Unit braking device testing mechanism and testing method for railway vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a unit brake device test mechanism and test method of a railway vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of railway vehicle braking. The test mechanism comprises a base, a first mounting seat, a second mounting seat, a spring box and a test unit brake device. The base is provided with a mounting surface, and the first mounting seat and the second mounting seat are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the T-shaped sliding groove. The spring box comprises a cylindrical box body, a push rod and a spring, the push rod is arranged in the first mounting seat and the cylindrical box body, a flange is arranged on the push rod, and the spring is arranged in the cylindrical box body and is sleeved on the protruding end of the push rod and provided with an adjusting nut. The test unit brake device comprises a brake adjuster and a brake cylinder, the brake adjuster is coaxially connected with the piston rod of the brake cylinder, the brake cylinder is connected with the second mounting seat, the screw rod of the brake adjuster is arranged towards the first mounting seat and is coaxial with the push rod, and a connecting push plate is arranged at the end of the screw rod. The test mechanism has the advantages of simple structure, strong adaptability and high test efficiency of brake cycle test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway vehicle braking technology, and in particular to a test mechanism and test method for a unit braking device of railway vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] The railway freight cars designed and manufactured by my country's leading railway freight car design units involve standard systems such as TB, AAR, UIC, and ROA. The performance parameters, fatigue stability, and operational reliability of new braking components and braking units need to be verified through relevant preliminary cycle tests during the research and development process.

[0003] In the product development process, due to changes in standards, vehicle clearance, and operating regions, the operating parameters of railway vehicle braking devices need to be designed and calculated. To address the difficulty of arranging the braking system in freight cars with limited undercarriage space, some models utilize the DAB-type unit braking system. This system integrates a force-boosting brake cylinder and a compression brake adjuster, replacing the tie rod of the original bogie's basic braking device. Currently, the common practice among railway freight car design units is to install the DAB-type unit braking system on a completed test vehicle for real-vehicle testing.

[0004] Using existing testing methods, in order to meet the testing requirements of DAB-type unit braking devices under various operating conditions, it is often necessary to find a matching test vehicle for actual vehicle testing. Because the installation and testing procedures of DAB-type unit braking devices with actual vehicles are relatively complicated, and the lengths of the matching brake adjusters vary for different specifications, it is also necessary to wait for the test vehicle to be completed before testing can be carried out. This results in harsh testing conditions and operational requirements, leading to low testing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a test mechanism for a unit braking device of railway vehicles, which has a simple structure, strong adaptability, and can significantly improve test efficiency. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a test mechanism for a unit braking device of a railway vehicle, comprising: a base, a first mounting base, a second mounting base, a spring box, and a test piece unit braking device;

[0007] The base has a mounting surface, and a T-shaped groove is provided on the mounting surface. The first mounting seat and the second mounting seat are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the T-shaped groove and are fixedly connected to the T-shaped groove by T-bolts.

[0008] The spring box includes a cylindrical box body, a push rod, and a spring. The cylindrical box body is parallel to the mounting surface and one end is connected to the first mounting base. The other end of the cylindrical box body is closed. The push rod passes through the first mounting base and the cylindrical box body and has a flange. The spring is located in the cylindrical box body and is sleeved on the push rod. One end of the spring is connected to the first mounting base, and the other end of the spring is connected to the flange. An adjusting nut is installed on the end of the push rod located between the first mounting base and the second mounting base.

[0009] The braking device of the test piece unit includes a brake adjuster and a brake cylinder. The brake adjuster is coaxially connected to the piston rod of the brake cylinder. The brake cylinder is connected to the second mounting base. The screw of the brake adjuster is arranged towards the first mounting base and is coaxial with the push rod. A connecting push plate is installed at the end of the screw.

[0010] Optionally, the adjusting nut includes a hexagonal thick nut and a hexagonal slotted thin nut screwed onto the push rod, with the hexagonal thick nut located between the hexagonal slotted thin nut and the cylindrical box.

[0011] Optionally, the first mounting base is provided with a guide shaft, the guide shaft is parallel to the mounting surface, and the connecting push plate is slidably mounted on the guide shaft.

[0012] Optionally, two guide shafts are provided, and the two guide shafts are arranged symmetrically with respect to the spring box.

[0013] Optionally, the unit braking test mechanism of the railway vehicle further includes a guide shaft bracket, which is located between the first mounting base and the second mounting base and is fixedly connected to the base. The end of the guide shaft away from the first mounting base is connected to the guide shaft bracket.

[0014] Optionally, the unit braking test mechanism of the railway vehicle further includes an adjusting pad, which is detachably mounted on the side of the connecting push plate facing the first mounting seat.

[0015] Optionally, the screw and the connecting push plate, and the brake cylinder and the second mounting base are both hinged by pins perpendicular to the mounting surface.

[0016] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a testing method based on the unit braking device testing mechanism for railway vehicles described in the first aspect above, the testing method comprising:

[0017] Adjust the distance between the first mounting base and the second mounting base on the mounting surface, and fix the first mounting base and the second mounting base to the base;

[0018] The test piece unit braking device is installed between the first mounting base and the second mounting base, so that the brake cylinder is connected to the second mounting base, and the connecting push plate is directly opposite the end of the push rod located between the first mounting base and the second mounting base;

[0019] The screw of the brake adjuster is extended by the brake cylinder to abut against and push the push rod. When the adjusting nut abuts against the end of the cylindrical box, the compression reaction force of the spring is obtained.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0021] The railway vehicle unit braking device test mechanism provided in this invention can be installed in a test chamber via a base. A second mounting bracket is used to assemble a test unit braking device of the same model as the DAB-type unit braking device. The first mounting bracket and corresponding spring box correspond to the test unit braking device to simulate the actual assembly of the DAB-type unit braking device on a real vehicle. Then, the screw of the brake adjuster driven by the brake cylinder extends to abut and push the push rod. The abutment, compression, and extension between the connecting push plate and the push rod simulate the "braking-releasing" condition of the DAB-type unit braking device, obtaining relevant data to support the design scheme. The structure is simple, assembly is convenient, and it can be adaptively adjusted according to the size and specifications of the DAB-type unit braking device under test. It has strong adaptability and does not require actual vehicle assembly, significantly improving test efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of the test mechanism for the unit braking device of a railway vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the test mechanism for the unit braking device of a railway vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a partial front view of the test mechanism for the unit braking device of a railway vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of the spring box provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the test method provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In the product development process, due to changes in standards, vehicle clearance, and operating regions, the operating parameters of railway vehicle braking devices need to be designed and calculated. To address the difficulty of arranging the braking system in freight cars with limited undercarriage space, some models utilize the DAB-type unit braking system. This system integrates a force-boosting brake cylinder and a compression brake adjuster, replacing the tie rod of the original bogie's basic braking device. Currently, the common practice among railway freight car design units is to install the DAB-type unit braking system on a completed test vehicle for real-vehicle testing.

[0030] Using existing testing methods, in order to meet the testing requirements of DAB-type unit braking devices under various operating conditions, it is often necessary to find a matching test vehicle for actual vehicle testing. Because the installation and testing procedures of DAB-type unit braking devices with actual vehicles are relatively complicated, and the lengths of the matching brake adjusters vary for different specifications, it is also necessary to wait for the test vehicle to be completed before testing can be carried out. This results in harsh testing conditions and operational requirements, leading to low testing efficiency.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a top view of the test mechanism for the unit braking device of a railway vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the test mechanism for the unit braking device of railway vehicles provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a partial front view of the test mechanism for the unit braking device of railway vehicles provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of the spring box provided in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figures 1 to 4 As shown, through practice, this embodiment of the invention provides a test mechanism for a unit braking device of a railway vehicle, including a base 1, a first mounting seat 2, a second mounting seat 3, a spring box 4, and a test piece unit braking device 5.

[0032] The base 1 has a mounting surface 1a, and a T-shaped groove 11 is provided on the mounting surface 1a. The first mounting seat 2 and the second mounting seat 3 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the T-shaped groove 11 and are fixedly connected to the T-shaped groove 11 by T-bolts.

[0033] The spring box 4 includes a cylindrical box body 41, a push rod 42, and a spring 43. The cylindrical box body 41 is parallel to the mounting surface 1a and one end is connected to the first mounting base 2, while the other end of the cylindrical box body 41 is closed. The push rod 42 passes through the first mounting base 2 and the cylindrical box body 41, and a flange 421 is provided on the push rod 42. The spring 43 is located in the cylindrical box body 41 and is sleeved on the push rod 42. One end of the spring 43 is connected to the first mounting base 2, and the other end of the spring 43 is connected to the flange 421. An adjusting nut 44 is installed on the end of the push rod 42 located between the first mounting base 2 and the second mounting base 3.

[0034] The test piece unit braking device 5 includes a brake adjuster 51 and a brake cylinder 52. The brake adjuster 51 is coaxially connected to the piston rod of the brake cylinder 52. The brake cylinder 52 is connected to the second mounting base 3. The screw 511 of the brake adjuster 51 is arranged towards the first mounting base 2 and is coaxial with the push rod 42. A connecting push plate 53 is installed at the end of the screw 511.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, the test mechanism for the unit braking device of the railway vehicle is set in the laboratory via a base 1. When an operational test of the DAB-type unit braking device is required, a test unit braking device 5 of the same model as the DAB-type unit braking device to be tested can be selected for testing. Before installing the test unit braking device 5, the positions of the first mounting seat 2 and the second mounting seat 3 can be moved along the extension direction of the T-shaped slide 11 to adjust the distance between them to match the size of the test unit braking device 5. Then, T-bolts are inserted from the bottom of the T-shaped slide 11 and pass through the mounting holes on the first mounting seat 2 and the second mounting seat 3 to achieve a fixed connection with the base 1. Afterwards, the brake cylinder 52 is fixedly connected to the second mounting seat 3, so that the connecting push plate 53 at the end of the screw 511 installed on the brake adjuster 51 faces the end of the push rod 42 located between the first mounting seat 2 and the second mounting seat 3. Then, an external air source can be connected to the brake cylinder 52 to supply air to the brake cylinder 52, driving the screw 511 of the brake adjuster 51 to extend and abut against the end of the push rod 42 through the connecting push plate 53. After the push rod 42 is pushed by the connecting push plate 53, the spring 43 located inside the cylindrical box 41 will be compressed by the flange 421 that moves with the push rod 42 until the adjusting nut 44 abuts against the end of the cylindrical box 41, simulating the braking condition of the brake shoe abutting against the wheel in the braking system. The "braking-releasing" test of the unit braking device is realized by driving the brake cylinder 52.

[0036] The test mechanism for the unit braking device of railway vehicles provided in this embodiment of the invention can be installed in the test chamber via a base 1. A test unit braking device 5 of the same model as the DAB-type unit braking device is assembled using a second mounting seat 3. The first mounting seat 2 and the corresponding spring box 4 correspond to the test unit braking device 5 to simulate the actual assembly of the DAB-type unit braking device on a real vehicle. Then, the screw 511 of the brake adjuster 51 is extended by the brake cylinder 52 to abut against and push the push rod 42. The abutment, compression, and extension between the connecting push plate 53 and the push rod 42 simulate the "braking-releasing" condition of the DAB-type unit braking device, obtaining relevant data to support the design scheme. The structure is simple, assembly is convenient, and it can be adaptively adjusted and assembled according to the size and specifications of the DAB-type unit braking device under test. It has strong adaptability and does not require actual vehicle assembly, which can significantly improve test efficiency.

[0037] Optionally, the adjusting nut 44 includes a hexagonal thick nut 441 and a hexagonal slotted thin nut 442 screwed onto the push rod 42, with the hexagonal thick nut 441 located between the hexagonal slotted thin nut 442 and the cylindrical box 41. Exemplarily, in this embodiment of the invention, by adjusting the relative position of the hexagonal thick nut 441 on the push rod 42 and locking it in conjunction with the hexagonal slotted thin nut 442, the distance between the hexagonal thick nut 441 and the end of the cylindrical box 41 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the simulated distance between the vehicle brake shoe and the wheel. This adapts to different real-vehicle operating conditions for collecting test data on the braking device 5 of the test unit, further improving the adaptability of the test mechanism.

[0038] Optionally, a guide shaft 21 is provided on the first mounting base 2, the guide shaft 21 being parallel to the mounting surface 1a, and the connecting push plate 53 is slidably mounted on the guide shaft 21. Exemplarily, in this embodiment of the invention, two guide shafts 21 are provided, symmetrically arranged relative to the spring box 4. By providing parallel guide shafts 21 on both sides of the spring box 4, during the movement of the connecting push plate 53 toward the push rod 42, the two guide shafts 21 can provide additional support and limiting guidance for the connecting push plate 53, ensuring that the connecting push plate 53 and the push rod 42 maintain stable horizontal movement during the braking cycle test, preventing the test piece from deflecting in the direction of movement, and improving the test accuracy of the testing mechanism.

[0039] Optionally, the unit braking test mechanism for railway vehicles further includes a guide shaft bracket 6. The guide shaft bracket 6 is located between the first mounting base 2 and the second mounting base 3 and is fixedly connected to the base 1. The end of the guide shaft 21 away from the first mounting base 2 is connected to the guide shaft bracket 6. Exemplarily, in this embodiment of the invention, by providing a guide shaft bracket 6 for supporting the connection at the other end of the guide shaft 21, the connection stability of the guide shaft bracket 6 is improved, and shaking is avoided. It can also provide auxiliary support for the brake adjuster 51 end of the unit braking device 5 of the test piece, further improving the overall structural stability of the test mechanism during cyclic braking tests.

[0040] Optionally, the unit braking test mechanism for railway vehicles further includes an adjusting shim 7, which is detachably mounted on the side of the connecting push plate 53 facing the first mounting seat 2. Exemplarily, in this embodiment of the invention, by additionally installing adjusting shims 7 of different thicknesses or multiple shims 7 on the surface of the connecting push plate 53, the distance between the connecting push plate 53 and the push rod 42 when not in contact can be adjusted. This distance corresponds to different screw extension lengths and wheel bearing wear states of the built-in brake adjuster in the DAB-type unit braking device. This allows for the simulation of the "braking-releasing" cycle test of the DAB-type unit braking device under different wheel bearing wear conditions during vehicle operation, further improving the adaptability of the test mechanism.

[0041] Optionally, the screw 511 and the connecting push plate 53, and the brake cylinder 52 and the second mounting base 3 are all hinged by pins perpendicular to the mounting surface 1a. Exemplarily, in this embodiment of the invention, during the "brake-relief" cycle test of the test piece unit braking device 5, the screw 511 and the connecting push plate 53, and the brake cylinder 52 and the second mounting base 3, can alleviate the unavoidable vibration stress at the connection points through relative rotation at the hinges. This prevents stress concentration at the connection points from causing fracture damage after prolonged testing, thus improving the overall service life of the test mechanism.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a testing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. An embodiment of the present invention also provides a testing method based on, for example... Figures 1 to 4 The test mechanism for the unit braking device of the railway vehicle shown is implemented, and the test method includes:

[0043] S1, adjust the distance between the first mounting base 2 and the second mounting base 3 on the mounting surface 1a, and fix the first mounting base 2 and the second mounting base 3 to the base 1.

[0044] S2, install the test piece unit braking device 5 between the first mounting base 2 and the second mounting base 3, so that the brake cylinder 52 is connected to the second mounting base 3, and the connecting push plate 53 is directly opposite the end of the push rod 42 located between the first mounting base 2 and the second mounting base 3.

[0045] S3, the screw 511 of the brake adjuster 51 driven by the brake cylinder 52 extends to abut against and push the push rod 42. When the adjusting nut 44 abuts against the end of the cylindrical box 41, the compression reaction force of the spring 43 is obtained.

[0046] Specifically, the compression reaction force is the minimum starting force of the brake regulator 51 under the current operating conditions.

[0047] Using the test method and test mechanism provided in this embodiment of the invention, the base 1 can be placed in the test chamber, and the test piece unit brake device 5 of the same model as the DAB type unit brake device can be assembled using the second mounting seat 3. The first mounting seat 2 and the corresponding spring box 4 correspond to the test piece unit brake device 5 to simulate the actual vehicle assembly of the DAB type unit brake device. Then, the brake cylinder 52 can be used to drive the screw 511 of the brake adjuster 51 to extend to abut and push the push rod 42. Through the abutment, compression and extension between the connecting push plate 53 and the push rod 42, the "braking-releasing" working condition of the DAB type unit brake device can be simulated to obtain relevant data to support the design scheme. The structure is simple, the assembly is convenient, and it can be adaptively adjusted and assembled according to the size and specifications of the DAB type unit brake device under test. It has strong adaptability and does not require actual vehicle assembly, which can greatly improve the test efficiency.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this patent application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an” or “a” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “comprising” or “including” and similar terms mean that the elements or objects preceding “comprising” or “including” encompass the elements or objects listed following “comprising” or “including” and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms “connected” or “linked” and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0049] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test mechanism for a unit braking device of a railway vehicle, characterized in that, include: Base (1), first mounting seat (2), second mounting seat (3), spring box (4), test piece unit braking device (5), and guide shaft bracket (6); The base (1) has a mounting surface (1a), and a T-shaped groove (11) is provided on the mounting surface (1a). The first mounting seat (2) and the second mounting seat (3) are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the T-shaped groove (11) and are fixedly connected to the T-shaped groove (11) by T-bolts. The spring box (4) includes a cylindrical box body (41), a push rod (42), and a spring (43). The cylindrical box body (41) is parallel to the mounting surface (1a) and one end is connected to the first mounting base (2). The other end of the cylindrical box body (41) is closed. The push rod (42) passes through the first mounting base (2) and the cylindrical box body (41). A flange (421) is provided on the push rod (42). The spring (43) is located in the cylindrical box body (41) and is sleeved on the push rod (42). One end of the spring (43) is connected to the first mounting base (2), and the other end of the spring (43) is connected to the flange (421). An adjusting nut (44) is installed at the end of the push rod (42) located between the first mounting base (2) and the second mounting base (3). The adjusting nut (44) includes a hexagonal thick nut (441) and a hexagonal slotted thin nut (442) screwed onto the push rod (42). The hexagonal thick nut (441) is located between the hexagonal slotted thin nut (442) and the cylindrical box (41). By adjusting the relative position of the hexagonal thick nut (441) on the push rod (42) and locking it with the hexagonal slotted thin nut (442), the distance between the hexagonal thick nut (441) and the end of the cylindrical box (41) is adjusted. The test piece unit braking device (5) includes a brake adjuster (51) and a brake cylinder (52). The brake adjuster (51) is coaxially connected to the piston rod of the brake cylinder (52). The brake cylinder (52) is connected to the second mounting seat (3). The screw (511) of the brake adjuster (51) is arranged towards the first mounting seat (2) and is coaxial with the push rod (42). A connecting push plate (53) is installed at the end of the screw (511). The first mounting base (2) is provided with a guide shaft (21), and there are two guide shafts (21). The two guide shafts (21) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the spring box (4). The guide shafts (21) are parallel to the mounting surface (1a). The connecting push plate (53) is slidably inserted on the guide shaft (21). The unit braking test mechanism of the railway vehicle also includes an adjustment pad (7), which is detachably installed on the plate surface of the connecting push plate (53) facing the first mounting seat (2). The distance between the connecting push plate (53) and the push rod (42) can be adjusted by installing adjustment pads (7) of different thicknesses or multiples. The screw (511) and the connecting push plate (53), and the brake cylinder (52) and the second mounting base (3) are all hinged by pins perpendicular to the mounting surface (1a); The guide shaft bracket (6) is located between the first mounting base (2) and the second mounting base (3) and is fixedly connected to the base (1). The end of the guide shaft (21) away from the first mounting base (2) is connected to the guide shaft bracket (6).

2. A test method, based on the test mechanism for the unit braking device of railway vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Adjust the distance between the first mounting base (2) and the second mounting base (3) on the mounting surface (1a), and fix the first mounting base (2) and the second mounting base (3) to the base (1); The test piece unit braking device (5) is installed between the first mounting base (2) and the second mounting base (3), so that the brake cylinder (52) is connected to the second mounting base (3), and the connecting push plate (53) is directly opposite the end of the push rod (42) located between the first mounting base (2) and the second mounting base (3); The screw (511) of the brake adjuster (51) is extended by the brake cylinder (52) to abut against and push the push rod (42). When the adjusting nut (44) abuts against the end of the cylindrical box (41), the compression reaction force of the spring (43) is obtained.

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