A solid-state hydrogen storage system and method for hydrogen energy vehicles

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage system and method for a hydrogen vehicle. This system deeply couples the solid-state hydrogen storage device with the hydrogen vehicle. During hydrogen supply, the heat from the hydrogen fuel engine is used to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage device to provide hydrogen. During hydrogen filling, the product water from the hydrogen fuel engine is used to cool the solid-state hydrogen storage device, thereby increasing the hydrogen charge. The present invention also designs the overall operating process of the system to achieve precise regulation of the heat input to the solid-state hydrogen storage device, significantly improving the applicability of the solid-state hydrogen storage device to hydrogen vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy equipment, and in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy vehicle and a method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen, a green and efficient secondary energy source, is considered the ultimate energy source of the 21st century. Replacing traditional fuel with hydrogen and applying it to various vehicles, including aviation, shipping, and land transportation, can significantly reduce carbon emissions and propel the development of the hydrogen energy industry into a new stage.

[0003] Hydrogen vehicles primarily use two power systems: hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen fuel cell engines. Hydrogen fuel cells offer advantages in terms of high conversion efficiency, low pollution emissions, and widespread commercialization. In particular, the conversion efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells has reached over 60%, while the thermal efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell engines rarely exceeds 45%. Hydrogen fuel cell engines offer advantages in terms of low cost (approximately 10% of that of fuel cells), low hydrogen purity requirements, and the ability to be modified from existing fuel-powered engines. Furthermore, hydrogen fuel cell engines do not require a warm-up engine, avoid cold-start issues, and offer superior fuel economy.

[0004] Solid-state hydrogen storage refers to the storage of hydrogen in a solid hydrogen storage material medium by physical or chemical adsorption. It has the advantages of high volume hydrogen storage density, convenient storage and transportation, and good safety performance. Among them, the theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of the MgH2 / Mg system can reach 7.6wt%, and the volume hydrogen storage density can reach 110kg / m 3 H2, and therefore has strong application potential in the field of hydrogen vehicles. However, solid-state hydrogen storage requires external heat input during the hydrogen release process, so the overall structure needs to be designed specifically. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy vehicle, which deeply couples the solid-state hydrogen storage device with the hydrogen energy vehicle. When supplying hydrogen, the heat of the hydrogen fuel engine is used to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage device to provide hydrogen. When filling hydrogen, the product water of the hydrogen fuel engine is used to cool the solid-state hydrogen storage device to increase the hydrogen filling amount. At the same time, the overall operating process is designed to achieve precise regulation of the heat input of the solid-state hydrogen storage device, thereby greatly improving the applicability of the solid-state hydrogen storage device on the hydrogen energy vehicle.

[0006] The present invention intends to achieve the purpose of the present invention by the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen vehicle, which includes a solid-state hydrogen storage bottle, a heat circulation pipeline, a water pipeline, an air pipeline, and a dew-point indirect evaporative cooler;

[0008] The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle is filled with a hydrogen storage alloy for storing hydrogen medium. A hydrogen pipeline equipped with a hydrogen valve is inserted from the outside of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle into the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle for filling and discharging hydrogen. A heat circulation pipeline for regulating the temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy is buried inside the hydrogen storage alloy.

[0009] The dew point indirect evaporative cooler has a dry channel and a wet channel. The cold energy is generated by evaporation of water in the wet channel and then transferred to the dry channel.

[0010] The heat circulation pipeline is connected in sequence to the hydrogen storage alloy, the heat circulation control valve, the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine, the heat circulation pump, and the first regulating valve to form a circulation loop. The heat circulation working fluid flowing in the pipeline forms heat exchange contact with the hydrogen storage alloy when passing through the hydrogen storage alloy, but there is no material exchange; a bypass branch with a bypass valve and a cooling branch with a second regulating valve are provided on the heat circulation pipeline; the bypass branch is connected in parallel between the inlet end of the heat circulation control valve and the inlet end of the heat circulation pump, and is used to control the heat circulation working fluid in the heat circulation pipeline to not pass through the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine when the bypass valve is opened; the cooling branch is connected in parallel between the inlet end and the outlet end of the first regulating valve, and the cooling branch passes through the dry channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler, so that the heat circulation working fluid can absorb the cold in the wet channel to achieve cooling;

[0011] The water pipeline is connected in sequence to the product outlet of the hydrogen engine, the forced air cooler, the water collecting tank, the water valve and the wet channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler, and is used to recover the product water of the hydrogen engine in the water collecting tank and transport the collected water to the wet channel for generating cooling when the water valve is opened;

[0012] The air pipeline is sequentially connected to the air valve, the fan and the wet channel of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler, and is used to transport external air to the wet channel to promote the evaporation of internal water.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the heat cycle pipeline is filled with inert gas as the heat cycle working medium.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect above, the exterior of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle is coated with an insulating material.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the hydrogen storage alloy is a magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the heat circulation pipeline adopts a heat exchange coil inside the hydrogen storage alloy to enhance heat exchange.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the forced air cooler is installed outside the hydrogen vehicle on which the solid-state hydrogen storage system of the hydrogen vehicle is mounted, and is cooled by external airflow when the hydrogen vehicle is traveling.

[0018] As a preference of the first aspect above, the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve may be electrically controlled valves.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for solid-state hydrogen storage and supply in a hydrogen energy vehicle using the system as described in any one of the solutions of the first aspect, which comprises alternating hydrogen filling and hydrogen release stages;

[0020] The operation mode of the hydrogen filling stage is as follows:

[0021] Open the water valve and air valve, start the fan, and the liquid water pre-stored in the water collection tank first enters the wet channel through the water pipe. At the same time, the external air also enters the wet channel through the air pipe under the action of the fan. The water vapor generated by the liquid water generating cold energy through vaporization is carried away by the air and discharged directly; at the same time, open the hydrogen valve, the bypass valve, and the second regulating valve, start the heat circulation pump, and the external hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage alloy through the hydrogen pipe, and the hydrogen is stored in the form of a compound while releasing the reaction heat; and the heat circulation working medium passes through the bypass valve, the heat circulation pump, and the second regulating valve in turn to enter the dry channel, absorbs the cold energy generated by the wet channel and then cools down, and then cools the hydrogen storage alloy to absorb the reaction heat generated during the hydrogen filling; after the hydrogen storage alloy is completely filled with hydrogen, close all valves, the heat circulation pump, and the fan, and enter the hydrogen release stage;

[0022] The operation mode of the hydrogen release stage is as follows:

[0023] Open the hydrogen valve, heat cycle control valve, and first regulating valve, start the hydrogen engine and heat cycle pump, and the heat cycle working fluid in the heat cycle pipeline first enters the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine through the control valve to absorb heat and heat up, and then heats the hydrogen storage alloy through the heat cycle pump and the first regulating valve in turn. After absorbing heat, the hydrogen storage alloy begins to heat up and releases hydrogen to supply the hydrogen engine; the water vapor from the hydrogen engine enters the forced air cooler through the water pipeline for cooling, and then the water vapor begins to liquefy and is stored in the water collection tank; during operation, if it is necessary to increase the hydrogen supply, the heat cycle pump is used to increase the heat inside the heat cycle pipeline. The flow rate of the heat cycle working fluid and the heat delivered to the hydrogen storage alloy will eventually increase the amount of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage alloy; if the hydrogen supply needs to be reduced, open the water valve and air valve, start the fan, and input the liquid water in the water collection tank and the external air into the wet channel to generate cold energy by vaporizing the liquid water. Open the second regulating valve to allow part of the heat cycle working fluid to enter the dry channel through the second regulating valve, absorb the cold energy generated by the wet channel and then cool down, and then enter the heat cycle pipeline again to mix with the original heat cycle working fluid to reduce the working fluid temperature and heat input to the hydrogen storage alloy, thereby ultimately reducing the amount of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage alloy.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the opening of the second regulating valve is adjustable, thereby adjusting the temperature of the heat cycle working medium when it finally enters the hydrogen storage alloy by changing the proportion of the heat cycle working medium entering the cooling branch.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, heat is input into the hydrogen storage alloy through an external heat storage module or battery during initial startup.

[0026] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following outstanding and beneficial technical effects: a hydrogen storage and supply system is designed in which a solid-state hydrogen storage device is deeply coupled with a hydrogen fuel engine, which has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density, high hydrogen supply accuracy, high thermal efficiency, and simple operation, and greatly improves the applicability of the solid-state hydrogen storage device on hydrogen energy vehicles; in the hydrogen filling stage of the system, a forced air cooler is designed that meets the characteristics of the hydrogen energy vehicle, and is used to liquefy and store the product water of the hydrogen fuel engine when the hydrogen energy vehicle is running, and can cool the solid-state hydrogen storage device when the hydrogen energy vehicle is stationary, thereby greatly increasing the hydrogen filling amount; in the hydrogen release stage of the system, the heat of the hydrogen fuel engine is used to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage device, and while smoothly supplying hydrogen, the operating efficiency of the hydrogen fuel engine is improved and the additional energy input is reduced; based on the system structure characteristics, a specific operating process is designed to achieve efficient and controllable heat input of the solid-state hydrogen storage device, thereby improving the hydrogen supply accuracy of the solid-state hydrogen storage device to the hydrogen fuel engine and reducing the hydrogen loss rate.

[0027] The concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a solid-state hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy vehicle of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 1 Middle: solid hydrogen storage bottle 1, hydrogen storage alloy 2, hydrogen pipeline 3, hydrogen valve 4, heat circulation pipeline 5, heat circulation control valve 6, hydrogen engine 7, heat circulation pump 8, first regulating valve 9, bypass branch 10, bypass valve 11, cooling branch 12, second regulating valve 13, dew point indirect evaporative cooler 14, dry channel 15, wet channel 16, water pipeline 17, forced air cooler 18, water collection tank 19, water valve 20, air pipeline 21, air valve 22, fan 23. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected, that is, there are intermediate elements. On the contrary, when an element is said to be "directly" connected to another element, there are no intermediate elements.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features being described. Therefore, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features.

[0033] See also Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a solid-state hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy vehicle is provided. The components of the hydrogen system include a solid-state hydrogen storage bottle 1, a hydrogen storage alloy 2, a hydrogen pipeline 3, a hydrogen valve 4, a heat circulation pipeline 5, a heat circulation control valve 6, a hydrogen engine 7, a heat circulation pump 8, a first regulating valve 9, a bypass branch 10, a bypass valve 11, a cooling branch 12, a second regulating valve 13, a dew-point indirect evaporative cooler 14, a dry channel 15, a wet channel 16, a water pipeline 17, a forced air cooler 18, a water collection tank 19, a water valve 20, an air pipeline 21, an air valve 22, and a fan 23. The following describes in detail the coordination and actuation relationships between the components of the solid-state hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy vehicle.

[0034] The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle 1 is filled with a hydrogen storage alloy 2, which is capable of reversibly storing hydrogen. The hydrogen storage principle lies in the alloy reacting with hydrogen to form an alloy hydride. This reaction is a reversible process: the forward reaction absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, while the reverse reaction releases hydrogen and absorbs heat. Therefore, by varying the temperature and pressure conditions, the forward and reverse reactions can be repeated, achieving the material's hydrogen absorption and release capabilities. Numerous hydrogen storage alloys exist, and in the embodiments of the present invention, magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys, such as the MgH2 / Mg system, are preferred. The initial startup heat of the hydrogen storage alloy 2 can be generated from an external heat source. After subsequent normal operation, the heat from the hydrogen engine 7 can be reused as the heat source for hydrogen desorption. The hydrogen engine 7 can provide the necessary power for hydrogen vehicles, hydrogen aircraft, and other hydrogen-powered vehicles. The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle 1 requires thermal insulation, preferably coated with a high-strength insulating material to prevent the ambient temperature from affecting the hydrogen storage alloy.

[0035] In order to control the input and output of hydrogen, a hydrogen pipeline 3 equipped with a hydrogen valve 4 can be inserted from the outside of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle 1 into the inside of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle 1 for filling and discharging hydrogen. The hydrogen valve 4 can be set on the outside of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle 1 to facilitate control. The hydrogen pipeline 3 inputs hydrogen into the hydrogen storage alloy 2 for storage during the hydrogen filling stage, and discharges hydrogen from the hydrogen storage alloy 2 into the hydrogen engine 7 during the hydrogen release stage. The desorption of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage alloy 2 requires heat, so a thermal cycle pipeline 5 for regulating the temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy 2 is buried inside the hydrogen storage alloy 2. The thermal cycle pipeline 5 forms a heat exchange contact with the hydrogen storage alloy 2. There is good thermal conductivity between the hydrogen storage alloy 2 and the thermal cycle pipeline 5, but there is no material exchange between the two and they are isolated from each other. The heat cycle pipeline 5 increases the storage capacity of hydrogen by absorbing heat in the hydrogen storage alloy 2 during the hydrogen filling stage, and promotes the desorption of hydrogen by absorbing the waste heat of the hydrogen engine 7 and inputting it into the hydrogen storage alloy 2 during the hydrogen release stage.

[0036] The dew-point indirect evaporative cooler 14 has a dry channel 15 and a wet channel 16. Water evaporation in the wet channel 16 generates cooling energy. Since the dry channel 15 and the wet channel 16 are in heat exchange contact, the cooling energy generated by water evaporation in the wet channel 16 can be transferred to the dry channel 15. This cooling energy can be used, along with the heat from the hydrogen absorption engine 7, to regulate the temperature of the working fluid input into the hydrogen storage alloy 2.

[0037] The heat circulation pipeline 5 is connected in sequence to the hydrogen storage alloy 2, the heat circulation control valve 6, the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine 7, the heat circulation pump 8, the first regulating valve 9, and then returns to the hydrogen storage alloy 2, thereby forming a circulation loop. However, it should be noted that the heat circulation working fluid flowing in the heat circulation pipeline 5 forms heat exchange contact with the hydrogen storage alloy 2 when passing through the hydrogen storage alloy 2, but there is no material exchange. Moreover, in order to ensure the heat exchange efficiency, the heat circulation pipeline 5 is preferably in the form of a heat exchange coil inside the hydrogen storage alloy 2 to enhance the heat exchange. The heat exchange coil can provide a more efficient heat exchange form and increase the heat exchange area between the heat circulation pipeline and the hydrogen storage alloy. The heat circulation working fluid in the heat circulation pipeline 5 can be adjusted according to actual needs. Generally, the interior can be filled with an inert gas such as high-pressure nitrogen or high-pressure helium as the heat circulation working fluid.

[0038] Since the heat in the heat circulation pipeline 5 comes from the hydrogen engine 7, but its heat generation cannot be directly controlled by controlling the power of the hydrogen engine 7, it is necessary to additionally adjust the working medium temperature in the heat circulation pipeline 5 by setting corresponding branches. In the present invention, a bypass branch 10 with a bypass valve 11 and a cooling branch 12 with a second regulating valve 13 are provided on the heat circulation pipeline 5. The bypass branch 10 is installed on the inlet side of the heat circulation pump to prevent the heat circulation working medium from passing through the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine 7 when cooling the hydrogen storage alloy 2. The cooling branch 12 needs to be provided on the outlet side of the heat circulation pump 8, and the cooling branch 12 can cool the heat circulation working medium. Specifically, continue to refer to Figure 1 As shown, a bypass branch 10 is connected in parallel between the inlet of the heat cycle control valve 6 and the inlet of the heat cycle pump 8. When the bypass valve 11 is open, the heat cycle working fluid in the heat cycle pipeline 5 is prevented from passing through the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine 7. A cooling branch 12 is connected in parallel between the inlet and outlet of the first regulating valve 9. The cooling branch 12 passes through the dry channel 15 of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 14, allowing the heat cycle working fluid to absorb the cold energy in the wet channel 16 for cooling.

[0039] Water pipeline 17 sequentially connects the product outlet of hydrogen engine 7, forced air cooler 18, water collection tank 19, water valve 20, and wet channel 16 of dew-point indirect evaporative cooler 14, used to recover the product water of hydrogen engine 7 into water collection tank 19. However, it should be noted that after the product water of hydrogen engine 7 is input into water collection tank 19, it is not directly input into wet channel 16 of dew-point indirect evaporative cooler 14. Instead, the collected water is transported to wet channel 16 only when water valve 20 is opened, where it is then mixed with air input from another route and evaporated to generate cooling. The water in water collection tank 19 can be fed into wet channel 16 by gravity or other pumping methods.

[0040] In an embodiment of the present invention, the forced air cooler 18 is preferably installed outside the hydrogen vehicle on which the solid-state hydrogen storage system is mounted, so that the hydrogen vehicle can be cooled by external high-speed airflow while traveling, without the need for other cooling sources.

[0041] The air in the wet channel 16 of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 14 is introduced by an air pipeline 21, which sequentially connects an air valve 22, a fan 23 and the wet channel 16 of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 14, and is used to transport external air to the wet channel 16 to promote internal water evaporation.

[0042] In the present invention, both the first regulating valve 9 and the second regulating valve 13 are preferably electrically controlled valves to achieve automatic control. Furthermore, in practical applications, the opening of the second regulating valve 13 is adjustable, thereby adjusting the temperature of the heat circulating medium upon entering the hydrogen storage alloy 2 by varying the ratio of the heat circulating medium entering the cooling branch 12.

[0043] In another embodiment of the present invention, based on the above Figure 1 The solid-state hydrogen storage system for the hydrogen energy vehicle shown also provides a solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogen supply method for the hydrogen energy vehicle. Its operation process is mainly divided into two stages. The first stage is the hydrogen filling stage, and the second stage is the hydrogen release stage.

[0044] First, it is assumed that all valves are in a closed state, the hydrogen engine 7, the heat circulation pump 8, the fan 23 and other dynamic equipment are in a stopped state, and a certain amount of recovered liquid water is stored in the water collection tank 19.

[0045] The first stage, hydrogen filling stage:

[0046] (1) Open the water valve 20 and the air valve 22, and start the fan 23. The liquid water in the water collection tank 19 first enters the wet channel 16 through the water pipe 17. At the same time, the outside air also enters the wet channel 16 through the air pipe 21 under the action of the fan 23. The liquid water then vaporizes to generate cooling energy, and the generated water vapor is carried away by the air and directly discharged;

[0047] (2) Open the hydrogen valve 4, and the external hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage alloy 2 through the hydrogen pipeline 3, and is stored in the form of a compound, while releasing the reaction heat.

[0048] (3) Open the bypass valve 11 and the second regulating valve 13, start the heat circulation pump 8, and the heat circulation medium enters the dry channel 15 through the bypass valve 11, the heat circulation pump 8, and the second regulating valve 13 in sequence, absorbs the cold energy generated by the wet channel 16 and then cools down, and then cools the hydrogen storage alloy 2, absorbs the reaction heat generated during the hydrogen filling, and increases the hydrogen filling amount of the hydrogen storage alloy 2;

[0049] The above steps are continued until the hydrogen storage alloy 2 is completely charged with hydrogen, and then the hydrogen valve 4, the bypass valve 11, the second regulating valve 13, the water valve 20, and the air valve 22 are closed, the heat circulation pump 8 and the fan 23 are stopped, and the next hydrogen release stage is entered.

[0050] It should be noted that when the hydrogen storage alloy 2 is initially started, since the hydrogen engine 7 cannot provide sufficient heat, heat can be input into it through an external heat storage module or battery.

[0051] The second stage, hydrogen release stage:

[0052] (1) Open the hydrogen valve 4, the heat cycle control valve 6, and the first regulating valve 9, start the hydrogen engine 7 and the heat cycle pump 8, and the heat cycle working fluid in the heat cycle pipeline 5 first enters the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine 7 through the control valve 6 to absorb heat and heat up, and then heats the hydrogen storage alloy 2 through the heat cycle pump 8 and the first regulating valve 9 in sequence. After absorbing heat, the hydrogen storage alloy 2 begins to heat up and releases hydrogen to supply the hydrogen engine 7;

[0053] (2) The water vapor generated by the operation of the hydrogen engine 7 enters the forced air cooler 18 through the water pipe 17. After absorbing the cooling energy of the external high-speed airflow, the water vapor begins to liquefy and is stored in the water collecting tank 19.

[0054] If the temperature of the heat circulating medium passing through the hydrogen engine 7 is too high, it will be difficult to control the amount of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage alloy 2. The present invention can also accurately adjust the amount of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage alloy 2 through the following process. When it is necessary to increase the hydrogen supply, the operating frequency of the heat circulation pump 8 is increased, that is, the heat delivered to the hydrogen storage alloy 2 by the heat circulating medium inside the heat circulation pipeline 5 is increased, and the amount of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage alloy 2 can be increased. When it is necessary to reduce the hydrogen supply, the water valve 20 and the air valve 22 are opened, and the fan 23 is started. The liquid water in the water collection tank 19 first enters the wet channel 16 through the water pipeline 17. At the same time, the external air also enters the wet channel 16 through the air pipeline 21 under the action of the fan 23. The liquid water then vaporizes to generate cold energy, and the generated water vapor is carried away by the air and directly discharged. The second regulating valve 13 is opened, and part of the heat cycle working fluid enters the dry channel 15 through the second regulating valve 13, absorbs the cold energy generated by the wet channel 16 and cools down, and then enters the heat cycle pipeline 5 again, mixes with the original high-temperature heat cycle working fluid, and reduces the working fluid temperature input to the hydrogen storage alloy 2. The mixed working fluid continues to heat the hydrogen storage alloy 2. Since the heat delivered to the hydrogen storage alloy 2 is reduced, the amount of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage alloy 2 is ultimately reduced. The specific proportion of the heat cycle working fluid entering the wet channel 16 for cooling can be determined according to the final desired working fluid temperature input to the hydrogen storage alloy 2. The adjustment method can be adjusted by changing the opening of the second regulating valve 13. The higher the proportion of the heat cycle working fluid entering the wet channel 16 for cooling, the lower the final working fluid temperature input to the hydrogen storage alloy 2. Conversely, the lower the proportion of the heat cycle working fluid entering the wet channel 16 for cooling, the higher the final working fluid temperature input to the hydrogen storage alloy 2.

[0055] The above-mentioned first and second stages operate reciprocatingly, constituting the overall operation process of the solid-state hydrogen storage system of the hydrogen energy vehicle.

[0056] However, it should be noted that the numbering of the steps in the above-mentioned first and second stages does not specifically refer to the order of operations in actual use. It is only for distinguishing the implementation of a certain path or a certain function. In actual operation, several or a single step will be performed simultaneously according to the actual operating conditions.

[0057] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy vehicle, characterized in that: It includes a solid hydrogen storage bottle (1), a heat circulation pipeline (5), a water pipeline (17), an air pipeline (21) and a dew point indirect evaporative cooler (14); The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle (1) is filled with a hydrogen storage alloy (2) for storing hydrogen medium, and a hydrogen pipeline (3) equipped with a hydrogen valve (4) is inserted from the outside of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle (1) into the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle (1) for filling and discharging hydrogen; a heat circulation pipeline (5) for regulating the temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy (2) is buried inside the hydrogen storage alloy (2); The dew point indirect evaporative cooler (14) has a dry channel (15) and a wet channel (16) therein, wherein the cold energy generated by evaporation of water in the wet channel (16) is transferred to the dry channel (15); The heat cycle pipeline (5) is connected in sequence to the hydrogen storage alloy (2), the heat cycle control valve (6), the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine (7), the heat cycle pump (8), and the first regulating valve (9) to form a circulation loop. The heat cycle working fluid flowing in the pipeline forms heat exchange contact with the hydrogen storage alloy (2) when passing through the hydrogen storage alloy (2), but there is no material exchange; a bypass branch (10) with a bypass valve (11) and a cooling branch (12) with a second regulating valve (13) are provided on the heat cycle pipeline (5); the bypass branch (10 ) is connected in parallel between the inlet end of the heat cycle control valve (6) and the inlet end of the heat cycle pump (8), and is used to control the heat cycle working medium in the heat cycle pipeline (5) not to pass through the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine (7) when the bypass valve (11) is opened; the cooling branch (12) is connected in parallel between the inlet end and the outlet end of the first regulating valve (9), and the cooling branch (12) passes through the dry channel (15) of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (14), so that the heat cycle working medium can absorb the cold in the wet channel (16) to achieve cooling; The water pipeline (17) is connected in sequence to the product outlet of the hydrogen engine (7), the forced air cooler (18), the water collecting tank (19), the water valve (20) and the wet channel (16) of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (14), and is used to recover the product water of the hydrogen engine (7) in the water collecting tank (19) and transport the collected water to the wet channel (16) for generating cooling when the water valve (20) is opened; The air pipeline (21) is connected in sequence to the air valve (22), the fan (23) and the wet channel (16) of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler (14), and is used to transport external air to the wet channel (16) to promote the evaporation of internal water.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage system for hydrogen energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat cycle pipeline is filled with inert gas as a heat cycle working medium.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage system for hydrogen energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle (1) is externally coated with a heat-insulating material.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage system for hydrogen energy vehicles according to claim 1, wherein: The hydrogen storage alloy (2) is selected to be a magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage system for hydrogen energy vehicles according to claim 1, wherein: The heat circulation pipeline (5) uses a heat exchange coil inside the hydrogen storage alloy (2) to enhance heat exchange.

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage system for hydrogen energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forced air cooler (18) is installed outside the hydrogen vehicle on which the solid-state hydrogen storage system of the hydrogen vehicle is mounted, and is cooled by external airflow when the hydrogen vehicle is traveling.

7. The solid-state hydrogen storage system for hydrogen energy vehicles according to claim 1, wherein: The first regulating valve (9) and the second regulating valve (13) are electrically controlled valves.

8. A method for solid-state hydrogen storage and supply using a hydrogen energy carrier system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes a hydrogen filling phase and a hydrogen releasing phase that operate alternately; The operation mode of the hydrogen filling stage is as follows: Open the water valve (20) and the air valve (22), start the fan (23), and the liquid water pre-stored in the water collecting tank (19) first enters the wet channel (16) through the water pipe (17). At the same time, the external air also enters the wet channel (16) through the air pipe (21) under the action of the fan (23). The water vapor generated by the liquid water through the vaporization to generate cooling energy is taken away by the air and discharged directly; at the same time, open the hydrogen valve (4), open the bypass valve (11), and the second regulating valve (13), start the heat circulation pump (8), and the external hydrogen valve (13) The hydrogen storage alloy (2) is entered through the hydrogen pipeline (3), and hydrogen is stored in the form of a compound while releasing reaction heat; the heat cycle working medium passes through the bypass valve (11), the heat cycle pump (8), and the second regulating valve (13) in sequence and enters the dry channel (15), absorbs the cold energy generated by the wet channel (16) and then cools down, and then cools the hydrogen storage alloy (2) to absorb the reaction heat generated when the hydrogen is filled; after the hydrogen storage alloy (2) is completely filled with hydrogen, all valves, the heat cycle pump (8) and the fan (23) are closed, and the hydrogen release stage begins; The operation mode of the hydrogen release stage is as follows: Open the hydrogen valve (4), the heat cycle control valve (6), and the first regulating valve (9), start the hydrogen engine (7), and the heat cycle pump (8), and the heat cycle working fluid in the heat cycle pipeline (5) first enters the cooling channel of the hydrogen engine (7) through the control valve (6) to absorb heat and heat up, and then heats the hydrogen storage alloy (2) in turn through the heat cycle pump (8) and the first regulating valve (9). After absorbing heat, the hydrogen storage alloy (2) begins to heat up and releases hydrogen to supply the hydrogen engine (7); the water vapor of the hydrogen engine (7) enters the forced air cooler (18) through the water pipeline (17) and is cooled, and the water vapor begins to liquefy and is stored in the water collecting tank (19); during operation, if it is necessary to increase the hydrogen supply, the heat cycle pipeline (5) is increased through the heat cycle pump (8). ) and the heat delivered to the hydrogen storage alloy (2), thereby ultimately increasing the amount of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage alloy (2); if it is necessary to reduce the amount of hydrogen supplied, the water valve (20) and the air valve (22) are opened, the fan (23) is started, and the liquid water in the water collecting tank (19) and the external air are input into the wet channel (16) to generate cold energy by vaporizing the liquid water, the second regulating valve (13) is opened, and part of the heat circulating working fluid is passed through the second regulating valve (13) into the dry channel (15), and the working fluid is cooled after absorbing the cold energy generated by the wet channel (16), and then enters the heat circulation pipeline (5) again to mix with the original heat circulating working fluid to reduce the temperature and heat of the working fluid input into the hydrogen storage alloy (2), thereby ultimately reducing the amount of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage alloy (2).

9. The solid-state hydrogen storage and supply method for a hydrogen energy vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The opening degree of the second regulating valve (13) is adjustable, thereby adjusting the temperature of the heat cycle working medium when it finally enters the hydrogen storage alloy (2) by changing the proportion of the heat cycle working medium entering the cooling branch (12).

10. The solid-state hydrogen storage and supply method for a hydrogen energy vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the hydrogen storage alloy (2) is initially started, heat is input into it through an external heat storage module or battery.

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