Non-uniform settlement simulation test device and method for assembled subway station

Abstract

The application discloses a non-uniform settlement simulation test device and method for a fabricated subway station, and relates to the technical field of underground engineering model test equipment. The test device comprises a station model unit, an elastic cushion layer unit and a ground load unit. The station model unit comprises a first top plate component, a second top plate component, a side wall component, a bottom plate component, a middle column component and a middle plate component. The elastic cushion layer unit comprises a first elastic cushion layer and a second elastic cushion layer. The bottom plate component is placed above the first elastic cushion layer and the second elastic cushion layer. The ground load unit is placed above the station model unit and is used for applying a load. The application simulates the influence of station inclination caused by non-uniform settlement on the joint and the whole of the fabricated subway station, and solves the problem that the existing test device for simulating non-uniform settlement cannot simulate the deformation characteristics and failure modes of the station joint and the whole caused by corresponding severe working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground engineering model testing equipment technology, and in particular to a non-uniform settlement simulation test device and method for prefabricated subway stations. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Prefabricated buildings refer to concrete building structures assembled from precast concrete components using reliable connection methods. Compared to above-ground buildings with mature technologies, research and application of prefabricated construction technology in underground engineering started later, especially in large-scale underground projects such as urban subway stations. For prefabricated subway stations, the joints are the weakest points in the structure, affecting the overall stress state and load-bearing characteristics. After the prefabricated station is assembled, uneven settlement of the ground beneath the station can cause the station's base slab to tilt, leading to deformation and failure of the joints connecting the precast components, ultimately resulting in the instability and failure of the overall station structure. However, it is difficult to monitor the deformation and failure during actual operation. Therefore, indoor tests are used to simulate the impact of uneven settlement on the joints and overall structure of prefabricated subway stations.

[0004] Existing experimental setups mainly focus on studying the load-bearing characteristics and failure modes of joints under normal stress conditions, without considering the deformation characteristics and failure modes of station joints and the whole under harsh conditions such as uneven settlement of the ground at the bottom of the station, station tilting, and eccentric compression of precast components during actual construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a non-uniform settlement simulation test device and method for prefabricated subway stations. By simulating the impact of station tilting caused by non-uniform settlement on the joints and the whole of the prefabricated subway station, this invention solves the problem that existing non-uniform settlement simulation test devices cannot simulate the deformation characteristics and failure modes of station joints and the whole caused by corresponding severe working conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a non-uniform settlement simulation test device for prefabricated subway stations, comprising:

[0008] The station model unit comprises a station model unit, an elastic cushion layer unit, and a ground load unit. The station model unit includes a first roof slab component, a second roof slab component, side wall components, a base slab component, a central column component, and a central plate component. There are two side wall components, with their mortise and tenon joints respectively spliced ​​to the tenon joints at both ends of the base slab component. The mortise and tenon joints of the first and second roof slab components are respectively spliced ​​to the tenon joints of the two side wall components. The first and second roof slab components are joined together via mortise and tenon joints. The central column component is inserted into a pre-reserved opening in the base slab component. The two ends of the central plate component are placed on the corbels of the two side wall components. The elastic cushion layer unit includes a first elastic cushion layer and a second elastic cushion layer. The base slab component is placed above the first and second elastic cushion layers. The ground load unit is placed above the station model unit for applying loads.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower surface of the middle plate component is in close contact with the top of the middle column component.

[0010] Furthermore, the first elastic pad and the second elastic pad have different elastic moduli, and the first elastic pad and the second elastic pad are connected together by bolts to prevent separation during loading.

[0011] Furthermore, the shape of the upper surface after the first elastic pad and the second elastic pad are spliced ​​together perfectly matches the shape of the lower surface of the base plate component.

[0012] Furthermore, the surface load unit includes a rigid cover plate, several jacks, and a rigid frame; the rigid cover plate is disposed above the first and second top plate components after splicing; the jacks are vertically fixed to the lower surface of the rigid frame; each jack is parallel to the others; the jacks press the first and second top plate components from above through the rigid cover plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the shape of the lower surface of the rigid cover plate perfectly matches the shape of the upper surface of the spliced ​​first and second top plate components.

[0014] Furthermore, the rigid cover plate is a transparent, homogeneous rigid cover plate.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes camera equipment, which includes a first high-definition camera and a second high-definition camera. The first high-definition camera is installed at the bottom of the rigid frame, and the second high-definition camera is installed at the front of the station unit.

[0016] Furthermore, the first high-definition camera is located directly above the mortise and tenon contact surface of the first and second top plate components.

[0017] A second aspect of the present invention provides a test method for a non-uniform settlement simulation test device for prefabricated subway stations, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Using jacks, loads are applied in stages. Rigid covers distribute the load evenly on the top of the station model unit. The load is then transferred through the entire station model unit to the elastic cushion layer unit below, causing the elastic cushion layer to compress and deform. Due to the different elastic moduli, the compression amounts of the first and second elastic cushion layers are also different, resulting in differential settlement at both ends of the station model unit. The load is further increased to cause deformation of the station model unit until it fails. The entire test process is recorded.

[0019] The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] This invention discloses a simulation test device and method for uneven settlement in prefabricated subway stations. It establishes a complete prefabricated subway station, enabling a more realistic simulation of actual conditions and yielding more reliable and authentic experimental results. After load is applied, the station experiences differential settlement due to variations in the elastic modulus of the elastic pads. This realistically simulates station tilting caused by uneven ground settlement, allowing for the study of deformation and failure of station joints and the station as a whole under these conditions. This provides significant reference for research on the safety and stability of prefabricated subway stations during operation.

[0021] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the non-uniform settlement simulation test device for prefabricated subway stations in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Among them, 1. First top plate component, 2. Second top plate component, 3. Side wall component, 4. Bottom plate component, 5. Central column component, 6. Central plate component, 7. Rigid cover plate, 8. Jack, 9. Rigid frame, 10. First elastic cushion layer, 11. Second elastic cushion layer, 12. High-definition camera. Detailed Implementation

[0025] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0026] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0027] Example 1:

[0028] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a non-uniform settlement simulation test device for prefabricated subway stations, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0029] The station model unit comprises a station model unit, an elastic cushion layer unit, a ground load unit, and camera equipment. The station model unit includes a first roof slab component 1, a second roof slab component 2, side wall components 3, a bottom slab component 4, a central column component 5, and a central slab component 6. All components are constructed of reinforced concrete, designated C30. The first roof slab component 1, the second roof slab component 2, the side wall components 3, and the bottom slab component 4 all employ mortise and tenon joints. This mortise and tenon joint method corresponds to the prefabricated station structure using existing grouting mortise and tenon joints. Compared to cast-in-place structures, mortise and tenon joints are variable stiffness joints, while cast-in-place structures have high stiffness. The bending moment distribution of the overall structure differs under stress. Mortise and tenon joints can effectively reduce the maximum bending moment of the overall structure, enhancing its stability.

[0030] The first roof slab component 1 and the second roof slab component 2 are arched roof slabs, with the curvature determined according to the actual curvature of the simulated station. There are two side wall components 3, which are plate-shaped components with corbels in the middle. The mortise and tenon joints of the two side wall components 3 are respectively spliced ​​to the tenon joints at both ends of the base slab component 4; the mortise and tenon joints of the first roof slab component 1 and the second roof slab component 2 are respectively spliced ​​to the tenon joints of the two side wall components 3; the first roof slab component 1 and the second roof slab component 2 are spliced ​​together by mortise and tenon joints; the central column component 5 is a column-shaped component, inserted into the reserved opening of the base slab component 4; the central plate component 6 is an arched base plate, with both ends placed on the corbels of the two side wall components 3. The lower surface of the central plate component 6 is in close contact with the top of the central column component 5 and is fixed with bolts. The station model unit, consisting of the first top plate component 1, the second top plate component 2, the side wall component 3, the bottom plate component 4, the central column component 5, and the central plate component 6, is assembled through mortise and tenon joints. According to the principle of similarity, the actual station of the project is simulated on a scale to form a complete one-ring prefabricated subway station model.

[0031] It should be noted that the tenon and groove structure on each component of the present invention is determined to be a single tenon joint or a double tenon joint depending on the actual station being simulated. The specific structure is based on the actual station being simulated.

[0032] The elastic cushion unit includes a first elastic cushion 10 and a second elastic cushion 11, used to simulate different geological formations. The first elastic cushion 10 and the second elastic cushion 11 are made of elastic materials with different elastic moduli. The two ends of the first elastic cushion 10 and the second elastic cushion 11 are bolted together to prevent separation during loading. The base plate component 4 is placed above the first elastic cushion 10 and the second elastic cushion 11. The upper surface shape of the first elastic cushion 10 and the second elastic cushion 11 after splicing perfectly matches the lower surface shape of the base plate component 4, and the base plate component 4 is tightly placed on the two elastic cushions.

[0033] A surface load unit is placed above the station model unit to apply loads. The surface load unit includes a rigid cover plate 7, several hydraulic jacks 8, and a rigid frame 9. The rigid cover plate 7 is positioned above the assembled first roof slab component 1 and second roof slab component 2 to simulate the top stratum of the station after backfilling. The jacks 8 are vertically fixed to the lower surface of the rigid frame 9 to simulate surface loads during station operation. Each jack 8 is parallel to the others. The jacks 8 press against the first roof slab component 1 and second roof slab component 2 from above via the rigid cover plate 7. The rigid cover plate 7 is a transparent, homogeneous rigid cover plate, and the rigid frame 9 is parallel to the upper surface of the rigid cover plate 7. The shape of the lower surface of the rigid cover plate 7 perfectly matches the shape of the upper surface of the assembled first roof slab component 1 and second roof slab component 2.

[0034] The camera equipment is a high-definition camera 12, specifically including a first high-definition camera and a second high-definition camera, which are used to monitor the deformation and damage of the roof joint and the overall station structure during the pressurization process, respectively. The first high-definition camera is installed at the bottom of the rigid frame and is located directly above the tenon-groove contact surface of the first and second roof components. The second high-definition camera is installed in front of the overall station unit and can completely capture the entire station model.

[0035] As the jacks apply the load in stages, the transparent rigid cover plate evenly distributes the load across the top of the station. The load then passes through the entire station and is transferred to the underlying elastic pad, causing it to compress and deform. Due to differences in elastic modulus, the compression of the elastic pad varies, resulting in differential settlement at both ends of the station model. As the compression of the pad increases to a certain point, it becomes difficult to compress further, thus controlling the settlement to stay within a reasonable range and closely approximating reality. Subsequently, the load gradually shifts from the pad to the station structure, especially the tenon and groove joints, causing deformation and eventual failure. The entire process, from the initial pressurization to the station's failure, is recorded in real-time by a high-definition camera. The collected image data is then analyzed to assess the impact of uneven settlement on the joints and overall structure of the prefabricated subway station.

[0036] In this embodiment, when a load is applied, different compression amounts of the elastic pad produce different differential settlements, causing the station model to gradually tilt. This can realistically simulate the tilting of the station caused by uneven settlement of the strata, thereby studying the stress and deformation of the joint under this state and filling the gap in related research.

[0037] Example 2:

[0038] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a test method for a non-uniform settlement simulation test device for prefabricated subway stations, comprising the following steps:

[0039] Using jacks, loads are applied in stages, with a rigid cover plate evenly distributing the load across the top of the station model unit. The load then passes through the entire station model unit to the underlying elastic cushion layer, causing compression deformation. Due to differences in elastic modulus, the compression amounts of the first and second elastic cushion layers differ, resulting in differential settlement at both ends of the station model unit. As the compression of the cushion layer increases to a certain extent, it becomes difficult to compress further, thus controlling the settlement to stay within a reasonable range and closely approximating actual conditions. Subsequently, the load's focus gradually shifts from the cushion layer to the station structure, especially the tenon joint, with the load further increasing to cause deformation until failure. The entire test process, from the initial pressurization to station failure, is recorded in real-time by a high-definition camera. The impact of uneven settlement on the prefabricated subway station joints and overall structure is then analyzed from the collected image data.

[0040] The steps and methods involved in the above embodiment two correspond to those in embodiment one. For specific implementation details, please refer to the relevant description section of embodiment one.

[0041] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for simulating uneven settlement of a fabricated subway station, characterized in that, The application relates to a station model unit, an elastic cushion unit and a ground surface load unit, wherein the station model unit comprises a first top plate component, a second top plate component, side wall components, a bottom plate component, a middle column component and a middle plate component; the two side wall components are respectively spliced with tenon parts at two ends of the bottom plate component; the tenon parts of the first top plate component and the second top plate component are respectively spliced with mortise parts of the two side wall components; the first top plate component and the second top plate component are spliced together through mortise and tenon; the middle column component is inserted into a reserved port of the bottom plate component; the middle plate component is placed on corbels of the two side wall components; the elastic cushion unit comprises a first elastic cushion and a second elastic cushion; the bottom plate component is placed above the first elastic cushion and the second elastic cushion; the ground surface load unit is placed above the station model unit and is used for applying load. The first elastic cushion and the second elastic cushion are connected together through bolts and are prevented from being separated during the loading process. The upper surface shape of the spliced first elastic cushion and second elastic cushion is completely matched with the lower surface shape of the bottom plate component. The lower surface of the middle plate component is in close contact with the top of the middle column component.

2. The non-uniform settlement simulation test device for the fabricated subway station according to claim 1, wherein The ground surface load unit comprises a rigid cover plate, a plurality of jacks and a rigid frame; the rigid cover plate is arranged above the spliced first top plate component and second top plate component; the jacks are vertically fixed to the lower surface of the rigid frame; each jack is parallel to each other; the jacks press the first top plate component and the second top plate component from above through the rigid cover plate.

3. The non-uniform settlement simulation test device for the fabricated subway station according to claim 1, wherein The lower surface shape of the rigid cover plate is completely matched with the upper surface shape of the spliced first top plate component and second top plate component.

4. The non-uniform settlement simulation test device for the fabricated subway station according to claim 3, wherein The rigid cover plate is a transparent homogeneous rigid cover plate.

5. The non-uniform settlement simulation test device for the fabricated subway station according to claim 3, wherein The application further comprises a camera device, which comprises a first high-definition camera and a second high-definition camera; the first high-definition camera is installed at the bottom of the rigid frame; and the second high-definition camera is installed in front of the whole station unit.

6. The non-uniform settlement simulation test device for the fabricated subway station according to claim 1, wherein The first high-definition camera is located directly above the mortise contact surface of the first top plate component and the second top plate component.

7. The non-uniform settlement simulation test device for the fabricated subway station according to claim 6, wherein The application comprises the following steps:

8. The test method for the uneven settlement simulation test device for the fabricated subway station according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The jacks are used to apply loads step by step; the rigid cover plate uniformly distributes the loads on the top of the station model unit; the loads are transmitted to the elastic cushion unit below after passing through the whole station model unit, so that the elastic cushion is compressed and deformed; the first elastic cushion and the second elastic cushion are connected together through bolts and are prevented from being separated during the loading process; due to the different elastic moduli, the compression amounts of the first elastic cushion and the second elastic cushion are different, and differential settlement is caused at the two ends of the station model unit; the loads are continuously increased to make the station model unit deform until the station model unit is damaged; and the whole test process is recorded. The upper surface shape of the spliced first elastic cushion and second elastic cushion is completely matched with the lower surface shape of the bottom plate component. ​

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