A two-position cooling two-stage retarder

Abstract

The application relates to a two-position cooling two-stage retarder, which comprises an execution module, a control module, a main shell, a water cooling module and an oil pan. The execution module is provided with a neutral wheel. When the retarder is in a low gear, the neutral wheel and a stator jointly serve as an equivalent stator of the retarder. When the retarder is in a high gear, the neutral wheel and a rotor jointly serve as an equivalent rotor of the retarder. The application is provided with a cooling structure for comprehensively using oil cooling and water cooling media, and the oil cooling is used in a working area and the water cooling is used in an oil storage area. The two-position cooling is combined, the problem of insufficient cooling demand of the retarder and overheating is solved, the neutral wheel is arranged, the problem of possible overheating in the working process of the retarder is solved, the overall speed regulating capacity of the retarder is improved, the speed regulating time is shorter, and the range of the matched horsepower section is wider.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of automotive braking system components, specifically a two-stage retarder with dual-position cooling. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional mechanical friction braking generates significant heat during prolonged downhill braking, and under extreme conditions, brake pads may experience thermal fade, causing considerable damage to automotive braking system components. In such situations, vehicles equipped with hydraulic retarders offer unique advantages. Hydraulic retarders use a hydraulic transmission system to slow down braking. As an auxiliary braking method, hydraulic retarders effectively reduce the burden on the vehicle's braking system, enabling gradual braking, extending the lifespan of braking system components, and, more importantly, enhancing braking safety and improving driver and passenger comfort. As an auxiliary braking method, hydraulic retarders have gained widespread application in Europe, America, and Japan due to their outstanding advantages. Research on hydraulic retarders began earlier abroad, resulting in more mature product development that can adapt to various operating conditions. Representative companies include General Motors (GM) of the United States, Voith of Germany, and ZF of Germany.

[0003] China's hydraulic retarder industry started relatively late. Although there has been considerable research, the technology level still lags behind that of foreign countries. However, with the automotive industry's increasing emphasis on hydraulic retarders and the research efforts of relevant scientific research teams, my country's hydraulic retarder development has made significant progress.

[0004] Currently, existing retarders may overheat during use, causing them to shut down due to overheat protection, affecting their reliability and vehicle safety during downhill driving. Furthermore, existing retarders achieve changes in resistance torque by altering the oil volume between the stator and rotor. Specifically, increasing or decreasing the oil volume at the rotor changes the amount of oil churning, resulting in energy loss and thus consuming engine power for speed adjustment. Because the process of adding or removing oil is relatively slow, the retarder's speed adjustment response is slow, unable to quickly control the vehicle speed to the driver's set speed. On steep or long slopes, the deceleration time may be even longer, impacting the driver's experience.

[0005] The problems with existing technology are: firstly, existing retarders may overheat under special operating conditions, exceeding the retarder's cooling capacity; secondly, existing retarders have excessively long speed adjustment times, affecting the user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of low cooling capacity and long speed adjustment time of retarders, this invention proposes a two-stage retarder with dual-position cooling.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0008] A two-stage retarder with dual-position cooling includes an execution module, a control module, a main housing, a water-cooling module, and an oil pan.

[0009] The execution module, the control module, the water cooling module, and the oil pan are respectively fixedly connected to the main housing.

[0010] The control module controls the working state of the execution module; the execution module is connected to the oil pan and enables the cooling oil in the oil pan to flow; the water cooling module is connected to the oil pan and cools the cooling oil in the oil pan.

[0011] A two-stage retarder with dual-position cooling may further include an execution module, a control module, a main housing, a cooling module, and an oil pan; the execution module includes a hollow shaft, a stator, a rotor, a neutral wheel, and a switching device; the switching device includes a piston cylinder, a piston, a return spring, and a switching oil circuit; the hollow shaft is connected to the stator via a bearing; the rotor and the hollow shaft are interference-fitted via a connecting ring; the axial side of the neutral wheel is clearance-fitted to the axial side of the stator, and its inner side is connected to the piston; the piston cylinder is located in the hollow shaft... The piston is located outside the mandrel and is connected to the inner wall of the piston cylinder and the outer wall of the hollow shaft. It can move axially along the hollow shaft. The piston is provided with external splines and internal splines. The external splines of the piston can mesh with the stator and the neutral wheel, and the internal splines of the piston can mesh with the hollow shaft. The return spring is located inside the piston cylinder, with one end connected to the piston and the other end connected to the stator. The switching oil circuit is connected to the piston cylinder. The execution module is set to a low-gear and a high-gear switchable state to adjust the oil stirring power.

[0012] The aforementioned dual-stage cooling retarder includes a main housing, a secondary housing, an upper housing, a front sealing cover, and a rear sealing cover.

[0013] The long bolt passes sequentially through the upper housing, the sub-housing, and the stator, and is fixed to the side of the main housing.

[0014] The upper housing and the front sealing cover are respectively fixedly connected to the sub-housing via the flange bolts; the front sealing cover is located between the upper housing and the hollow shaft, and is connected to the upper housing and the hollow shaft; the rear sealing cover is fixedly connected to the stator via the flange bolts.

[0015] The aforementioned dual-stage retarder with dual cooling includes a water-cooling module and an oil-cooling module; the oil-cooling module includes dedicated cooling oil disposed in the cavity between the sub-shell and the upper shell.

[0016] The aforementioned dual-position cooling two-stage retarder, the execution module of which also includes an oil seal.

[0017] The oil seal is installed in the inner holes of the front and rear sealing covers. Its outer diameter is connected to the inner holes of the front and rear sealing covers, and its inner diameter is connected to the hollow shaft for oil sealing.

[0018] The aforementioned dual-position cooling two-stage retarder, the execution module of which also includes a retaining ring.

[0019] The retaining ring is an elastic retaining ring, which is installed on both sides of the bearing to limit the axial movement of the bearing.

[0020] The aforementioned dual-position cooling two-stage retarder, the execution module of which also includes a sealing ring.

[0021] The sealing ring is installed between the front sealing cover and the secondary housing, between the secondary housing and the upper housing, between the rear sealing cover, and between the piston and the connected piston cylinder and the hollow shaft, for sealing at the joints.

[0022] The aforementioned dual-stage retarder with dual cooling operates by switching between low and high speeds. This switching, also known as the retarder's upshifting and downshifting process, is described below:

[0023] The term "upshift" refers to the process of the retarder shifting from a low gear to a high gear.

[0024] The process of shifting from a low gear to a high gear involves the control module issuing a command, which causes the pressure oil in the control oil circuit to enter the cavity between the piston cylinder and the piston through the hollow shaft and the piston cylinder's oil passage. The oil pressure in the cavity increases, overcoming the elastic force of the return spring and pushing the piston to move away from the main housing, thus moving the piston from the right position, through the middle position, to the left position.

[0025] When the retarder is in low gear, the piston is located on the right side, closest to the main housing, under the action of the return spring. The neutral wheel and stator are both engaged with the piston. The neutral wheel is stationary relative to the stator. The neutral wheel and stator together serve as the equivalent stator of the retarder. The rotor rotates with the hollow shaft to achieve oil stirring.

[0026] When the piston is in the neutral position, the engagement between the piston and the stator is disengaged, and the piston engages with the neutral wheel.

[0027] When the retarder is in the high position, the piston is located on the farthest side from the main housing, i.e., the left position. The neutral wheel and the hollow shaft are both engaged with the piston. The neutral wheel and the rotor rotate with the hollow shaft to achieve oil stirring; that is, the neutral wheel and the rotor together serve as the equivalent rotor of the retarder.

[0028] The downshifting refers to the process of the retarder shifting from a higher gear to a lower gear; downshifting is the reverse process of upshifting.

[0029] The retarder can switch between low and high speed settings.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0031] A dual-stage retarder with dual-position cooling features a cooling structure that combines oil cooling and water cooling. The working area is oil-cooled while the oil storage area is water-cooled, thus solving the problem of overheating due to insufficient cooling in the retarder.

[0032] A dual-position cooling two-stage retarder is provided, which features a neutral wheel that enables functional switching between the stator and rotor. This solves the problem of slow overall speed regulation during the operation of the retarder, resulting in shorter speed regulation time and a wider range of horsepower that can be matched. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is the main view of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is the right view of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a 3D diagram of the execution module;

[0037] Figure 5 This is the main view of the execution module;

[0038] Figure 6 It is the AA section view in the main view of the execution module;

[0039] Figure 7 It is the BB section view in the main view of the execution module.

[0040] In the diagram: 01. Stator; 02. Rotor; 03. Neutral wheel; 04. Secondary housing; 05. Upper housing; 06. Front sealing cover; 07. Hollow shaft; 08. Connecting ring; 09. Piston cylinder; 10. Return spring; 11. Piston; 12. Rear sealing cover; 13. Long rod bolt; 14. Flange bolt; 16. Bearing; 18. Oil seal; 20. Retaining ring; 25. Sealing ring; 31. Actuation module; 32. Control module; 33. Main housing; 34. Water cooling module; 35. Oil pan. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Example 1

[0042] A two-stage retarder with dual-position cooling includes an execution module 31, a control module 32, a water-cooling module 34, a main housing 33, and an oil pan 35, as shown below. Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3.

[0043] The execution module 31, control module 32, water cooling module Z03, and oil pan 35 are all connected to the main housing 33 by bolts.

[0044] The structure of execution module 31 is as follows: Figures 4 to 7 As shown.

[0045] Stator 01, upper housing 05, and secondary housing 04 are simultaneously passed through by long bolts 13 and fixed to the main housing 33;

[0046] The rotor 02 and the connecting ring 08 are splined with an interference fit, and there is a limit shoulder on the side of the spline.

[0047] The neutral wheel 03 has a spline on its inner side, and its outer diameter on the right side is in clearance fit with the inner diameter of the stator 01;

[0048] The secondary housing 04 and the upper housing 05 are connected by flange bolts 14;

[0049] The secondary housing 04 is connected to the front sealing cover 06 by flange bolts 14;

[0050] The connecting ring 08 is interference-fitted with the hollow shaft 07, and there is a flexible retaining ring on the side for limiting movement.

[0051] Piston cylinder 09 is loosely fitted on hollow shaft 07, with its exterior transition fit to the inner hole on stator 01;

[0052] Spring 10 is sleeved inside piston cylinder 09 and outside piston 11, with one end pressing against the inner shoulder of stator 01 and the other end pressing against the shoulder of piston 09.

[0053] The piston 11 is loosely fitted on the hollow shaft 07. Its external spline can mesh with the stator 01 and the neutral wheel 03, and its internal spline can mesh with the external spline on the hollow shaft 07.

[0054] The rear sealing cover 12 is connected to the stator 01 by bolts;

[0055] The outer ring of bearing 16 is installed in the inner hole of the front sealing cover 06, and is limited by retaining rings 20 on both sides. The retaining rings 20 are elastic retaining rings. The inner ring is installed on the hollow shaft 07, with a shoulder on one side and a retaining ring 20 on the other side.

[0056] The outer ring of bearing 16 is installed in the inner hole of stator 01, and is limited by retaining rings 20 on both sides. The inner ring is installed on hollow shaft 07, limited by piston cylinder 09 on one side and retaining ring 20 on the other side.

[0057] Oil seal 18 is installed in the inner hole of front sealing cover 06, with its outer diameter in close contact with its inner hole and its inner diameter in close contact with hollow shaft 07;

[0058] The oil seal 18 is installed in the inner hole of the rear sealing cover 12, with its outer diameter tightly fitted to its inner hole and its inner diameter tightly fitted to the hollow shaft 07;

[0059] The retaining ring 20 is installed in the standard-sized slots of each part;

[0060] The sealing ring 25 is installed in the standard-sized sealing groove on each part.

[0061] The working process of a two-stage retarder with dual-position cooling is as follows:

[0062] like Figure 6 As shown, when the retarder is in low gear, piston 11 is in the right position as shown in the diagram. At this time, neutral wheel 03 and stator 01 are both engaged with the splines on piston 11, and the two are relatively stationary. Neutral wheel 03 and stator 01 together act as the equivalent stator of the retarder. Figure 7 As shown, at this time, the oil stirring work of the retarder is mainly completed by the rotor 02, and the maximum oil stirring power of the retarder at this time is the oil stirring power of the rotor 02 when the working chamber is full of oil.

[0063] When the retarder switches to high speed, the pressure oil in the control oil circuit enters the cavity between the piston cylinder 09 and the piston 11 through the oil passage on the hollow shaft 07 and the piston cylinder 09. Under continuous pressing, the piston 11 moves to the left. When it moves to the middle position, the engagement between the piston 11 and the stator 01 is disengaged. At this time, the piston 11 only engages with the neutral wheel 03.

[0064] As piston 11 continues to move to the left, its internal splines gradually engage with the splines on hollow shaft 07. When piston 11 reaches the left position, the spline engagement is complete. At this point, both neutral wheel 03 and hollow shaft 07 are engaged with the splines of piston 11. Neutral wheel 03 and hollow shaft 07 are relatively stationary. Since rotor 02 is also relatively stationary with hollow shaft 07, neutral wheel 03 and rotor 02 are relatively stationary at this time. That is, both of them together act as the equivalent rotor of the retarder. Figure 6 As shown, at this time, the oil stirring work of the retarder is jointly completed by the rotor 02 and the neutral wheel 03. The maximum oil stirring power of the retarder at this time is the total oil stirring power of the rotor 02 and the neutral wheel 03 when the working chamber is full of oil.

[0065] The downshifting process of the retarder is the reverse of the above process.

[0066] Retarder cooling:

[0067] When the retarder is working, the oil in the oil pan is pressurized and enters the working chamber, and then flows back to the water-cooling module 34 for water cooling. When the temperature is too high, the special cooling oil in the cavity between the secondary housing 04 and the upper housing 05 begins to flow. Due to the rapid thermal conductivity of the oil and its proximity to the working chamber, it can quickly carry away the heat. Then it flows to the transmission cooling system for cooling and then flows back here. By having two cooling positions working at the same time and using two cooling media at the same time, the risk of overheating of the retarder can be effectively reduced.

[0068] As can be seen from the above, a retarder has a greater maximum churning power in its higher gears than in its lower gears, which translates to a greater braking torque. When a vehicle needs to brake quickly or urgently, a retarder without a higher gear can only increase the churning power and braking torque by increasing the amount of oil in its working chamber, resulting in a longer response time. A retarder with both high and low gears, however, can directly and quickly switch to the higher gear while simultaneously increasing the amount of oil, rapidly increasing the churning power and braking torque to ensure the vehicle's braking needs and safety.

Claims

1. A two-position cooling two-stage retarder, characterized by It includes execution module (31), control module (32), main shell (33), cooling module, oil pan (35); The execution module (31) includes hollow shaft, stator, rotor, neutral wheel and switching device; The switching device includes piston cylinder, piston, return spring, switching oil circuit; The hollow shaft (07) is connected with the stator (01) through bearing (16); The rotor (02) is connected with the hollow shaft (07) through connecting ring (08) interference fit; Neutral wheel (03) axial side clearance fit with the axial side of stator (01), inside and piston (11) are connected; The piston cylinder (09) is located outside the hollow shaft (07); The piston (11) is located in the piston cylinder (09), and is connected with the inner wall of the piston cylinder (09) and the outer wall of the hollow shaft (07), which can move axially along the hollow shaft (07); The piston (11) is provided with external spline, internal spline, and the external spline of the piston (11) can be engaged with the stator (01) and the neutral wheel (03), and the internal spline of the piston (11) can be engaged with the hollow shaft (07); The return spring (10) is located in the piston cylinder (09), one end is connected with the piston (11), and the other end is connected with the stator (01); The switching oil circuit is communicated with the piston cylinder (09); The execution module (31) is provided with low gear and high gear two-stage switchable state, and the oil stirring power is adjusted; The execution module (31) is switched in low gear and high gear, that is, the low gear and high gear of the retarder are switched, also known as the upshift and downshift process of the retarder, and the specific upshift and downshift process is as follows: The upshift, that is, the process of the retarder from low gear to high gear; The process of low gear rising to high gear is that the control module (32) sends out instructions, the pressure oil of the control oil circuit enters the cavity between the piston cylinder (09) and the piston (11) through the oil channel of the hollow shaft (07) and the piston cylinder (09), the oil pressure in the cavity rises, overcomes the elastic force of the return spring (10), pushes the piston (11) to move away from the main shell (33), and makes the piston (11) move from the right position to the left position through the middle position; When the retarder is in low gear, the piston (11) is located at the closest side to the main shell (33) under the action of the return spring (10), that is, the right position, the neutral wheel (03) and the stator (01) are engaged with the piston (11), the neutral wheel (03) is stationary relative to the stator (01), and the neutral wheel (03) and the stator (01) are used as the equivalent stator of the retarder; The rotor (02) rotates with the hollow shaft (07) to realize oil stirring; When the piston (11) is in the middle position, the engagement between the piston (11) and the stator (01) is disconnected, and the piston (11) is engaged with the neutral wheel (03); When the retarder is in high gear, the piston (11) is located at the farthest side to the main shell (33), that is, the left position, the neutral wheel (03) and the hollow shaft (07) are engaged with the piston (11), the neutral wheel (03) and the rotor (02) rotate with the hollow shaft (07) to realize oil stirring; That is, the neutral wheel (03) and the rotor (02) are used as the equivalent rotor of the retarder; The downshift, namely the process of the retarder from high gear to low gear, is the reverse process of upshift; The retarder can be converted between low gear and high gear.

2. The two-stage, binary-cooled retarder of claim 1, wherein, The main shell (33), the auxiliary shell (04), the upper shell (05), the front sealing cover (06) and the rear sealing cover (12) are included. The long rod bolt (13) passes through the upper shell (05), the auxiliary shell (04) and the stator (01) in sequence and is fixed to the side of the main shell (33). The upper shell (05) and the front sealing cover (06) are fixedly connected with the auxiliary shell (04) by flange bolts (14), the front sealing cover (06) is located between the upper shell (05) and the hollow shaft (07) and is connected with the upper shell (05) and the hollow shaft (07), and the rear sealing cover (12) is fixedly connected with the stator (01) by the flange bolts (14).

3. The two-stage, binary-cooled, regenerative brake of claim 1 wherein, The cooling module includes a water cooling module (34) and an oil cooling module, and the oil cooling module includes special cooling oil arranged in the cavity between the auxiliary shell (04) and the upper shell (05).

4. The two-stage, binary-cooled, regenerative brake of claim 1 wherein, The execution module (31) further includes an oil seal (18). The oil seal (18) is installed in the inner hole of the front sealing cover (06) and the rear sealing cover (12), the outer diameter of the oil seal (18) is matched with the inner hole of the front sealing cover (06) and the rear sealing cover (12), the inner diameter of the oil seal (18) is matched with the hollow shaft (07), and the oil seal (18) is used for oil sealing.

5. The two-stage, binary-cooled, regenerative brake of claim 1 wherein, The execution module (31) further includes a stop ring (20). The stop ring (20) is an elastic stop ring and is installed on both sides of the bearing (16) to limit the axial direction of the bearing (16).

6. The two-stage, binary-cooled, regenerative brake of claim 2 wherein, The execution module (31) further includes a sealing ring (25). The sealing ring (25) is installed between the front sealing cover (06) and the auxiliary shell (04), between the auxiliary shell (04) and the upper shell (05), between the rear sealing cover (12) and the hollow shaft (07), and between the piston (11) and the connected piston cylinder (09) and the hollow shaft (07), and is used for sealing the connected parts.

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