Rubber elastic element composite loading test device and method

Abstract

The rubber elastic element composite loading test device is installed on a test platform, characterized in that: the device comprises a loading seat for vertically compressing a product, a horizontal loading assembly for forming a horizontal shear or torsion load of the product, a vertical loading assembly for forming a deflection load of the product, and a longitudinal loading assembly for forming a longitudinal shear load of the product; the horizontal loading assembly is arranged along a horizontal direction, the longitudinal loading assembly is arranged along a longitudinal direction, and the vertical loading assembly is arranged along a vertical direction; the product is placed in the loading seat, and the horizontal loading assembly, the longitudinal loading assembly and the vertical loading assembly are connected with the loading seat respectively. The device makes the product always in a vertical pressure maintaining state during loading, forms a multi-directional composite loading structure, forms a multi-directional composite load on the product, simulates a loading state of the rubber elastic element under an application working condition, and accurately represents a fatigue performance of the rubber elastic element under a complex stress strip. The application also provides a rubber elastic element composite loading test method.

Description

Test apparatus and method for composite loading of rubber elastic elements Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a composite loading test device and method for rubber elastic elements, belonging to the technical field of rubber elastic element loading test. Background Technology

[0002] Rubber elastic elements are elastomers composed of rubber and metal components. They provide flexible connections and buffer vibration and impact, and are widely used in flexible connection positions for vibration reduction and noise reduction. Replacing traditional sliding and rolling bearings, rubber elastic elements utilize their multi-directional deformation and elasticity, as well as the viscoelasticity of rubber, to primarily function in automobiles, trains, and other transportation vehicles for suspension, force transmission, vibration isolation, buffering, and positioning. They can withstand fatigue effects and instantaneous impacts from multi-directional loads such as compression, shear, torsion, and deflection. Rubber ball joints do not generate mechanical friction, require no lubrication, have low noise, simple structure, and require no maintenance, making them key components in widely used vibration damping devices both domestically and internationally. Currently, composite fatigue loading of rubber elastic elements is mostly bidirectional or multidirectional, for example, CN202110936654.5 "Apparatus and method for combined loading test of rubber elastic elements of railway vehicles", CN202210022799.9 "Four-directional composite loading fatigue test apparatus for rubber elastic elements", CN202210438192.9 "A large-tonnage radial-axial bidirectional fatigue loading test apparatus for elastic support joints", CN201610131919.3 "Three-directional loading fatigue test apparatus for ball joints". Although three-dimensional loading tests of radial torsional deflection have been implemented for elastic elements similar to rubber ball joints, this loading test technique is clearly insufficient for elastic elements with planar structures such as rubber springs, rubber stacks, or rubber pads. It is difficult to accurately characterize the fatigue performance of planar rubber elastic elements under complex stress strips. Planar elastic elements need to withstand multi-directional composite loads of vertical, transverse shear, longitudinal shear, torsion, and deflection simultaneously. Currently, there are very few test fixtures for multi-directional composite loads on planar elastic elements. The main difficulties lie in the setting of multi-directional composite loading structures, the need to simulate the load-bearing state of elastic elements under application conditions, and the need for the product's installation state to be consistent with the actual application installation state. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The composite loading test device and method for rubber elastic elements provided by this invention ensures that the product is always in a vertical pressure-holding state during the load-bearing process, which is consistent with the actual installation state of the product. This forms a multi-directional composite loading structure, which applies multi-directional composite loading to the product, simulating the load-bearing state of the rubber elastic element under application conditions, and accurately characterizing the fatigue performance of planar rubber elastic elements under complex stress strips.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A composite loading test device for rubber elastic elements, mounted on a test platform, is characterized by comprising a loading seat for vertically compressing the product, a transverse loading component for generating transverse shear or torsional loads on the product, a vertical loading component for generating deflection loads on the product, and a longitudinal loading component for generating longitudinal shear loads on the product. The transverse loading component is arranged horizontally, the longitudinal loading component is arranged horizontally, and the vertical loading component is arranged vertically. The product is placed in the loading seat, and the transverse loading component, the longitudinal loading component, and the vertical loading component are respectively connected to the loading seat.

[0006] Preferably, the loading seat includes a base, a vertical compression component mounted on the base, and a lever beam extending through the base in a horizontal direction. Two products are arranged in a double layer in the base, the lever beam is sandwiched between the two products, the vertical compression component presses on the upper product and presses the lower product on the base, and the horizontal loading component, the vertical loading component, and the longitudinal loading component are respectively hinged to the ends of the lever beam.

[0007] Preferably, the vertical compression assembly includes a pressure plate pressing on the upper product, a guide column vertically fixed to the base and guidingly connected through the pressure plate, an upper plate disposed directly above the pressure plate and fixed to the top of the guide column, and a vertical compression cylinder installed between the upper plate and the pressure plate, wherein the pressure plate compresses the product as the vertical compression cylinder extends.

[0008] Preferably, there are multiple guide columns symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vertical compression cylinder. A side plate arranged vertically is fixed on the base. The side plate is arranged on both sides of the pressure plate. The side plate has a strip-shaped limiting hole to limit the downward pressure of the pressure plate. The side of the pressure plate extends into the strip-shaped limiting hole.

[0009] Preferably, the lever beam is equipped with composite load-bearing components at both ends, with two lateral load-bearing components and two vertical load-bearing components. Each composite load-bearing component is connected to one lateral load-bearing component and one vertical load-bearing component, so that the lateral load-bearing components and the vertical load-bearing components are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the base.

[0010] Preferably, the composite load-bearing component includes a loading frame that cooperates with the lever beam, a transverse hinge seat fixed on the loading frame and connected to the transverse loading component, and a vertical hinge seat fixed on the loading frame and connected to the vertical loading component.

[0011] Preferably, the loading frame consists of two horizontal plates arranged horizontally and a vertical plate connected to the ends of the two horizontal plates. The end of the lever beam extends from between the two horizontal plates. The horizontal plates have grooves that cooperate with the lever beam. The vertical hinge seat is fixed on the horizontal plate, and the horizontal hinge seat is fixed on the vertical plate.

[0012] Preferably, the lateral loading assembly includes a lateral reaction seat fixed on the test platform and a lateral cylinder arranged horizontally and hinged at its tail end to the lateral reaction seat. The lateral cylinder is connected to the lever beam through the lateral hinge seat. The vertical loading assembly includes a vertical cylinder hinged on the gantry of the test platform and a load sensor connected to the free end of the vertical cylinder. The load sensor is connected to the lever beam through the vertical hinge seat.

[0013] Preferably, one end of the lever beam is equipped with a longitudinal hinge seat connected to the longitudinal loading component. The longitudinal loading component includes a longitudinal reaction seat fixed on the test platform and a longitudinal cylinder arranged longitudinally and hinged at its tail end to the longitudinal reaction seat. The longitudinal cylinder is connected to the lever beam through the longitudinal hinge seat.

[0014] The method for composite loading test of rubber elastic elements, using the composite loading test device of rubber elastic elements described above, is characterized in that, according to the application conditions of the product, the loading seat is first activated to vertically compress the product, and then, while the product is under vertical load, the transverse loading component, the vertical loading component and / or the longitudinal loading component are activated to drive the loading seat to move, forming a multi-directional fatigue load of the product under compression, shear, torsion and / or deflection.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0016] 1. The rubber elastic element composite loading test device of the present invention uses a loading seat to vertically compress the product, ensuring that the product remains in a vertically pressurized state throughout the load-bearing process, consistent with the actual installation state of the product. A transverse loading component, a longitudinal loading component, and a vertical loading component are connected to the loading seat. The transverse loading component drives the loading seat to move laterally, forming a transverse shear or torsional load on the product. The vertical loading component drives the loading seat to move vertically, forming a deflection load on the product. The longitudinal loading seat drives the loading seat to move longitudinally, forming a longitudinal shear load on the product. The loading seat presses the product down, and the movement of the loading seat forms the load on the product, forming a multi-directional composite loading structure. This multi-directional composite loading simulates the load-bearing state of the rubber elastic element under application conditions, accurately characterizing the fatigue performance of planar rubber elastic elements under complex stress strips.

[0017] 2. The loading seat contains two products arranged in a double layer, with a lever beam sandwiched between them. A vertical compression assembly presses the two products together. The ends of the lever beam are connected to a transverse loading assembly, a vertical loading assembly, and a longitudinal loading assembly. The same-direction loading of the two transverse loading assemblies causes the lever beam to move laterally, forming a transverse shear load on the products. The opposite-direction loading of the two transverse loading assemblies causes the lever beam to swing laterally, forming a torsional load on the products. The opposite-direction loading of the two vertical loading assemblies causes the lever beam to swing vertically, forming a deflection load on the products. The longitudinal loading assembly loads the lever beam to move longitudinally, forming a longitudinal shear load on the products. The lever beam transmits the load to simultaneously form a multi-directional composite load on the two products. The products serve as both test specimens and supports and moving parts of the lever beam, allowing the lever beam to adapt to movement in multiple directions, including transverse, vertical, and longitudinal. The test device has high structural reliability, long fatigue life, and is easy to maintain. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composite loading test device for rubber elastic elements.

[0019] Figure 2 is the front view of Figure 1.

[0020] Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 1.

[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the loading seat.

[0022] Figure 5 is the front view of Figure 4.

[0023] Figure 6 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of Figure 4. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to Figures 1-6.

[0025] A composite loading test device for rubber elastic elements, mounted on a test platform, is characterized by comprising a loading seat 1 for vertically compressing the product, a transverse loading component 2 for generating transverse shear or torsional loads on the product, a vertical loading component 3 for generating deflection loads on the product, and a longitudinal loading component 4 for generating longitudinal shear loads on the product. The transverse loading component 2 is arranged horizontally, the longitudinal loading component 4 is arranged horizontally, and the vertical loading component 3 is arranged vertically. The product is placed in the loading seat 1, and the transverse loading component 2, the longitudinal loading component 4, and the vertical loading component 3 are respectively connected to the loading seat 1.

[0026] The composite loading test device for rubber elastic elements described above uses a loading seat 1 to vertically compress the product, ensuring that the product remains under vertical pressure during the load-bearing process, consistent with the actual installation state of the product. The transverse loading component 2, longitudinal loading component 4, and vertical loading component 3 are connected to the loading seat 1. The transverse loading component 2 drives the loading seat 1 to move laterally, forming a transverse shear or torsional load on the product. The vertical loading component 3 drives the loading seat 1 to move vertically, forming a deflection load on the product. The longitudinal loading seat 4 drives the loading seat 1 to move longitudinally, forming a longitudinal shear load on the product. The loading seat 1 presses the product down, and the movement of the loading seat 1 forms the load on the product, creating a multi-directional composite loading structure. This multi-directional composite loading simulates the load-bearing state of the rubber elastic element under application conditions, accurately characterizing the fatigue performance of planar rubber elastic elements under complex stress strips.

[0027] The loading seat 1 includes a base 5, a vertical compression component 6 mounted on the base 5, and a lever beam 7 extending horizontally through the base. Two products 100 are arranged in a double-layer configuration within the base 5. The lever beam 7 is sandwiched between the two products 100. The vertical compression component 6 presses down on the upper product and presses the lower product onto the base. A transverse loading component 2, a vertical loading component 3, and a longitudinal loading component 4 are hinged to the ends of the lever beam 7. The loading seat 1 contains two products 100 arranged in a double-layer configuration, with the lever beam 7 sandwiched between them. The vertical compression component 6 presses the two products together. The ends of the lever beam 7 are connected to the transverse loading component 2, the vertical loading component 3, and the longitudinal loading component 4. The lever beam 7 transmits loads to both products 100 simultaneously, forming a multi-directional composite load. Each product 100 serves as both a test specimen and a support and moving part of the lever beam 7, allowing the lever beam 7 to adapt to movement in multiple directions (transverse, vertical, and longitudinal). The test device has high structural reliability, long fatigue life, and is easy to maintain.

[0028] The vertical compression assembly 6 includes a pressure plate 61 pressing on the upper product 100, a guide post 62 vertically fixed to the base 5 and guiding it through the pressure plate, an upper plate 63 positioned directly above the pressure plate 61 and fixed to the top of the guide post 62, and a vertical compression cylinder 64 installed between the upper plate 63 and the pressure plate 61. The pressure plate 61 compresses the product as the vertical compression cylinder 64 extends. The guide post 62 guides the downward pressure of the pressure plate 61, which compresses the two layers of products. The upper product presses against the lever beam 7, and the lower product presses against the base 5. The lever beam 7 is pressed between the two products. The movement of the lever beam 7 driven by the lateral loading assembly 2, the vertical loading assembly 3, and the longitudinal loading assembly 4 causes the product to bear load and deform. The vertical compression cylinder 64 compresses the product according to the compression preload during installation, allowing the product to bear load in multiple directions under vertical load conditions, simulating the application load conditions of the product and improving the reliability of the test.

[0029] The guide columns 62 are multiple and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vertical compression cylinder 64. A side plate 51, arranged vertically, is fixed on the base 5. The side plate 51 is located on both sides of the pressure plate 61, and has a strip-shaped limiting hole 52 on it to limit the downward pressure of the pressure plate 61. The side of the pressure plate 61 extends into the strip-shaped limiting hole 52. The side plate 51 on both sides of the pressure plate 61 and the strip-shaped limiting hole 52 limit the downward displacement of the pressure plate 61. When the side of the pressure plate 61 abuts against the bottom end of the strip-shaped limiting hole 62, the pressure plate 61 is limited and will not continue to press down, preventing damage to the product and improving the reliability and safety of vertical pressure and load protection.

[0030] The lever beam 7 is equipped with composite load-bearing components 8 at both ends. There are two horizontal load-bearing components 2 and two vertical load-bearing components 3. Each composite load-bearing component 8 is connected to one horizontal load-bearing component 2 and one vertical load-bearing component 3, so that the horizontal load-bearing components 2 and the vertical load-bearing components 3 are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the base 5. The two lateral loading components 2 load in the same direction, causing the lever beam 7 to move laterally and form a lateral shear load on the product. The two lateral loading components 2 load in opposite directions, causing the lever beam 7 to swing laterally and form a torsional load on the product. The two vertical loading components 3 load in opposite directions, causing the lever beam 7 to swing vertically and form a deflection load on the product. The lever beam 7 acts as a load-transmitting component, and its movement forms a load on the product, causing the product to deform. With the vertical compression cylinder pressing the product and the lever beam 7 as the fulcrum, lateral, longitudinal, and vertical loads are applied to the lever beam 7. The movement of the lever beam 7 causes the product to undergo shear, torsion, and deflection deformation. In other words, the movement of the lever beam 7 realizes the conversion from the loading direction of the loading components to the bearing direction of the product, thereby achieving multi-directional composite bearing of lateral shear, longitudinal shear, torsion, deflection, and vertical compression on the product.

[0031] The composite load-bearing component 8 includes a loading frame 81 that cooperates with the lever beam 7, a transverse hinge seat 82 fixed to the loading frame 81 and connected to the transverse loading component 2, and a vertical hinge seat 83 fixed to the loading frame 81 and connected to the vertical loading component 3. Both the transverse hinge seat 82 and the vertical hinge seat 83 are rotatable hinge structures, capable of adaptively rotating with the swing of the lever beam 7 without affecting load transmission. This allows the loading frame 81 to move with the loading of the transverse loading component 2 and the vertical loading component 2, thereby driving the lever beam 7 to move.

[0032] The loading frame 81 consists of two horizontally arranged plates 811 and a vertical plate 812 connected to the ends of the two plates 811. The end of the lever beam 7 extends between the two plates 811. The plates 811 have grooves 813 that mate with the lever beam 7. A vertical hinge seat 83 is fixed to the plates 811, and a horizontal hinge seat 82 is fixed to the vertical plate 812. As shown in the attached drawings, the grooves 813 mate perfectly with the lever beam 7, allowing the horizontal hinge seat 82 to push the lever beam 7 to move synchronously. The lever beam 7 is sandwiched between the two plates 811, allowing the vertical hinge seat 83 to push the lever beam 7 to move synchronously, ensuring the reliability of the loading.

[0033] The lateral loading assembly 2 includes a lateral reaction seat 21 fixed on the test platform and a lateral cylinder 22 horizontally arranged and hinged to the lateral reaction seat 21 at its tail end. The lateral cylinder 22 is connected to the lever beam 7 via a lateral hinge seat 82. The vertical loading assembly 3 includes a vertical cylinder 31 hinged to the gantry of the test platform and a load sensor 32 connected to the free end of the vertical cylinder 31. The load sensor 32 is connected to the lever beam 7 via a vertical hinge seat 83. One end of the lateral cylinder 22 is hinged to the lateral reaction seat 21, and the other end is hinged to the lateral hinge seat 82, allowing the lateral cylinder 22 to swing at a certain angle with the swing of the lever beam 7. The upper end of the vertical cylinder 31 is hinged to the gantry, and the load sensor 32 is connected to the vertical hinge seat 83, allowing the vertical cylinder 31 to swing at a certain angle with the swing of the lever beam 7. The movement of the lever beam 7 is not restricted or interfered with by the loading assembly, resulting in high load transmission reliability.

[0034] The lever beam 7 has a longitudinal hinge seat 9 at one end, which is connected to the longitudinal loading assembly 4. The longitudinal loading assembly 4 includes a longitudinal reaction seat 41 fixed on the test platform and a longitudinal cylinder 42 that is longitudinally arranged and hinged to the longitudinal reaction seat 41 at its tail end. The longitudinal cylinder 42 is connected to the lever beam 7 through the longitudinal hinge seat 9. The longitudinal hinge seat 9 is also a rotatable hinge structure, which can adapt to the swing of the lever beam 7 by rotating a certain angle. One end of the longitudinal cylinder is hinged to the longitudinal reaction seat 41, and the other end is connected to the longitudinal hinge seat 9, so that the longitudinal cylinder 42 swings a certain angle with the swing of the lever beam 7. The movement of the lever beam 7 is not restricted or interfered with by the loading assembly, and the load transmission reliability is high.

[0035] The method for composite loading test of rubber elastic elements, using the composite loading test device of rubber elastic elements described above, is characterized in that, according to the application conditions of the product, the loading seat 1 is first started to vertically compress the product, and then, while the product is under vertical load, the transverse loading component 2, the vertical loading component 3 and / or the longitudinal loading component 4 are started to drive the loading seat to move, forming a multi-directional fatigue load of the product under compression, shear, torsion and / or deflection.

[0036] The above-described test method uses the transverse loading component 2 to drive the loading seat 1 to move laterally, forming a transverse shear or torsional load on the product; the vertical loading component 3 to drive the loading seat 1 to move vertically, forming a deflection load on the product; and the longitudinal loading seat 4 to drive the loading seat 1 to move longitudinally, forming a longitudinal shear load on the product. The loading seat 1 is used to press the product and the load on the product is formed by the movement of the loading seat 1, forming a multi-directional composite loading structure. This multi-directional composite loading is applied to the product to simulate the load-bearing state of the rubber elastic element under application conditions, accurately characterizing the fatigue performance of the planar structure rubber elastic element under complex stress strips.

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention have been fully described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite loading test apparatus for rubber elastic elements, mounted on a test platform, characterized in that: The system includes a loading seat for vertically compressing the product, a transverse loading component for generating lateral shear or torsional loads on the product, a vertical loading component for generating deflection loads on the product, and a longitudinal loading component for generating longitudinal shear loads on the product. The transverse loading component is positioned horizontally, the longitudinal loading component is positioned horizontally, and the vertical loading component is positioned vertically. The product is placed in the loading seat, and the transverse, longitudinal, and vertical loading components are connected to the loading seat. The loading seat includes a base, a vertical compression component mounted on the base, and a lever beam penetrating the base horizontally. Two products are arranged in a double-layer distribution in the base, with the lever beam sandwiched between the two products. The vertical compression component presses on the upper product and presses the lower product onto the base. The transverse, vertical, and longitudinal loading components are hinged to the ends of the lever beam. Composite load-bearing components are mounted at both ends of the lever beam. There are two transverse and two vertical loading components, with one transverse and one vertical loading component connected to each composite load-bearing component, so that the transverse and vertical loading components are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the base.

2. The composite loading test device for rubber elastic elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical compression assembly includes a pressure plate that presses onto the upper product, a guide column that is vertically fixed to the base and guides and penetrates the pressure plate, an upper plate that is positioned directly above the pressure plate and fixed to the top of the guide column, and a vertical compression cylinder installed between the upper plate and the pressure plate. The pressure plate compresses the product as the vertical compression cylinder extends.

3. The composite loading test device for rubber elastic elements according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide columns are multiple and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vertical compression cylinder. The base is fixed with a side plate arranged vertically. The side plate is located on both sides of the pressure plate. The side plate has a strip-shaped limiting hole to limit the downward pressure of the pressure plate. The side of the pressure plate extends into the strip-shaped limiting hole.

4. The composite loading test device for rubber elastic elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite load-bearing component includes a loading frame that cooperates with the lever beam, a transverse hinge seat fixed on the loading frame and connected to the transverse loading component, and a vertical hinge seat fixed on the loading frame and connected to the vertical loading component.

5. The composite loading test device for rubber elastic elements according to claim 4, characterized in that: The loading frame consists of two horizontal plates arranged horizontally and a vertical plate connected to the ends of the two horizontal plates. The end of the lever beam extends from between the two horizontal plates. The horizontal plates have grooves that cooperate with the lever beam. The vertical hinge seat is fixed on the horizontal plate, and the horizontal hinge seat is fixed on the vertical plate.

6. The composite loading test device for rubber elastic elements according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lateral loading assembly includes a lateral reaction seat fixed on the test platform and a lateral cylinder arranged horizontally and hinged to the lateral reaction seat at its tail end. The lateral cylinder is connected to the lever beam through the lateral hinge seat. The vertical loading assembly includes a vertical cylinder hinged to the gantry of the test platform and a load sensor connected to the free end of the vertical cylinder. The load sensor is connected to the lever beam through the vertical hinge seat.

7. The composite loading test device for rubber elastic elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the lever beam is equipped with a longitudinal hinge seat connected to the longitudinal loading component. The longitudinal loading component includes a longitudinal reaction seat fixed on the test platform and a longitudinal hydraulic cylinder arranged longitudinally and hinged at its tail end to the longitudinal reaction seat. The longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is connected to the lever beam through the longitudinal hinge seat.

8. A method for testing composite loading of rubber elastic elements, using the composite loading test apparatus for rubber elastic elements as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Based on the product's application conditions, the loading seat is first activated to vertically compress the product. Then, while maintaining the product's vertical load, the transverse loading component, vertical loading component, and longitudinal loading component are activated to drive the loading seat to move, forming a multi-directional fatigue load of the product involving compression, shear, torsion, and deflection.

Images