Air-cooled centrifugal force activated cutting blade and method of use

Abstract

The application relates to an air-cooled centrifugal force opening cutter and a use method thereof, which comprises a cutter shell, a cutter wing hinged on the side of the cutter shell and a middle shaft arranged in the cutter shell, a rack is arranged on the middle shaft, a gear meshing with the rack is arranged on the cutter wing, a male joint and a female joint are respectively connected to the front and rear ends of the cutter shell, the outer rings of the two ends of the middle shaft are respectively sealingly and slidably connected with the cutter shell, a central through hole is arranged in the middle shaft, a plurality of side air outlets are arranged on the side of the central through hole, a spring shaft seat and a return spring arranged between the spring shaft seat and the middle shaft are arranged in the male joint, a plug shaft which is matched with the inner hole of the front end of the middle shaft is arranged on the spring shaft seat, a plug shaft through hole which is communicated with the front end of the male joint is arranged in the center of the plug shaft, a one-way valve which is opened forward is arranged in the plug shaft through hole, the application can provide cooling gas for the drill bit when drilling, and can provide cooling gas for the drill bit and the hole-making cutter when hole-making.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of coal mining devices, in particular to a gas-cooled centrifugal force opening cutter and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Drilling and hole making is to make a hole in the process of drilling, that is, to make a hole after drilling a certain distance; after the hole is made, the cutter is retracted to continue drilling, and a hole is made after a certain distance. Cycle multiple times until a probe hole is completed. Now, drilling and hole making gas exploration and extraction are widely used. In order to adapt to this exploration and extraction technology, many companies have developed coal seam cutters with openable and retractable cutter wings. The cutter wing is opened by water pressure, and this water pressure opening type coal seam cutter is widely used in water environment; but it cannot be used in waterless environment.

[0003] The invention patent with publication number CN114059931A discloses a reaming device and method for underground roadway of coal mine, which can realize automatic opening through centrifugal force of cutter wing rotation, and realizes plugging of front end drill bit water flow after cutter wing opening, and water spraying to side cutter wing. However, the application cannot continue to cool the front end drill bit after the cutter wing is opened, so the front end drill bit loses the cooling effect, which is easy to cause high temperature of the drill bit. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a gas-cooled centrifugal force opening cutter and a use method thereof to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0005] The present application is realized by the following technical scheme, which provides a gas-cooled centrifugal force opening cutter, comprising a cutter shell, a cutter wing hinged on the side surface of the cutter shell, and a middle shaft located in the cutter shell, wherein the middle shaft is provided with a rack, the cutter wing is provided with a gear meshing with the rack, the cutter shell is connected with a male joint and a female joint at the front and rear ends respectively, the outer rings of the two ends of the middle shaft are sealingly and slidably connected with the cutter shell, a central through hole is opened in the middle shaft, a plurality of side air outlets are opened on the side surface of the central through hole, a spring shaft seat and a return spring located between the spring shaft seat and the middle shaft are arranged in the male joint, the spring shaft seat is provided with a plug shaft matched with the inner hole of the front end of the middle shaft, the plug shaft is provided with a plug shaft through hole communicated with the front end of the male joint, and a one-way valve opening forward is arranged in the plug shaft through hole.

[0006] The male joint is connected with the drill bit, the female joint is connected with the drill rod, the drill rod is fixed on the drilling machine, the drilling machine rotates and advances to drive the drill rod and the drill bit to drill; when drilling, cold air enters the female joint through the inner hole of the drill rod, enters the male joint through the central through hole in the middle shaft, and cools the drill bit; at this time, the rotary speed is low, and the blade wing is closed; when drilling to a specified length, the rotary speed of the drilling machine is increased to a set value, the blade wing is opened under the action of centrifugal force, the drilling machine rotates and advances to start to form a hole, at this time, the upper gear of the blade wing drives the middle shaft to move forward, the return spring is compressed, the front end inner hole of the middle shaft is sealed by the plug shaft of the spring shaft seat, cold air is discharged through the side air outlets around the middle shaft to cool the blade wing, and part of the cold air passes through the gap between the front end inner hole of the middle shaft and the plug shaft to cool the front drill bit; when the gas pressure increases, the one-way valve in the plug shaft through hole is opened, and the excess cold air is discharged to cool the drill bit.

[0007] As an optimization, the front end of the middle shaft is provided with a front piston, and the cutter shell is fixedly connected with a front bushing matched with the front piston. The front piston in the present scheme realizes sealed sliding connection of the front end of the middle shaft in the front bushing.

[0008] As an optimization, the rear end of the middle shaft is provided with a rear piston, and the cutter shell is fixedly connected with a rear bushing matched with the rear piston. The rear piston in the present scheme realizes sealed sliding connection of the rear end of the middle shaft in the rear bushing.

[0009] As an optimization, the front end of the central through hole is provided with a sealing sleeve, and the end of the plug shaft is matched with the sealing sleeve. The sealing sleeve in the present scheme realizes cooperation with the end of the plug shaft.

[0010] As an optimization, the spring shaft seat is slidingly connected in the male joint, and a hexagonal hole adjusting nut abutting against the front end face of the spring shaft seat is threadedly connected in the front end inner hole of the male joint. The hexagonal hole adjusting nut in the present scheme is threadedly matched with the male joint, so that the tightness of the return spring can be adjusted without disassembling the male joint.

[0011] As an optimization, the plug shaft through hole is a stepped hole with a large front end and a small rear end, the one-way valve includes a one-way valve ball and a one-way valve spring in the large-diameter hole, and the one-way valve spring presses the one-way valve ball against the small-diameter hole end. In the present scheme, the one-way valve spring presses the one-way valve ball against the small-diameter hole end, and when the gas pressure increases, the pressure of the one-way valve spring is overcome to open the one-way valve.

[0012] As an optimization, the rear end of the plug shaft is chamfered.

[0013] A use method of the gas-cooled centrifugal force opening cutter, comprising the following steps:

[0014] a. In use, the male joint is connected with the drill bit, the female joint is connected with the drill rod, the drill rod is fixed on the drilling machine, the drilling machine rotates and advances to drive the drill rod and the drill bit to drill;

[0015] b, drilling: cold air enters the female joint through the drill rod hole, enters the male joint through the central hole in the shaft, and cools the drill bit. At this time, due to low speed, the blade is closed;

[0016] c, when the hole is formed: when drilling to the specified length, increase the drill speed to the set value, under the action of centrifugal force, the blade is opened, the drill rotates and advances, and the hole is formed. At this time, the upper gear of the blade drives the forward movement of the shaft, the return spring is compressed, the front end hole of the shaft is sealed by the shaft seat, cold air is discharged through the side air ports around the shaft, and the blade is cooled. At the same time, part of the cold air passes through the gap between the front end hole of the shaft and the shaft, and the front drill is cooled. When the gas pressure increases, the one-way valve in the shaft hole opens, and the excess cold air is discharged to cool the drill.

[0017] The gas-cooled centrifugal force opening cutter and its use method have the advantages that the centrifugal force opening cutter is opened by centrifugal force at a specified speed, and is returned under the spring thrust when the speed is lower than the specified speed, which is convenient and controllable, and avoids incomplete return of the blade, affecting the drilling progress.

[0018] The side air ports around the shaft are machined, cold air is discharged to cool the blade, and dust in the blade storage is blown out to prevent the blade from being stuck when it is retracted. The blade and the water jet shaft use gear and rack to lock the blade at a low speed, prevent the blade from moving slightly, and affect the drilling quality and progress.

[0019] The central hole of the shaft is in communication with the front end of the male joint, which can provide cooling gas for the drill bit during drilling. The central hole of the shaft and the one-way valve in the shaft hole cooperate to provide cooling gas for the hole forming cutter and the drill bit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is an internal structure diagram of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a structure diagram of the present application after the blade is expanded;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a structure diagram of the present application after the blade is expanded; Figure 1 It is a top view of the outside;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the spring shaft seat of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a left view of the present application; Figure 4

[0025] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the shaft of the present application;

[0026] ​As shown in the figure:

[0027] 1, female joint, 2, cutter housing, 3, rear bushing, 4, nut plug, 5, center shaft, 6, pin shaft, 7, cutter wing, 8, front bushing, 9, sealing sleeve, 10, return spring, 11, male joint, 12, spring shaft seat, 13, hex hole adjusting nut, 14, front sealing ring, 15, rear sealing ring, 16, rear piston, 17, front piston, 18, side air outlet, 19, rack, 20, insert shaft, 21, insert shaft through hole, 22, one-way valve ball, 23, one-way valve spring, 24, gas through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present application, the present application will be described below through specific embodiments.

[0029] As shown in the figure, Figures 1-6 The air-cooled centrifugal force opening cutter of the present application comprises a cutter housing 2, a cutter wing 7 hinged on the side of the cutter housing 2, and a center shaft 5 located in the cutter housing 2. The front and rear ends of the cutter housing 2 are respectively connected with a male joint 11 and a female joint 1. The male joint 11 is connected with a drill bit, and the female joint 1 is connected with a drill rod. The drill rod is fixed on a drilling machine. The drilling machine rotates and advances, driving the drill rod and the drill bit to drill.

[0030] The cutter wing 7 is provided with two and is symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the cutter housing 2. The cutter housing 2 is a hollow tubular structure, and cutter wing accommodating openings are respectively formed on both sides for accommodating the retracted cutter wing 7. The rear end of the cutter wing 7 is hinged with the cutter housing 2, and the hinge shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the cutter housing 2, so that the front end of the cutter wing 7 can be unfolded outward.

[0031] The center shaft 5 is provided with a rack 19, and the cutter wing 7 is provided with a gear engaged with the rack 19. In the present embodiment, the gear is a half gear integrally formed on the cutter wing 7. The gear shaft is coaxial with the hinge axis of the cutter wing 7. Therefore, when the cutter wing 7 is unfolded, the gear is rotated, thereby driving the center shaft 5 to move forward.

[0032] The outer rings of the two ends of the center shaft 5 are respectively sealingly and slidably connected with the cutter housing 2. Specifically, the front end of the center shaft 5 is provided with a front piston 17, and the cutter housing 2 is fixedly connected with a front bushing 8 matched with the front piston 17. A front sealing ring 14 is arranged between the front piston 17 and the front bushing 8. The front sealing ring 14 is a large square GSF sealing ring.

[0033] The rear end of the center shaft 5 is provided with a rear piston 16, and the cutter housing 2 is fixedly connected with a rear bushing 3 matched with the rear piston 16. A rear sealing ring 15 is arranged between the rear piston 16 and the rear bushing 3. The rear sealing ring 15 is a small square GSF sealing ring.

[0034] The center hole is provided with a plurality of side air outlets 18, which are arranged in four rows in the embodiment and are arranged in the axial direction in each row.

[0035] The male connector 11 is provided with a spring shaft seat 12 and a return spring 10 between the spring shaft seat 12 and the middle shaft 5. The spring shaft seat 12 is provided with three outward protrusions, and the outer sides of the three protrusions form a circle that is matched with the inner hole of the male connector 11, so that the spring shaft seat 12 is slidably connected in the male connector 11, and the gas passing holes 24 are formed between the adjacent protrusions, so that the cold air can pass through the gas passing holes 24 and enter the front end of the male connector 11.

[0036] The front end of the male connector 11 is provided with a hexagonal hole adjusting nut 13 that is screwed into the inner hole of the front end of the male connector 11 and abuts against the front end surface of the spring shaft seat 12. The hexagonal hole adjusting nut is matched with the threads of the male connector, so that the tightness of the return spring can be adjusted without disassembling the male connector.

[0037] The spring shaft seat 12 is provided with a plug shaft 20 that is matched with the inner hole of the front end of the middle shaft 5. In the embodiment, the front end of the center hole is provided with a sealing sleeve 9, and the end of the plug shaft 20 is matched with the sealing sleeve 9. Specifically, the diameter of the plug shaft 20 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the sealing sleeve 9. The rear end of the plug shaft 20 is chamfered, so that the plug shaft 20 is easily inserted into the sealing sleeve 9.

[0038] The plug shaft 20 is provided with a plug shaft through hole 21 that is communicated with the front end of the male connector 11, and the plug shaft through hole 21 penetrates through the entire spring shaft seat 12.

[0039] The plug shaft through hole 21 is provided with a forwardly opened one-way valve. The plug shaft through hole 21 is a stepped hole with a large diameter in the front and a small diameter in the rear. The one-way valve includes a one-way valve ball 22 and a one-way valve spring 23, and the one-way valve spring 23 tightly presses the one-way valve ball 22 against the end of the small diameter hole.

[0040] A use method of the air-cooled centrifugal force opening cutter, which comprises the following steps:

[0041] a. In use, the male connector is connected with the drill bit, the female connector is connected with the drill rod, the drill rod is fixed on the drilling machine, the drilling machine is rotated and advanced to drive the drill rod and the drill bit to drill;

[0042] b. When drilling, the cold air enters the female connector through the inner hole of the drill rod, enters the male connector through the center hole in the middle shaft, and cools the drill bit. At this time, the blade is closed due to the low rotation speed.

[0043] c. When the hole is drilled to the specified length, the rotation speed of the drill is increased to a set value, the blades are opened under the centrifugal force, the drill is rotated and advanced, the hole is formed, at this time, the upper gear of the blade drives the middle shaft to move forward, the return spring is compressed, the front end hole of the middle shaft is sealed by the plug shaft of the spring shaft seat, the cold air is discharged through the side air ports around the middle shaft to cool the blade, at the same time, part of the cold air passes through the gap between the front end hole of the middle shaft and the plug shaft to cool the front drill bit, when the gas pressure increases, the one-way valve in the plug shaft hole opens, the excess cold air is discharged to cool the drill bit.

[0044] Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the technical features of the present application not described can be realized by or using the prior art, which will not be described here; the above examples and drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not a limitation on the present application, the preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail, and those skilled in the art should understand that the changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the essential scope of the present application do not deviate from the purpose of the present application, and should also belong to the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for using a gas-cooled centrifugal force opening cutting knife, the gas-cooled centrifugal force opening cutting knife comprising a cutting knife shell (2), a blade wing (7) hinged on the side of the cutting knife shell (2), and a middle shaft (5) located in the cutting knife shell (2), wherein the middle shaft (5) is provided with a rack (19), the blade wing (7) is provided with a gear wheel engaged with the rack (19), and the cutting knife shell (2) is respectively connected with a male connector (11) and a female connector (1) at the front and rear ends, characterized in that: The outer ring of the middle shaft (5) at both ends is sealed and slidably connected with the cutter shell (2), the middle shaft (5) is internally provided with a central through hole, a plurality of side air outlets (18) are formed on the side of the central through hole, the male connector (11) is internally provided with a spring shaft seat (12) and a return spring (10) between the spring shaft seat (12) and the middle shaft (5), the spring shaft seat (12) is provided with an insertion shaft (20) matched with the inner hole of the front end of the middle shaft (5), the insertion shaft (20) is internally provided with an insertion shaft through hole (21) in communication with the front end of the male connector (11), and a one-way valve is internally provided in the insertion shaft through hole (21) and is opened forwardly; the front end of the central through hole is provided with a sealing sleeve (9), the end of the insertion shaft (20) is matched with the sealing sleeve (9), the diameter of the insertion shaft (20) is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the sealing sleeve (9), the insertion shaft through hole (21) is a stepped hole with a large front end and a small rear end, the one-way valve comprises a one-way valve ball (22) and a one-way valve spring (23) in the large-diameter hole, and the one-way valve spring (23) presses the one-way valve ball (22) against the small-diameter hole end; The method comprises the following steps: a. When in use, the male connector is connected with the drill bit, the female connector is connected with the drill rod, the drill rod is fixed on the drilling machine, the drilling machine rotates and advances, and the drill rod and the drill bit are driven to drill; b. When drilling, cold air enters the female connector through the inner hole of the drill rod, enters the male connector through the central through hole in the middle shaft, and cools the drill bit, at this time, the blade is closed due to low rotation speed; c. When forming a hole, when drilling to a specified length, the rotation speed of the drilling machine is increased to a set value, the blade is opened under the action of centrifugal force, the drilling machine rotates and advances, and hole forming is started, at this time, the front end of the middle shaft is moved by the upper gear of the blade, the return spring is compressed, the front end inner hole of the middle shaft is sealed by the insertion shaft of the spring shaft seat, cold air is discharged through the side air outlets around the middle shaft to cool the blade, and part of the cold air passes through the gap between the front end inner hole of the middle shaft and the insertion shaft to cool the front drill bit, when the gas pressure increases, the one-way valve in the insertion shaft through hole is opened, and the excess cold air is discharged to cool the drill bit.

2. The method of using a gas-cooled centrifugal force activated cutter as defined in claim 1, wherein: The front end of the middle shaft (5) is provided with a front piston (17), and the cutter shell (2) is fixedly connected with a front bushing (8) matched with the front piston (17).

3. The method of using a gas-cooled centrifugal force activated cutter as defined in claim 1, wherein: The rear end of the middle shaft (5) is provided with a rear piston (16), and the cutter shell (2) is fixedly connected with a rear bushing (3) matched with the rear piston (16).

4. The method of using a gas-cooled centrifugal force activated cutter as defined in claim 1, wherein: The spring shaft seat (12) is slidably connected in the male connector (11), and a hexagonal hole adjusting nut (13) is threadedly connected in the inner hole of the front end of the male connector (11) and abuts against the front end face of the spring shaft seat (12).

5. The method of using a gas-cooled centrifugal force activated cutter as defined in claim 1, wherein: The rear end of the insertion shaft (20) is chamfered.

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