A geological drilling apparatus for swelling shale drilling

Abstract

This invention provides a geological drilling device for drilling expansive mudstone, relating to the field of geological drilling technology. The geological drilling device of this invention includes a drilling trolley, a cooling device installed on the drilling trolley, a motor installed on the drilling trolley, a drill rod installed on the cooling device, the drill rod being drivenly connected to the output shaft of the motor, an air inlet pipe installed inside the drill rod, the air inlet pipe being fixedly connected to and communicating with the cooling device, a pressure accumulator pipe installed inside and communicating with the air inlet pipe, a first tool post and a second tool post slidably connected to the air inlet pipe, a first solenoid valve and a second solenoid valve installed on the pressure accumulator pipe, and a fixing block fixedly connected to the drill rod. This invention reduces the degree of damage to the drill bit through the alternating operation of the first and second tool posts. Simultaneously, when changing the working tool post, the first and second tool posts can clear debris and silt between the drill bits, preventing the drill bit from jamming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological drilling technology, and more specifically to a geological drilling apparatus for drilling expansive mudstone. Background Technology

[0002] Expansive mudstone is a sedimentary rock with a high organic matter content and contains high levels of clay minerals and water. When drilling through expansive mudstone, its inherent properties lead to low drilling efficiency, and may even result in the drill bit failing to advance. Furthermore, expansive mudstone rapidly turns into mud upon contact with water, forming a viscous silt that easily adheres to the drill bit and clogs drilling fluid pores, preventing cuttings from being discharged from the bottom of the borehole and causing the drill bit to jam. Additionally, the mudstone expands during drilling, compressing the drill pipe and increasing friction between it and the mudstone. This increases rotational resistance between the drill pipe and the mudstone, further reducing drilling efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the disadvantages mentioned in the background art, the present invention provides a geological drilling apparatus for drilling expansive mudstone to solve the above problems.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0005] A geological drilling apparatus for drilling expansive mudstone includes a drilling trolley, a cooling device fixedly connected to an air supply pipe, a motor, a drill rod connected to the cooling device, the drill rod being driven by the output shaft of the motor, an air inlet pipe inside the drill rod, the air inlet pipe being fixedly connected to and communicating with the cooling device, a pressure accumulator pipe inside and communicating with the air inlet pipe, a first tool holder slidably connected to the air inlet pipe, the first tool holder having circumferentially distributed drill bits, a first return spring between the first tool holder and the air inlet pipe, a first solenoid valve located between the first tool holder and the air inlet pipe in the pressure accumulator pipe, a second tool holder slidably connected to the air inlet pipe, the second tool holder having circumferentially distributed drill bits, a second return spring between the second tool holder and the air inlet pipe, a second solenoid valve located between the air inlet pipe and the second tool holder in the pressure accumulator pipe, a fixing block fixedly connected to the drill rod, and both the first and second tool holders slidably connected to the fixing block.

[0006] Preferably, the fixing block is provided with circumferentially distributed mud outlet holes, and a gap is left between the air inlet pipe and the drill rod. All the circumferentially distributed mud outlet holes are connected to the gap between the air inlet pipe and the drill rod.

[0007] Preferably, the fixing block is provided with circumferentially distributed ring cutters, which have a helical structure.

[0008] Preferably, the distance from the central axis of the fixing block to the outer surface of the circumferentially distributed ring cutter is greater than the radius of the drill rod, which is used to allow for the expansion of mudstone.

[0009] Preferably, a cone block is fixedly connected to the fixed block, the cone block is provided with circumferentially distributed air vents, a blocking plate is slidably connected inside the fixed block, a third reset spring is provided between the blocking plate and the fixed block, the elastic coefficient of the third reset spring is greater than the elastic coefficient of the first reset spring and the second reset spring, and symmetrically distributed ventilation grooves are provided inside the fixed block.

[0010] Preferably, the circumferentially distributed air vents are located between the drill bits circumferentially distributed on the first and second tool holders, for gas impacting of debris between adjacent drill bits.

[0011] Preferably, the central axis of the drill pipe, the central axis of the air inlet pipe, the central axis of the first air exchanger, the central axis of the second air exchanger, and the central axis of the accumulator are collinear.

[0012] Preferably, the air inlet pipe is provided and connected to a uniformly distributed first air exchange cylinder, the first air exchange cylinder is fixedly connected and connected to a symmetrically distributed air vent pipe, the drill rod is fixedly connected to a uniformly distributed air diffuser ring, the symmetrically distributed air vent pipe is connected to an adjacent air diffuser ring, a one-way valve is provided at the connection between the symmetrically distributed air vent pipe and the adjacent air diffuser ring, and the air diffuser ring is provided with symmetrically distributed air diffuser holes.

[0013] Preferably, the air inlet pipe is provided and connected to a uniformly distributed second air exchange cylinder, the second air exchange cylinder is provided with circumferentially distributed rotating fan blades, and the second air exchange cylinder is provided with uniformly distributed stirring shafts, all of which are inclined.

[0014] Preferably, the refrigeration device is connected to a cooling ring, and the cooling ring has evenly distributed cooling holes inside. The cooling ring is located outside the motor and is used to dissipate heat from the motor.

[0015] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are:

[0016] 1. By alternating between the first and second tool posts, the damage to the drill bit is reduced. At the same time, when changing the working tool post, the debris and silt between the drill bit are cleared to prevent the drill bit from getting stuck.

[0017] 2. By venting the gas through the vent holes distributed around the cone block, the gas impacts the gaps between the drill bits, washing away the debris attached between the drill bits and preventing excessive debris from adhering to the gaps between the drill bits, which could cause the drill bits to jam.

[0018] 3. The rotation of the fixed block drives the circumferentially distributed ring cutter to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the circumferentially distributed ring cutter increases the diameter of the borehole, thereby reserving the distance for mudstone expansion and reducing the rotational resistance of mudstone on the drill rod.

[0019] 4. By cooperating with the vent pipe and the gas diffuser ring, gas is introduced into the drilling fluid in the gap between the drill pipe and the borehole through the evenly distributed gas diffuser holes. This increases the support force of the drilling fluid on the surrounding mudstone, preventing the mudstone from expanding and squeezing the drill pipe, which would increase the friction between the drill pipe and the inner wall of the borehole and increase the rotational resistance of the drill pipe.

[0020] 5. The drilling fluid between the drill pipe and the air intake pipe is agitated by the rotation of the second air exchange cylinder and the circumferentially distributed stirring shaft to prevent the drilling fluid from getting blocked between the drill pipe and the air intake pipe, which would prevent the drilling fluid from entering the drilling site to cool the drill bit and remove debris.

[0021] 6. The gas is cooled by a refrigeration device and then discharged through the cooling ring with evenly distributed cooling holes to exchange heat with the motor, thereby reducing the large amount of heat generated by the motor during operation and transferring it to the drill rod and drill bit. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the drill pipe of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the drill rod, air inlet pipe, and fixing block of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the fixing block and the cone block of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the first ventilation cylinder and the air diffuser ring of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the second ventilation cylinder of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the cooling ring of the present invention;

[0029] in,

[0030] 101: Drilling trolley; 102: Refrigeration unit; 103: Motor; 104: Drill rod; 105: Air inlet pipe; 106: Accumulator pipe; 107: First solenoid valve; 108: First return spring; 109: First tool holder; 110: Second return spring; 111: Second tool holder; 112: Second solenoid valve; 113: Fixing block; 114: Mud outlet hole; 115: Ring cutter; 116: Conical block; 117: Air outlet hole; 118: Blocking plate; 119: Third return spring; 120: Ventilation groove; 201: First air exchanger; 202: Air pipe; 203: One-way valve; 204: Air diffuser ring; 205: Air diffuser hole; 301: Second air exchanger; 302: Rotating fan blade; 303: Stirring shaft; 401: Cooling ring; 402: Cooling hole. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Certain embodiments of the invention will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and some, but not all, of these embodiments will be shown. In fact, various embodiments of the invention can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided to enable the invention to meet applicable legal requirements.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "inner," "outer," "upper," "lower," "front," and "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] A geological drilling device for drilling expansive mudstone, such as Figures 1-4 and Figure 7As shown, the system includes a drilling rig 101, which employs existing technology. The drilling rig 101 is equipped with a cooling device 102 for cooling gas. A gas supply pipe is fixedly connected to the cooling device 102, which supplies gas to the cooling device 102. The drilling rig 101 is equipped with a motor 103, and a gear is mounted on the output shaft of the motor 103. The cooling device 102 is equipped with a drill rod 104, which is a cylindrical shell. A gear ring is mounted on the upper end of the drill rod 104, and the gear ring meshes with the gear on the output shaft of the motor 103. An air inlet pipe 105 is located inside the drill rod 104. The air inlet pipe 105 consists of a thin upper pipe and a thick lower pipe, and three baffles are installed inside the thick pipe, dividing the thick pipe 105 into four chambers. The thin pipe of the intake pipe 105 is fixedly connected to and communicates with the refrigeration device 102. A pressure accumulator 106 is installed and communicates with the thick pipe of the intake pipe 105. The pressure accumulator 106 is a cylindrical pipe and communicates with the first chamber from top to bottom of the thick pipe of the intake pipe 105. A first tool holder 109 is slidably connected to the upper part of the thick pipe of the intake pipe 105. The first tool holder 109 is located in the second chamber from top to bottom of the thick pipe of 105. The first tool holder 109 is equipped with three circumferentially distributed drill bits. A first return spring 108 is installed between the first tool holder 109 and the partition of the intake pipe 105. A first solenoid valve 107 is installed in the pressure accumulator 106 and is located between the first tool holder 109 and the partition of the intake pipe 105. A second tool holder 111 is slidably connected to the air intake pipe 105. The second tool holder 111 is located in the fourth cavity from top to bottom in the coarse section of the air intake pipe 105. The second tool holder 111 is equipped with three circumferentially distributed drill bits, and the three circumferentially distributed drill bits of the first tool holder 109 and the second tool holder 111 are alternately distributed. A second return spring 110 is installed between the second tool holder 111 and the partition of the air intake pipe 105. A second solenoid valve 112 is installed in the accumulator pipe 106, located between the partition of the air intake pipe 105 and the second tool holder 111. A fixing block 113 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the drill rod 104, and both the first tool holder 109 and the second tool holder 111 are slidably connected to the fixing block 113. Through the alternating operation of the first tool holder 109 and the second tool holder 111, the wear of the drill bit is reduced, ensuring the hardness and strength of the drill bit. Meanwhile, when the first tool post 109 and the second tool post 111 change tool posts, they clear debris and silt between the drill bits to prevent the drill bit from getting stuck. The fixing block 113 is provided with circumferentially distributed mud outlet holes 114, the diameter of which gradually increases from the upper side to the lower side of the fixing block 113, reducing the probability of drilling fluid blockage.The circumferentially distributed mud outlets 114 are located between the drill bits circumferentially distributed on the first tool holder 109 and the second tool holder 111. A gap for injecting drilling fluid is left between the air inlet pipe 105 and the drill pipe 104, and a pipe for injecting drilling fluid is provided at the upper end of the drill pipe 104 (existing technology, not shown in the figure; the main components of drilling fluid are water, basic lubricant, suspending agent, weighting agent, and pH adjuster. In addition to the above main components, drilling mud may also include additives, antifoaming agents, inhibitors, and other chemical substances to meet specific engineering needs and drilling conditions. The specific component ratio and usage method will be adjusted according to the specific drilling target and geological conditions). All the circumferentially distributed mud outlets 114 are connected to the gap between the air inlet pipe 105 and the drill pipe 104. By injecting drilling fluid into the drilling site, the temperature of the drill bit is reduced, and debris in the gaps between the drill bits is flushed out, preventing the drill bit from getting stuck. The fixing block 113 is equipped with circumferentially distributed ring cutters 115, which have a helical structure and are located between the circumferentially distributed drill bits of the first tool holder 109 and the second tool holder 111. The distance from the central axis of the fixing block 113 to the outer surface of the circumferentially distributed ring cutters 115 is greater than the radius of the drill rod 104. The rotation of the fixing block 113 drives the circumferentially distributed ring cutters 115 to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the circumferentially distributed ring cutters 115 increases the diameter of the borehole, thereby reserving the distance for mudstone expansion and reducing the rotational resistance of the mudstone to the drill rod 104. The fixing block 113 is fixedly connected to a cone block 116, which is equipped with circumferentially distributed air vents 117 facing between the circumferentially distributed drill bits of the first tool holder 109 and the second tool holder 111. A blocking plate 118 is slidably connected inside the fixing block 113. A third return spring 119 is provided between the blocking plate 118 and the fixing block 113. The elastic coefficient of the third return spring 119 is greater than that of the first return spring 108 and the second return spring 110. Two symmetrically distributed ventilation slots 120 are provided inside the fixing block 113. Gas is discharged through the vent holes 117 distributed around the cone block 116, thereby impacting the gaps between the drill bits and washing away the debris attached to the gaps between the drill bits. This prevents excessive debris from adhering to the gaps between the drill bits, which could cause the drill bits to jam. At the same time, the drill bits are cooled, reducing the rate of mudstone weathering. The cooling device 102 is connected to a cooling ring 401. The cooling ring 401 has a cavity inside, and the inner wall of the cooling ring 401 has evenly distributed cooling holes 402. The cooling ring 401 is located outside the motor 103. The gas is cooled by the cooling device 102 and then discharged through the cooling ring 401 with cooling holes 402 evenly distributed on it. It then contacts the motor 103 for heat exchange, reducing the large amount of heat generated by the motor 103 during operation and transferring it to the drill rod and drill bit.

[0035] When drilling is required in expansive mudstone, the operator drives the drilling rig 101 to the designated drilling location. Then, gas is introduced into the cooling device 102 through the gas pipeline, and the cooling device 102 is turned on to cool the gas. The motor 103 is turned on, and the output shaft of the motor 103 drives the drill rod 104 to rotate through gears and gear rings. The cooled gas in the cooling device 102 enters the cooling ring 401, and then the gas is discharged from the cooling holes 402 evenly distributed inside the cooling ring 401. The cold air discharged from the cooling holes 402 comes into contact with the motor 103 inside the cooling ring 401, and the cold air exchanges heat with the motor 103, carrying away the heat dissipated by the motor 103 during operation, reducing the large amount of heat generated by the motor 103 during operation, and transferring it to the drill rod and drill bit.

[0036] Simultaneously, the cold air inside the refrigeration device 102 enters the intake pipe 105, and the gas moves downward along the upper thin pipe of the intake pipe 105 into the lower thick pipe. When the gas moves downward along the intake pipe 105 into the accumulator pipe 106 in the thick pipe, the operator opens the first solenoid valve 107, and the gas enters the cavity between the first tool holder 109 and the partition of the intake pipe 105 along the first solenoid valve 107. As the gas enters, the gas pressure in the cavity between the first tool holder 109 and the partition of the intake pipe 105 gradually increases. At this time, the first tool holder 109 slides along the intake pipe 105 and the fixing block 113, and at the same time, the second return spring 110 is stretched. This continues until the lower partition of the cavity between the first tool holder 109 and the intake pipe 105 contacts, at which point the three drill bits axially distributed on the first tool holder 109 protrude from the fixing block 113. Then, the workers lower the drill rod 104 using the drilling trolley 101. The rotation of the drill rod 104 causes the fixing block 113 to rotate, which in turn causes the first cutter holder 109 on it to rotate. Drilling begins when the three circumferentially distributed drill bits on the first cutter holder 109 at the lower end of the rotating drill rod 104 contact the ground. Simultaneously, drilling fluid is injected into the gap between the air intake pipe 105 and the drill rod 104. The drilling fluid moves downwards through this gap, reaching the lower end of the drill rod 104 and entering the drilling site through the circumferentially distributed mud outlet holes 114. The drilling fluid cools the drill bit on the first cutter holder 109, and it also impacts and carries drilling debris out between the drill rod 104 and the borehole, preventing debris from adhering to the drill bit and causing it to jam. At the same time, the rotation of the fixed block 113 drives the circumferentially distributed ring cutter 115 to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the circumferentially distributed ring cutter 115 expands the diameter of the borehole, thereby reserving the distance when the mudstone expands, reducing the rotational resistance of the mudstone to the drill rod 104, and guiding the silt upward to avoid the accumulation of silt and debris, which could cause the drill bit to jam.

[0037] Simultaneously during drilling, the gas continues to move downwards along the air inlet pipe 105 into the interior of the fixed block 113. Since the blocking plate 118 blocks the two symmetrically distributed ventilation slots 120, the gas cannot enter the drilling area. As the gas pressure inside the fixed block 113 gradually increases, the gas pushes the blocking plate 118 to slide along the fixed block 113. At the same time, the third return spring 119 is stretched. When the blocking plate 118 slides to the ventilation slot 120 inside the fixed block 113, the gas inside the fixed block 113 continues to move downwards along the two symmetrically distributed ventilation slots 120, causing the gas to be discharged along the circumferentially distributed air outlets 117 of the cone block 116. The gas discharged along the air outlets 117 impacts the gaps between the drill bits, washing away the debris adhering to the drill bits and simultaneously cooling the drill bits to prevent excessive debris from adhering to the gaps between the drill bits, which could cause the drill bits to jam. Then, the gas enters the silt and is discharged through the gap between the drill rod 104 and the borehole.

[0038] After the first tool holder 109 has been drilling for a certain period of time, the operator stops injecting gas into the cooling device 102. At the same time, the first return spring 108 resets and drives the first tool holder 109 to reset synchronously. At this time, the gas between the air inlet pipe 105 and the first tool holder 109 is discharged by the first solenoid valve 107. The reset of the first tool holder 109 drives the three drill bits distributed around it to reset into the fixed block 113. At the same time, the reset of the third return spring 119 drives the block plate 118 to reset, and the ventilation groove 120 is sealed again. Then, the operator closes the first solenoid valve 107, opens the second solenoid valve 112, and begins injecting gas into the cooling device 102 again. At this time, the gas enters the cavity between the air intake pipe 105 and the second tool holder 111 through the cooling device 102, the air intake pipe 105, and the accumulator pipe 106. As the gas pressure in the cavity between the air intake pipe 105 and the second tool holder 111 gradually increases, the gas pushes the second tool holder 111 to slide along the air intake pipe 105. Simultaneously, the second return spring 110 is compressed until the second tool holder 111 slides to its limit contact with the fixing block 113. At this point, the three circumferentially distributed drill bits on the second tool holder 111 begin to work. Through the alternating work of the first tool holder 109 and the second tool holder 111, the degree of damage to the drill bits is reduced. Because the drill bits of the first tool holder 109 and the second tool holder 111 are alternately distributed, when changing the working tool holder, debris and silt between the drill bits can be cleared, further preventing the drill bit from getting stuck.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the air intake pipe 105 is provided with and connected to a uniformly distributed first air exchange cylinder 201. The first air exchange cylinder 201 is a cylindrical shell, and the first air exchange cylinder 201 is fixedly connected to and connected to two symmetrically distributed air vent pipes 202. The drill pipe 104 is fixedly connected to a uniformly distributed air diffuser ring 204, and both symmetrically distributed air vent pipes 202 are connected to the adjacent air diffuser ring 204. A one-way valve 203 is provided at the connection point between the symmetrically distributed air vent pipe 202 and the adjacent air diffuser ring 204. The one-way valve 203 prevents external drilling fluid from entering the air intake pipe 105 and causing blockage. The air diffuser ring 204 is provided with symmetrically distributed air diffuser holes 205, and the air diffuser holes 205 are inclined. The inclination direction of the air diffuser holes 205 is opposite to the rotation direction of the drill pipe 104, which is used to increase the rotational force of the drill pipe 104. By cooperating with the vent pipe 202 and the air diffuser ring 204, gas is introduced into the drilling fluid in the gap between the drill pipe 104 and the borehole through the evenly distributed air diffuser holes 205. This increases the support force of the drilling fluid on the surrounding mudstone, preventing the mudstone from expanding and squeezing the drill pipe 104, which would increase the friction between the drill pipe 104 and the inner wall of the borehole, and increase the rotational resistance of the drill pipe 104.

[0041] like Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the air inlet pipe 105 is equipped with and connected to a uniformly distributed second air exchanger 301. The second air exchanger 301 is a cylindrical shell, and circumferentially distributed rotating fan blades 302 are arranged inside the second air exchanger 301. The rotating fan blades 302 are inclined. The second air exchanger 301 is equipped with uniformly distributed stirring shafts 303, all of which are inclined, and the inclination direction of the stirring shafts 303 is the same as that of the rotating fan blades 302. The central axis of the drill pipe 104, the central axis of the air inlet pipe 105, the central axis of the first air exchanger 201, the central axis of the second air exchanger 301, and the central axis of the pressure accumulator pipe 106 are collinear. The drilling fluid between the drill pipe 104 and the air inlet pipe 105 is agitated by the rotation of the second air exchanger 301 and the circumferentially distributed stirring shafts 303, which prevents the drilling fluid from becoming blocked between the drill pipe 104 and the air inlet pipe 105, thus preventing the drilling fluid from entering the drilling site to cool the drill bit and remove debris.

[0042] During the above process, when the gas in the intake pipe 105 enters the uniformly distributed first air exchange cylinder 201, the gas in the first air exchange cylinder 201 enters the two symmetrically distributed air pipes 202. The gas in the two symmetrically distributed air pipes 202 then enters the gas dispersion ring 204 through the adjacent one-way valve 203. Then, the gas in the gas dispersion ring 204 enters the gap between the drill pipe 104 and the borehole through the uniformly distributed gas dispersion holes 205. The gas then enters the drilling fluid in the gap, thereby increasing the support force of the drilling fluid on the surrounding mudstone and preventing the mudstone from expanding and squeezing the drill pipe 104. This would increase the friction between the drill pipe 104 and the inner wall of the borehole, increasing the rotational resistance of the drill pipe 104. At the same time, the gas dispersion holes 205 are inclined, and the reaction force when the gas is discharged further increases the rotational force of the drill pipe 104, improving drilling efficiency.

[0043] Simultaneously, the gas in the intake pipe 105 enters the evenly distributed second air exchange cylinder 301. The gas comes into contact with the circumferentially distributed rotating fan blades 302 inside the second air exchange cylinder 301, thereby driving the circumferentially distributed rotating fan blades 302 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating fan blades 302 drives the second air exchange cylinder 301 to rotate. The rotation of the second air exchange cylinder 301 drives the circumferentially distributed stirring shaft 303 to rotate. The rotation of the stirring shaft 303 agitates the drilling fluid between the drill pipe 104 and the intake pipe 105, preventing the drilling fluid from becoming blocked between the drill pipe 104 and the intake pipe 105, which would prevent the drilling fluid from entering the drilling site to cool the drill bit and carry away debris. At the same time, the stirring shaft 303 is inclined, and when it rotates, it guides the drilling fluid downward, increasing the flow rate of the drilling fluid in the cavity between the drill pipe 104 and the intake pipe 105.

[0044] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of the geological drilling apparatus for drilling expansive mudstone according to the present invention. The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A geological drilling apparatus for swelling shale drilling, characterized by: The system includes a drilling trolley (101), which is equipped with a cooling device (102). The cooling device (102) is fixedly connected to an air supply pipe. The drilling trolley (101) is equipped with a motor (103). The cooling device (102) is equipped with a drill rod (104). The drill rod (104) is drivenly connected to the output shaft of the motor (103). An air inlet pipe (105) is installed inside the drill rod (104). The air inlet pipe (105) is fixedly connected to and communicates with the cooling device (102). An accumulator pipe (106) is installed inside and communicates with the air inlet pipe (105). A first tool holder (109) is slidably connected to the air inlet pipe (105). The first tool holder (109) is equipped with circumferentially distributed drill bits. The first tool holder (109) is connected to the air inlet pipe. A first return spring (108) is provided between the pipes (105), a first solenoid valve (107) is provided between the first tool holder (109) and the air inlet pipe (105) in the accumulator pipe (106), a second tool holder (111) is slidably connected to the air inlet pipe (105), the second tool holder (111) is provided with circumferentially distributed drill bits, a second return spring (110) is provided between the second tool holder (111) and the air inlet pipe (105), a second solenoid valve (112) is provided between the air inlet pipe (105) and the second tool holder (111), a fixed block (113) is fixedly connected to the drill rod (104), and both the first tool holder (109) and the second tool holder (111) are slidably connected to the fixed block (113); The fixed block (113) is provided with circumferentially distributed mud outlet holes (114), and there is a gap between the air inlet pipe (105) and the drill rod (104). The circumferentially distributed mud outlet holes (114) are all connected to the gap between the air inlet pipe (105) and the drill rod (104). The fixing block (113) is provided with circumferentially distributed ring cutters (115), and the circumferentially distributed ring cutters (115) have a spiral structure; The fixed block (113) is fixedly connected to the cone block (116), the cone block (116) is provided with circumferentially distributed air vents (117), the fixed block (113) is slidably connected to the blocking plate (118), and a third return spring (119) is provided between the blocking plate (118) and the fixed block (113). The elastic coefficient of the third return spring (119) is greater than the elastic coefficient of the first return spring (108) and the second return spring (110). The fixed block (113) is provided with symmetrically distributed ventilation grooves (120). An air inlet pipe (105) is provided and connected to a uniformly distributed first air exchange cylinder (201). The first air exchange cylinder (201) is fixedly connected and connected to a symmetrically distributed air vent pipe (202). The drill rod (104) is fixedly connected to a uniformly distributed air dispersion ring (204). The symmetrically distributed air vent pipe (202) is connected to the adjacent air dispersion ring (204). A one-way valve (203) is provided at the connection between the symmetrically distributed air vent pipe (202) and the adjacent air dispersion ring (204). The air dispersion ring (204) is provided with symmetrically distributed air dispersion holes (205).

2. The geological drilling device for drilling expansive mudstone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance from the central axis of the fixed block (113) to the outer side of the circumferentially distributed ring cutter (115) is greater than the radius of the drill rod (104), which is used to reserve the distance for mudstone expansion.

3. A geological drilling device for drilling expansive mudstone according to claim 2, characterized in that: The circumferentially distributed air vents (117) are located between the drill bits of the first tool holder (109) and the second tool holder (111) and are used for gas impact to remove debris between adjacent drill bits.

4. A geological drilling device for drilling expansive mudstone according to claim 3, characterized in that: The central axis of the drill pipe (104), the central axis of the air inlet pipe (105), the central axis of the first air exchanger (201), the central axis of the second air exchanger (301), and the central axis of the accumulator pipe (106) are collinear.

5. A geological drilling apparatus for drilling expansive mudstone according to claim 4, characterized in that: An air inlet pipe (105) is provided and connected to a uniformly distributed second air exchange cylinder (301). The second air exchange cylinder (301) is provided with circumferentially distributed rotating fan blades (302). The second air exchange cylinder (301) is provided with uniformly distributed stirring shafts (303). All stirring shafts (303) are inclined.

6. A geological drilling apparatus for drilling expansive mudstone according to claim 5, characterized in that: The refrigeration device (102) is connected to a cooling ring (401). The cooling ring (401) has uniformly distributed cooling holes (402) inside. The cooling ring (401) is located outside the motor (103) and is used to dissipate heat from the motor (103).

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