A long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal

Abstract

The present invention discloses a long-term stable solar evaporator with an automatic salt removal function, comprising a basswood evaporator. The outer wall of the basswood evaporator is provided with water to be treated. During preparation, lignin is first removed from the wood, 10 mmol of copper acetate and 10 mmol of dimethyltin dichloride are dissolved in 100 ml of DMF solvent, the basswood is placed in the above uniform solution, and Cu²⁺ and Sn²⁺ ions are fully replaced with Na⁺ in the wood. 10 mmol of PTA is added to the above solution for soaking the wood, 10 mL of acetic acid is added, and the mixture is fully stirred and transferred to a 200 mL stainless steel reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene substrate. The reaction is carried out at 120°C for 24 hours, the wood block is rinsed three times with DMF and then soaked in ethanol for 30 minutes, sulfur powder is placed upstream, the temperature is raised to 600°C in an N₂ atmosphere and maintained for 8 hours, 2 mm is polished off at both ends of the carbonized material to obtain the basswood evaporator, and the mixture is finally collected in a collection container. In this way, a long-term stable solar evaporator with an automatic salt removal function is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to energy conversion and material science, and in particular to a long-term stable solar evaporator with an automatic salt removal function. Background Art

[0002] Faced with the severe global water shortage situation, researchers are working hard to develop sustainable desalination technologies. Interfacial solar evaporation is a technology that uses an evaporator to accelerate the evaporation of water at the interface to obtain fresh water. Compared with traditional desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis, multi-effect evaporation, and multi-stage flash evaporation, interfacial solar evaporation technology has the advantages of being pollution-free, requiring no conventional energy consumption, and producing high-purity fresh water. Therefore, we need a long-term, stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function.

[0003] However, the long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function currently used has a low evaporation rate within a wide salinity range (0% to saturation). The evaporation rate will obviously decay over time, and the salt accumulation during the evaporation process will significantly reduce the evaporation rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A long-term stable solar evaporator with an automatic salt removal function comprises a basswood evaporator, water to be treated is floated on the outer wall of the lower end of the basswood evaporator, a water container is provided on the outer wall of the water to be treated, a water inlet pipe is installed on one side of the water container, a first rubber gasket is attached to the outer wall of the water container, a support frame is attached to the outer wall of the first rubber gasket, a condensed water storage container is installed on the outer wall of the support frame, a rubber ring is installed on one side of the condensed water storage container, a condensed water outlet pipe is installed on the outer wall of the rubber ring, a collection container is installed on one end of the condensed water outlet pipe, a sealing ring is attached to the outer wall of the condensed water storage container, a second rubber gasket is installed on the upper end of each of the condensed water storage containers, a steam condensation cover is installed on the upper end of the second rubber gasket, and pull rings are provided on both sides of the steam condensation cover;

[0007] A long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Select natural basswood with a diameter of 3 cm and a length of 4.5 cm as the raw material. First, rinse the wood with clean water and place it in a 1.5 mol·L -1NaOH and 0.3 mol·L -1 Soak in an alkaline solution of Na2SO3 for 5 hours to remove lignin, then wash with deionized water repeatedly with stirring until the pH reaches 9, and finally transfer to a 60°C oven and vacuum dry for 48 hours;

[0009] S2. Dissolve 10 mmol of copper acetate and 10 mmol of dimethyltin dichloride in 100 ml of DMF solvent to form a uniform solution. Then place the pretreated basswood in the above uniform solution and keep stirring for 24 hours to allow Cu2+ and Sn2+ to fully replace Na+ in the wood. Then add 10 mmol of PTA and finally add 10 mL of acetic acid. After sufficient stirring, transfer to a 200 mL stainless steel reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene substrate and react at 120°C for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, rinse the wood block with DMF three times and then soak it in ethanol for 30 minutes to remove free materials. Finally, dry it at 100°C for 48 hours to obtain a wood / CuSnO precursor.

[0010] S3: Place the wood / CuSnO precursor in the downstream of the water container of the tube furnace and 0.4g of sublimed sulfur in the upstream, and then heat the furnace at 2℃min -1 The C / CuSnS was heated to a designated temperature of 600°C at a heating rate and maintained for 8 h under N2 atmosphere to obtain C / CuSnS. Finally, both ends of the C / CuSnS were polished off by 2 mm using sandpaper to obtain a basswood evaporator.

[0011] S4. The basswood evaporator is then floated horizontally on the water surface, which ensures water transportation and maintains a high center of gravity, which is conducive to the rotation of the basswood evaporator under the effect of the center of gravity shift caused by the accumulated salt;

[0012] S5. Finally, the condensate outlet pipe is connected to the condensate storage container. The steam condensation cover cools the delivered steam to form condensate, which is collected in the collection container.

[0013] Preferably, the water container is snap-connected to the water inlet pipe, and the inner wall of the water container is of open-hole design.

[0014] Preferably, the outer wall of the first rubber gasket is tightly fitted with the outer wall of the support frame, and the outer wall diameter of the first rubber gasket is smaller than the outer wall diameter of the support frame.

[0015] Preferably, the support frame is snap-connected to the condensed water storage container, and the inner wall of the condensed water storage container is of open-hole design.

[0016] Preferably, the outer wall of the condensed water storage container is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the rubber ring, and the outer wall diameter of one end of the condensed water storage container is smaller than the inner wall diameter of the rubber ring.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The C / CuSnS evaporator, due to the presence of biochar and Cu8S5 nanoflowers, exhibits a full-spectrum absorbance of 98.7%, resulting in high solar energy utilization. The evaporation surface temperature of the basswood evaporator remains consistently below the ambient temperature, allowing it to extract additional energy from the environment through thermal radiation and convection to promote evaporation. Under 1 kW m⁻² simulated solar irradiation, its evaporation capacity for 1 mol L⁻¹ HCl and NaOH solutions is virtually unchanged compared to that for deionized water, demonstrating excellent chemical stability. The evaporator was exposed to a single 8-hour solar exposure per day in water with a 20 wt% salinity. After 30 days, the basswood evaporator achieved an average 8-hour evaporation rate of 2.86 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, a decrease of only approximately 8%. This durable basswood evaporator can be used for seawater desalination and wastewater purification, boasting a high evaporation rate and is reusable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic front view of a cross-sectional structure of a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first rubber gasket and support frame components of a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the XRD spectrum of Cu8S5-SnS material on biochar of a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the solar spectrum and absorption spectrum of a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the change in the quality of deionized water over time under dark conditions and single-day illumination conditions in a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an evaporation rate variation curve of a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8A schematic diagram of salt accumulation on the evaporation surface of a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the salinity change of brine before and after desalination of a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the change in evaporation rate of acidic and alkaline solutions over 8 hours for a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the long-term stability test results of a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Basswood evaporator; 2. Water to be treated; 3. Water container; 4. Water inlet pipe; 5. First rubber gasket; 6. Support frame; 7. Condensate storage container; 8. Rubber ring; 9. Condensate outlet pipe; 10. Collection container; 11. Sealing ring; 12. Second rubber gasket; 13. Steam condensation cover; 14. Pull ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] See also Figure 1-11 , the present invention provides a long-term stable solar evaporator technology solution with automatic salt removal function:

[0033] A long-term stable solar evaporator with an automatic salt removal function includes a basswood evaporator 1, water to be treated 2 floats on the outer wall of the lower end of the basswood evaporator 1, a water container 3 is provided on the outer wall of the water to be treated 2, a water inlet pipe 4 is installed on one side of the water container 3, a first rubber gasket 5 is attached to the outer wall of the water container 3, a support frame 6 is attached to the outer wall of the first rubber gasket 5, a condensed water storage container 7 is installed on the outer wall of the support frame 6, a rubber ring 8 is installed on one side of the condensed water storage container 7, a condensed water outlet pipe 9 is installed on the outer wall of the rubber ring 8, a collection container 10 is installed on one end of the condensed water outlet pipe 9, a sealing ring 11 is attached to the outer wall of the condensed water storage container 7, a second rubber gasket 12 is installed on the upper end of each condensed water storage container 7, a steam condensation cover 13 is installed on the upper end of the second rubber gasket 12, and pull rings 14 are provided on both sides of the steam condensation cover 13;

[0034] A long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal comprises the following steps:

[0035] S1. Select natural basswood with a diameter of 3 cm and a length of 4.5 cm as the raw material. First, rinse the wood with clean water and place it in a 1.5 mol·L -1 NaOH and 0.3 mol·L -1 Soak in an alkaline solution of Na2SO3 for 5 hours to remove lignin, then wash with deionized water repeatedly with stirring until the pH reaches 9, and finally transfer to a 60°C oven and vacuum dry for 48 hours;

[0036] S2. Dissolve 10 mmol of copper acetate and 10 mmol of dimethyltin dichloride in 100 ml of DMF solvent to form a uniform solution. Then place the pretreated basswood in the above uniform solution and keep stirring for 24 hours to allow Cu2+ and Sn2+ to fully replace Na+ in the wood. Then add 10 mmol of PTA and finally add 10 mL of acetic acid. After sufficient stirring, transfer to a 200 mL stainless steel reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene substrate and react at 120°C for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature, rinse the wood block with DMF three times and then soak it in ethanol for 30 minutes to remove free materials. Finally, dry it at 100°C for 48 hours to obtain a wood / CuSnO precursor.

[0037] S3, place the wood / CuSnO precursor in the downstream of the water container 3 of the tube furnace, place 0.4g of sublimed sulfur in the upstream, and then heat the furnace at 2℃min -1 The temperature was heated to 600 °C at a heating rate and maintained for 8 h under N2 atmosphere to obtain C / CuSnS. Finally, both ends of the C / CuSnS were polished off by 2 mm using sandpaper to obtain basswood evaporator 1.

[0038] S4. Floating the basswood evaporator 1 horizontally on the water surface ensures water delivery while maintaining a high center of gravity, which is beneficial for the basswood evaporator 1 to rotate under the effect of the center of gravity shift caused by the accumulated salt;

[0039] S5. Finally, the condensed water outlet pipe 9 is connected to the condensed water storage container 7. The steam condensation cover 13 cools the delivered steam to form condensed water, which is collected in the collection container 10.

[0040] The water container 3 is snap-connected to the water inlet pipe 4 , and the inner wall of the water container 3 is of open-hole design.

[0041] The outer wall of the first rubber gasket 5 is tightly fitted with the outer wall of the support frame 6 , and the outer wall diameter of the first rubber gasket 5 is smaller than the outer wall diameter of the support frame 6 .

[0042] The support frame 6 is engaged with the condensed water storage container 7 , and the inner wall of the condensed water storage container 7 is of an open-hole design.

[0043] The outer wall of the condensed water storage container 7 is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the rubber ring 8 , and the outer wall diameter of one end of the condensed water storage container 7 is smaller than the inner wall diameter of the rubber ring 8 .

[0044] It should be noted that the present invention is a long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function. During preparation, the wood is first rinsed with clean water, and then the lignin is removed from the wood. After soaking, the wood is repeatedly stirred and washed with deionized water. 10mmol of copper acetate and 10mmol of dimethyltin dichloride are dissolved in 100ml of DMF solvent. Then, the pretreated basswood is placed in the above uniform solution and kept in a stirring state for 24h to allow Cu2+ and Sn2+ ions to fully replace the residual Na+ in the wood. 10mmol of PTA was added to the above solution for soaking wood, and 10 mL of acetic acid was added. After sufficient stirring, the mixture was transferred to a 200 mL stainless steel reactor lined with polytetrafluoroethylene and reacted at 120 °C for 24 h. After cooling to room temperature, the wood block was rinsed three times with DMF and then soaked in ethanol for 30 min to remove free materials. The wood block was dried at 100 °C for 48 h to obtain a wood / CuSnO precursor. The free materials were removed from the treated basswood. The wood / CuSnO precursor was placed downstream of the water container 3 in the tubular furnace, and sulfur powder was placed upstream. The mixture was heated in a N2 atmosphere. To 600 ℃ and maintain for 8 hours, and grind off 2mm at both ends to obtain basswood evaporator 1. Then, when basswood evaporator 1 is horizontally floated on the water surface, water transportation is guaranteed while maintaining a high center of gravity, which is conducive to the rotation of basswood evaporator 1 under the effect of the center of gravity shift caused by accumulated salt. Finally, the evaporator is placed on the water surface, and the condensate outlet pipe 9 is connected to the condensate storage container 7. The steam condensation cover 13 cools the transported steam to form condensed water, which is collected in the collection container 10. In this way, a long-term and stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function is completed.

[0045] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function, characterized by: The invention comprises a basswood evaporator (1), wherein water to be treated (2) floats on the outer wall of the lower end of the basswood evaporator (1), a water container (3) is provided on the outer wall of the water to be treated (2), a water inlet pipe (4) is installed on one side of the water container (3), a first rubber gasket (5) is attached to the outer wall of the water container (3), a support frame (6) is attached to the outer wall of the first rubber gasket (5), a condensed water storage container (7) is installed on the outer wall of the support frame (6), and one side of the condensed water storage container (7) is provided. A rubber ring (8) is installed on the side, a condensate outlet pipe (9) is installed on the outer wall of the rubber ring (8), a collecting container (10) is installed on one end of the condensate outlet pipe (9), a sealing ring (11) is attached to the outer wall of the condensate storage container (7), a second rubber gasket (12) is installed on the upper end of the condensate storage container (7), a steam condensation cover (13) is installed on the upper end of the second rubber gasket (12), and pull rings (14) are provided on both sides of the steam condensation cover (13); The preparation method of the basswood evaporator comprises the following steps: S1. Select natural basswood with a diameter of 3 cm and a length of 4.5 cm as the raw material. First, rinse the wood with clean water and soak it in an alkaline solution containing 1.5 mol・L⁻¹NaOH and 0.3 mol・L⁻¹Na2SO3 at 80℃ for 5 hours to remove lignin. After soaking, repeatedly stir and wash with deionized water until the pH reaches 9. Finally, transfer it to a 60℃ oven and vacuum dry it for 48 hours. S2. Dissolve 10 mmol of copper acetate and 10 mmol of dimethyltin dichloride in 100 ml of DMF solvent to form a uniform solution. Then place the pretreated basswood in the above uniform solution and keep stirring for 24 h to allow the copper to 2+ and Sn 2+ Fully replace Na in wood + , then add 10mmol PTA, and finally add 10mL acetic acid, stir thoroughly and transfer to a 200mL stainless steel reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene substrate, react at 120℃ for 24h, cool to room temperature, rinse the wood block with DMF three times and soak it in ethanol for 30min to remove free materials, and finally dry it at 100℃ for 48h to obtain the wood / CuSnO precursor; S3. Place the wood / CuSnO precursor downstream of the water container (3) of the tube furnace and 0.4 g of sublimed sulfur upstream. Then heat the furnace to the specified temperature of 600°C at a heating rate of 2°C min⁻¹ and maintain it for 8 h under N2 atmosphere to obtain C / CuSnS. Finally, use sandpaper to grind off 2 mm at both ends of the C / CuSnS to obtain the basswood evaporator (1).

2. A long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water container (3) is snap-connected to the water inlet pipe (4), and the inner wall of the water container (3) is of open-hole design.

3. The long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the first rubber gasket (5) is tightly fitted to the outer wall of the support frame (6), and the outer wall diameter of the first rubber gasket (5) is smaller than the outer wall diameter of the support frame (6).

4. The long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame (6) is snap-connected to the condensed water storage container (7), and the inner wall of the condensed water storage container (7) is of open-hole design.

5. The long-term stable solar evaporator with automatic salt removal function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the condensed water storage container (7) is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the rubber ring (8), and the outer wall diameter of one end of the condensed water storage container (7) is smaller than the inner wall diameter of the rubber ring (8).

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