, 4,7-dioxa-2,9-decanediamine, 4,9-dioxa-1,12-dodecanediamine, 5,8-dioxa-3,10-dodecanediamine, 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine or higher oligomers of these amines, bis(3-aminopropyl)polytetrahydrofuran or other polytetrahydrofuran diamines, polyoxyalkylene diamines or triamines, in particular polyoxypropylene diamines or triamines, for example D-230, D-400 or T-403 (all from Huntsman), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), dipropylenetriamine (DPTA), N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propylenediamine (N3-amine), N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine (N4-amine), N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane Alkane, N5-(3-aminopropyl)-2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, N3-(3-aminopentyl)-1,3-pentanediamine, N5-(3-amino-1-ethylpropyl)-2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, N,N'-bis(3-amino-1-ethylpropyl)-2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropylamine, bis(hexamethylene)triamine (BHMT), and adducts of these amines with epoxy resins.

[0119] The further amine having at least four aliphatic amine hydrogens is preferably selected from the group consisting of TMD, IPDA, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane and MXDA.

[0120] Among them, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane is particularly preferred. The combination of 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane and the amine of formula (I) in the curing agent component results in epoxy resin sealants having particularly low odor, particularly rapid curing, particularly high ductility and particularly low tendency to yellowing.

[0121] The epoxy resin sealant preferably contains further components, in particular further curing agents, accelerators, fillers, pigments, diluents, surface-active additives and / or stabilizers.

[0122] Suitable further curing agents are those already mentioned and in particular amines having two or three aliphatic amine hydrogens, polyamidoamines, phenalkamines, aromatic amines or mercaptans.

[0123] Suitable accelerators are, in particular, acids or compounds which are hydrolyzable to acids, water, nitrates, tertiary amines or Mannich bases, in particular salicylic acid, calcium nitrate, water or 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, or combinations of these accelerators.

[0124] Suitable fillers are in particular ground calcium carbonate or precipitated calcium carbonate optionally coated with fatty acids (in particular stearates), barite (settled crystal stone), talc, quartz powder, quartz sand, silicon carbide, mica iron ore, dolomite, wollastonite, kaolin, mica (potassium-aluminum-silicate), molecular sieves, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, silicon dioxide, cement, gypsum, fly ash, carbon black, graphite, metal powders such as aluminum, copper, iron, zinc, silver or steel, PVC-powder or hollow spheres. Among them, calcium carbonate, quartz powder, quartz sand or a combination thereof are preferred.

[0125] Suitable pigments are, in particular, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, chromium(III) oxide, organic pigments or carbon black.

[0126] Suitable diluents are, in particular, xylene, 2-methoxyethanol, dimethoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol, 2-isopropoxyethanol, 2-butoxyethanol, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-benzyloxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, ethylene glycol diphenyl ether, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, diphenylmethane, diisopropylnaphthalene, petroleum fractions, for example -type (from Exxon), alkylphenols such as tert-butylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol, cardanol, styrenated phenols, bisphenols, aromatic resins, in particular types containing phenolic groups, alkoxylated phenols, in particular ethoxylated or propoxylated phenols, in particular 2-phenoxyethanol, adipates, sebacates, phthalates, benzoates, organic phosphates or sulfonates or sulfonamides.

[0127] Preferred are diluents having a boiling point greater than 200° C. Particularly preferred is benzyl alcohol.

[0128] The epoxy resin sealant preferably contains a low content (especially less than 1% by weight) of an organic diluent having a boiling point below 200°C.

[0129] The epoxy resin sealant preferably contains a low content (in particular less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight) of diluents having a boiling point above 200° C.

[0130] This epoxy resin sealant leads to particularly low emissions during and after application.

[0131] Suitable surface-active additives are in particular defoamers, deaerators, wetting agents, dispersants, leveling agents or dispersed paraffin waxes. The epoxy resin coating preferably comprises a combination of these additives.

[0132] Suitable stabilizers are in particular stabilizers against UV rays or heat.

[0133] The epoxy resin sealants optionally contain further commercially available auxiliaries and admixtures, in particular rheology modifiers, such as, in particular, anti-settling agents, adhesion promoters, in particular organoalkoxysilanes, or flame retardants.

[0134] The epoxy resin sealant is preferably not water-based. It preferably contains less than 5% by weight, in particular less than 2% by weight of water, based on the entire epoxy resin sealant. Such a sealant is particularly strong against hydrolysis.

[0135] The resin component and the curing agent component of the epoxy resin sealant are stored in separate containers and are mixed only immediately before application. The resin component contains compounds containing epoxy groups, the curing agent component contains compounds that react with epoxy groups, and other components may be present as components of the resin component and / or the curing agent component.

[0136] The epoxy resin sealant preferably comprises

[0137] a resin component comprising at least one liquid epoxy resin, at least one defoamer, fillers, pigments and optionally further ingredients, and

[0138] A curing agent component comprising at least one amine of the formula (I), at least one further amine having at least four aliphatic amine hydrogens, optionally at least one diluent, in particular benzyl alcohol, and optionally further ingredients.

[0139] The components of the epoxy resin sealant are mixed shortly before or during application. The mixing ratio is preferably selected so that the molar ratio of the groups reactive toward epoxy groups relative to the epoxy groups is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5, in particular 0.7 to 1.2. In parts by weight, the mixing ratio is generally in the range of 1:10 to 20:1, preferably 1:1 to 10:1.

[0140] The components are mixed continuously or batchwise by suitable methods, ensuring that not too much time elapses between mixing and application of the components and that application takes place within the pot life. Mixing and application are carried out in particular at ambient temperature, which is generally in the range of about 5 to 40° C., preferably about 10 to 35° C.

[0141] With the mixing of the components, the curing of the epoxy resin sealant begins by chemical reaction. The primary and secondary amino groups and optionally other groups reactive to epoxy groups react with the epoxy groups by their ring opening. The main result of the reaction is the polymerization and thus curing of the epoxy resin sealant.

[0142] Curing usually lasts from a few hours to a few days. The duration depends mainly on the temperature, the reactivity of the ingredients and their stoichiometric ratios and the presence of accelerators.

[0143] Epoxy resin sealants have low viscosity in the freshly mixed state. 5 minutes after the components are mixed, the viscosity is measured by a cone and plate viscometer at 10 s -1 The viscosity at 20° C., measured at a shear rate of 100 to 3′000 mPas, in particular 500 to 2′000 mPas, is preferably in the range of 100 to 3′000 mPas.

[0144] The epoxy resin sealant is applied to the polyurethane coating which is optionally sprinkled with quartz sand.

[0145] The freshly mixed epoxy resin sealant is preferably applied in a layer thickness in the range from 0.1 to 1 mm, in particular from 0.2 to 0.8 mm, during pot life, in particular by means of a doctor blade, drum or roller.

[0146] Curing generally results in a homogeneous, uniform, glossy, non-tacky film with high hardness and firmness, surprisingly high ductility and good adhesion to the polyurethane coating and any quartz sand present. If the polyurethane coating is sprinkled with an excess of quartz sand, the epoxy resin sealant will cover the protruding sand grains and the surface will have a correspondingly granular and particularly non-slip structure.

[0147] Preferably, the polyurethane sealant has a layer thickness in the range of 0.1 to 1 mm, 0.2 to 0.8 mm.

[0148] The epoxy sealant forms the uppermost layer and thus the surface of the floor.

[0149] The epoxy resin sealant has a surprisingly high ductility. In particular, it has such ductility that in a 3-point bending test according to DIN EN ISO 178 with a support width of 48 mm and a test speed of 10 mm / min (sealant on the tension side), a test specimen consisting of a 2 mm thick polyurethane coating and an epoxy resin sealant applied thereon with a thickness of 0.5 mm can achieve a vertical deflection (maximum bending) of at least 7.5 mm, preferably at least 8 mm, in particular at least 8.5 mm before the epoxy resin sealant breaks.

[0150] Due to good adhesion to polyurethane coatings, high wear and scratch resistance, high robustness to cold, heat, water, deicing salts, fuels, engine oils and conventional detergents, surprisingly high ductility and high aesthetics, epoxy resin sealants ensure a high-quality surface for floor protection systems, thus ensuring that floors in parking lots, for example, are durably protected against high crack movements and driving.

[0151] The floor protection system according to the invention enables surprisingly good crack bridging without cracks in the sealing compound.

[0152] In particular, the ground protection system according to the invention passes the dynamic crack bridging test according to EN 1062-7 method B 3.2 at -20°C without cracks in the epoxy resin sealant.

[0153] Such ground protection systems permanently seal floors in, for example, parking garages and protect the underlying ground, in particular reinforced concrete, from penetrating moisture, deicing salts and other substances.

[0154] The ground protection system according to the invention is preferably part of a parking lot or a drivable ramp.A parking lot refers to all types of open, semi-open or closed garages, parking houses, parking spaces or underground garages.

[0155] Another subject of the invention is a method for protecting floors, characterized in that an epoxy resin sealant containing at least one amine of the formula (I) is applied to a polyurethane coating as described above, which is optionally sprinkled with quartz sand, with a layer thickness in the range of 0.1 to 1 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.8 mm.

[0156] Preferably, 5 to 80%, preferably 10 to 50%, of all amine hydrogens present in the epoxy resin sealant come from amines of formula (I), and at least one further amine having at least four aliphatic amine hydrogens is present, preferably those mentioned above, in particular 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane.

[0157] The polyurethane coating to which the epoxy resin sealant is applied preferably has a layer thickness in the range of 2 to 6 mm and consists of one or more layers, wherein at least one of the layers has an elongation at break of at least 200%, in particular at least 300%, measured at 23° C. at a tensile speed of 200 mm / min in accordance with DIN EN 53504.

[0158] Particularly preferably, the polyurethane coating consists of two layers, wherein the lower layer has a thickness in the range of 1.2 to 3 mm and an elongation at break of at least 200%, and the upper layer has a thickness in the range of 1.2 to 3 mm and a tensile strength of at least 9 MPa.

[0159] Preferably, the polyurethane coating comprises quartz sand spread in and / or on the polyurethane coating. Example

[0160] Examples are described below which explain the invention in more detail. The invention is of course not limited to the examples described.

[0161] "AHEW" means amine hydrogen equivalent weight.

[0162] "EEW" means epoxide equivalent weight.

[0163] "Standard climate" ("NK") means a temperature of 23±1° C. and a relative air humidity of 50±5%.

[0164] If not stated otherwise, the chemicals used were from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH.

[0165] Substances and abbreviations used

[0166] GY 250: Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, EEW 187 g / mol (from Huntsman)

[0167] DY-E:C 12 To C 14 Monoglycidyl ether of alcohol, EEW about 290g / Eq (from Huntsman)

[0168] K54 2,4,6-Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (from Air Products)

[0169] B-EDA N-Benzyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, AHEW 50.1 g / Eq, was prepared as follows

[0170] DB-EDA N,N'-diphenylmethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, AHEW 120.2g / Eq

[0171] 1,3-BAC 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, AHEW 35.5 g / Eq (from Mitsubishi GasChemical)

[0172] IPDA 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, AHEW 42.6g / Eq ( IPD, from Evonik)

[0173] MXDA 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)benzene, AHEW 34 g / Eq (from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical)

[0174] D-230 polyoxypropylene diamine, average molecular weight 230g / mol, AHEW 60g / mol ( D-230, from Huntsman)

[0175] -151: Two-component epoxy primer (from Sika)

[0176] -376: Two-component polyurethane coating based on a TDI-based polymer containing isocyanate groups and 3,5-dimethylthio-2,4(6)-toluenediamine, with a tensile strength ≥5 MPa, an elongation at break ≥500%, and a Shore A hardness ≥60 (from Sika)

[0177] -377: Two-component polyurethane coating based on polymerized MDI, castor oil and castor oil-based polyols, with a tensile strength ≥11 MPa and an elongation at break ≥50% (from Sika)

[0178] -378: Two-component epoxy resin sealant with a curing agent component based on IPDA, MXDA and D-230 (from Sika)

[0179] N-Benzyl-1,2-ethylenediamine(B-EDA)

[0180] 180.3 g (3 mol) of 1,2-ethylenediamine were charged at room temperature, mixed with a solution of 106.0 g (1 mol) of benzaldehyde in 1200 ml of isopropanol and stirred for 2 hours, then hydrogenated at 80° C., 80 bar hydrogen pressure and 5 ml / min flow rate in a continuously operating hydrogenation apparatus with a Pd / C fixed bed catalyst, and the hydrogenated solution was concentrated on a rotary evaporator at 65° C. to remove unreacted 1,2-ethylenediamine, water and isopropanol. The resulting reaction mixture was purified by vacuum distillation at 80° C. A colorless liquid was obtained, the N-benzyl-1,2-ethylenediamine content of which was determined by GC to be >97%.

[0181] Preparation of epoxy resin sealant:

[0182] Embodiments 1 to 8:

[0183] For these examples, the resin component was prepared in such a way that the mixture was stirred by a centrifugal mixer (SpeedMixer TM DAC150, FlackTek Inc.) Mix the following ingredients and store in the absence of moisture:

[0184] 166.8 parts by weight GY 250,

[0185] 26.7 parts by weight DY-E,

[0186] 153.8 parts by weight of quartz powder,

[0187] 4.4 parts by weight of defoamer,

[0188] 61.3 parts by weight of kieselgrau pigment paste.

[0189] For each example, the ingredients of the curing agent component specified in Tables 1 and 2 were mixed in the specified amounts (parts by weight) by a centrifugal mixer and stored while excluding moisture.

[0190] The two components were then processed into a homogeneous liquid by a centrifugal mixer and immediately tested as follows:

[0191] After 5 minutes of mixing the resin component and the curing agent component, the viscosity was measured by a cone and plate viscometer at 10 s -1 The viscosity is measured at a shear rate of 1000 nm and a temperature of 20°C.

[0192] The gel time is determined by moving a freshly mixed amount of about 3 g with a spatula at regular intervals under standard conditions until the material gels.

[0193] The Shore D hardness was determined on two cylindrical specimens (20 mm diameter, 5 mm thickness), one stored in a standard climate and one stored at 8° C. and 80% relative humidity, in accordance with DIN 53505. The hardness was measured after 1, 2 and 7 days.

[0194] As a measure of the ductility of the sealant, each composition was applied in a layer thickness of 500 μm to a cured polyurethane film and cured for 14 days in standard climate. -376, which was mixed as specified and stored in a layer thickness of 2 mm under standard climate for 14 days. Three test specimens of 70x40x2.5 mm were cut out from the composite layer thus produced and subjected to a 3-point bending test with a support width of 48 mm in accordance with DIN EN ISO 178 with the sealant on the tensile side (bending outside) at a test speed of 10 mm / min to determine the maximum vertical bending or deflection of the specimen at maximum force.

[0195] The results are listed in Tables 1 and 2.

[0196] Examples denoted by "(Ref.)" are comparative examples.

[0197]

[0198] Table 1: Composition and properties of Examples 1 to 4.

[0199]

[0200] Table 2: Composition and properties of Examples 5 to 8.

[0201] "nd" means "undetermined" (too soft)

[0202] Preparation of ground protection system:

[0203] Embodiment 9:

[0204] Apply 0.5kg / m2 of water to three concrete prisms with dimensions (length x width x height) of 225x160x50mm. 2 -151 primer, and apply 0.8kg / m2 on the still damp primer. 2 0.3 to 0.8 mm quartz sand is loosely spread.

[0205] After curing for 24 hours, apply 1.9kg / m 2 Polyurethane coating -376 as a sealant and allowed to cure for 24 hours.

[0206] Then apply 1.7kg / m2 Polyurethane coating -377 as the wearing layer, in which 0.85kg / m 2 0.1 to 0.3 mm quartz sand was added, and then an excess of 0.3 to 0.8 mm quartz sand was spread on the still wet coating surface. After curing for 24 hours, the excess quartz sand was removed with a broom and vacuum cleaner. Finally, the epoxy resin sealant of Example 2 was rolled at 0.7 kg / m 2 An amount of is applied to the polyurethane coating scattered with quartz sand and allowed to cure.

[0207] The epoxy resin sealant has excellent processability, is almost odorless, has good leveling and good degassing. The resulting gray pigmented surface is uniform, hard, glossy, non-sticky and has no streaks or turbidity.

[0208] This configuration corresponds to the surface protection system OS 11 in accordance with DIN EN 1504-2.

[0209] After 14 days of storage in a standard climate and 7 days of storage in a circulating air oven at 70°C, the concrete prisms coated with the ground protection system were tested for dynamic crack bridging at -20°C according to EN 1062-7 method B. For this purpose, cracks were produced in the concrete prisms without damaging the ground protection system. The test was carried out according to method B 3.2 with a lower crack width of 0.1 mm, an upper crack width of 0.3 mm, a crack width variation of 0.2 mm, 1000 crack changes and a frequency of 0.03 Hz. After the test, three prisms were visually inspected for the presence of cracks in the polyurethane coating area and the epoxy resin sealant of the ground protection system. The results are listed in Table 3.

[0210] Embodiment 10:

[0211] Three additional concrete prisms were coated with the ground protection system as described in Example 9. The construction and dynamic crack bridging test results of the ground protection system are listed in Table 3.

[0212] This configuration corresponds to the surface protection system OS 10 in accordance with DIN EN 1504-2.

[0213] The test was performed according to method B 4.2 with a lower crack width of 0.2 mm, an upper crack width of 0.5 mm, a crack width change of 0.3 mm, 1000 crack changes and a frequency of 0.03 Hz.

[0214] Examples 11 (Ref.) and 12 (Ref.):

[0215] As a comparison, three concrete prisms as described in Examples 9 and 10 were coated with a floor protection system, wherein an epoxy resin sealant not according to the invention was used: -378 (two-component epoxy resin sealant with a curing agent based on IPDA, MXDA and D-230 from Sika) The construction and dynamic crack bridging test results of the ground protection system are listed in Table 3.

[0216]

[0217] Table 3: Configuration and results of Examples 9 to 12

Claims

1. Ground protection system, include: (i) optionally at least one epoxy resin primer, (ii) at least one polyurethane coating, (iii) optionally quartz sand, which is spread in and / or on the polyurethane coating, and (iv) epoxy resin sealants obtained from a resin component comprising at least one liquid epoxy resin and a curing agent component comprising at least one amine of the formula (I), in A represents divalent C 2 To C 15 Alkylene, cycloalkylene or aralkylene, optionally containing one or more nitrogen atoms or ether groups Z means H or ,and Y represents H or C 1 To C 11 an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group, The two nitrogen atoms to which the radical A is attached are separated from one another by at least two carbon atoms and the amine of the formula (I) contains at least 8 carbon atoms in total.

2. The ground protection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The polyurethane coating has a layer thickness in the range from 2 to 6 mm.

3. The ground protection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The polyurethane coating consists of one or more layers, and at least one of the layers has an elongation at break of at least 200%, measured according to DIN EN 53504 at 23° C. and a tensile speed of 200 mm / min.

4. The ground protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The polyurethane coating consists of two layers, wherein the lower layer has a thickness in the range of 1.2 to 3 mm and an elongation at break of at least 200%, and the upper layer has a thickness in the range of 1.2 to 3 mm and a tensile strength of at least 9 MPa and is optionally filled and / or spread with quartz sand, wherein the tensile strength and elongation at break are measured according to DIN EN 53504 at 23° C. at a tensile speed of 200 mm / min.

5. The ground protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising quartz sand spread on the polyurethane coating.

6. A ground protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that A is selected from 1,2-ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,3-butylene, 2-methyl-1,2-propylene, 1,3-pentylene, 1,5-pentylene, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene, 1,6-hexylene, 2-methyl-1,5-pentylene, 1,7-heptylene, 1,8-octylene, 2,5-dimethyl-1,6-hexylene, 1,9-nonylene, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexylene or 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,11-undecylene, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,5-pentylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 1,2-cyclohexylene hexyl, 1,3-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, (1,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-1-yl)methane-1,3, 4-methyl-1,3-cyclohexylene or 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexylene, 1,3-cyclohexylene-bis(methylene), 1,4-cyclohexylene-bis(methylene), 1,3-phenylene-bis(methylene), 1,4-phenylene-bis(methylene), 3-oxa-1,5-pentylidene, 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octylene, 4,7-dioxa-1,10-decylene, 3-aza-1,5-pentylidene, 3,6-diaza-1,8-octylene, 4,7-diaza-1,11-decylene and 3-aza-1,6-hexylene.

7. A ground protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that Y is selected from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, heptyl, hept-2-yl, phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 1-naphthyl, benzyl and cyclohexyl.

8. A ground protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that A represents 1,2-ethylene, and Y represents phenyl.

9. The ground protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that From 5% to 80% of all amine hydrogens present in the curing agent component are derived from amines of formula (I), and at least one additional amine having at least four aliphatic amine hydrogens is present.

10. The ground protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that From 10% to 50% of all amine hydrogens present in the curing agent component are derived from amines of formula (I), and at least one additional amine having at least four aliphatic amine hydrogens is present.

11. The ground protection system according to claim 9, It is characterized in that 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane is present as a further amine having at least four aliphatic amine hydrogens.

12. The ground protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The epoxy resin sealant has a layer thickness in the range of 0.1 to 1 mm.

13. A ground protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The epoxy resin sealant has a layer thickness in the range of 0.2 to 0.8 mm.

14. A ground protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that It passed the dynamic crack bridging test according to EN 1062-7 method B 3.2 at -20°C with no cracks in the epoxy sealant.

15. Methods used to protect the ground, It is characterized in that An epoxy resin sealant comprising at least one amine of the formula (I) is applied in a layer thickness in the range from 0.1 to 1 mm to the polyurethane coating, which is optionally sprinkled with quartz sand, in A represents divalent C 2 To C 15 an alkylene, cycloalkylene or aralkylene group, which optionally contains one or more nitrogen atoms or an ether group, Z means H or ,and Y represents H or C 1 To C 11 an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group, The two nitrogen atoms to which the radical A is attached are separated from one another by at least two carbon atoms and the amine of the formula (I) contains at least 8 carbon atoms in total.

16. The method according to claim 15, It is characterized in that From 5% to 80% of all amine hydrogens present in the epoxy resin sealant are derived from amines of formula (I), and at least one further amine having at least four aliphatic amine hydrogens is present.

17. The method according to claim 15, It is characterized in that From 10% to 50% of all amine hydrogens present in the epoxy resin sealant are derived from amines of formula (I), and at least one further amine having at least four aliphatic amine hydrogens is present.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, It is characterized in that The polyurethane coating has a layer thickness in the range from 2 to 6 mm and consists of one or more layers, wherein at least one of the layers has an elongation at break measured in accordance with DIN EN 53504 at 23° C. at a tensile speed of 200 mm / min of at least 200%.

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