A method and apparatus for monitoring a building damage mechanism

Abstract

This invention provides a method and apparatus for monitoring building damage mechanisms, solving the problem of deviations in predicting building damage levels that affect the accuracy of prediction results. The method for monitoring building damage mechanisms includes: determining the impact range of building damage; classifying buildings within the impact range according to the degree of damage; deploying multiple monitoring points on the classified buildings and their surrounding areas; continuously monitoring the multiple monitoring points to obtain the spatial damage manifestations of the buildings; monitoring the external damage manifestations of the buildings; and monitoring the damage mechanism between the buildings and ground surface deformation based on the spatial and external damage manifestations of the buildings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building damage technology, and more specifically to a method and apparatus for monitoring building damage mechanisms. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the evaluation of building damage mostly adopts the evaluation standards in the "Regulations on the Retention of Coal Pillars and Coal Mining of Buildings, Water Bodies, Railways and Main Shafts" promulgated by the State Coal Industry Bureau in 2000. When using the probability integral method to predict surface movement and deformation, since the prediction is of the final steady-state movement and deformation value, deviations will occur in judging the damage level of the building, affecting the accuracy of the prediction results. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for monitoring building damage mechanisms, which solves the problem of deviations in predicting the damage level of buildings, affecting the accuracy of the prediction results.

[0004] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring building damage mechanisms, comprising: determining the scope of influence of building damage; classifying buildings within the scope of influence according to the degree of damage; setting up multiple monitoring points for the classified buildings and their surroundings; continuously monitoring the multiple monitoring points to obtain the spatial damage manifestations of the buildings; monitoring the external damage manifestations of the buildings; and monitoring the damage mechanism between the buildings and ground surface deformation based on the spatial and external damage manifestations of the buildings.

[0005] In one embodiment, the step of determining the impact range of building damage includes: obtaining expected parameters based on geological and mining conditions of the mining area or data from adjacent mining faces; and using a probability integral method to predict the impact range of surface building damage at the mining face based on the expected parameters, critical deformation values ​​of buildings in the mining area in the regulations, and information about the mining face.

[0006] In one embodiment, the step of classifying buildings within the influence range according to their degree of damage includes: sequentially recording a predetermined number of buildings within the influence range as cluster objects; using the building deformation resistance attribute factors of all cluster objects as an evaluation factor set; determining the relative weight of each deformation resistance attribute factor to the degree of building deformation resistance based on expert scores; quantifying the building deformation resistance attribute factors corresponding to each building; obtaining the membership degree for the deformation resistance level based on the quantification results of the building deformation resistance attributes; and classifying the mining area buildings within the influence range based on the membership degree.

[0007] In one embodiment, the building's deformation resistance properties include: structure, material, aspect ratio, load-bearing wall condition, foundation and subgrade, relative position to the working surface, and construction time.

[0008] In one embodiment, the step of setting up multiple monitoring points on and around the classified buildings includes: selecting a preset number of classified buildings as target buildings for monitoring according to their membership degree in the damage level; and setting up multiple monitoring points on or around the target buildings.

[0009] In one embodiment, the step of setting up multiple monitoring points on or around the target building includes: completing the setup of the monitoring points before a preset time point when they are not affected by the work surface, and taking the observation value at the moment when the monitoring point itself has basically stabilized as the first observation value.

[0010] In one embodiment, the monitoring points include at least one of: ground movement monitoring points, building foundation monitoring points, and building upper wall monitoring points.

[0011] In one embodiment, the step of continuously monitoring the plurality of monitoring points to obtain the spatial manifestation of building damage includes: acquiring the initial monitoring data and the monitoring data at a preset time for each monitoring point; and obtaining information on the change in the spatial position and the amount of movement and deformation of the monitoring points based on the initial monitoring data and the monitoring data at the preset time.

[0012] In one embodiment, the displacement deformation includes at least one of vertical displacement deformation and horizontal displacement deformation.

[0013] In one embodiment, the external manifestations of the building damage include at least one of the following: wall cracks, wall tilting, wall bulging, and door / window deformation.

[0014] In one embodiment, the external manifestations of the building damage include cracks in the walls. The step of monitoring and acquiring the external manifestations of the building damage includes: acquiring monitoring data at the location to be monitored; obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the phase center of the monitoring device based on the monitoring data; acquiring the location, width, length, time of occurrence, and time process of crack development of the wall cracks based on the three-dimensional coordinates; and determining the damage level of the building based on the width of a single crack and the total width of multiple cracks.

[0015] In one embodiment, the step of monitoring the damage mechanism between a building and surface deformation based on the spatial and external manifestations of building damage includes: drawing a moving deformation curve of the building at different times based on the moving deformation value at the corresponding time of the monitoring point, and establishing a regression relationship between each deformation of the building and the corresponding deformation of the surface, as well as a regression relationship between the maximum crack width and each moving deformation.

[0016] A monitoring device for building damage mechanisms includes: a damage assessment module for determining the impact range of building damage; a classification module for classifying mining buildings within the impact range according to the degree of damage based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; a deployment module for deploying multiple monitoring points on the classified buildings and their surroundings; a spatial damage acquisition module for continuously monitoring the multiple monitoring points to obtain the spatial manifestation of building damage; an external damage acquisition module for monitoring and acquiring the external manifestation of building damage; and a processing module for monitoring the damage mechanism between buildings and surface deformation based on the spatial and external manifestations of building damage.

[0017] In one embodiment, the spatial damage acquisition module includes a monitoring antenna, a monitoring console, and a monitoring backend. The monitoring antenna is connected to the monitoring console and includes a reference antenna and a measuring point antenna. The reference antenna is deployed in a relatively stable area of ​​the mining area. The monitoring antenna is deployed at the monitoring location and connected to each building to be measured.

[0018] In one embodiment, the external damage acquisition module includes a three-dimensional laser scanning device, which is connected to the monitoring console.

[0019] An electronic device includes a memory and a processor, the memory being used to store one or more computer instructions, wherein the one or more computer instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the monitoring method for building damage mechanisms as described above.

[0020] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the monitoring method for building damage mechanisms as described in any one of the preceding claims.

[0021] This invention provides a method and apparatus for monitoring building damage mechanisms. Based on the attribute information of different deformation-resistant types of buildings in a mining area and their corresponding damage relationships with surface deformation, a database system is established for scientific management, facilitating data reference for future coal mining operations beneath buildings. This invention establishes a building damage mechanism monitoring method based on two observation technologies, enabling real-time and continuous observation of various types of monitoring points and building crack development. It analyzes the damage transmission mechanism of surface movement deformation during working face mining on building deformation, improving the accuracy of surface movement deformation prediction. Furthermore, based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, it classifies buildings in the mining area, analyzes the relationship between building deformation and surface deformation based on category, and determines the critical surface deformation values ​​corresponding to each damage level applicable to the mining area. This facilitates more targeted protection measures for buildings with different damage types in the mining area. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for monitoring building damage mechanisms according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a building damage mechanism monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the layout of building monitoring points according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of a building monitoring point layout according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional laser scanning system for monitoring wall cracks according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a monitoring device for building damage mechanisms provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in attached figures:

[0029] 1—Monitoring antenna; 100—Reference antenna; 101—Surface movement monitoring antenna; 102—Building foundation monitoring antenna; 103—Building upper wall monitoring antenna; 104—Photogrammetric device monitoring antenna; 2—Monitoring control console; 201—Measurement point three-dimensional coordinate receiving and processing module; 202—Crack information receiving and processing module; 3—Monitoring backend; 4—Three-dimensional laser scanning device; 5—Fixed cement piles in stable areas of the mining area. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Currently, the evaluation of building damage largely adopts the evaluation standards in the "Regulations on the Retention of Coal Pillars and Coal Mining for Buildings, Water Bodies, Railways and Main Shafts" promulgated by the State Coal Industry Bureau in 2000. When using the probability integral method to predict surface movement deformation, the predicted value is the final steady-state movement deformation value, which can lead to deviations in the judgment of the damage level. The inventors of this application have found that the reasons for the above problems are: ① For buildings in mining areas (especially those located directly above the working face), the maximum value of their movement deformation may not be at the final state, but rather occurs during the mining process, thus causing deviations in the judgment of the damage level; ② my country has a vast territory, and different mining areas have diverse building types and structural characteristics. Even within the same mining area, there are significant differences in the type, structural materials, and construction year of buildings, and they cannot be simply categorized as brick-concrete bungalows. When determining the evaluation standards, the building type, structure, materials, quality, and construction year must all be considered; ③ Surface deformation and building deformation are inconsistent. The forces of surface movement and deformation act directly on the foundation of buildings. However, due to the building's inherent stiffness, the foundation's penetration into the soil, and the limited ability of the foundation to transmit tensile and compressive forces, the damage to the upper walls of the building differs from that of the surface. To address these issues, this application provides a method and apparatus for monitoring building damage mechanisms. It establishes a method for monitoring building damage mechanisms based on two observation techniques, enabling real-time and continuous observation of various types of monitoring points and the development of building cracks. It analyzes the damage transmission mechanism of surface movement and deformation during mining operations on building deformation, improving the accuracy of predicting surface movement and deformation. Specific implementation methods are described in the following embodiments.

[0032] This invention provides a method for monitoring building damage mechanisms. By determining the impact range of surface building damage predicted from mining data, damage monitoring is performed on various types of buildings within this range, and the transmission mechanism from surface deformation to building deformation is analyzed. (Reference) Figure 1 As shown, the monitoring method for the building damage mechanism includes:

[0033] Step 01: Determine the impact range of building damage. Based on the geological and mining conditions of the mining area or data from adjacent mining faces, obtain relevant predicted parameters. Based on these predicted parameters, refer to the critical deformation values ​​of mining buildings in the regulations, and combine this with information from the working face to predict the impact range of surface building damage at that working face using the probability integral method. Optionally, the critical deformation values ​​of mining buildings include: tilt, positive curvature, and horizontal tensile deformation, where tilt can be i = 3.0 mm / m and positive curvature can be k = 0.20 mm / m. 2 The horizontal tensile deformation can be ε = 2.0 mm / m; it is understood that the types and specific values ​​of the critical deformation values ​​of mining area buildings can be adjusted according to the actual situation. This invention does not limit the types and specific values ​​of the critical deformation values ​​of mining area buildings.

[0034] Step 02: Classify the buildings within the affected area according to the degree of damage. This step of classifying the buildings within the affected area according to the degree of damage includes:

[0035] S021: Record the predetermined number of buildings within the influence range as cluster objects in sequence. Record the m buildings within the mining influence range of the mining face as cluster objects X = {X1, X2, ..., Xi} (1 ≤ i ≤ m) in sequence.

[0036] S022: Use the building deformation resistance attribute factors of all clustered objects as an evaluation factor set. Optionally, the building deformation resistance attribute factors include: structure, material, aspect ratio, load-bearing wall condition, foundation and subgrade, relative position to the working surface, and construction time. Each building Xi corresponds to seven building deformation resistance attribute factors: structure, material, aspect ratio, load-bearing wall condition, foundation and subgrade, relative position to the working surface, and construction time, and these seven building factors are used as an evaluation factor set.

[0037] S023: Determine the relative weight of each of the aforementioned deformation resistance attribute factors to the building's deformation resistance degree based on expert scores. The weight of each deformation resistance attribute factor is determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP): First, determine the relative weight of these seven inherent deformation resistance attribute factors to the building's deformation resistance degree based on expert scores, i.e., construct a judgment matrix A; using the 9 / 9 to 9 / 1 scaling method, solve for the maximum eigenvalue λmax and the corresponding eigenvector W0 of the judgment matrix A, normalize the eigenvector W0, and thus obtain the weight vector W of each deformation resistance attribute factor; test the judgment matrix A, which typically satisfies a random consistency ratio CR < 0.10.

[0038] S024: Quantify the deformation resistance attribute factors corresponding to each building. Use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to determine the membership degree of each factor to the deformation resistance rating set E = {weak, average, strong}. First, quantify these seven building deformation resistance attribute factors. The building deformation resistance attribute factors require on-site investigation and statistics, and the deformation resistance attribute factors corresponding to each building are quantified using expert evaluation or collective scoring methods.

[0039] S025: Based on the quantification results of the building's deformation resistance attributes, the membership degree for each deformation resistance level is obtained. Next, the membership degree function is used to calculate the membership degree of each deformation resistance attribute factor with respect to each evaluation level. Since the evaluation criteria for each deformation resistance attribute factor are divided into intervals, a trapezoidal distribution in the membership function F distribution can be used, thus allowing the membership degrees of these seven deformation resistance attribute factors with respect to these three deformation resistance levels to be calculated separately.

[0040] S026: Classify the mining area buildings within the influence range based on the membership degree. Construct a fuzzy relation matrix R based on the calculated membership degree of the deformation resistance attribute factors with respect to the deformation resistance level. The classification of the deformation resistance capability of building Xi can be completed using the comprehensive evaluation result B = WR of the damage degree of building Xi.

[0041] Step 03: Deploy multiple monitoring points on the classified buildings and their surrounding areas. Select a predetermined number of the classified buildings as target buildings for monitoring according to their membership degree in the damage level: For each classified building, select a predetermined number (e.g., 5-8) buildings with a membership degree from high to low in each damage level as target buildings for monitoring. Figure 2 As shown, multiple monitoring points are deployed on or around the target building: monitoring points are deployed on each of these target buildings; monitoring points are deployed around the target buildings. Optionally, the types of monitoring points include at least one of the following: ground movement monitoring points, building foundation monitoring points, and upper wall monitoring points.

[0042] In one embodiment, such as Figures 3-4 As shown, to ensure the calculation of each displacement deformation (w, i, k, u, ε, γ, s), and considering the dimensions of each side of the building, at least a predetermined number (e.g., 3) of monitoring points are set up along the windowsills on the short side walls of the building. The number of monitoring points can be increased proportionally along the long side of the building. Similarly, a row of monitoring points with appropriate spacing and density is also set up on the ground surface and foundation around the building, and numbered sequentially.

[0043] In one embodiment, after the monitoring points are set up, due to the different materials of the walls and soil compared to the monitoring piles, cement is used for pouring. During the consolidation process at the connection points, the monitoring points may move. This necessitates setting up the monitoring points a period of time before they are affected by the working surface, and using the observation value at the moment when the monitoring point has basically stabilized as the first observation value for that monitoring point.

[0044] Step 04: Continuously monitor the multiple monitoring points to obtain the spatial damage characteristics of the building.

[0045] The initial observation coordinates of any monitoring point n are (Xn0, Yn0, Hn0) using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). During the observation process, the coordinates at time t are preset to (Xnt, Ynt, Hnt). The monitored positions of each monitoring point are compared with their initial positions and calculated to obtain the changes in their spatial positions and various displacement deformations. Optionally, the displacement deformations include at least one of vertical displacement deformation and horizontal displacement deformation. The vertical displacement deformation and horizontal displacement variables are described separately below.

[0046] (1) Vertical displacement deformation.

[0047] 1) Calculate the subsidence value of monitoring point n.

[0048] W n =W n0 +W n (Unit: mm, rounded down)

[0049] In the formula, Wn is the subsidence value at point n; H n0 H ni The elevations of point n at the first observation and at time t are respectively.

[0050] 2) The average tilt of monitoring points n and n+1 along the specified direction Ψ.

[0051] (Unit: mm / m, rounded to 0.1)

[0052] In the formula, l n～n+1 Let n be the initial horizontal distance between monitoring point n and monitoring point n+1.

[0053] Ψ is the angle between the specified direction and +X, moving clockwise. It should be noted that when Ψ approaches 90°, the denominator may become zero, the transformed value may be excessively large, or the calculation may overflow; therefore, the value of Ψ must be carefully considered.

[0054] 3) The average curvature value of measuring points n-1, n, and n+1 along the specified direction Ψ

[0055] (Unit: 1 / km, rounded to 0.01)

[0056] 4) Torsional deformation of the center point o of the plane containing the four monitoring points

[0057] S O =S OX +S OY (Unit: 1 / km, rounded to 0.01)

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] In the formula, S O S OX S OY Let i represent the average total distortion and tilt along the X and Y directions, respectively, and 1 / km; nX i nY The inclinations of monitoring point n along the X and Y directions are respectively, in mm / m; The difference between the average value of the inclination along the X direction of monitoring points n+1 and m+1 and the average value of the inclination along the X direction of monitoring points n and m, in mm; The difference between the average value of the monitoring points m and m+1 along the Y direction and the average value of the monitoring points n and n+1 along the Y direction, in mm.

[0061] (2) Calculation of horizontal displacement deformation

[0062] 1) Calculate the horizontal movement value of monitoring point n along the specified direction ψ.

[0063] u nψ =u nx cosψ+u ny sinψ (unit: mm, rounded down)

[0064] In the formula, u nx u ny These represent the horizontal movements of monitoring point n along the x and y directions, respectively, and u nx =Xnt-Xn0,u ny =Y nt -Y n0 ;

[0065] 2) The average level deformation value of monitoring point n and n+1 along the survey line direction ψ

[0066] (Unit: mm / m, rounded to 0.1)

[0067] 3) Shear deformation at the center point o of the plane containing the four monitoring points

[0068] γO =γ OX +γ OY (Unit: mm / m, rounded to 0.1)

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] In the formula, γ O γ OX γ OY Xn and Yn are the average total shear deformation on the surface region and the shear deformation along the X and Y directions, respectively; Xn and Yn are the coordinates of monitoring point n, respectively. It is the difference between the average X-coordinate of monitoring points n+1 and m+1 at time t1 and the average X-coordinate of measuring points n and m. Let u be the difference between the average Y-coordinate of monitoring points m and m+1 at time t1 and the average Y-coordinate of monitoring points n and n+1; nX u nY These represent the horizontal movements of monitoring point n along the X and Y directions from time t1 to time t2; Δ uY Δ is the difference between the average horizontal movement of measuring points n+1 and m+1 along the X direction and the average horizontal movement of monitoring points n and m along the X direction; uX Let be the difference between the average value of the horizontal movement of measuring point m and m+1 along the Y direction and the average value of the horizontal movement of monitoring point n and n+1 along the Y direction.

[0072] Step 05: Monitor the external signs of damage to the building. For example... Figure 5 As shown, a three-dimensional laser scanning device can be used to monitor the external damage manifestations of a building. Optionally, the monitored external damage manifestations include: wall cracks and other abnormal phenomena such as tilting, wall bulging, and door and window deformation, but generally cracks are the main focus. Therefore, the following explanation uses cracks as an example. The three-dimensional laser scanning device is used to monitor the development of cracks in the main load-bearing walls, obtain monitoring data at the monitored locations, and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the phase center of the observation device in real time. The location, width, length, and occurrence and development time process of cracks in the main load-bearing walls of the building are periodically and automatically monitored. Finally, the damage level of the building is determined based on the width of a single crack on the wall and the total width of multiple cracks. Optionally, the damage level can include four levels: I, II, III, and IV, as shown in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1: Building Damage Levels

[0074]

[0075] Step 06: Based on the spatial and external damage manifestations of the building, the damage mechanism between the building and surface deformation is obtained. The observation data for the spatial and external damage manifestations include the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring points at each time point, the displacement deformation value, the location, width, and length of cracks, and the time of damage to load-bearing walls, etc. Based on the displacement deformation values ​​at corresponding times for the surface movement monitoring points, building foundation monitoring points, and upper wall monitoring points, displacement deformation curves for the building foundation, upper walls, and surface at different times are plotted. Regression relationships are established between the various deformation quantities of the building (wbuilding, ibuilding, kbuilding, ubuilding, εbuilding, γbuilding, sbuilding) and the corresponding deformation quantities of the surface (wground, iground, kground, uground, εground, γground, sground) and the maximum crack width Δ, as well as the regression relationship between each displacement deformation quantity, thereby obtaining the damage mechanism between the building and surface deformation.

[0076] Considering that different types of buildings have different sensitivities to various deformation indices, and that there is a certain correlation between the seven dynamic indices of moving deformation calculated from observation data and the two static indices of maximum crack width and total crack width, and that using the above nine indices to assess the damage level of buildings is too complicated, an orthogonal experiment was used to rank the factors affecting the damage of buildings by category, and a predetermined number (including 2-3) of main factors were selected to form the evaluation index system for this mining area.

[0077] In one embodiment, the surface movement deformation value at the moment when each type of building just reaches the corresponding damage level, as recorded by the crack monitoring device, is matched with the surface movement deformation value at that moment, which is the critical surface movement deformation value for each level of buildings in this mining area.

[0078] Based on the attribute information of different deformation-resistant types of buildings in the mining area and their damage relationship with surface deformation, a database system is established for scientific management, facilitating data reference for future coal mining under buildings. This invention establishes a building damage mechanism monitoring method based on two observation technologies, enabling real-time and continuous observation of various types of monitoring points and building crack development, analyzing the damage transmission mechanism of surface movement deformation during working face mining on building deformation; and classifying buildings in the mining area based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, analyzing the relationship between building deformation and surface deformation based on category, and determining the critical surface deformation value corresponding to each damage level applicable to the mining area, which is beneficial for implementing more targeted protection measures for buildings with different damage types in the mining area.

[0079] In one embodiment, the observation station of the present invention is equipped with corresponding surface points, building foundation points, and wall points. When burying the monitoring points, a reasonable density of monitoring points should be arranged according to the size of the building. According to the "Three-under" regulations, the length of buildings in my country's mining areas is generally less than 20m. The wall points are all arranged along the bottom of the windowsill, and in order to calculate the displacement deformation value, at least 3 observation points should be set along the short side of the wall, with a vertical distance of about 1 to 1.5m from the ground. The point density can be appropriately increased proportionally along the long side of the wall.

[0080] In one embodiment, the monitoring point numbering method includes: starting with D for surface points, J for foundation points, and Q for wall points; followed by numerical numbers, which can be sequentially numbered in a clockwise direction. For example, the surface point in the southeast of the building is D1.

[0081] In one embodiment, the three-dimensional laser scanning device uses the laser ranging principle to measure the direction and distance of each point cloud measurement point relative to the phase center of the instrument, and records the three-dimensional coordinates of a large number of dense points on the surface of the object being measured.

[0082] A GNSS receiver can be mounted on top of a three-dimensional laser scanning device to measure three-dimensional coordinates (X). i Y i H i (X) is not the coordinate of the phase center of the three-dimensional laser instrument. It needs to be corrected by measuring the distance Δh between the phase centers of the two instruments, i.e., (X) i Y i H i -Δh). However, the distance Δh here is along the vertical direction and is different from the normal direction of the GNSS elevation along the Earth's ellipsoid. But this correction distance is small and has little impact on the measurement accuracy; the deviation can be ignored.

[0083] This invention provides a monitoring device 200 for building damage mechanisms, with reference to... Figure 6 As shown, the monitoring device 200 includes a damage assessment module 10, a classification module 20, a deployment module 30, a spatial damage acquisition module 40, an external damage acquisition module 50, and a processing module 60. The damage assessment module 10 is used to determine the impact range of building damage; the classification module 20 is used to classify mining buildings within the impact range according to the degree of damage based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; the deployment module 30 is used to deploy multiple monitoring points around the classified buildings; the spatial damage acquisition module 40 is used to continuously monitor the multiple monitoring points to obtain the spatial manifestation of building damage; the external damage acquisition module 50 is used to monitor and acquire the external manifestation of building damage; and the processing module 60 is used to obtain the damage relationship between the building and surface deformation based on the spatial and external manifestations of building damage.

[0084] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2As shown, the space damage acquisition module 40 includes: a GNSS observation section, a monitoring antenna 1 (including a reference antenna 100 and a measuring point antenna), a monitoring control console 2, and a monitoring backend 3. Optionally, the GNSS observation section adopts a relatively low-cost "one-machine-multiple-antenna" mode.

[0085] The reference antenna 100 can be deployed in a relatively stable area of ​​the mining area; the monitoring antenna 1 is deployed in, for example,... Figure 4 The monitoring locations are shown, and each is tightly connected to the subject being measured to ensure that the displacement of both is consistent in time and space. Each monitoring antenna 1 is connected to the monitoring control console 2, which then sends the observation signals to the monitoring backend 3 in real time for preprocessing. The monitoring backend 3 performs comprehensive analysis based on the deformation information.

[0086] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the external damage acquisition module 50 includes a three-dimensional laser scanning device 4. The three-dimensional laser scanning device 4 is used to monitor the development of cracks in the main load-bearing walls. The three-dimensional laser scanning device 4 is set up on-site, with the monitoring antenna 1 connected to the instrument center on the upper part of the device. The three-dimensional coordinates of the phase center of the device are calculated in real time. The three-dimensional laser scanning device 4 is connected to the monitoring control console 2 to periodically and automatically monitor the location, width, length, and occurrence and development time of cracks in the main load-bearing walls of the building.

[0087] The building damage mechanism monitoring device provided by this invention utilizes technologies such as GNSS and three-dimensional laser scanning for continuous observation and the rapid data processing capabilities of a computer platform, enabling real-time processing and analysis of large volumes of observation data. Therefore, damage mechanism monitoring based on building classification and computer-aided analysis is beneficial for exploring the mining-induced damage mechanisms of surface buildings in mining areas, establishing evaluation systems, and implementing targeted protection measures in the future.

[0088] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention. It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0089] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the shown or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0090] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. If the functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, optical disks, and other media capable of storing program checksums.

[0091] This embodiment provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores one or more computer instructions, wherein the one or more computer instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the building damage mechanism monitoring method described in the above embodiment.

[0092] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0093] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring building damage mechanisms, characterized in that, Determine the extent of the damage to the building; The buildings within the affected area are classified according to the degree of damage; Multiple monitoring points were set up for the classified buildings and their surrounding areas; Continuous monitoring of the multiple monitoring points yields information on the spatial damage characteristics of the building. Monitor external damage to buildings; Based on the spatial and external damage manifestations of the building, the damage mechanism between the building and the ground surface deformation is monitored; The step of classifying buildings within the affected area according to their degree of damage includes: sequentially recording a predetermined number of buildings within the affected area as cluster objects; using the building deformation resistance attribute factors of all cluster objects as an evaluation factor set; determining the relative weight of each deformation resistance attribute factor to the building's deformation resistance degree based on expert scores; quantifying the building deformation resistance attribute factors corresponding to each building; obtaining the membership degree for the deformation resistance level based on the quantification results of the building deformation resistance attributes; and classifying the mining area buildings within the affected area based on the membership degree. The building's deformation resistance properties include: structure, materials, aspect ratio, load-bearing wall condition, foundation and subgrade, relative position to the working surface, and construction time; The step of setting up multiple monitoring points on and around the classified buildings includes: for the classified buildings, selecting a preset number of buildings with a membership degree from high to low in each damage level as target buildings for monitoring; setting up multiple monitoring points on or around the target buildings. The monitoring points include: ground movement monitoring points, building foundation monitoring points, and building upper wall monitoring points; The step of continuously monitoring the multiple monitoring points to obtain the spatial manifestation of building damage includes: acquiring the initial monitoring data and the monitoring data at a preset time for each monitoring point; and obtaining the spatial position change information and displacement deformation amount of the monitoring points based on the initial monitoring data and the monitoring data at the preset time. The external manifestations of the building damage include cracks in the walls. The steps of monitoring and acquiring the external manifestations of the building damage include: acquiring monitoring data at the location to be monitored; obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the phase center of the monitoring device based on the monitoring data; acquiring the location, width, length, time of occurrence, and time process of crack development of the wall cracks based on the three-dimensional coordinates; and determining the damage level of the building based on the width of a single crack and the total width of multiple cracks. The steps for monitoring the damage mechanism between buildings and surface deformation based on the spatial and external manifestations of building damage include: drawing movement deformation curves of buildings at different times based on the movement deformation values ​​at the corresponding times of the monitoring points, and establishing regression relationships between each deformation of the building and the corresponding deformation of the surface, as well as regression relationships between the maximum crack width and each movement deformation.

2. The method for monitoring building damage mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of setting up multiple monitoring points on or around the target building includes: The monitoring points are set up before a preset time point when they are not affected by the working surface, and the observation value at the moment when the monitoring points themselves have basically stabilized is taken as the first observation value.

3. The method for monitoring building damage mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The displacement deformation includes at least one of vertical displacement deformation and horizontal displacement deformation.

4. The method for monitoring building damage mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external manifestations of the building damage include at least one of the following: wall cracks, wall tilting, wall bulging, and door and window deformation.

5. A monitoring device for building damage mechanisms, characterized in that, The method for monitoring building damage mechanisms as described in any one of claims 1-4 includes: The damage assessment module is used to determine the extent of damage to a building. The classification module is used to classify the mining area buildings within the influence range according to the degree of damage based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; The deployment module is used to deploy multiple monitoring points on and around the classified buildings. The spatial damage acquisition module is used to continuously monitor the multiple monitoring points in space to obtain the spatial manifestation of building damage; The external damage acquisition module is used to monitor and acquire the external manifestations of building damage; The processing module is used to monitor the damage mechanism between buildings and ground surface deformation based on the spatial and external manifestations of building damage.

6. The monitoring device for building damage mechanisms according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spatial damage acquisition module includes a monitoring antenna, a monitoring console, and a monitoring backend. The monitoring antenna is connected to the monitoring console and includes a reference antenna and a measuring point antenna. The reference antenna is deployed in a relatively stable area of ​​the mining area; The monitoring antenna is deployed at the monitoring location and connected to each building to be monitored.

7. The monitoring device for building damage mechanisms according to claim 6, characterized in that, The external damage acquisition module includes a three-dimensional laser scanning device, which is connected to the monitoring console.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The system includes a memory and a processor, the memory being used to store one or more computer instructions, wherein the one or more computer instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the building damage mechanism monitoring method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the monitoring method for building damage mechanisms as described in any one of claims 1-4.

Images