A blasting hole positioning system for tunnel overbreak control

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering blasting technology, specifically a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels. It includes a CNC trolley for drilling blasting holes in tunnels. One end of the CNC trolley is connected to a grooved shell via a connecting plate. A work position switching mechanism is provided on the surface of the grooved shell. One end of the work position switching mechanism is equipped with a blasting point measuring mechanism, and the other end is equipped with a drilling mechanism. This blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels achieves work position switching by having a locking rod move along a track groove when the lower plate moves horizontally driven by a switching belt drive. When the locking rod moves to the lower part of the track groove, it pulls the drive rod downwards, thereby pulling the mounting base plate downwards. This achieves staggered work position switching, eliminating the need to set up and disassemble multiple pieces of equipment to complete the blasting point measurement and drilling in the tunnel, thus improving the efficiency of tunnel blasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering blasting technology, and in particular to a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Over- or under-excavation of tunnels is one of the reasons for losses in tunnel engineering. Accurate drilling location, direction, and depth are essential to meet design excavation requirements. Harsh working conditions at the tunnel face, coupled with the inability of workers to precisely control the drilling angle, easily lead to over- or under-excavation of the tunnel.

[0003] Currently, in order to improve work efficiency, multi-hole blasting technology is widely used. However, the existing on-site measurement and layout of blasting hole location parameters often requires the installation of measuring equipment and the cooperation of multiple people. The process is cumbersome and the operation is complicated. The positioning effect is easily affected by the experience, skills and cooperation of the workers. Moreover, a single measurement and positioning can only provide the position of a single blasting hole, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, greatly limiting the blasting effect and excavation efficiency. Therefore, the present invention solves the shortcomings of the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels.

[0005] The present invention proposes a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels, comprising a CNC trolley for drilling blasting holes in tunnels. One end of the CNC trolley is connected to a grooved shell via a connecting plate. The grooved shell is provided with traveling wheels for horizontal movement on both sides. The surface of the grooved shell is provided with a work position switching mechanism. One end of the work position switching mechanism is provided with a blasting point measuring mechanism, and the other end of the work position switching mechanism is provided with a drilling mechanism.

[0006] The station switching mechanism can operate at the upper end of the groove shell, thereby enabling the front station of the groove shell to measure the blasting point and drill the blasting point.

[0007] The blasting point measuring mechanism determines the blasting point by scanning and analyzing the tunnel blasting section at the front end of the groove shell.

[0008] The drilling mechanism is switched to the front end of the groove shell by the station switching mechanism, and drills holes one by one according to the data measured by the explosion point measuring mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the workstation switching mechanism includes pulleys rotatably connected to the inner walls of both sides of the groove housing via bearings, a tensioning wheel rotatably connected between the upper and lower pulleys at both ends via bearings, a switching belt drivingly connected to the outer surface of the pulleys and the tensioning wheel, a drive motor fixedly connected to one side surface of the groove housing, and the outer surface of the output shaft of the drive motor fixedly connected to the axle of one end of the pulley via a coupling.

[0010] Through the above technical solution, in order to drive the work station switching mechanism to achieve the switching of different work stations, thereby facilitating the fixed-point blasting of tunnels, the drive motor is activated, and the switching belt rotates under the transmission of the pulley, causing the mechanisms at both ends of the switching belt to switch left and right. In order to keep the switching belt switching between work stations, the tensioning wheel can be moved horizontally to achieve the tensioning of the switching belt.

[0011] Preferably, the workstation switching mechanism further includes a movable port extending through both sides of the groove housing. A pulling cylinder is fixedly connected to both sides of the groove housing. A pulling plate is slidably engaged with both sides of the movable port. The surface of the pulling plate is fixedly connected to the axle of the tensioning wheel via a connecting shaft. A buffer spring is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the pulling rod of the pulling cylinder. The free end of the buffer spring is fixedly connected to one side surface of the pulling plate.

[0012] Through the above technical solution, in order to drive the tensioning wheel to tension, the pulling cylinder is activated, causing its pulling rod to pull the pulling plate, which in turn causes the tensioning wheel to move horizontally along the moving port under the buffer of the buffer spring, thereby realizing the switching of belt tension.

[0013] Preferably, the workstation switching mechanism further includes upper slide rails that are symmetrically distributed and fixedly connected to the upper surface of the groove housing. An upper slider is slidably engaged on the outer surface of the upper slide rail. One end of the upper slider is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of one end of the switching belt. Lower slide rails are symmetrically distributed and fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the lower end of the groove housing. A lower slider is slidably engaged on the outer surface of the lower slide rail. One end of the lower slider is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the other end of the switching belt.

[0014] The above technical solution allows for station switching via belt rotation, while also providing guidance and limiting during station switching. An upper slide rail is connected to one station, and a lower slide rail is connected to another station. Both slide rails are connected to the switching belt via upper and lower sliders, respectively, enabling the upper and lower sliders to switch positions during belt switching.

[0015] Preferably, the workstation switching mechanism further includes a lower base plate fixedly connected to the upper surface of the lower slider. The upper surface of the lower base plate is symmetrically distributed with telescopic rods slidably sleeved through the opened sliding holes. The upper surface of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a mounting base plate. The outer surface of the telescopic rod is fixedly sleeved with a compression spring. The free end of the compression spring is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mounting base plate.

[0016] In order to avoid mutual obstruction when switching workstations, the base plate is installed on the upper surface of the lower base plate by means of a telescopic rod and a compression spring. When switching workstations, the base plate is compressed by the telescopic rod, which adjusts the structural height on the base plate. This allows the structure connecting the upper and lower sliders to be switched in a staggered manner.

[0017] Preferably, the workstation switching mechanism further includes a drive rod fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mounting base plate, a locking rod fixedly connected to the lower outer surface of the drive rod, an adjusting plate fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the groove housing, a track groove being formed through the surface of the adjusting plate, and the outer surface of the locking rod slidingly engaging with the inner wall of the track groove.

[0018] Through the above technical solution, in order to drive the mounting base plate to lower and switch positions in a staggered manner, when the base plate moves horizontally under the drive of the switching belt, the clamp rod moves along the track groove. When the clamp rod moves to the lower part of the track groove, it can pull the drive rod downward to extend and retract, thereby pulling the mounting base plate downward to achieve the staggered position switching.

[0019] Preferably, the blasting point measuring mechanism includes a rotating chassis fixedly connected to the upper surface of the mounting base plate, a leveling foot fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating chassis, a support base fixedly connected to the upper surface of the leveling foot, a digital display screen fixedly mounted on one side surface of the support base, support side frames fixedly connected to both ends of the upper surface of the support base, and a concave frame fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support side frames.

[0020] The above technical solution helps to accurately locate and control the position and depth of the blasting hole to ensure the safety and quality of the tunnel project. This allows the mounting base plate to be moved to the front end of the grooved shell, so that the digital display screen on the rotating chassis can display the measurement data.

[0021] Preferably, the blast point measuring mechanism further includes a support ball fixedly connected to one side surface of the concave frame via a connecting rod. The surface of the support ball is provided with a cross groove. The inner side wall of the concave frame is hinged to an adjusting rod that is cross-shaped and overlaps with the overlapping surfaces sliding against each other via a hinge shaft. The surface of the adjusting rod is provided with an adjusting groove. A movable rod is slidably inserted at the intersection of two adjusting grooves. A connecting block is fixedly connected to one side surface of the movable rod. The outer surface of the connecting block is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the cross groove. A reduction motor is fixedly connected to adjacent side surfaces of the concave frame. The outer surface of the output shaft of the reduction motor is fixedly connected to the outer surface of one end of the adjusting rod via a coupling. A scanner is fixedly connected to one side surface of the movable rod.

[0022] The above technical solution uses a total station consisting of a scanner, a concave frame, a digital display screen, a leveling corner, and a rotating chassis. The total station acquires real-time geometric information of the tunnel cross-section to determine the location, coordinates, and relative height of the blasting holes. However, the current total station has a limited scanning area, requiring multiple adjustments to its overall position, which reduces tunnel blasting efficiency. To expand the scanning area, a CNC trolley moves the total station to the center of the tunnel cross-section. Two geared motors on the concave frame operate sequentially, causing two adjusting rods to rotate. This rotates the movable rod along the adjusting groove, and the connecting block at the end of the movable rod slides sequentially within the cross groove. This causes the movable rod to move the scanner to scan the tunnel cross-section, determining the location, coordinates, and relative height of the blasting holes. The analyzed data is then recorded sequentially on the digital display screen, and drilling is performed based on the recorded data.

[0023] Preferably, the drilling mechanism includes a drive base fixedly connected to the upper surface of the upper slider. An adjusting screw is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the drive base via a bearing. A movable base plate is threaded onto the outer surface of the adjusting screw. Buffer telescopic rods are provided on the lower surfaces of both ends of the movable base plate. The lower surfaces of the buffer telescopic rods are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the drive base. A movable manipulator is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the middle part of the drive base.

[0024] With the above technical solution, the blasting point measuring mechanism is set between two adjusting screws. In order for the drilling mechanism to move to the front end of the grooved shell to drill holes in the tunnel section after switching, the moving base plate is moved to the front end of the grooved shell by the upper slider and the switching belt. In order to drill holes at different heights in the tunnel section, the motor in the drive base drives the two adjusting screws to rotate synchronously. This allows the moving base plate to drive the moving robot on its upper surface to adjust its height. The moving robot is supported by the buffer telescopic rod, which allows the moving robot to move the drilling mechanism to the tunnel section to drill blasting points.

[0025] Preferably, the drilling mechanism further includes an L-shaped support plate hinged to the end face of the mobile manipulator. One front surface of the support plate is rake-tooth shaped. A push cylinder and a telescopic cylinder are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the support plate via support lugs. A drive disc is fixedly connected to the end face of the telescopic cylinder shaft. The piston rod surface of the push cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the drive disc. A drive gear and a driven gear are respectively mounted on the inner wall of the cavity opened inside the drive disc via bearings, and the two gears mesh with each other. A drill rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the driven gear. A rotary motor is fixedly connected to one side surface of the drive disc. The outer surface of the output shaft of the rotary motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drive gear via a coupling.

[0026] Through the above technical solution, in order to drill holes at the determined blasting point, the drive disc and its internal structure, as well as the rotating motor and drill rod, constitute a drilling machine. The moving manipulator moves the drilling machine on the support plate to the surface of the blasting point. At the same time, the rake teeth can be inserted into the tunnel section for force support through the movement of the moving manipulator. This causes the push cylinder to push the drive disc and the telescopic cylinder to support it. Thus, the rotating motor can control the drill rod to rotate through the drive gear and driven gear to achieve drilling.

[0027] Preferably, the drilling mechanism further includes a limiting cylinder fixedly installed on the upper surface of one end of the support plate, the inner surface of the limiting cylinder being slidably sleeved with the outer surface of the drill rod, and the two outer surfaces of the limiting cylinder being connected to a shock-absorbing base plate via damping rods, with an angle controller installed on the upper surface of the shock-absorbing base plate.

[0028] Through the above technical solution, the angle controller consists of an angle sensor, a data processing unit, and a display and output interface. It can help engineers and operators accurately grasp the angle changes of objects, improve work efficiency and accuracy, and can also be used in automatic control systems to realize real-time adjustment and control of the object's posture and direction. Thus, with the buffer of the shock-absorbing base, the blasting point of the tunnel interface can be monitored and controlled in real time.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. By setting up a workstation switching mechanism, tunnel blasting measurement and tunnel blasting point drilling can be connected. During the adjustment process, when the bottom plate moves horizontally driven by the switching belt drive, the clamping rod moves along the track groove. When the clamping rod moves to the lower part of the track groove, it can pull the drive rod downward to extend and retract, thereby pulling the installation bottom plate downward to achieve staggered workstation switching. This avoids the need to set up and disassemble multiple pieces of equipment to complete the tunnel blasting point measurement and drilling, thus improving the efficiency of tunnel blasting.

[0031] 2. By setting up a blasting point measurement mechanism, a comprehensive scanning analysis of the tunnel blasting section can be performed to determine the blasting point. During the adjustment process, the two reduction motors on the concave frame act sequentially, causing the two adjusting rods to rotate in sequence. This, in turn, drives the movable rod to slide along the adjusting groove, and the connecting block at the end of the movable rod slides sequentially in the cross groove. This allows the movable rod to move the scanner to scan the tunnel section, thereby determining the position, coordinates, and relative height of the blasting hole. The analyzed data is then recorded sequentially on the digital display screen. Drilling is then performed based on the recorded data, avoiding the problem of single measurement positioning only providing a single blasting hole, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and greatly limits the blasting effect and excavation efficiency.

[0032] 3. By setting up a drilling mechanism, drilling can be performed to locate the blasting point. During the adjustment process, the angle controller is made parallel to the drill rod. The indicator light on the angle controller is used to determine whether the current angle is correct. A green indicator light means the angle is appropriate, and a red indicator light means the angle is abnormal. This causes the push cylinder to push the drive disc and the telescopic cylinder to support it. As a result, the rotating motor can control the drill rod to rotate through the drive gear and driven gear to achieve drilling. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over-excavation and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the pulling cylinder structure of a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the switching belt structure of a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional view of the bottom plate structure of a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over-excavation and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of the lower rail structure of a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional view of the adjusting plate structure of a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional view of the blasting point measuring mechanism of a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0040] Figure 8This is a perspective view of the adjusting rod structure of a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0041] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional view of the moving base plate structure of a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0042] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional view of the support plate structure of a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0043] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of a telescopic cylinder structure for a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0044] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional view of the drive disc structure of a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0045] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional view of a limiting cylinder structure for a blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0046] In the diagram: 1. CNC trolley; 2. Groove housing; 3. Traveling wheel; 4. Station switching mechanism; 41. Pulley; 42. Tensioning wheel; 43. Switching belt; 44. Drive motor; 45. Moving port; 46. Pulling cylinder; 47. Pulling plate; 48. Buffer spring; 49. Upper slide rail; 50. Upper slider; 51. Lower slider; 52. Lower slide rail; 53. Lower base plate; 54. Telescopic rod; 55. Mounting base plate; 56. Compression spring; 57. Drive rod; 58. Locking rod; 59. Adjusting plate; 591. Track groove; 6. Explosion point measuring mechanism; 61. Rotating chassis; 62. Leveling foot; 63. Support base; 4. Digital display screen; 65. Support side frame; 66. Concave frame; 67. Support ball; 68. Cross slide; 69. Adjusting rod; 70. Adjusting groove; 71. Movable rod; 72. Connecting block; 73. Gear motor; 74. Scanner; 8. Drilling mechanism; 81. Drive base; 82. Adjusting screw; 83. Moving base plate; 84. Buffer telescopic rod; 85. Moving robot arm; 86. Support plate; 87. Push cylinder; 88. Telescopic cylinder; 89. Drive disc; 90. Drive gear; 91. Driven gear; 92. Drill rod; 93. Rotary motor; 94. Limiting cylinder; 95. Vibration damping base plate; 96. Angle controller. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0048] Reference Figures 1-13 A blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels includes a CNC trolley 1 for drilling blasting holes in tunnels. One end of the CNC trolley 1 is connected to a grooved housing 2 via a connecting plate. The grooved housing 2 is provided with traveling wheels 3 on both sides for horizontal movement. A work station switching mechanism 4 is provided on the surface of the grooved housing 2. A blasting point measuring mechanism 6 is provided at one end of the work station switching mechanism 4, and a drilling mechanism 8 is provided at the other end of the work station switching mechanism 4.

[0049] like Figures 2-6 As shown, the station switching mechanism 4 can operate at the upper end of the groove housing 2, thereby enabling the front station of the groove housing 2 to perform blasting point measurement and blasting point drilling.

[0050] To enable the switching mechanism 4 to switch between different work positions and facilitate targeted blasting in tunnels, the switching mechanism 4 includes pulleys 41 rotatably connected to the inner walls of both sides of the recessed housing 2 via bearings. A tensioning wheel 42 is rotatably connected between the upper and lower pulleys 41 at both ends via bearings. A switching belt 43 is drivenly connected to the outer surfaces of the pulleys 41 and the tensioning wheel 42. A drive motor 44 is fixedly connected to one side surface of the recessed housing 2. The outer surface of the output shaft of the drive motor 44 is fixedly connected to the axle of one pulley 41 via a coupling. By actuating the drive motor 44, the switching belt 43 rotates under the drive of the pulleys 41, causing the mechanisms at both ends of the switching belt 43 to switch left and right. To maintain the switching of the work positions, the tensioning wheel 42 is moved horizontally to tension the switching belt 43.

[0051] To drive the tensioning wheel 42 to tension, the station switching mechanism 4 also includes a movable port 45 that passes through both sides of the groove housing 2. A pulling cylinder 46 is fixedly connected to both sides of the groove housing 2. A pulling plate 47 is slidably engaged with both sides of the movable port 45. The surface of the pulling plate 47 is fixedly connected to the axle of the tensioning wheel 42 through a connecting shaft. A buffer spring 48 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the pulling rod of the pulling cylinder 46. The free end of the buffer spring 48 is fixedly connected to one side of the pulling plate 47, so that the pulling cylinder 46 can be activated, causing its pulling rod to pull the pulling plate 47, thereby causing the tensioning wheel 42 to move horizontally along the movable port 45 under the buffer of the buffer spring 48, thus achieving the tensioning of the switching belt 43.

[0052] To switch workstations by rotating the belt 43 and to guide and limit movement during workstation switching, the workstation switching mechanism 4 also includes upper slide rails 49 that are symmetrically distributed and fixedly connected to the upper surface of the groove housing 2. An upper slider 50 is slidably engaged on the outer surface of the upper slide rail 49. One end of the upper slider 50 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of one end of the switching belt 43. Lower slide rails 52 are symmetrically distributed and fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the lower end of the groove housing 2. A lower slider 51 is slidably engaged on the outer surface of the lower slide rail 52. One end of the lower slider 51 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the other end of the switching belt 43. By connecting the upper slide rail 49 to one workstation and the lower slide rail 52 to another workstation, and by connecting the upper slider 50 and lower slider 51 to the switching belt 43 respectively, the positions of the upper slider 50 and lower slider 51 can be switched when the switching belt 43 is in motion.

[0053] To ensure that the workstations do not obstruct each other during switching, the workstation switching mechanism 4 also includes a lower base plate 53 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the lower slider 51. The upper surface of the lower base plate 53 is symmetrically distributed and slidably fitted with telescopic rods 54 through the opened sliding holes. The upper surface of the telescopic rods 54 is fixedly connected to a mounting base plate 55, and the outer surface of the telescopic rods 54 is fixedly fitted with a compression spring 56. The free end of the compression spring 56 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mounting base plate 55. Thus, by mounting the mounting base plate 55 on the upper surface of the lower base plate 53 through the telescopic rods 54 and the compression spring 56, the mounting base plate 55 compresses the telescopic rods 54 during workstation switching, thereby adjusting the structural height on the mounting base plate 55. This allows the structure connecting the upper slider 50 and the lower slider 51 to be switched in a staggered manner.

[0054] To drive the mounting base plate 55 to lower and switch positions in a staggered manner, the position switching mechanism 4 also includes a drive rod 57 fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mounting base plate 55. A locking rod 58 is fixedly connected to the lower outer surface of the drive rod 57, and an adjusting plate 59 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the groove housing 2. A track groove 591 is opened through the surface of the adjusting plate 59. The outer surface of the locking rod 58 slides and engages with the inner wall of the track groove 591. When the base plate 53 moves horizontally under the drive of the switching belt 43, the locking rod 58 moves along the track groove 591. When the locking rod 58 moves to the lower part of the track groove 591, it can pull the drive rod 57 to extend and retract downward, thereby pulling the mounting base plate 55 to move downward, thus realizing the staggered position switching.

[0055] By setting up the work station switching mechanism 4, tunnel blasting measurement and tunnel blasting point drilling can be connected. During the adjustment process, when the lower base plate 53 is moved horizontally by the switching belt 43, the clamping rod 58 moves along the track groove 591. When the clamping rod 58 moves to the lower part of the track groove 591, it can pull the drive rod 57 to extend and retract downward, thereby pulling the mounting base plate 55 to move downward, realizing the work station switching by misalignment. This avoids the need to set up and disassemble multiple pieces of equipment to complete the tunnel blasting point measurement and drilling, thereby improving the efficiency of tunnel blasting.

[0056] like Figures 7-8 As shown, the blasting point measuring mechanism 6 scans and analyzes the tunnel blasting section at the front end of the groove shell 2 to determine the blasting point.

[0057] To help accurately locate and control the position and depth of blasting holes to ensure the safety and quality of tunnel engineering, the blasting point measuring mechanism 6 includes a rotating chassis 61 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the mounting base plate 55. A leveling foot 62 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating chassis 61, and a support base 63 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the leveling foot 62. A digital display screen 64 is fixedly installed on one side surface of the support base 63, and support side frames 65 are fixedly connected to both ends of the upper surface of the support base 63. A concave frame 66 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support side frame 65, thereby allowing the mounting base plate 55 to switch to the front end of the recessed housing 2, so that the digital display screen 64 on the rotating chassis 61 can display the measurement data.

[0058] To determine the blasting point of the tunnel cross section, the blasting point measuring mechanism 6 also includes a supporting ball 67 fixedly connected to one side surface of the concave frame 66 via a connecting rod. A cross groove 68 is formed on the surface of the supporting ball 67. An adjusting rod 69, which overlaps in a cross shape and slides between its overlapping surfaces, is hinged to the inner wall of the concave frame 66 via a hinge shaft. An adjusting groove 70 is formed through the surface of the adjusting rod 69. A movable rod 71 is slidably inserted at the intersection of two adjusting grooves 70. A connecting block 72 is fixedly connected to one side surface of the movable rod 71. The outer surface of the connecting block 72 slidably engages with the inner wall of the cross groove 68. A reduction motor 73 is fixedly connected to adjacent side surfaces of the concave frame 66. The outer surface of the output shaft of the reduction motor 73 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of one end of the adjusting rod 69 via a coupling. A scanner 74 is fixedly connected to one side surface of the movable rod 71. The scanner 74, concave frame 66, digital display screen 64, leveling angle, and rotating chassis 61 constitute a total station. The total station is used to acquire the geometric information of the tunnel cross section in real time to determine the position, coordinates, and relative height of the blasting hole. The two reduction motors 73 on the concave frame 66 are activated in sequence, causing the two adjusting rods 69 to rotate in sequence, which in turn drives the movable rod 71 to slide along the adjusting groove 70. The connecting block 72 at the tail end of the movable rod 71 slides in the cross groove 68 in sequence, so that the movable rod 71 moves the scanner 74 to scan the tunnel cross section, thereby determining the position, coordinates, and relative height of the blasting hole. The analyzed data is recorded in sequence on the digital display screen 64, and drilling is performed in sequence based on the recorded data.

[0059] By setting up the blasting point measuring mechanism 6, a comprehensive scanning analysis of the tunnel blasting section can be performed to determine the blasting point. During the adjustment process, the two reduction motors 73 on the concave frame 66 are activated sequentially, causing the two adjusting rods 69 to rotate sequentially. This, in turn, drives the movable rod 71 to slide along the adjusting groove 70. The connecting block 72 at the end of the movable rod 71 slides sequentially in the cross groove 68, thereby causing the movable rod 71 to move the scanner 74 to scan the tunnel section, thus determining the position, coordinates, and relative height of the blasting hole. The analyzed data is then recorded sequentially on the digital display screen 64. Drilling is then performed based on the recorded data, avoiding the situation where a single measurement can only provide a single blasting hole, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, greatly limiting the blasting effect and excavation efficiency.

[0060] like Figures 9-13 As shown, the drilling mechanism 8 is switched to the front end of the groove housing 2 by the station switching mechanism 4, and drills holes one by one according to the data measured by the explosion point measuring mechanism 6.

[0061] To enable the drilling mechanism 8 to move to the front end of the groove housing 2 after switching and drill holes in the tunnel section, the drilling mechanism 8 includes a drive base 81 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the upper slider 50. The upper surface of the drive base 81 is rotatably connected to an adjusting screw 82 via a bearing. A movable base plate 83 is threaded onto the outer surface of the adjusting screw 82. Buffer telescopic rods 84 are provided on the lower surfaces of both ends of the movable base plate 83. The lower surfaces of the buffer telescopic rods 84 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the drive base 81. A movable manipulator 85 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the middle part of the drive base 81. The motor inside the drive base 81 simultaneously drives the two adjusting screws 82 to rotate synchronously, thereby enabling the movable base plate 83 to drive the movable manipulator 85 on its upper surface to adjust its height. The buffer telescopic rods 84 provide buffer support, allowing the movable manipulator 85 to move the drilling mechanism 8 to the tunnel section for drilling at the blasting point.

[0062] To drill at the determined blasting point, the drilling mechanism 8 also includes an L-shaped support plate 86 hinged to the end face of the mobile manipulator 85. One front surface of the support plate 86 has a rake-tooth shape. A push cylinder 87 and a telescopic cylinder 88 are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the support plate 86 via support lugs. A drive disc 89 is fixedly connected to the end face of the telescopic cylinder 88's shaft. The piston rod surface of the push cylinder 87 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the drive disc 89. A drive gear 90 and a driven gear 91 are mounted on the inner wall of the cavity inside the drive disc 89 via bearings, and the two gears mesh with each other. A drill rod 92 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the wheel 91, and a rotary motor 93 is fixedly connected to one side surface of the drive disc 89. The outer surface of the output shaft of the rotary motor 93 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drive gear 90 through a coupling, so that the mobile manipulator 85 moves the drill on the support plate 86 to the surface of the blasting point. At the same time, the rake teeth can be inserted into the tunnel section for force support by the movement of the mobile manipulator 85, which in turn causes the push cylinder 87 to push the drive disc 89 and cause the telescopic cylinder 88 to bear force support on it. Thus, the rotary motor 93 can control the drill rod 92 to rotate through the drive gear 90 and the driven gear 91 to realize drilling.

[0063] The drilling mechanism 8 also includes a limiting cylinder 94 fixedly installed on the upper surface of one end of the support plate 86. The inner surface of the limiting cylinder 94 is slidably sleeved with the outer surface of the drill rod 92. The outer surfaces of both sides of the limiting cylinder 94 are connected to a shock-absorbing base plate 95 through damping rods. An angle controller 96 is installed on the upper surface of the shock-absorbing base plate 95. The angle controller 96 consists of an angle sensor, a data processing unit, and a display and output interface. It can help engineers and operators accurately grasp the angle changes of the object, improve work efficiency and accuracy, and can also be used in automatic control systems to realize real-time adjustment and control of the object's posture and direction. Thus, under the buffer of the shock-absorbing base, the blasting point of the tunnel interface can be monitored and controlled in real time.

[0064] By setting up the drilling mechanism 8, drilling can be performed to locate the blasting point. During the adjustment process, the angle controller 96 is made parallel to the drill rod 92. The indicator light on the angle controller 96 is used to determine whether the current angle is correct. A green indicator light means the angle is appropriate, and a red indicator light means the angle is abnormal. This causes the push cylinder 87 to push the drive disc 89, and the telescopic cylinder 88 to support it. As a result, the rotating motor 93 can control the drill rod 92 to rotate through the drive gear 90 and the driven gear 91 to achieve drilling.

[0065] Working principle: such as Figures 1-13 As shown, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, by driving the CNC trolley 1 to the middle of the tunnel section, the lower slider 51 is held at the front end of the switching belt 43, so that the two reduction motors 73 on the concave frame 66 can be activated in sequence, thereby causing the two adjusting rods 69 to rotate in sequence, which in turn drives the movable rod 71 to slide along the adjusting groove 70, and the connecting block 72 at the tail end of the movable rod 71 slides in sequence in the cross groove 68 of the supporting ball 67, thereby causing the movable rod 71 to move the scanner 74 to scan the tunnel section, thereby determining the position, coordinates and relative height of the blasting hole, and the analyzed data is recorded in sequence on the digital display screen 64;

[0066] Once the blasting point is determined, drilling is required at the blasting point. This causes the drive motor 44 to operate, and under the transmission of the pulley 41, the switching belt 43 rotates. The upper slider 50 and the lower slider 51 on the switching belt 43 move relative to each other on the outer surfaces of the upper slide rail 49 and the lower slide rail 52, respectively. When the lower base plate 53 moves horizontally, the clamping rod 58 moves along the track groove 591. When the clamping rod 58 moves to the lower part of the track groove 591, it can pull the drive rod 57 to extend and retract downwards. This, in turn, pulls the mounting base plate 55 to move downwards under the support of the telescopic rod 54. This allows the lower base plate 53 and its structure to move to the rear end of the grooved housing 2, while the moving base plate 83 moves to the front end of the grooved housing 2 for drilling.

[0067] During drilling, the rake teeth are moved by the mobile manipulator 85 and inserted into the tunnel section for support. This causes the push cylinder 87 to push the drive disc 89, which in turn causes the telescopic cylinder 88 to support it. As a result, the rotary motor 93 controls the drill rod 92 to rotate through the drive gear 90 and the driven gear 91 to achieve drilling. The indicator light on the drilling angle controller 96 determines whether the current angle is correct. A green indicator light indicates that the angle is appropriate, while a red indicator light indicates that the angle is abnormal.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blast hole positioning system for tunnel overbreak control, comprising a numerical control jumbo (1) for drilling of blast holes for tunnel blasting, characterized in that: One end of the CNC trolley (1) is connected to a grooved shell (2) via a connecting plate. The grooved shell (2) is provided with driving wheels (3) for horizontal movement on both sides. The surface of the grooved shell (2) is provided with a work station switching mechanism (4). One end of the work station switching mechanism (4) is provided with a bursting point measuring mechanism (6), and the other end of the work station switching mechanism (4) is provided with a drilling mechanism (8). The station switching mechanism (4) can operate at the upper end of the groove shell (2), thereby enabling the front station of the groove shell (2) to measure the blasting point and drill the blasting point. The workstation switching mechanism (4) includes pulleys (41) rotatably connected to the inner walls of both sides of the groove housing (2) via bearings. A tension wheel (42) is rotatably connected between the upper and lower pulleys (41) at both ends via bearings. A switching belt (43) is connected to the outer surface of the pulleys (41) and the tension wheel (42). A drive motor (44) is fixedly connected to one side surface of the groove housing (2). The outer surface of the output shaft of the drive motor (44) is fixedly connected to the axle of one end of the pulley (41) via a coupling. The workstation switching mechanism (4) further includes a moving port (45) that passes through the two sides of the groove housing (2). A pulling cylinder (46) is fixedly connected to the two sides of the groove housing (2). A pulling plate (47) is slidably engaged with the two sides of the moving port (45). The surface of the pulling plate (47) is fixedly connected to the axle of the tension wheel (42) through a connecting shaft. A buffer spring (48) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the pulling rod of the pulling cylinder (46). The free end of the buffer spring (48) is fixedly connected to one side of the pulling plate (47). The workstation switching mechanism (4) further includes an upper slide rail (49) that is symmetrically distributed and fixedly connected to the upper surface of the groove housing (2). An upper slider (50) is slidably engaged on the outer surface of the upper slide rail (49). One end of the upper slider (50) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of one end of the switching belt (43). A lower slide rail (52) is symmetrically distributed and fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the lower end of the groove housing (2). A lower slider (51) is slidably engaged on the outer surface of the lower slide rail (52). One end of the lower slider (51) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the other end of the switching belt (43). The workstation switching mechanism (4) also includes a lower base plate (53) fixedly connected to the upper surface of the lower slider (51). The upper surface of the lower base plate (53) is symmetrically distributed and slidably sleeved with telescopic rods (54) through the opened sliding holes. The upper surface of the telescopic rods (54) is fixedly connected to a mounting base plate (55). The outer surface of the telescopic rods (54) is fixedly sleeved with a compression spring (56). The free end of the compression spring (56) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mounting base plate (55). The workstation switching mechanism (4) also includes a drive rod (57) fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mounting base plate (55). A locking rod (58) is fixedly connected to the lower outer surface of the drive rod (57). An adjusting plate (59) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the groove housing (2). A track groove (591) is opened through the surface of the adjusting plate (59). The outer surface of the locking rod (58) is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the track groove (591). The blasting point measuring mechanism (6) scans and analyzes the tunnel blasting section at the front end of the groove shell (2) to determine the blasting point; The drilling mechanism (8) is switched to the front end of the groove housing (2) by the station switching mechanism (4) and drills holes one by one according to the data measured by the burst point measuring mechanism (6).

2. A blasthole positioning system for tunnel overbreak control according to claim 1, wherein: The blasting point measuring mechanism (6) includes a rotating base (61) fixedly connected to the upper surface of the mounting base plate (55). A leveling foot (62) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating base (61). A support base (63) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the leveling foot (62). A digital display screen (64) is fixedly installed on one side surface of the support base (63). Support side frames (65) are fixedly connected to both ends of the upper surface of the support base (63). A concave frame (66) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support side frame (65).

3. A blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The blast point measuring mechanism (6) further includes a support ball (67) fixedly connected to one side surface of the concave frame (66) via a connecting rod. The surface of the support ball (67) is provided with a cross groove (68). The inner wall of the concave frame (66) is hinged to an adjusting rod (69) that is cross-shaped and whose overlapping surfaces slide against each other via a hinge shaft. The surface of the adjusting rod (69) is provided with an adjusting groove (70). A movable rod (71) is slidably inserted at the intersection of the two adjusting grooves (70). A connecting block (72) is fixedly connected to one side surface of the movable rod (71). The outer surface of the connecting block (72) is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the cross groove (68). A reduction motor (73) is fixedly connected to the adjacent side surface of the concave frame (66). The outer surface of the output shaft of the reduction motor (73) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of one end of the adjusting rod (69) via a coupling. A scanner (74) is fixedly connected to one side surface of the movable rod (71).

4. A blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drilling mechanism (8) includes a drive base (81) fixedly connected to the upper surface of the upper slider (50). An adjusting screw (82) is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the drive base (81) via a bearing. A movable base plate (83) is threaded onto the outer surface of the adjusting screw (82). Buffer telescopic rods (84) are provided on the lower surfaces of both ends of the movable base plate (83). The lower surface of the buffer telescopic rods (84) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the drive base (81). A movable manipulator (85) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the middle part of the drive base (81).

5. A blasting hole positioning system for controlling over- and under-excavation in tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drilling mechanism (8) also includes an L-shaped support plate (86) that is hinged to the end face of the mobile manipulator (85). The front end side surface of the support plate (86) is in the shape of a rake tooth. The upper surface of the support plate (86) is fixedly mounted with a push cylinder (87) and a telescopic cylinder (88) through support ear plates. The end face of the cylinder shaft of the telescopic cylinder (88) is fixedly connected to a drive disk (89). The piston rod surface of the push cylinder (87) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the drive disk (89). The inner wall of the cavity opened inside the drive disk (89) is respectively mounted with a drive gear (90) and a driven gear (91) through bearings, and the two gears mesh with each other. The inner wall of the driven gear (91) is fixedly connected to a drill rod (92). A rotating motor (93) is fixedly connected to one side surface of the drive disk (89). The outer surface of the output shaft of the rotating motor (93) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drive gear (90) through a coupling. The drilling mechanism (8) further includes a limiting cylinder (94) fixedly installed on the upper surface of one end of the support plate (86). The inner surface of the limiting cylinder (94) is slidably sleeved with the outer surface of the drill rod (92). The outer surfaces of both sides of the limiting cylinder (94) are connected to a shock-absorbing base plate (95) through a damping rod. An angle controller (96) is installed on the upper surface of the shock-absorbing base plate (95).

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