Sleeve-type lapping tools and grinding equipment for finishing the rolling surface of bearing rollers

Abstract

The present invention discloses a sleeve-type grinding tool and grinding equipment for fine-machining the rolling surface of bearing rollers. The grinding equipment includes a grinding tool, a main machine, and an external circulation system. The grinding tool includes a grinding sleeve and a grinding shaft. During grinding, the grinding shaft extends through the grinding sleeve and is coaxial with the grinding sleeve. The inner wall of the grinding sleeve is provided with an annular groove, and the outer periphery of the grinding shaft is provided with a group of linear grooves distributed in a circumferential array, with no fewer than three openings facing the inner circumferential surface of the grinding sleeve. The external circulation system includes a material receiving subsystem, a material feeding subsystem, a material storage station, multiple material storage units, and a control subsystem. The material storage units are used to temporarily store the bearing rollers being processed. During grinding, after the bearing rollers complete a round of grinding in the grinding processing area, they are temporarily stored in the material storage units of the external circulation system, change the order of entering the grinding processing area, and then re-enter the grinding processing area, and this cycle continues until the specified technical specifications are met. The present invention can improve the dimensional consistency of the rolling surface of the bearing rollers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a sleeve type grinding tool and grinding equipment for fine machining of the rolling surface of a bearing roller, belonging to the technical field of precise machining of bearing rollers. Background Art

[0002] Roller bearings are widely used in various types of rotating machinery. As one of the most important parts of roller bearings, the dimensional consistency of the rolling surface of the bearing roller has a significant impact on the performance of the roller bearing.

[0003] Currently, the common process for machining the rolling surface of bearing rollers involves blank forming (turning, cold heading, or rolling), rough machining (soft grinding of the rolling surface), heat treatment, semi-finishing (hard grinding of the rolling surface), and finishing. The primary method for finishing the rolling surface is centerless grinding combined with superfinishing. However, due to the inherent machining principles of centerless grinding and superfinishing, it is difficult to effectively improve the diameter dispersion of the rolling surface of bearing rollers.

[0004] Patent document CN113524018A discloses a grinding tool kit, equipment, and method for finishing the rolling surface of a cylindrical roller. The equipment includes a main machine, an external circulation system, a grinding tool kit, and a grinding tool kit fixture. The grinding tool kit includes a grinding sleeve and a grinding bar assembly. The inner surface of the grinding sleeve is provided with a cylindrical spiral groove. The grinding bar assembly includes a plurality of grinding bars with linear grooves on the front surface distributed in a circumferential cylindrical array. The external circulation system includes a collection unit, a sorting unit, a feeding unit, and a transmission subsystem. During the grinding process, the cylindrical roller's path in the external circulation system is: from the outlet of the cylindrical spiral groove, through the collection unit, the sorting unit, the feeding unit, and the entrance of the cylindrical spiral groove.

[0005] Patent document CN113601277A discloses a grinding tool kit, equipment, and method for finishing the rolling surface of a tapered roller. The equipment includes a main machine, an external circulation system, a grinding tool kit, and a grinding tool kit fixture. The grinding tool kit includes a grinding sleeve and a grinding bar assembly. The inner surface of the grinding sleeve is provided with a cylindrical spiral groove. The grinding bar assembly includes a plurality of grinding bars with linear grooves on the front surface distributed in a circumferential cylindrical array. The external circulation system includes a collection unit, a sorting unit, a feeding unit, and a transmission subsystem. During the grinding process, the path of the tapered roller in the external circulation system is: from the outlet of the cylindrical spiral groove, through the collection unit, the sorting unit, the feeding unit, and the entrance of the cylindrical spiral groove.

[0006] Patent document CN113524014A discloses a grinding tool kit, equipment, and method for finishing the rolling surface of a spherical roller. The equipment includes a main machine, an external circulation system, a grinding tool kit, and a grinding tool kit fixture. The grinding tool kit includes a grinding sleeve and a grinding bar assembly. The inner surface of the grinding sleeve is provided with a first spiral groove. The grinding bar assembly includes a plurality of grinding bars arranged in a circumferential columnar array with linear grooves or second spiral grooves on the front. The external circulation system includes a collection, sorting, feeding unit, and a transmission subsystem. During the grinding process, the cylindrical roller's path in the external circulation system is: from the outlet of the spiral groove, through the collection unit, sorting unit, feeding unit, and finally to the entrance of the first spiral groove.

[0007] The machining method disclosed in the aforementioned patent document is a precision-evolving machining method that removes more material from the rolling surface of bearing rollers with larger diameters and less material from the rolling surface of bearing rollers with smaller diameters. This is beneficial for improving the dimensional consistency of the rolling surface of bearing rollers under mass production conditions. However, the unique structure of the grinding sleeve's working surface leads to the following problems when grinding bearing rollers using this technology:

[0008] (1) The inner surface of the grinding sleeve of patent document CN113601277A is provided with a cylindrical spiral groove. Due to the existence of the helix angle of the cylindrical spiral groove, the contact line between the working surface of the grinding sleeve and the ball base surface of the big head end of the tapered roller cannot completely cover the ball base surface, resulting in that the surface accuracy of the ball base surface is affected.

[0009] (2) Regarding the grinding of spherical rollers with ball base surfaces, patent document CN113524014A provides a first spiral groove on the inner surface of the grinding sleeve and a second spiral groove on the grinding strip. Although it can ensure that the contact line between the working surface of the grinding strip and the ball base surface of the spherical roller completely covers the ball base surface, it is extremely difficult to manufacture the spiral groove on the grinding strip.

[0010] (3) Patent document CN113524014A provides a technical solution for radially inward contraction of the grinding sleeve under the condition that the grinding bar assembly has a radial expansion function, in order to compensate for the wear of the first spiral groove working surface and thus ensure the contour accuracy of the rolling surface of the spherical roller. This makes the structure of the grinding tool kit of this technical solution extremely complex, which is not conducive to the implementation of this technical solution.

[0011] (4) The inner surface of the grinding sleeve of the above-mentioned technology is provided with cylindrical spiral grooves. During the grinding process, the bearing rollers enter the grinding processing area from the entrance of the cylindrical spiral grooves, and leave the grinding processing area from the exit of the cylindrical spiral grooves after a round of grinding. The bearing rollers leaving the grinding processing area enter the grinding processing area again from the entrance of the cylindrical spiral grooves through the external circulation system for the next round of grinding. This is repeated continuously. The bearing rollers enter the grinding processing area from the entrance and leave the grinding processing area from the exit in synchronization with the grinding process. This poses a serious challenge to the quality and rhythm of roller collection, sorting and feeding of the external circulation system. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The bearing roller described in the present invention refers to a processed bearing roller. The bearing roller is a cylindrical roller or a tapered roller or a spherical roller. The spherical roller includes a symmetrical spherical roller without a spherical base surface, a symmetrical spherical roller with a spherical base surface, and an asymmetric spherical roller. The present invention classifies needle rollers as cylindrical rollers. The cylindrical roller surface is defined as including the rolling surface and the end surface of the cylindrical roller, and the geometric reference point of the cylindrical roller is defined as the geometric center of the cylindrical roller. The tapered roller surface is defined as including the rolling surface and the reference end surface of the tapered roller, the end where the spherical base surface of the tapered roller is located is the reference end of the tapered roller, and the cone angle of the tapered roller is recorded as 2 φ , define the geometric reference point of the tapered roller as the geometric center of the tapered roller. When the spherical roller is a symmetrical spherical roller without a spherical base surface, the spherical roller surface is defined to include the rolling surface and end surface of the spherical roller. When the spherical roller is a symmetrical spherical roller with a spherical base surface or an asymmetric spherical roller with a spherical base surface, the spherical roller surface is defined to include the rolling surface and reference end surface of the spherical roller. The end where the spherical base surface of the spherical roller is located is the reference end of the spherical roller. The geometric reference point of the spherical roller is defined to be the center of the largest section circle of the spherical roller. The largest section circle diameter of the spherical roller, i.e. the nominal diameter, is recorded as D The curvature radius of the axial cross-section profile of the rolling surface of the spherical roller is recorded as R c .

[0013] The conveying mechanism in the present invention is used to transport the bearing rollers from one place to another in a single-line queue and posture-controlled manner. The conveying mechanism is a conveying mechanism in the prior art such as a flat belt conveying mechanism, a double-circular belt conveying mechanism, or a conveying mechanism developed in the future that can be used for the purpose described in the present invention. The present invention does not limit the structure of the conveying mechanism.

[0014] The lifting mechanism described in the present invention is used to lift the bearing roller from a low place to a high place in a single-isolated, single-line queue, and posture-controlled manner. The lifting mechanism is a lifting mechanism in the existing technology such as a push plate lifting mechanism, a chain plate lifting mechanism, etc., or a lifting mechanism developed in the future that can be used for the purpose described in the present invention. The present invention does not limit the structure of the lifting mechanism.

[0015] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a sleeve-type grinding tool and grinding equipment for fine-machining the rolling surface of bearing rollers. The sleeve-type grinding tool and grinding equipment of the present invention not only have the ability to fine-machining the rolling surfaces of a large number of bearing rollers, but also can meet the grinding requirements of the ball base surfaces of tapered rollers and spherical rollers while simplifying the grinding tool structure, and separate the process of the bearing roller entering and leaving the grinding processing area from the grinding process, thereby alleviating the working pressure of the external circulation system while ensuring the grinding accuracy and efficiency.

[0016] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a sleeve-type grinding tool for fine machining of the rolling surface of a bearing roller, comprising a grinding sleeve and a grinding shaft; during grinding, the grinding shaft passes through the grinding sleeve, and the grinding shaft and the grinding sleeve are coaxial;

[0017] The outer circumference of the grinding shaft is provided with a group of no less than three linear grooves whose openings face the inner circumferential surface of the grinding sleeve. The linear grooves are distributed in a circular array, and the axis of the linear groove array is the axis of the grinding shaft. The groove surface of the linear groove that contacts the bearing roller during the grinding process is the linear groove working surface.

[0018] When the bearing rollers are cylindrical rollers or tapered rollers, the grinding shaft is an assembly comprising a group of not less than three grinding strips and a radial expansion component disposed at the center of the grinding shaft, wherein the linear grooves are disposed on the grinding strips; the grinding strips are fixedly connected to the radial expansion component or transitionally connected to the radial expansion component via a grinding strip mounting seat; the radial expansion component is used to drive the linear groove array disposed on the grinding strips to synchronously expand outward along the radial direction of the grinding shaft to load the grinding shaft and transmit torque between the main body of the grinding device and the grinding strips;

[0019] When the bearing roller is a spherical roller, the grinding shaft is a single shaft-like part, and the linear groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft-like part; or the grinding shaft is a component connected by multiple parts, and the component includes a base shaft and a grinding strip provided with a linear groove, and the grinding strip is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the base shaft;

[0020] The inner wall of the grinding sleeve is provided with a group of multiple coaxial annular grooves of equal diameter, the axis of the annular groove is the axis of the grinding sleeve; the groove surface of the annular groove that contacts the bearing roller during grinding is the working surface of the grinding sleeve groove;

[0021] When the bearing rollers are cylindrical rollers or tapered rollers, the grinding sleeve is a single sleeve-type part;

[0022] When the bearing roller is a spherical roller, the grinding sleeve is an assembly, comprising an outer sleeve, a group of not less than 3 grinding sleeve unit strips arranged in a circumferential array at the center of the grinding sleeve, and a radial contraction component arranged between the outer sleeve and the grinding sleeve unit strips, the annular grooves are intermittently distributed on the inner wall of the grinding sleeve composed of the front faces of the grinding sleeve unit strips, and gaps exist between adjacent grinding sleeve unit strips along the circumference of the grinding sleeve so that the grinding sleeve unit strip array can be synchronously contracted toward the center of the grinding sleeve along the radial direction of the grinding sleeve; the grinding sleeve unit strips are fixedly connected to the radial contraction component, or are transitionally connected to the radial contraction component through a grinding sleeve unit strip mounting seat; the radial contraction component is used to drive the grinding sleeve unit strip array to synchronously contract and load toward the center of the grinding sleeve along the radial direction of the grinding sleeve, and transmit torque between the main machine of the grinding equipment and the grinding sleeve unit strips;

[0023] The area enclosed by the working surface of the annular groove and the working surface of the linear groove is the grinding processing area; corresponding to each annular groove, a through opening is provided for the bearing roller to enter or leave the grinding processing area, the through opening leading to the outer wall of the upper half of the grinding sleeve, the through opening serving as both the entrance for the bearing roller to enter the grinding processing area and the exit for the bearing roller to leave the grinding processing area; the bearing roller enters the grinding processing area from the through opening or leaves the grinding processing area from the through opening in a time-sharing manner with the grinding process, and the grinding processing process is suspended during the period when the bearing roller enters or leaves the grinding processing area;

[0024] During grinding, one bearing roller is distributed at each intersection of the annular groove and the linear groove; the radial expansion component drives the linear groove array or the radial contraction component drives the grinding sleeve unit strip array to apply grinding load to the bearing rollers distributed in the grinding processing area, and the bearing rollers are in contact with the working surfaces of the annular groove and the linear groove respectively; the grinding shaft and the grinding sleeve rotate relative to each other around the axis of the grinding shaft, and at the same time, the grinding shaft and the grinding sleeve also make relative reciprocating linear motion along the axis of the grinding shaft; when the bearing rollers are cylindrical rollers or tapered rollers, the bearing rollers are in contact with the annular groove working surface and the linear groove working surface respectively; The groove working surface rotates around its own axis under the friction drive, and the bearing roller moves along the annular groove and the linear groove respectively under the pushing action of the linear groove working surface and the annular groove working surface; when the bearing roller is a spherical roller, the spherical roller rotates around its own axis under the friction drive of the linear groove working surface, and the spherical roller moves along the annular groove and the linear groove respectively under the pushing action of the linear groove working surface and the annular groove working surface; the rolling surface of the bearing roller slides relative to the annular groove working surface and the linear groove working surface respectively, thereby realizing grinding processing of the rolling surface;

[0025] When the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller, the linear groove working surface is an arc cylindrical surface that matches the rolling surface of the cylindrical roller, and it is recommended that a chip groove is provided at the bottom of the linear groove; or the linear groove is initially a V-shaped groove surface, and the linear groove working surface is formed by the wear of the V-shaped groove surface during the grinding process. The two segments of arc cylindrical surfaces match the rolling surface of the cylindrical roller; during the grinding process, the rolling surface of the cylindrical roller comes into surface contact with the linear groove working surface;

[0026] When the bearing roller is a tapered roller, the linear groove working surface is a V-shaped groove surface, and the angle between the two side planes of the V-shaped groove surface is recorded as 2 θ The symmetry plane of the V-groove surface includes the axis of the grinding shaft; during grinding, the rolling surface of the tapered roller is in line contact with the two side planes of the linear groove working surface, and the small head end of the tapered roller is adjacent to the bottom of the linear groove;

[0027] When the bearing roller is a spherical roller, the linear groove working surface is a cylindrical surface whose profile matches the axial cross-sectional profile of the spherical roller surface; during grinding, the spherical roller surface and the linear groove working surface are in line contact, and when the spherical roller has a spherical base surface, the contact line between the spherical base surface of the spherical roller and the linear groove working surface passes through the center of the spherical base surface of the spherical roller;

[0028] When the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller, the annular groove working surface is an annular groove surface whose profile matches the axial cross-sectional profile of the cylindrical roller surface; during grinding, the cylindrical roller surface and the annular groove working surface are in line contact;

[0029] When the bearing roller is a tapered roller, the annular groove working surface is an annular groove surface whose profile matches the axial cross-sectional profile of the tapered roller surface; during grinding, the tapered roller surface and the annular groove working surface are in line contact, and the contact line between the spherical base surface of the tapered roller and the annular groove working surface passes through the center of the spherical base surface of the tapered roller;

[0030] When the bearing roller is a spherical roller, the working surface of the annular groove is an annular groove surface with an axial cross-sectional profile of an arc, and the radius of the arc is equal to the maximum sectional radius of the spherical roller; during the grinding process, the rolling surface of the spherical roller and the working surface of the annular groove are in cross-line contact;

[0031] The bearing roller is placed in the linear groove as a reference object and kept in contact during grinding. Then, the geometric reference points of the bearing rollers in the same linear groove are on the same straight line, which is called the linear groove baseline. When the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller, the axis of the cylindrical roller is on the linear groove baseline. When the bearing roller is a tapered roller, the axis of the tapered roller intersects with the linear groove baseline, and the angle is recorded as γ , sin φ =sin γ ·sin θ All the linear groove baselines are on the same cylindrical surface, the cylindrical surface is called the grinding shaft base cylindrical surface, the grinding shaft base cylindrical surface is coaxial with the grinding shaft;

[0032] The bearing roller is placed in the annular groove as a reference object and kept in contact during grinding. Then, the geometric reference points of the bearing rollers in the same annular groove are on the same circumference; the circumference is called the annular groove baseline. All the annular groove baselines are on the same cylindrical surface. The cylindrical surface is called the grinding sleeve base cylindrical surface. The radius of the grinding sleeve base cylindrical surface is recorded as R 0; When the bearing roller is the spherical roller, the axis of the spherical roller and the base line of the annular groove are tangent to the center of the maximum section circle of the spherical roller, and the radius of the cylindrical surface of the grinding sleeve base is R 0= R c - D / 2;

[0033] During grinding, the base cylindrical surface of the grinding sleeve coincides with the base cylindrical surface of the grinding shaft;

[0034] During the grinding process, the bearing rollers distributed at each intersection of the annular groove and the linear groove coordinate to bear the grinding load. The bearing rollers rely on the comparison between the working surfaces of the annular groove and the working surfaces of the linear groove to produce a selective material removal effect. The bearing rollers with larger diameters bear a larger grinding load and have more material removed, while the bearing rollers with smaller diameters bear a smaller grinding load and have less material removed.

[0035] Furthermore, the radial expansion component includes a guide sleeve, a guide post and an expansion mandrel;

[0036] The circumference of the guide sleeve is provided with no less than 3 groups of radial guide structures, each group of radial guide structures includes one or more radial guide holes, and the center of the guide sleeve is provided with an axial guide hole that is slidably matched with the expansion core shaft;

[0037] The outer peripheral surface of the expansion mandrel is provided with one or more conical surfaces, or one or more pyramidal surfaces, the conical surfaces or the pyramidal surfaces are driving surfaces for the expansion mandrel to achieve radial expansion, and the expansion mandrel is coaxial with the grinding shaft;

[0038] The outer peripheral surface of the guide post is slidably engaged with the radial guide hole; the bottom surface of the guide post adjacent to one end of the expansion mandrel is the guide post bottom surface, and the guide post bottom surface is an inclined surface that slides relative to the driving surface; the other end of the guide post is fixedly connected to the grinding strip, or is transitionally connected to the grinding strip through a grinding strip mounting seat;

[0039] The guide posts connected to the same grinding strip are in the same group of guide posts. The guide posts correspond to the radial guide holes one by one. One group of guide posts corresponds to one group of radial guide structures. The number of guide posts in each group is equal to the number of the conical surfaces or the number of the pyramidal surfaces.

[0040] During grinding, the expansion mandrel moves axially along the grinding shaft, and the driving surface pushes the bottom surface of the guide column so that the guide column slides radially outward along the grinding shaft in the radial guide hole, thereby pushing the linear groove array provided on the grinding strip to synchronously expand outward along the radial direction of the grinding shaft to load, and the torque is transmitted between the main machine and the grinding strip through the interaction between the guide column and the radial guide hole.

[0041] Furthermore, the radial contraction component includes no less than 3 groups of wedge structures arranged in the center of the grinding sleeve, the wedge structures include matching static wedges and dynamic wedges, and the wedge structures are arranged between the outer sleeve and the grinding sleeve unit strip; each group of wedge structures includes one or more sets of static wedges and dynamic wedges, and one grinding sleeve unit strip is connected to a group of wedge structures; the inclined surface of the dynamic wedge slides with the inclined surface of the static wedge; when the dynamic wedge and the static wedge rely on the outer sleeve to synchronously approach each other along the axial direction of the grinding sleeve, under the action of the wedge structure, the grinding sleeve unit strip array is synchronously contracted and loaded toward the center of the grinding sleeve along the radial direction of the grinding sleeve.

[0042] At the same time, the present invention provides a grinding device for finishing the rolling surface of a bearing roller, comprising a main machine, an external circulation system and a sleeve-type grinding tool for finishing the rolling surface of a bearing roller according to the present invention, wherein the sleeve-type grinding tool is arranged horizontally;

[0043] The main machine includes a rotary component and a reciprocating linear motion mechanism;

[0044] The rotating component is used to drive the grinding sleeve and the grinding shaft to rotate relative to each other, and the reciprocating linear motion mechanism is used to drive the grinding sleeve and the grinding shaft to move reciprocating linearly relative to each other;

[0045] The external circulation system includes a material receiving subsystem, a material feeding subsystem, a material storage station, a plurality of material storage units and a control subsystem;

[0046] The storage station is used to store the storage units; the storage units are used to temporarily store the bearing rollers, and the storage units include one or more storage channels, and the bearing rollers are sequentially stored in the storage channels of the storage units in a single-line queue with axes parallel to each other and rolling surfaces close to rolling surfaces to reduce mutual collisions between the bearing rollers and avoid collision injuries; the storage channels gradually transition from the channel entrance to the channel exit from top to bottom to facilitate the unpowered rolling of the bearing rollers in the storage channels under the action of their own gravity; the storage units are the hardware basis for adjusting the order and position of the bearing rollers in the bearing roller queue in blocks under the condition that there is no physical contact between the bearing rollers loaded in different storage units, and the bearing roller queue is a closed-loop queue including all bearing rollers in the grinding processing area and the external circulation system;

[0047] The material receiving subsystem is used to load the bearing rollers leaving the exit of the grinding processing area into the unloaded material storage unit in a queue and posture-controlled manner to prevent the bearing rollers from being damaged by collision with each other;

[0048] The feeding subsystem is used to unload the bearing rollers from the storage unit selected in the storage station according to the decision of the control subsystem, and load them into the entrance in an orderly manner in a queue and posture-controlled manner according to the posture requirements of the grinding processing area for the bearing rollers, and prevent the bearing rollers from being damaged by collision with each other;

[0049] The bearing rollers in the same storage channel enter the storage channel from the channel entrance and leave the storage channel from the channel exit in the order of first-in-first-out and last-in-last-out;

[0050] The control subsystem is used to decide when to unload the bearing rollers from which storage unit; the control subsystem is the software basis for adjusting the order and position of the bearing rollers in the bearing roller queue in blocks without physical contact between the bearing rollers loaded in different storage units;

[0051] During the grinding process, the bearing rollers that have completed a round of grinding in the grinding process area leave the grinding process area from the outlet, and are temporarily stored in an unloaded storage unit and stored in the storage station. According to the decision of the control subsystem, the bearing rollers are unloaded from the storage unit selected in the storage station and sent to the grinding process area from the entrance to continue to receive grinding. The order and position of the bearing rollers sent to the grinding process area in the bearing roller queue are updated according to the decision of the control subsystem, thereby realizing the mixed replacement of the bearing rollers in blocks without physical contact between the bearing rollers loaded in different storage units.

[0052] A process in which all the bearing rollers complete one round of entering the grinding processing area from the entrance, undergoing grinding in the grinding processing area, and leaving the grinding processing area from the exit is called one grinding cycle;

[0053] The changes in the order and position of the bearing rollers in the outer circulation system that occur when the bearing rollers leave the grinding zone from the outlet change the combination of the bearing rollers that subsequently enter the grinding zone, thereby extending the selective material removal effect between the bearing rollers in the grinding zone to the entire batch of bearing rollers; with the increase in grinding cycles, the dimensional consistency of the bearing rollers continues to improve until it reaches the specified technical indicators;

[0054] In order to improve the dimensional consistency of the bearing rollers, a feeding sequence rule for loading the bearing rollers into the inlet is required, and the dynamic timing of unloading the bearing rollers from each storage unit during the grinding process is planned based on the feeding sequence rule. The feeding sequence rule can ensure that the number of grinding cycles experienced by all the bearing rollers is close, while at the same time weakening the order and position characteristics of the bearing rollers compared with each other in the grinding process area in the bearing roller queue;

[0055] On the one hand, the external circulation system is used to cope with the grinding of large quantities of bearing rollers that exceed the capacity of the grinding processing area; on the other hand, it is used to establish a logistics channel for the bearing rollers between the outlet of the grinding processing area and the entrance of the grinding processing area; and on the other hand, it is used to mix and replace the bearing rollers to weaken the order and position characteristics of the bearing rollers in the bearing roller queue.

[0056] Furthermore, the storage space of the storage unit is divided into a plurality of storage channels parallel to each other, and the storage channels are arranged obliquely relative to the horizontal plane so as to facilitate the unpowered rolling of the bearing rollers in the storage channels under the action of their own gravity; the width of the storage channel matches the axial length of the bearing rollers so as to constrain the posture of the bearing rollers when rolling in the storage channel to avoid being stuck; the upper end of the storage channel is the channel entrance, and the lower end of the storage channel is the channel exit and is provided with an exit gate; the bearing rollers are sequentially stored in the storage channel in a single-line queue, with their axes parallel to each other and their rolling surfaces close to each other; the exit gate is in an open state when the bearing rollers are unloaded from the storage channel;

[0057] The material storage units are installed in layers in the material storage station;

[0058] The material receiving subsystem includes a unloading robot, a front-station material receiving unit and a front-station transition unit;

[0059] The front-station material receiving unit and the front-station transition unit are both provided with a material storage channel consistent with that in the material storage unit;

[0060] The feeding subsystem includes a post-station transition unit, a post-station feeding unit and a loading robot;

[0061] The post-station transition unit and the post-station feeding unit are both provided with a storage channel consistent with that in the storage unit;

[0062] The loading robot and the unloading robot are both provided with a group of parallel arranged finger-shaped grippers, the ends of the finger-shaped grippers are provided with suction cups for adsorbing the bearing rollers, and the suction cups are vacuum suction cups or electromagnetic suction cups;

[0063] Whenever the bearing roller in the grinding processing area completes a round of grinding processing, unloading and loading work is carried out once; the grinding shaft is rotated until a certain linear groove is opposite to the through-port, and the finger-shaped clamp of the unloading robot is respectively inserted into each through-port, and a bearing roller located in the linear groove is adsorbed and taken out from each through-port in parallel, and then the bearing rollers are respectively placed in each storage channel of the station front receiving unit or placed on the conveying mechanism. The bearing rollers placed on the conveying mechanism pass through the conveying mechanism and enter each storage channel of the station front receiving unit; the finger-shaped clamp of the loading robot enters the station rear feeding unit from the station rear feeding unit Each storage channel of the grinding machine simultaneously absorbs and takes out a bearing roller, and then places the bearing roller into the linear groove through each opening according to the posture requirement of the grinding processing area for the bearing roller, and the finger-shaped clamp withdraws from the opening; the grinding shaft is continued to rotate until the next linear groove is opposite to the opening, and the above operation is repeated until all the bearing rollers of the previous round of grinding processing are unloaded from the grinding processing area and the subsequent bearing rollers are loaded, and the grinding process continues; during each round of grinding processing, the average material removal amount of the bearing roller in the diameter direction must be controlled within 0.5 microns;

[0064] When the pre-station material receiving unit is fully loaded with the bearing rollers, the channel entrance of the pre-station transition unit is connected to the channel exit of the pre-station material receiving unit, and all the bearing rollers in the pre-station material receiving unit are transferred to the storage channel of the pre-station transition unit in a rolling manner, and the storage channel of the pre-station material receiving unit is emptied; the channel exit of the fully loaded pre-station transition unit is connected to the channel entrance of the empty storage unit in the storage station, and all the bearing rollers in the pre-station transition unit are loaded into the storage channel of the storage unit in a rolling manner;

[0065] According to the decision of the control subsystem, the channel entrance of the post-station transition unit is connected to the channel exit of the selected storage unit in the storage station, and all the bearing rollers in the storage unit are unloaded to the storage channel of the post-station transition unit in a rolling manner, and the storage channel of the storage unit is emptied; the channel exit of the fully loaded post-station transition unit is connected to the channel entrance of the post-station feeding unit, and all the bearing rollers in the post-station transition unit are transferred to the storage channel of the post-station feeding unit in a rolling manner.

[0066] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0067] For tapered rollers, the combination of the annular groove and the linear groove of the sleeve-type grinding tool of the present invention can ensure that the contact line between the working surface of the grinding tool and the tapered roller or spherical roller can completely cover the large end spherical base surface of the tapered roller and the spherical base surface of the spherical roller, thereby facilitating the improvement of the surface shape accuracy of the spherical base surface of the tapered roller and the spherical base surface of the spherical roller. For spherical rollers, the structure of the sleeve-type grinding tool of the present invention is relatively simple, which is conducive to the promotion of the spherical roller circulation grinding technology. For cylindrical rollers or tapered rollers or spherical rollers, the sleeve-type grinding tool and grinding equipment of the present invention separate the process of the bearing roller entering and leaving the grinding processing area from the grinding process, which can effectively reduce the working pressure of the external circulation system while ensuring the grinding accuracy and efficiency, and is conducive to reducing the difficulty of implementing the bearing roller circulation grinding technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional structure of the cylindrical roller;

[0069] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional structure of the tapered roller;

[0070] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional structure of a symmetrical spherical roller without a spherical base surface;

[0071] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional structure of a spherical roller with a symmetrical spherical base surface;

[0072] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional structure of an asymmetric spherical roller with a spherical base surface;

[0073] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional structure of the needle roller;

[0074] Figure 7-1 It is a schematic diagram of the radial expansion component of the conical driving surface;

[0075] Figure 7-2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a radially expanded component of a conical driving surface;

[0076] Figure 8-1 It is a schematic diagram of the radial expansion component of the pyramid driving surface;

[0077] Figure 8-2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a radial expansion component of a pyramid driving surface;

[0078] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a single-part grinding shaft;

[0079] Figure 10 Yes, the grinding shaft component is schematically shown;

[0080] Figure 11-1 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding sleeve assembly;

[0081] Figure 11-2 1. It is a cross-sectional view of the grinding sleeve assembly;

[0082] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the entrance and exit of the grinding processing area;

[0083] Figure 13 This is a diagram showing the distribution of cylindrical rollers in the grinding area during grinding.

[0084] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the linear groove structure that matches the cylindrical roller;

[0085] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the linear groove structure that matches the cylindrical roller;

[0086] Figure 16 It is a schematic diagram of the contact between the rolling surface of the tapered roller and the working surface of the linear groove;

[0087] Figure 17 It is a schematic diagram of the contact between the spherical roller surface and the linear groove working surface;

[0088] Figure 18 It is a schematic diagram of the contact between the tapered roller surface and the working surface of the annular groove;

[0089] Figure 19 It is a schematic diagram of the contact between the rolling surface of the spherical roller and the working surface of the annular groove;

[0090] Figure 20 It is a schematic diagram of the linear groove base and the grinding shaft base cylindrical surface;

[0091] Figure 21 It is a schematic diagram of the circular groove base line and the cylindrical surface of the grinding sleeve base;

[0092] Figure 22 It is a schematic diagram of the storage channel of the storage unit;

[0093] Figure 23 It is a schematic diagram of the operation of the material storage station, material receiving subsystem and material feeding subsystem;

[0094] Figure 24 It is a diagram of the unloading robot taking out the tapered roller from the outlet and placing it on the conveyor belt.

[0095] In the picture:

[0096] 11- cylindrical roller; 12- tapered roller; 13- spherical roller; 14- axis of bearing roller; 15- rolling surface; 16- reference end surface; 17- end surface; 18- maximum section circle;

[0097] 2 - grinding shaft; 22 - grinding shaft axis; 23 - grinding strip; 25 - linear groove; 251 - linear groove baseline; 252 - grinding shaft base cylindrical surface; 253 - chip flute; 254 - symmetry plane; 255 - linear groove contact line; 26 - guide post; 261 - outer peripheral surface of guide post; 262 - bottom surface of guide post; 27 - guide sleeve; 271 - radial guide hole; 272 - axial guide hole; 28 - expansion mandrel; 281 - conical surface; 282 - pyramidal surface;

[0098] 3-grinding sleeve; 31-grinding sleeve axis; 33-annular groove; 34-annular groove baseline; 341-grinding sleeve base cylindrical surface; 35-annular groove contact line; 36-grinding sleeve unit bar; 37-outer sleeve; 38-static wedge; 39-dynamic wedge;

[0099] 41-entrance; 42-exit;

[0100] 5-External circulatory system;

[0101] 61- material storage unit; 62- exit gate; 63- material storage channel; 74- conveyor belt; 78- material receiving unit before station; 79- transition unit before station;

[0102] 81-post-station transition unit; 82-post-station feeding unit;

[0103] 93- finger gripper; 94- suction cup;

[0104] O-center of the largest cut circle; P-geometric center; D - Nominal diameter of the bearing rollers; R 0-the radius of the cylindrical surface of the grinding sleeve base; R c - the radius of curvature of the axial cross-section profile of the rolling surface; 2 φ - cone angle of tapered roller; 2 θ -The angle between the two side planes of the V-groove surface; γ -The angle between the axis of the tapered roller and the axis of the grinding sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0105] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the dimensions, materials, shapes, and relative arrangements of the components described in the following embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention to these dimensions, materials, and relative arrangements, unless otherwise specified.

[0106] The bearing rollers described in this invention refer to machined bearing rollers. These bearing rollers can be cylindrical rollers 11, tapered rollers 12, or spherical rollers 13. Spherical rollers 13 include symmetrical spherical rollers without a spherical base surface, symmetrical spherical rollers with a spherical base surface, and asymmetric spherical rollers with a spherical base surface. In this invention, needle rollers are classified as cylindrical rollers 11. Figure 1 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional structure of the cylindrical roller 11 , where the cylindrical roller surface is defined to include the rolling surface 15 and the end surface 17 of the cylindrical roller 11 , and the geometric reference point of the cylindrical roller 11 is defined to be the geometric center P of the cylindrical roller 11 . Figure 2 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional structure of the tapered roller 12. The tapered roller surface is defined as comprising the rolling surface 15 and the reference end surface 16 of the tapered roller 12. The end where the spherical base surface of the tapered roller 12 is located is the reference end of the tapered roller 12. The cone angle of the tapered roller 12 is 2 φ , the geometric reference point of the tapered roller 12 is defined as the geometric center P of the tapered roller 12. Figure 3 The two-dimensional structure diagram of the symmetrical spherical roller without a spherical base surface is shown in Figure 2. Figure 4 The diagram shows the two-dimensional structure of a spherical roller with a symmetrical spherical base surface. Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the two-dimensional structure of an asymmetric spherical roller with a spherical base surface. When the spherical roller 13 is a symmetric spherical roller without a spherical base surface, the spherical roller surface is defined to include the rolling surface 15 and the end surface 17 of the spherical roller 13. When the spherical roller 13 is a symmetric spherical roller with a spherical base surface or an asymmetric spherical roller with a spherical base surface, the spherical roller surface is defined to include the rolling surface 15 and the reference end surface 16 of the spherical roller 13. The end where the spherical base surface of the spherical roller 13 is located is the reference end of the spherical roller 13. The geometric reference point of the spherical roller 13 is defined as the center O of the maximum cross-section 18 of the spherical roller 13. The maximum cross-section diameter of the spherical roller 13, i.e., the nominal diameter, is recorded as D The curvature radius of the axial cross-section profile of the rolling surface 15 of the spherical roller 13 is recorded as R c . Figure 6 The figure shows the two-dimensional structure of the needle roller. Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the nominal diameter of the bearing roller is D .

[0107] The conveying mechanism in the present invention is used to transport the bearing rollers from one place to another in a single-line queue and posture-controlled manner. The conveying mechanism is a conveying mechanism in the prior art such as a flat belt conveying mechanism, a double-circular belt conveying mechanism, or a conveying mechanism developed in the future that can be used for the purpose described in the present invention. The present invention does not limit the structure of the conveying mechanism.

[0108] The lifting mechanism described in the present invention is used to lift the bearing roller from a low place to a high place in a single-isolated, single-line queue, and posture-controlled manner. The lifting mechanism is a lifting mechanism in the existing technology such as a push plate lifting mechanism, a chain plate lifting mechanism, etc., or a lifting mechanism developed in the future that can be used for the purpose described in the present invention. The present invention does not limit the structure of the lifting mechanism.

[0109] Lapping tool example: a sleeve-type lapping tool for finishing the rolling surface of a bearing roller

[0110] The shaft sleeve type grinding tool comprises a grinding sleeve 3 and a grinding shaft 2. During grinding, the grinding shaft 2 passes through the grinding sleeve 3, and the grinding shaft 2 and the grinding sleeve 3 are coaxial.

[0111] The outer circumference of the grinding shaft 2 is provided with a set of no fewer than three linear grooves 25, each opening facing the inner circumferential surface of the grinding sleeve 3. These linear grooves 25 are arranged in a circular array, with the axis of the linear groove array being the axis 22 of the grinding shaft. The groove surfaces of the linear grooves 25 that come into contact with the bearing rollers during the grinding process are the linear groove working surfaces.

[0112] When the bearing rollers are cylindrical rollers 11 or tapered rollers 12, the grinding shaft 2 is an assembly comprising a set of at least three grinding strips 23 and a radial expansion member disposed at the center of the grinding shaft 2. The linear grooves 25 are disposed on the grinding strips 23. The grinding strips 23 are fixedly connected to the radial expansion member or transitionally connected to the radial expansion member via a grinding strip mounting seat. The radial expansion member is used to drive the linear groove array disposed on the grinding strips 23 to synchronously expand outward along the radial direction of the grinding shaft 2, thereby applying load and transmitting torque between the grinding device's main unit and the grinding strips 23.

[0113] The radial expansion component includes a guide sleeve 27, a guide column 26 and an expansion mandrel 28. Figure 7-1 、 Figure 7-2 、 Figure 8-1 and Figure 8-2 shown.

[0114] The circumference of the guide sleeve 27 is provided with at least three groups of radial guide structures, each group of radial guide structures includes one or more radial guide holes 271, and the center of the guide sleeve 27 is provided with an axial guide hole 272 that slides with the expansion core shaft 28. Figure 7-1 、 Figure 7-2 、 Figure 8-1 and Figure 8-2 As shown, the circumference of the guide sleeve 27 is provided with 6 groups of radial guide structures, each group including 3 radial guide holes 271.

[0115] The outer peripheral surface of the expansion mandrel 28 is provided with one or more conical surfaces 281, or one or more pyramidal surfaces 282, and the conical surfaces 281 or the pyramidal surfaces 282 are driving surfaces for the expansion mandrel 28 to achieve radial expansion. The expansion mandrel 28 is coaxial with the grinding shaft 2. Figure 7-1 and Figure 7-2 As shown in FIG, the outer circumferential surface of the expansion mandrel 28 is provided with three conical surfaces 281. As shown in FIG, the outer circumferential surface of the expansion mandrel 28 is provided with three pyramidal surfaces 282.

[0116] The outer circumferential surface 261 of the guide post slidably engages with the radial guide hole 271. The bottom surface of the guide post 26, adjacent to one end of the expansion mandrel 28, is a guide post bottom surface 262. This bottom surface 262 is an inclined surface that slides relative to the drive surface. The other end of the guide post 26 is fixedly connected to the grinding bar 23 or transitionally connected to the grinding bar 23 via a grinding bar mounting seat.

[0117] The guide pillars 26 connected to the same grinding strip 23 are the same group of guide pillars 26. The guide pillars 26 correspond one-to-one to the radial guide holes 271. A group of guide pillars 26 corresponds to a group of radial guide structures. The number of guide pillars 26 in each group is equal to the number of the conical surfaces 281 or the number of the pyramidal surfaces 282.

[0118] During grinding, the expansion mandrel 28 moves along the axial direction of the grinding shaft 2, and the driving surface pushes the guide column bottom surface 262 so that the guide column 26 slides radially outward in the radial guide hole 271 along the grinding shaft 2, thereby pushing the linear groove array provided on the grinding strip 23 to expand outward synchronously along the radial direction of the grinding shaft 2 and load, and transmits torque between the main body of the grinding equipment and the grinding strip 23 through the interaction between the guide column 26 and the radial guide hole 271.

[0119] When the bearing roller is a spherical roller 13, the grinding shaft 2 is a single shaft part, such as Figure 9 As shown, the linear groove 25 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft part. Or the grinding shaft 2 is a component formed by connecting multiple parts, such as Figure 10As shown, the component includes a base shaft and a grinding strip 23 provided with a linear groove 25, and the grinding strip 23 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the base shaft.

[0120] The inner wall of the grinding sleeve 3 is provided with a plurality of coaxial annular grooves 33 of equal diameter, the axis of the annular groove 33 being the axis 31 of the grinding sleeve. The groove surface of the annular groove 33 that contacts the bearing roller during grinding is the annular groove working surface.

[0121] When the bearing rollers are cylindrical rollers 11 or tapered rollers 12 , the grinding sleeve 3 is a single sleeve-like part.

[0122] When the bearing roller is a spherical roller 13, the grinding sleeve 3 is a component, such as Figure 11-1 and Figure 11-2 As shown, the grinding sleeve 3 includes an outer sleeve 37, a group of no less than three grinding sleeve unit bars 36 arranged in a circumferential array at the center of the grinding sleeve 3, and a radial contraction component disposed between the outer sleeve 37 and the grinding sleeve unit bars 36. Annular grooves 33 are intermittently distributed on the inner wall of the grinding sleeve 3, which is formed by the front faces of each grinding sleeve unit bar 36. Gaps exist between adjacent grinding sleeve unit bars 36 along the circumference of the grinding sleeve 3 to facilitate the synchronous contraction of the grinding sleeve unit bar array along the radial direction of the grinding sleeve 3 toward the center of the grinding sleeve 3. As shown in the figure, the grinding sleeve unit bar array comprises six grinding sleeve unit bars 36. The grinding sleeve unit bars 36 are fixedly connected to the radial contraction component or transitionally connected to the radial contraction component via a grinding sleeve unit bar mounting seat. The radial contraction component is used to drive the grinding sleeve unit bar array to synchronously contract toward the center of the grinding sleeve 3 along the radial direction of the grinding sleeve 3, applying load and transmitting torque between the main body of the grinding equipment and the grinding sleeve unit bars 36.

[0123] The radial contraction component includes at least three groups of wedge-shaped structures disposed in the center of the grinding sleeve 3. The wedge-shaped structures include matched static wedges 38 and dynamic wedges 39. The wedge-shaped structures are arranged between the outer sleeve 37 and the grinding sleeve unit bar 36. Each group of wedge-shaped structures includes one or more sets of static wedges 38 and dynamic wedges 39, and one grinding sleeve unit bar 36 is connected to a group of wedge-shaped structures. Figure 11-1 and Figure 11-2Each set of wedge structures shown in the figure consists of only one set of static wedges 38 and dynamic wedges 39. The static wedges 38 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer sleeve 37, and the grinding sleeve unit strips 36 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the dynamic wedges 39. The inclined surface of the dynamic wedges 39 slides with the inclined surface of the static wedges 38. When the dynamic wedges 39 and the static wedges 38 synchronously approach each other along the axis of the grinding sleeve 3 by relying on the outer sleeve 37, the grinding sleeve unit strip array is subjected to synchronous contraction and loading along the radial direction of the grinding sleeve 3 toward the center of the grinding sleeve 3 under the action of the wedge structure.

[0124] The area enclosed by the working surface of the annular groove and the working surface of the linear groove is the grinding processing area. Figure 12 As shown, corresponding to each annular groove 33, an entrance 41 for the bearing roller to enter the grinding zone is provided, which leads to the outer wall of the upper half of the grinding sleeve 3. The entrance 41 is also the exit 42 for the bearing roller to leave the grinding zone. The bearing roller enters the grinding zone from the entrance 41 or leaves the grinding zone from the exit 42 in a time-sharing manner with the grinding process. The grinding process is suspended during the period when the bearing roller enters or leaves the grinding zone.

[0125] like Figure 13 As shown, during grinding, one bearing roller is distributed at each intersection of the annular groove 33 and the linear groove 25. The radial expansion component drives the linear groove array or the radial contraction component drives the grinding sleeve unit strip array to apply grinding loads to the bearing rollers distributed in the grinding processing area. The bearing rollers come into contact with the working surfaces of the annular groove and the linear groove, respectively. The grinding shaft 2 and the grinding sleeve 3 rotate relative to each other around the axis 22 of the grinding shaft. At the same time, the grinding shaft 2 and the grinding sleeve 3 also perform relative reciprocating linear motion along the axis 22 of the grinding shaft. When the bearing rollers are cylindrical rollers 11 or tapered rollers 12, the bearing rollers rotate around their own axes driven by the friction of the annular groove working surface. At the same time, the bearing rollers move along the annular groove 33 and the linear groove 25, respectively, under the pushing action of the linear groove working surface and the annular groove working surface. When the bearing roller is a spherical roller 13, it rotates about its own axis due to the friction of the linear groove working surface. Simultaneously, the spherical roller moves along the annular groove 33 and linear groove 25, respectively, under the pushing action of the linear groove working surface and the annular groove working surface. The rolling surface 15 of the bearing roller slides relative to the annular groove working surface and the linear groove working surface, respectively, thereby achieving grinding of the rolling surface 15.

[0126] When the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller 11, the linear groove working surface is an arc cylindrical surface that matches the rolling surface 15 of the cylindrical roller. It is recommended that a chip groove 253 be provided at the bottom of the linear groove 25. Figure 14 Or the initial state of the linear groove 25 is a V-shaped groove surface, and the linear groove working surface is formed by the wear of the V-shaped groove surface during the grinding process, which is consistent with the rolling surface 15 of the cylindrical roller. Figure 15 During the grinding process, the rolling surface 15 of the cylindrical roller comes into surface contact with the working surface of the linear groove, as shown in FIG. Figure 14 shown.

[0127] When the bearing roller is a tapered roller 12, as Figure 16 As shown, the linear groove working surface is a V-shaped groove surface, and the angle between the two side planes of the V-shaped groove surface is 2 θ The symmetry plane 254 of the V-groove surface includes the axis 22 of the grinding shaft. During grinding, the rolling surface 15 of the tapered roller makes line contact with the two side planes of the linear groove working surface. Reference numeral 255 indicates the contact line between the rolling surface 15 of the tapered roller and the two side planes of the linear groove working surface. The small end of the tapered roller 12 is adjacent to the groove bottom of the linear groove 25.

[0128] When the bearing roller is a spherical roller 13, the linear groove working surface is a cylindrical surface whose profile matches the axial cross-sectional profile of the spherical roller surface. During grinding, the spherical roller surface and the linear groove working surface come into line contact. When the spherical roller 13 has a spherical base surface, the contact line between the spherical base surface and the linear groove working surface passes through the center of the spherical base surface of the spherical roller 13. Figure 17 The spherical roller 13 shown is an asymmetric spherical roller with a spherical base surface. The reference numeral 255 indicates the contact line between the spherical roller surface and the linear groove working surface, wherein the contact line of the spherical base surface portion passes through the center of the spherical base surface of the spherical roller 13.

[0129] When the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller 11, the annular groove working surface is an annular groove surface whose profile matches the axial cross-section profile of the cylindrical roller surface. During grinding, the cylindrical roller surface and the annular groove working surface are in line contact.

[0130] When the bearing roller is a tapered roller 12, the annular groove working surface is an annular groove surface whose profile matches the axial cross-section profile of the tapered roller surface. During grinding, the tapered roller surface and the annular groove working surface come into line contact, and the contact line between the spherical base surface of the tapered roller 12 and the annular groove working surface passes through the center of the spherical base surface of the tapered roller 12. Figure 18 As shown, reference numeral 35 indicates the contact line between the tapered roller surface and the working surface of the annular groove, wherein the contact line of the spherical base surface portion passes through the center of the spherical base surface of the tapered roller 12 .

[0131] When the bearing roller is a spherical roller 13, the working surface of the annular groove is an annular groove surface with an axial cross-section profile of an arc, and the radius of the arc is equal to the maximum cut-off radius of the spherical roller 13. During the grinding process, the rolling surface 15 of the spherical roller and the working surface of the annular groove come into cross-line contact, such as Figure 19 As shown, reference numeral 35 indicates the contact line between the rolling surface 15 of the spherical roller and the working surface of the annular groove, and the contact line is a cross contact line.

[0132] The bearing roller is placed as a reference object in the linear groove 25 and kept in contact during the grinding process. Then, the geometric reference points of the bearing rollers in the same linear groove 25 are on the same straight line, which is called the linear groove baseline 251. When the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller 11, the axis 14 of the cylindrical roller 11 is on the linear groove baseline 251. Figure 20 When the bearing roller is a tapered roller 12, the axis 14 of the tapered roller 12 intersects with the linear groove baseline 251, and the angle is recorded as γ , sin φ =sin γ ·sin θ ,like Figure 16 All the linear groove base lines 251 are on the same cylindrical surface, which is called the grinding shaft base cylindrical surface 252 , and the grinding shaft base cylindrical surface 252 is coaxial with the grinding shaft 2 .

[0133] The bearing roller is placed in the annular groove 33 as a reference and kept in contact with the grinding process. Figure 21 As shown, the geometric reference points of the bearing rollers in the same annular groove 33 are on the same circumference. The circumference is called the annular groove baseline 34. All the annular groove baselines 34 are on the same cylindrical surface. The cylindrical surface is called the grinding sleeve base cylindrical surface 341. The radius of the grinding sleeve base cylindrical surface 341 is recorded as R 0. As Figure 19As shown, when the bearing roller is the spherical roller 13, the axis 14 of the spherical roller 13 and the grinding ring groove baseline 34 are tangent to the center O of the maximum section circle 18 of the spherical roller 13, and the radius of the grinding sleeve base cylindrical surface 341 is R 0= R c - D / 2.

[0134] During grinding, the grinding sleeve base cylindrical surface 341 coincides with the grinding shaft base cylindrical surface 252 .

[0135] During the grinding process, the bearing rollers distributed at the intersections of the annular groove 33 and the linear groove 25 coordinate to bear the grinding load. The bearing rollers rely on the comparison between the working surfaces of the annular groove and the working surfaces of the linear groove to produce a selective material removal effect. The bearing rollers with larger diameters bear a larger grinding load and have more material removed, while the bearing rollers with smaller diameters bear a smaller grinding load and have less material removed.

[0136] Grinding equipment embodiment: A grinding equipment for finishing the rolling surface of a bearing roller

[0137] The grinding equipment includes a main machine, an external circulation system 5 and a sleeve-type grinding tool as described in the grinding tool embodiment, and the sleeve-type grinding tool is arranged horizontally.

[0138] The main machine includes a rotating component and a reciprocating linear motion mechanism.

[0139] The rotating component is used to drive the grinding sleeve 3 and the grinding shaft 2 to rotate relative to each other, and the reciprocating linear motion mechanism is used to drive the grinding sleeve 3 and the grinding shaft 2 to move relative to each other.

[0140] The external circulation system 5 includes a material receiving subsystem, a material feeding subsystem, a material storage station, a plurality of material storage units 61 and a control subsystem.

[0141] The storage station is used to store the storage unit 61. The storage unit 61 is used to temporarily store the bearing rollers. The storage unit 61 includes one or more storage channels 63. The bearing rollers are sequentially stored in the storage channels 63 of the storage unit 61 in a single-line queue, with their axes parallel to each other and their rolling surfaces 15 close to each other, to reduce collisions between the bearing rollers and avoid damage from collisions. The storage channels 63 gradually transition from the channel entrance to the channel exit from top to bottom, facilitating the unpowered rolling of the bearing rollers within the storage channels 63 under the action of their own gravity. The storage unit 61 is the hardware foundation for adjusting the order and position of the bearing rollers in the bearing roller queue in blocks without physical contact between the bearing rollers loaded in different storage units 61. The bearing roller queue is a closed-loop queue that includes all bearing rollers in the grinding processing area and the external circulation system 5.

[0142] like Figure 22 As shown, the storage space of the storage unit 61 is divided into a plurality of storage channels 63 parallel to each other. The storage channels 63 are arranged obliquely relative to the horizontal plane to facilitate the unpowered rolling of the bearing rollers in the storage channels 63 under the action of their own gravity. The width of the storage channel 63 matches the axial length of the bearing rollers to constrain the posture of the bearing rollers when rolling in the storage channel 63 to avoid being stuck. The upper end of the storage channel 63 is the channel entrance, and the lower end of the storage channel 63 is the channel exit and is provided with an exit gate 62. The bearing rollers are sequentially stored in the storage channel 63 in a single-line queue, with the axes parallel to each other and the rolling surfaces 15 close to the rolling surfaces 15. When the bearing rollers are unloaded from the storage channel 63, the exit gate 62 is in an open state.

[0143] like Figure 23 As shown, the storage units 61 are installed in layers in the storage station.

[0144] The material receiving subsystem is used to load the bearing rollers leaving the outlet 42 into the empty storage unit 61 in a queue and posture-controlled manner to prevent the bearing rollers from being damaged by collisions with each other.

[0145] The material receiving subsystem includes a unloading robot, a pre-station material receiving unit 78, and a pre-station transition unit 79.

[0146] The pre-station material receiving unit 78 and the pre-station transition unit 79 are both provided with a material storage channel 63 consistent with that in the material storage unit 61 .

[0147] The feeding subsystem is used to unload the bearing rollers from the storage unit 61 selected in the storage station according to the decision of the control subsystem, and load them into the entrance 41 in an orderly manner according to the posture requirements of the grinding processing area for the bearing rollers in a queue and posture-controlled manner, and avoid the bearing rollers from being damaged by collisions with each other.

[0148] The feeding subsystem includes a loading robot, a post-station transition unit 81 , and a post-station feeding unit 82 .

[0149] The post-station transition unit 81 and the post-station feeding unit 82 are both provided with a storage channel 63 consistent with that in the storage unit 61 .

[0150] The loading robot and the unloading robot are both provided with a set of parallel arranged finger-shaped grippers 93, and the ends of the finger-shaped grippers 93 are provided with suction cups 94 to absorb the bearing rollers. Figure 24 As shown, the suction cup 94 is a vacuum suction cup or an electromagnetic suction cup.

[0151] Each time the bearing rollers in the grinding area complete a round of grinding, unloading and loading are performed. The grinding shaft 2 is rotated until a linear groove 25 faces the outlet 42. The finger-shaped grippers 93 of the unloading robot are inserted into each outlet 42, and a bearing roller located in the linear groove 25 is sucked and taken out from each outlet 42 in parallel. The bearing rollers are then placed in the storage channels 63 of the front-end receiving unit 78 or in the conveying mechanism (such as Figure 24 As shown, the unloading robot is placing the tapered rollers 12 removed from the outlet 42 onto the conveyor belt 74. The bearing rollers placed on the conveyor mechanism then pass through the conveyor mechanism and enter the various storage channels 63 of the pre-station receiving unit 78. The loading robot's finger grippers 93 simultaneously pick up and remove one bearing roller from each storage channel 63 of the post-station feeding unit 82. These rollers are then placed into the linear grooves 25 through the respective inlets 41, according to the grinding area's posture requirements. The finger grippers 93 then withdraw from the inlets 41. The grinding shaft 2 continues to rotate until the next linear groove 25 faces the outlet 42. This process is repeated until all bearing rollers from the previous grinding cycle are unloaded from the grinding area and loaded into the next bearing roller. The grinding process continues. During each grinding cycle, the average material removal of the tapered roller 1 in the diametrical direction must be controlled within 0.5 microns.

[0152] The front receiving unit 78 receives the bearing rollers (such as the bearing rollers) taken out from the outlet 42 by the unloading robot. Figure 23As shown, the third storage channel 63 of the pre-station receiving unit 78 is receiving the tapered rollers 12 from the conveying mechanism (the conveying mechanism is not shown in the figure). When the pre-station receiving unit 78 is fully loaded with the bearing rollers, the channel entrance of the pre-station transition unit 79 connects with the channel exit of the pre-station receiving unit 78, and all the bearing rollers in the pre-station receiving unit 78 are transferred to the storage channel 63 of the pre-station transition unit 79 in a rolling manner, and the storage channel 63 of the pre-station receiving unit 78 is emptied. The channel exit of the fully loaded pre-station transition unit 79 connects with the channel entrance of the empty storage unit 61 in the storage station, and all the bearing rollers in the pre-station transition unit 79 are loaded into the storage channel 63 of the storage unit 61 in a rolling manner ( Figure 23 The front-station transition unit 79 is loading the tapered rollers 12 into the storage unit 61).

[0153] According to the decision of the control subsystem, the channel entrance of the post-station transition unit 81 is connected to the channel outlet of the selected storage unit 61 in the storage station, and all the bearing rollers in the storage unit 61 are unloaded in a rolling manner to the storage channel 63 of the post-station transition unit 81 (such as Figure 23 As shown, the post-station transition unit 81 is unloading the tapered rollers 12 from the storage unit 61), and the storage channel 63 of the storage unit 61 is emptied. The fully loaded channel outlet of the post-station transition unit 81 is connected to the channel inlet of the post-station feeding unit 82, and all the bearing rollers in the post-station transition unit 81 are transferred to the storage channel 63 of the post-station feeding unit 82 in a rolling manner ( Figure 23 In the embodiment, the loading robot has already taken out two tapered rollers 12 from each storage channel 63 of the rear feeding unit 82).

[0154] The bearing rollers in the same storage channel 63 enter the storage channel 63 from the channel entrance and leave the storage channel 63 from the channel exit in the order of first-in-first-out and last-in-last-out.

[0155] The control subsystem is used to decide when to unload the bearing rollers from which storage unit 61. The control subsystem is the software foundation for adjusting the order and position of the bearing rollers in the bearing roller queue in blocks without physical contact between the tapered rollers 1 loaded in different storage units 61.

[0156] During grinding processing, the bearing rollers that have completed a round of grinding processing in the grinding processing area leave the grinding processing area from the outlet 42. The bearing rollers leaving the grinding processing area are temporarily stored in the unloaded storage unit 61 and stored in the storage station. According to the decision of the control subsystem, the bearing rollers are unloaded from the storage unit 61 selected in the storage station and sent to the grinding processing area from the entrance 41 to undergo the next round of grinding processing. The order and position of the bearing rollers sent to the grinding processing area in the bearing roller queue are updated according to the decision of the control subsystem, thereby realizing the block mixed replacement of the bearing rollers without physical contact between the bearing rollers loaded in different storage units 61.

[0157] The process in which all the bearing rollers complete one round of entering the grinding processing area from the inlet 41 , undergoing grinding in the grinding processing area, and leaving the grinding processing area from the outlet 42 is called one grinding cycle.

[0158] The changes in the order and position of the bearing rollers exiting the grinding zone through the outlet 42 within the outer circulation system 5 alter the roller assembly upon subsequent entry into the grinding zone, thereby extending the selective material removal effect occurring between the rollers within the grinding zone to the entire batch of rollers. As the number of grinding cycles increases, the dimensional consistency of the bearing rollers continues to improve until it reaches the specified technical specifications.

[0159] To improve the dimensional consistency of the bearing rollers, a feed sequence rule is established for loading the bearing rollers into the inlet 41. This feed sequence rule is also used to plan the timing of unloading the bearing rollers from the storage units 61 during the grinding process. This feed sequence rule ensures that all bearing rollers undergo a similar number of grinding cycles while also minimizing the order and positional characteristics of the bearing rollers in the bearing roller queue when compared with each other in the grinding process area.

[0160] On the one hand, the external circulation system 5 is used to cope with the grinding processing of large quantities of bearing rollers that exceeds the capacity of the grinding processing area; on the other hand, it is used to establish a logistics channel for the bearing rollers between the outlet 42 and the inlet 41; and on the other hand, it is used to mix and replace the bearing rollers to weaken the order and position characteristics of the bearing rollers in the bearing roller queue.

[0161] During the logistics process of the bearing rollers from the outlet 42 to the inlet 41 through the external circulation system 5, the first-in-first-out, fixed feeding order is broken according to certain rules, which is helpful to overcome the disadvantage that the bearing rollers that are far apart in the bearing roller queue cannot be compared with each other in the grinding processing area due to the fixed feeding order.

[0162] During the logistics process of the external circulation system 5, the bearing rollers are temporarily stored in the storage unit 61 in an orderly manner, and then unloaded from the selected storage unit 61 according to the planned sequence and loaded into the inlet 41 in an orderly manner, which can effectively avoid surface damage caused by collisions between the bearing rollers.

Claims

1. A sleeve type grinding tool for finishing the rolling surface of a bearing roller, characterized in that: It comprises a grinding sleeve (3) and a grinding shaft (2); during grinding, the grinding shaft (2) passes through the grinding sleeve (3), and the grinding shaft (2) and the grinding sleeve (3) are coaxial; The outer circumference of the grinding shaft (2) is provided with a group of linear grooves (25) with no less than three openings facing the inner circumferential surface of the grinding sleeve (3), the linear grooves (25) being distributed in a circumferential array, and the axis of the linear groove array being the axis (22) of the grinding shaft; the groove surface of the linear groove (25) that contacts the bearing roller during the grinding process is the linear groove working surface; The bearing roller refers to a processed bearing roller, and the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller (11) or a tapered roller (12) or a spherical roller (13). The spherical roller (13) includes a symmetrical spherical roller without a spherical base surface, a symmetrical spherical roller with a spherical base surface, and an asymmetric spherical roller with a spherical base surface. The needle roller is classified as a cylindrical roller (11); the cylindrical roller surface is defined as including the rolling surface (15) and the end surface (17) of the cylindrical roller (11), and the geometric reference point of the cylindrical roller (11) is defined as the geometric center of the cylindrical roller (11); the tapered roller surface is defined as including the rolling surface (15) and the reference end surface (16) of the tapered roller (12), the end where the spherical base surface of the tapered roller (12) is located is the reference end of the tapered roller (12), and the cone angle of the tapered roller (12) is recorded as 2 φ , the geometric reference point of the tapered roller (12) is defined as the geometric center of the tapered roller (12); when the spherical roller (13) is a symmetrical spherical roller without a spherical base surface, the spherical roller surface is defined to include the rolling surface (15) and the end surface (17) of the spherical roller; when the spherical roller (13) is a symmetrical spherical roller with a spherical base surface or an asymmetric spherical roller with a spherical base surface, the spherical roller surface is defined to include the rolling surface (15) and the reference end surface (16) of the spherical roller; the end where the spherical base surface of the spherical roller (13) is located is the reference end of the spherical roller (13); the geometric reference point of the spherical roller (13) is defined as the center of the maximum section circle (18) of the spherical roller (13); the maximum section circle diameter of the spherical roller (13), i.e., the nominal diameter, is recorded as D The curvature radius of the axial cross-section profile of the rolling surface (15) of the spherical roller (13) is recorded as R c ; When the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller (11) or a tapered roller (12), the grinding shaft (2) is a component, the grinding shaft (2) includes a group of not less than three grinding strips (23) and a radial expansion component arranged at the center of the grinding shaft (2), the linear groove (25) is arranged on the grinding strip (23); the grinding strip (23) is fixedly connected to the radial expansion component, or is transitionally connected to the radial expansion component through a grinding strip mounting seat; the radial expansion component is used to drive the linear groove array arranged on the grinding strip (23) to synchronously expand outward along the radial direction of the grinding shaft (2) to load, and transmit torque between the main machine of the grinding device and the grinding strip (23); When the bearing roller is a spherical roller (13), the grinding shaft (2) is a single shaft-like part, and the linear groove (25) is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft-like part; or the grinding shaft (2) is a component formed by connecting a plurality of parts, and the component includes a base shaft and a grinding strip (23) provided with the linear groove (25), and the grinding strip (23) is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the base shaft; The inner wall of the grinding sleeve (3) is provided with a group of multiple coaxial annular grooves (33) of equal diameter, and the axis of the annular groove (33) is the axis (31) of the grinding sleeve; during grinding, the groove surface of the annular groove (33) in contact with the bearing roller is the working surface of the annular groove; When the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller (11) or a tapered roller (12), the grinding sleeve (3) is a single sleeve-like part; When the bearing roller is a spherical roller (13), the grinding sleeve (3) is a component, and the grinding sleeve (3) includes an outer sleeve (37), a group of not less than 3 grinding sleeve unit strips (36) arranged in a circumferential array at the center of the grinding sleeve (3), and a radial contraction component arranged between the outer sleeve (37) and the grinding sleeve unit strips (36), the annular groove (33) is intermittently distributed on the inner wall of the grinding sleeve (3) composed of the front faces of each grinding sleeve unit strip (36), and adjacent grinding sleeve unit strips (36) are spaced along the inner wall. There are gaps in the circumferential direction of the grinding sleeve (3) so that the grinding sleeve unit strip array can be synchronously contracted toward the center of the grinding sleeve (3) along the radial direction of the grinding sleeve (3); the grinding sleeve unit strip (36) is fixed to the radial contraction component, or is transitionally connected to the radial contraction component through a grinding sleeve unit strip mounting seat; the radial contraction component is used to drive the grinding sleeve unit strip array to be synchronously contracted and loaded toward the center of the grinding sleeve (3) along the radial direction of the grinding sleeve (3), and transmit torque between the main machine of the grinding equipment and the grinding sleeve unit strip (36); The area enclosed by the working surface of the annular groove and the working surface of the linear groove is the grinding processing area; corresponding to each annular groove (33), a through hole is provided for the bearing roller to enter or leave the grinding processing area, the through hole leads to the upper outer wall of the grinding sleeve (3), and the through hole is both the entrance for the bearing roller to enter the grinding processing area and the exit for the bearing roller to leave the grinding processing area; the bearing roller enters the grinding processing area from the through hole or leaves the grinding processing area from the through hole in a time-sharing manner with the grinding process, and the grinding processing process is suspended during the period when the bearing roller enters or leaves the grinding processing area; During grinding, one bearing roller is distributed at each intersection of the annular groove (33) and the linear groove (25); the radial expansion component drives the linear groove array or the radial contraction component drives the grinding sleeve unit strip array to apply grinding load to the bearing rollers distributed in the grinding processing area, and the bearing rollers are in contact with the working surface of the annular groove and the working surface of the linear groove respectively; the grinding shaft (2) and the grinding sleeve (3) rotate relative to each other around the axis (22) of the grinding shaft, and at the same time, the grinding shaft (2) and the grinding sleeve (3) also perform relative reciprocating linear motion along the axis (22) of the grinding shaft; when the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller (11) or a tapered roller (12), the bearing roller is The annular groove working surface rotates around its own axis under the friction drive, and the bearing roller moves along the annular groove (33) and the linear groove (25) respectively under the pushing action of the linear groove working surface and the annular groove working surface; when the bearing roller is a spherical roller (13), the spherical roller rotates around its own axis under the friction drive of the linear groove working surface, and the spherical roller moves along the annular groove (33) and the linear groove (25) respectively under the pushing action of the linear groove working surface and the annular groove working surface; the rolling surface (15) of the bearing roller slides relative to the annular groove working surface and the linear groove working surface respectively, thereby realizing grinding processing of the rolling surface (15); When the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller (11), the linear groove working surface is an arc cylindrical surface that matches the rolling surface (15) of the cylindrical roller; or the initial state of the linear groove (25) is a V-shaped groove surface, and the linear groove working surface is two arc cylindrical surfaces that match the rolling surface (15) of the cylindrical roller and are formed by wear of the V-shaped groove surface during the grinding process; during the grinding process, the rolling surface (15) of the cylindrical roller comes into surface contact with the linear groove working surface; When the bearing roller is a tapered roller (12), the linear groove working surface is a V-shaped groove surface, and the angle between the two side planes of the V-shaped groove surface is recorded as 2 θ The symmetry plane (254) of the V-shaped groove surface includes the axis (22) of the grinding shaft; during grinding, the rolling surface (15) of the tapered roller is in line contact with the two side planes of the linear groove working surface, and the small head end of the tapered roller (12) is adjacent to the groove bottom of the linear groove (25); When the bearing roller is a spherical roller (13), the linear groove working surface is a cylindrical surface whose profile matches the axial cross-sectional profile of the spherical roller surface; during grinding, the spherical roller surface and the linear groove working surface are in line contact, and when the spherical roller (13) has a spherical base surface, the contact line between the spherical base surface of the spherical roller (13) and the linear groove working surface passes through the center of the spherical base surface of the spherical roller (13); When the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller (11), the annular groove working surface is an annular groove surface whose profile matches the axial cross-section profile of the cylindrical roller surface; during grinding, the cylindrical roller surface and the annular groove working surface are in line contact; When the bearing roller is a tapered roller (12), the annular groove working surface is an annular groove surface whose profile matches the axial cross-sectional profile of the tapered roller surface; during grinding, the tapered roller surface and the annular groove working surface are in line contact, and the contact line between the spherical base surface of the tapered roller (12) and the annular groove working surface passes through the center of the spherical base surface of the tapered roller (12); When the bearing roller is a spherical roller (13), the annular groove working surface is an annular groove surface with an axial cross-section profile of an arc, and the radius of the arc is equal to the maximum cut-circle radius of the spherical roller (13); during grinding, the rolling surface (15) of the spherical roller and the annular groove working surface are in cross-line contact; The bearing roller is placed in the linear groove (25) as a reference object and is kept in contact during grinding. Then, the geometric reference points of the bearing rollers in the same linear groove (25) are on the same straight line, which is called the linear groove baseline (251). When the bearing roller is a cylindrical roller (11), the axis (14) of the cylindrical roller (11) is on the linear groove baseline (251). When the bearing roller is a tapered roller (12), the axis (14) of the tapered roller (12) intersects with the linear groove baseline (251), and the angle is recorded as γ , sin φ =sin γ ·sin θ All the linear groove baselines (251) are on the same cylindrical surface, which is called the grinding shaft base cylindrical surface (252), and the grinding shaft base cylindrical surface (252) is coaxial with the grinding shaft (2); The bearing roller is placed in the annular groove (33) as a reference object and kept in contact during grinding. Then, the geometric reference points of the bearing rollers in the same annular groove (33) are on the same circumference; the circumference is called the annular groove baseline (34), and all the annular groove baselines (34) are on the same cylindrical surface. The cylindrical surface is called the grinding sleeve base cylindrical surface (341), and the radius of the grinding sleeve base cylindrical surface (341) is recorded as R 0; when the bearing roller is the spherical roller (13), the axis (14) of the spherical roller (13) and the annular groove baseline (34) are tangent to the center of the maximum section circle (18) of the spherical roller (13), and the radius of the grinding sleeve base cylindrical surface (341) is R 0= R c - D / 2; During grinding, the grinding sleeve base cylindrical surface (341) and the grinding shaft base cylindrical surface (252) coincide with each other.

2. The sleeve-type grinding tool for finishing the rolling surface of a bearing roller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial expansion component includes a guide sleeve (27), a guide column (26) and an expansion core shaft (28); The circumference of the guide sleeve (27) is provided with no less than three groups of radial guide structures, each group of radial guide structures includes one or more radial guide holes (271), and an axial guide hole (272) is provided at the center of the guide sleeve (27) for sliding engagement with the expansion core shaft (28); The outer peripheral surface of the expansion mandrel (28) is provided with one or more conical surfaces (281), or one or more pyramidal surfaces (282), the conical surfaces (281) or the pyramidal surfaces (282) being driving surfaces for the expansion mandrel (28) to achieve radial expansion, and the expansion mandrel (28) is coaxial with the grinding shaft (2); The outer peripheral surface (261) of the guide column is in sliding engagement with the radial guide hole (271); the bottom surface of the guide column (26) adjacent to one end of the expansion core shaft (28) is the guide column bottom surface (262), and the guide column bottom surface (262) is an inclined surface that slides relative to the driving surface; the other end of the guide column (26) is fixedly connected to the grinding bar (23), or is transitionally connected to the grinding bar (23) through a grinding bar mounting seat; The guide pillars (26) connected to the same grinding strip (23) are the same group of guide pillars (26), the guide pillars (26) correspond one-to-one to the radial guide holes (271) of the guide sleeve (27), a group of guide pillars (26) corresponds to a group of radial guide structures, and the number of guide pillars (26) in each group is equal to the number of the conical surfaces (281) or the number of the pyramidal surfaces (282); During grinding, the expansion mandrel (28) moves along the axial direction of the grinding shaft (2), and the driving surface pushes the bottom surface of the guide column (262) so that the guide column (26) slides radially outward in the radial guide hole (271) along the grinding shaft (2), thereby pushing the linear groove array provided on the grinding strip (23) to synchronously expand outward along the radial direction of the grinding shaft (2) to load, and transmits torque between the main machine of the grinding equipment and the grinding strip (23) through the interaction between the guide column (26) and the radial guide hole (271).

3. The sleeve-type grinding tool for finishing the rolling surface of a bearing roller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial contraction component includes at least three groups of wedge-shaped structures arranged at the center of the grinding sleeve (3), the wedge-shaped structures including matching static wedges (38) and dynamic wedges (39), and the wedge-shaped structures are arranged between the outer sleeve (37) and the grinding sleeve unit bar (36); each group of wedge-shaped structures includes one or more sets of static wedges (38) and dynamic wedges (39), and one grinding sleeve unit bar (36) is connected to a group of wedge-shaped structures; the inclined surface of the dynamic wedge (39) is slidably matched with the inclined surface of the static wedge (38); when the dynamic wedge (39) and the static wedge (38) are synchronously approached along the axial direction of the grinding sleeve (3) by relying on the outer sleeve (37), the grinding sleeve unit bar array is synchronously contracted and loaded toward the center of the grinding sleeve (3) along the radial direction of the grinding sleeve (3) under the action of the wedge-shaped structure.

4. A grinding device for finishing the rolling surface of a bearing roller, characterized in that: It comprises a main machine, an external circulation system (5) and a sleeve-type grinding tool for finishing the rolling surface of a bearing roller as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the sleeve-type grinding tool is arranged horizontally; The main machine includes a rotary component and a reciprocating linear motion mechanism; The rotating component is used to drive the grinding sleeve (3) and the grinding shaft (2) to rotate relative to each other, and the reciprocating linear motion mechanism is used to drive the grinding sleeve (3) and the grinding shaft (2) to move relative to each other; The external circulation system (5) includes a material receiving subsystem, a material feeding subsystem, a material storage station, a plurality of material storage units (61) and a control subsystem; The storage station is used to store the storage unit (61); the storage unit (61) is used to temporarily store the bearing rollers, the storage unit (61) includes one or more storage channels (63), the bearing rollers are sequentially stored in the storage channels (63) of the storage unit (61) in a single-line queue, with axes parallel to each other and rolling surfaces (15) close to the rolling surfaces (15); the storage channels (63) extend from the channel entrance to the channel exit from top to bottom; the storage unit (61) is a hardware basis for adjusting the order and position of the bearing rollers in the bearing roller queue in blocks under the condition that there is no physical contact between the bearing rollers loaded in different storage units (61), and the bearing roller queue is a closed-loop queue including all bearing rollers in the grinding processing area and the external circulation system (5); The material receiving subsystem is used to sequentially load the bearing rollers leaving the outlet (42) of the grinding processing area into the empty material storage unit (61) in a queue-moving and posture-controlled manner; The feeding subsystem is used to unload the bearing rollers from the selected storage unit (61) in the storage station according to the decision of the control subsystem, and load them into the entrance (41) in an orderly manner in a queue and posture-controlled manner according to the posture requirements of the grinding processing area for the bearing rollers; The bearing rollers in the same storage channel (63) enter the storage channel (63) from the channel entrance and leave the storage channel (63) from the channel exit in a first-in-first-out and last-in-last-out order; The control subsystem is used to decide when to unload the bearing rollers from which storage unit (61); the control subsystem is a software basis for adjusting the order and position of the bearing rollers in the bearing roller queue in blocks without physical contact between the bearing rollers loaded in different storage units (61); During the grinding process, the bearing rollers that have completed a round of grinding in the grinding process area leave the grinding process area from the outlet (42), and the bearing rollers that have left the grinding process area are temporarily stored in an unloaded storage unit (61) and stored in the storage station. According to the decision of the control subsystem, the bearing rollers are unloaded from the storage unit (61) selected in the storage station and sent to the grinding process area from the entrance (41) to continue to receive grinding. The order and position of the bearing rollers sent to the grinding process area in the bearing roller queue are updated according to the decision of the control subsystem, thereby realizing the mixed replacement of the bearing rollers in blocks without physical contact between the bearing rollers loaded in different storage units (61), and the cycle is repeated until the bearing rollers meet the specified technical indicators. The external circulation system (5) is used, on the one hand, to cope with the grinding of large quantities of bearing rollers that exceed the capacity of the grinding processing area, on the other hand, to establish a logistics channel for the bearing rollers between the outlet (42) of the grinding processing area and the inlet (41) of the grinding processing area, and on the other hand, to perform mixed replacement of the bearing rollers.

5. The grinding device for finishing the rolling surface of a bearing roller according to claim 4, characterized in that: The storage space of the storage unit (61) is divided into a plurality of storage channels (63) parallel to each other, and the storage channels (63) are arranged obliquely relative to the horizontal plane; the width of the storage channel (63) matches the axial length of the bearing roller; the upper end of the storage channel (63) is the channel entrance, and the lower end of the storage channel (63) is the channel exit and is provided with an exit gate (62); the bearing rollers are sequentially stored in the storage channel (63) in a single-line queue, with their axes parallel to each other and their rolling surfaces (15) close to the rolling surfaces (15); when the bearing rollers are unloaded from the storage channel (63), the exit gate (62) is in an open state; The material storage units (61) are installed in layers in the material storage station; The material receiving subsystem includes a material unloading robot, a front-station material receiving unit (78), and a front-station transition unit (79); The front-station material receiving unit (78) and the front-station transition unit (79) are both provided with a material storage channel (63) consistent with that in the material storage unit (61); The feeding subsystem comprises a post-station transition unit (81), a post-station feeding unit (82) and a loading robot; The post-station transition unit (81) and the post-station feeding unit (82) are both provided with a storage channel (63) consistent with that in the storage unit (61); The loading robot and the unloading robot are both provided with a group of parallel arranged finger-shaped grippers (93), and the ends of the finger-shaped grippers (93) are provided with suction cups (94) for adsorbing the bearing rollers, and the suction cups (94) are vacuum suction cups or electromagnetic suction cups; Whenever the bearing roller in the grinding processing area completes a round of grinding processing, an unloading and loading operation is performed; the grinding shaft (2) is rotated until a certain linear groove (25) is opposite to the through-port, and the finger-shaped gripper (93) of the unloading robot is respectively inserted into each through-port, and a bearing roller located in the linear groove (25) is adsorbed and taken out from each through-port in parallel, and then the bearing roller is respectively placed in each storage channel (63) of the station front receiving unit (78) or placed in the conveying mechanism, and the bearing roller placed in the conveying mechanism passes through the conveying mechanism and enters each storage channel (63) of the station front receiving unit (78); the finger-shaped gripper (93) of the loading robot is taken out from the station Each storage channel (63) of the rear feeding unit (82) absorbs and takes out a bearing roller in parallel, and then places the bearing roller into the linear groove (25) through each opening according to the posture requirement of the grinding processing area for the bearing roller, and the finger-shaped clamp (93) is withdrawn from the opening; the grinding shaft (2) is continued to rotate until the next linear groove (25) is opposite to the opening, and the above operation is repeated until the bearing rollers of the previous round of grinding processing are all unloaded from the grinding processing area and the subsequent bearing rollers are loaded, and the grinding process continues; in each round of grinding processing, the average material removal amount of the bearing roller in the diameter direction needs to be controlled within 0.5 microns; When the front-station receiving unit (78) is fully loaded with the bearing rollers, the channel entrance of the front-station transition unit (79) docks with the channel exit of the front-station receiving unit (78), and all the bearing rollers in the front-station receiving unit (78) are transferred to the storage channel (63) of the front-station transition unit (79) in a rolling manner; the channel exit of the fully loaded front-station transition unit (79) docks with the channel entrance of the empty storage unit (61) in the storage station, and all the bearing rollers in the front-station transition unit (79) are loaded into the storage channel (63) of the storage unit (61) in a rolling manner; According to the decision of the control subsystem, the channel entrance of the post-station transition unit (81) is connected to the channel exit of the selected storage unit (61) in the storage station, and all the bearing rollers in the storage unit (61) are unloaded to the storage channel (63) of the post-station transition unit (81) in a rolling manner; the channel exit of the fully loaded post-station transition unit (81) is connected to the channel entrance of the post-station feeding unit (82), and all the bearing rollers in the post-station transition unit (81) are transferred to the storage channel (63) of the post-station feeding unit (82) in a rolling manner.

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