A method for preparing a catalyst, the catalyst, and applications thereof

Abstract

The application provides a preparation method of a catalyst, the catalyst and application of the catalyst, and the preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: 1) adding an aluminum source and a silicon source into a template agent-basic solution in sequence to obtain a gel; 2) adding a copper source and a vanadium source solution into the gel to obtain a gel solution; 3) sequentially performing crystallization treatment on the gel solution, and then performing post-treatment including a calcination treatment on the crystallization product to obtain the catalyst. The copper-vanadium modified mordenite molecular sieve catalyst prepared by the method can convert furfural into 1,5-pentanediol in one step, the preparation method of the catalyst is relatively simple, and the prepared 1,5-pentanediol has relatively high selectivity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of chemical synthesis, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a catalyst, the catalyst and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] 1,5-pentanediol is an important chemical intermediate, which is widely used in the manufacture of polyurethane, polyester, plasticizer, inkjet ink, ink, paint or perfume products. It can also be used as a cutting oil, special detergent, solvent for latex paint, solvent or wetting agent for ink.

[0003] In the prior art, 1,5-pentanediol is prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of tetrahydrofurfural or oxidation of cyclopentadiene, followed by catalytic hydrogenation. The preparation process of the catalyst used in the preparation of 1,5-pentanediol by the solvent-free method is relatively complex, and the reaction selectivity of the prepared 1,5-pentanediol is low. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved to develop a preparation method of 1,5-pentanediol with simple catalyst preparation method and high reaction selectivity. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of a catalyst, the catalyst and application thereof, which can solve the problems of complex preparation process of the catalyst used in the preparation of 1,5-pentanediol and low reaction selectivity of the prepared 1,5-pentanediol.

[0005] The present application provides a preparation method of a catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1) adding an aluminum source and a silicon source into a template-alkaline solution in sequence to obtain a gel;

[0007] 2) adding a copper source and a vanadium source solution into the gel to obtain a gel solution;

[0008] 3) sequentially crystallizing the gel solution, and then performing post-treatment including calcination treatment on the crystallization product to obtain the catalyst.

[0009] The preparation method of the catalyst described above controls the mass ratio of the template and the alkaline solution to be 1:20.

[0010] The preparation method of the catalyst described above controls the mass ratio of the template, the aluminum source and the silicon source to be 1:1:10.

[0011] The preparation method of the catalyst described above controls the molar ratio of the copper source and the vanadium source to be 3:1, and the mass ratio of the copper source and the aluminum source to be 1:1.5.

[0012] The preparation method of the catalyst described above controls the crystallization temperature to be 100-160 DEG C, and the crystallization time to be 36h-48h.

[0013] In the catalyst preparation method described above, the calcination temperature is 500-550℃ and the calcination time is 4-6h.

[0014] The present invention also provides a catalyst prepared according to the method described above.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol, which is obtained by catalyzing furfural using the catalyst described above.

[0016] The preparation method of 1,5-pentanediol as described above includes the following steps:

[0017] 1) The catalyst is activated using hydrogen gas to obtain an activated catalyst;

[0018] 2) At a temperature of 160-200℃ and a pressure of 2-3MPa, hydrogen and furfural are introduced into a reactor with the activated catalyst fixed to carry out a gas-solid contact reaction to obtain the 1,5-pentanediol.

[0019] In the preparation method of 1,5-pentanediol as described above, the reaction space velocity of the gas-solid contact reaction is 10-25 h⁻¹. -1 .

[0020] This invention provides a method for preparing a catalyst. The copper-vanadium modified mordenite molecular sieve catalyst prepared by this method can convert furfural into 1,5-pentanediol in one step. The preparation method of this catalyst is relatively simple, and the 1,5-pentanediol prepared has high selectivity. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of this invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0022] This invention provides a method for preparing a catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0023] 1) Add aluminum source and silicon source sequentially to template agent-alkaline solution to obtain gel;

[0024] 2) Add copper source and vanadium source solutions to the gel to obtain a gel solution;

[0025] 3) After sequentially crystallizing the gel solution, the crystallized product is subjected to post-treatment including calcination to obtain the catalyst.

[0026] The catalyst prepared in this embodiment of the invention is a molecular sieve catalyst. During the synthesis of molecular sieves, a template agent is typically added. Template agents generally have three main functions: structure directing, space filling, and balancing framework charge. The template agent can be an organic amine, preferably tetraethylammonium bromide.

[0027] Optionally, the alkaline solution can be one or a mixture of two of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide aqueous solutions, preferably a sodium hydroxide solution. Optionally, the aluminum source can be an aluminum salt, preferably aluminum nitrate. Optionally, the silicon source can be selected from silicon dioxide, silicates, silica sol, silica gel, etc., preferably silica sol. Optionally, the copper source can be a copper salt, preferably copper nitrate. Optionally, the vanadium source can be a vanadium salt, preferably vanadium oxysulfate.

[0028] In one embodiment, a template agent is first added to an alkaline solution, and then an aluminum source and a silicon source are added sequentially to obtain a gel; a copper source and a vanadium source are dissolved in the solution, and a solution containing the copper source and the vanadium source is added to the gel to obtain a gel solution; the gel solution is crystallized to obtain a crystallized product, and the crystallized product is subjected to a post-treatment including calcination to obtain a catalyst.

[0029] Specifically, the template agent tetraethylammonium bromide is added to a pre-prepared alkaline sodium hydroxide solution, followed by the sequential addition of aluminum nitrate and silicon sol. The mixture is stirred at room temperature until homogeneous, yielding a gel. Copper nitrate and vanadium oxysulfate are dissolved in water, for example, deionized water, to form a solution containing copper nitrate and vanadium oxysulfate. This aqueous solution is then added to the obtained gel, and the mixture is stirred until homogeneous, yielding a gel solution. The resulting gel solution is transferred to a stainless steel reactor lined with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The reactor is placed in a constant-temperature oven for crystallization, causing the gel solution to become crystalline, resulting in the crystallized product, copper-vanadium modified mordenite molecular sieve powder. After crystallization, the product undergoes post-processing, such as calcination in a muffle furnace, to obtain a copper-vanadium modified mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve catalyst with the template agent removed.

[0030] Optionally, before calcining the crystallized product, it can be centrifuged and then washed with deionized water. This is because after the copper ions in copper nitrate and the vanadium ions in vanadium sulfate are adsorbed onto the mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve, some anions, namely nitrate and sulfate ions, as well as unadsorbed copper nitrate and vanadium sulfate, will remain. Therefore, the excess copper nitrate and vanadium sulfate, as well as the remaining anions, are washed away with deionized water. Then, the product is dried in an oven. Optionally, the drying temperature is 100-120℃.

[0031] The copper-vanadium modified mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve catalyst prepared according to the method described in this embodiment, when used to catalyze the conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol, enables furfural to undergo a selective hydrogenation ring-opening reaction, converting it into 1,5-pentanediol. Copper acts as the active center for selective hydrogenation, and vanadium acts as the active center for catalyzing the breaking of carbon-oxygen bonds and ring-opening, thus efficiently achieving the selective hydrogenation of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol. Therefore, the preparation method of this 1,5-pentanediol is relatively simple, and the prepared 1,5-pentanediol exhibits high selectivity.

[0032] The method for preparing copper-vanadium modified mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve catalyst in this embodiment is simple and easy to implement. The template agent is a low-cost amine tetraethylammonium bromide. The copper and vanadium sources are conventional salts, which are cheap and readily available. Moreover, there is no need to purchase molecular sieves, which can reduce the preparation cost of copper-vanadium modified mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve catalyst. When used as a catalyst for the conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol, furfural can be converted to 1,5-pentanediol in one step, and the 1,5-pentanediol prepared has high selectivity.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the template agent to the alkaline solution is controlled to be 1:20.

[0034] In one embodiment, the mass ratio of template agent to alkaline solution in step 1) of the catalyst preparation method is controlled to be 1:20.

[0035] Specifically, by controlling the mass ratio of the template agent tetraethylammonium bromide to the alkaline solution sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to 1:20, the template agent can be fully dissolved, and its guiding effect can cause the aluminum source and silicon source to undergo a crystallization reaction to obtain the target molecular sieve crystal. If the ratio is not appropriate, the crystallinity will be low, or even the crystallization reaction will not be able to occur, resulting in amorphous silicon aluminum oxide.

[0036] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of template agent to alkaline solution is controlled at 1:20, which allows the template agent to fully exert its guiding effect, enabling the aluminum source and silicon source to crystallize and obtain the target molecular sieve crystal.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the template agent, aluminum source and silicon source is 1:1:10.

[0038] In one embodiment, the mass ratio of template agent, aluminum source and silicon source during gel preparation in step 1) of the catalyst preparation method can be controlled to be 1:1:10.

[0039] Specifically, controlling the mass ratio of the template agent tetraethylammonium bromide, aluminum source aluminum nitrate, and silicon source silica sol to 1:1:10, and then combining it with active metals copper and vanadium, can improve the catalytic activity and thus enhance the selectivity of 1,5-pentanediol when used as a catalyst for the conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol. This is because when the mass ratio of the template agent tetraethylammonium bromide, aluminum source aluminum nitrate, and silicon source silica sol is 1:1:10, there is sufficient silicon to form the zeolite framework structure, ensuring the structural stability of the zeolite and extending the catalyst's lifespan. Furthermore, the suitable silicon-aluminum ratio ensures appropriate acidity of the molecular sieve. The amount of template agent added must be sufficient to ensure that the aluminum and silicon sources can crystallize and form a molecular sieve, while avoiding excessive addition that would be wasteful. The combination of the molecular sieve with active metals copper and vanadium further enhances the catalytic performance of this mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve catalyst in the conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol.

[0040] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of the template agent tetraethylammonium bromide, the aluminum source aluminum nitrate, and the silicon source silica sol is controlled at 1:1:10, which gives it a certain degree of acidity. When combined with active metal copper and vanadium, it can be used as a catalyst for the conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol, thereby improving its catalytic performance and promoting the conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the molar ratio of copper source to vanadium source is 3:1; the mass ratio of copper source to aluminum source is 1:1.5.

[0042] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of copper-based copper nitrate to vanadium-based vanadium sulfate is controlled to be 3:1, that is, the molar ratio of copper atoms to vanadium atoms is 3:1. Since the mass ratio of copper-based copper nitrate to aluminum-based aluminum nitrate is 1:1.5, the mass ratio of copper-based copper nitrate to the template agent tetraethylammonium bromide is 1:1.5, and the mass ratio of copper-based copper nitrate to silicon-based silica sol is 1:15.

[0043] The catalyst prepared in this embodiment possesses dual active centers. Copper atoms act as the active center for the hydrogenation reaction, catalyzing the selective hydrogenation of furfural, while vanadium atoms act as the active center for the cleavage of the carbon-oxygen bond. These two centers synergistically catalyze the selective hydrogenation, bond breaking, and ring-opening reaction, catalyzing the one-step preparation of 1,5-pentanediol from furfural. Therefore, the ratio of the two active centers needs to be controlled during the reaction. A molar ratio of copper atoms (the active center for hydrogenation) to vanadium atoms (the active center for carbon-oxygen bond cleavage) is required to achieve high selectivity in the preparation of 1,5-pentanediol. Simultaneously, controlling the mass ratio of copper to aluminum sources to 1:1.5 ensures an appropriate number of active centers in the prepared molecular sieve catalyst, which is beneficial for improving the selectivity of 1,5-pentanediol.

[0044] In this embodiment, the molar ratio of copper source to vanadium source is controlled at 3:1, and the mass ratio of copper source to aluminum source is 1:1.5. This allows the prepared molecular sieve catalyst to improve the selectivity of 1,5-pentanediol when catalyzing the conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, the crystallization temperature is 100-160°C and the crystallization time is 36-48h.

[0046] In one embodiment, the gel solution obtained in step 2) of the catalyst preparation method is subjected to crystallization treatment at a crystallization temperature of 100-160°C and a crystallization time of 36-48h.

[0047] Optionally, the prepared gel solution can be subjected to crystallization treatment, which can be carried out in a constant temperature oven. The oven temperature can be set to 100-160℃, preferably 160℃. If the oven temperature is set too low, the crystallization treatment will be incomplete and the treatment time will be too long; if the oven temperature is set too high, some substances will decompose, which will have a certain impact on the structure of the crystallized product obtained by the crystallization treatment.

[0048] Optionally, the crystallization time of the gel solution in the constant temperature oven is 36h-48h, preferably 48h. If the crystallization time is too short, the gel solution will not completely transform into crystallized products; if the crystallization time is too long, it will waste time and result in low efficiency.

[0049] In this embodiment, the crystallization temperature is controlled at 100-160℃ and the crystallization time is 36h-48h, which can make the gel solution transform into the crystallized product with high efficiency and more complete transformation, and can also avoid wasting time and low efficiency.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the calcination temperature is 500-550°C and the calcination time is 4-6 hours.

[0051] In one embodiment, the gel solution is crystallized to obtain a crystallized product, and the crystallized product is subjected to a post-treatment including calcination, with the calcination temperature being 500-550°C and the calcination time being 4-6 hours.

[0052] Optionally, the post-processing of the crystallized product includes calcination to remove the template agent, eliminate volatile components, and form a stable structure. The calcination process can be carried out in a muffle furnace, with the furnace temperature set to 500-550℃, preferably 530℃. If the muffle furnace temperature is set too low, the calcination process will be incomplete, meaning the template agent will not be completely removed, volatile components will not volatilize completely, and the calcination time will be too long. If the muffle furnace temperature is set too high, some substances will decompose, affecting the structure of the catalyst obtained from the calcination process.

[0053] Optionally, the calcination time of the crystallized product in the muffle furnace is 4h-6h, preferably 5h. If the calcination time is too short, the template agent will not be completely removed and the volatile components will not volatilize completely; if the calcination time is too long, it will waste time and result in low efficiency.

[0054] In this embodiment, the calcination temperature is controlled at 500-550℃ and the calcination time is controlled at 4-6h. This can make the removal of the template agent and the volatilization of the volatile components more efficient, and make the removal of the template agent and the volatilization of the volatile components more complete. It can also avoid wasting time and low efficiency.

[0055] The present invention also provides a catalyst prepared according to the above method.

[0056] In one embodiment, the catalyst is prepared according to the above-described method for preparing the catalyst, and is a copper-vanadium bimetallic in-situ modified mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve catalyst, used to convert furfural into 1,5-pentanediol in one step.

[0057] In this embodiment, copper-vanadium modified mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve catalyst was prepared according to the above method. The preparation method is simple and easy to implement, with low preparation cost. When used as a catalyst for the conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol, the prepared 1,5-pentanediol has high selectivity.

[0058] The present invention also provides a method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol, which is obtained by catalyzing furfural with the above-mentioned catalyst.

[0059] In some embodiments, copper-vanadium modified mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve catalysts are prepared according to the above-described catalyst preparation method, and the catalysts are used to catalyze the preparation of 1,5-pentanediol from furfural. This makes the preparation method of 1,5-pentanediol simple and easy, and the 1,5-pentanediol prepared has high selectivity.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, the preparation method of 1,5-pentanediol includes the following steps:

[0061] 1) The catalyst is activated using hydrogen gas to obtain an activated catalyst;

[0062] 2) At a temperature of 160-200℃ and a pressure of 2-3MPa, hydrogen and furfural are introduced into a reactor with an activated catalyst to carry out a gas-solid contact reaction to obtain 1,5-pentanediol.

[0063] In one embodiment, the mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve loaded with copper and vanadium is first activated with hydrogen to obtain an activated catalyst. Then, the activated catalyst is fixed in a reactor, and hydrogen and furfural are introduced into the reactor with the activated catalyst at a temperature of 160-200°C and a pressure of 2-3 MPa to carry out a gas-solid contact reaction. Under the catalytic action of the catalyst, furfural is converted into 1,5-pentanediol.

[0064] It is understandable that catalysts often require activation after preparation to transform them from passive to active catalysts. The purpose of activation is to create active sites for the catalytic reaction, particularly on the catalyst surface. In this embodiment, hydrogen is used to activate the catalyst, resulting in an activated catalyst.

[0065] Furfural is in a liquid state before being introduced into the reactor for the reaction. The liquid furfural is first vaporized into a gaseous state in the vaporization chamber, and then introduced along with hydrogen into a reactor containing an activated catalyst for a gas-solid contact reaction to yield 1,5-pentanediol. By controlling the reactor temperature at 160-200℃ and the pressure at 2-3 MPa, the furfural and hydrogen in the reactor can be kept in a gaseous state. Optionally, before introducing the hydrogen and furfural gas into the reactor containing the activated catalyst for the gas-solid contact reaction, an inert gas, such as nitrogen, can be introduced into the reactor to replace oxygen and carbon dioxide, ensuring that no other gases affect the subsequent gas-solid contact reaction.

[0066] In this embodiment, the copper-vanadium modified mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve catalyst prepared by the above preparation method can catalyze the one-step conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol, making the preparation method of 1,5-pentanediol simple and the 1,5-pentanediol prepared has high selectivity.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present invention, the reaction space velocity of the gas-solid contact reaction is 10-25 h⁻¹. -1 .

[0068] I understand. Airspeed refers to the speed at which a vehicle travels at a speed of 1 m / s² per unit time. 3 The volume of gas passing over the catalyst. In gas-solid contact reactions, the reciprocal of the reaction space velocity is the residence time of the gas in the catalyst bed. In this embodiment, the reaction space velocity of the gas-solid contact reaction is controlled to be 10-25 h⁻¹. -1 Within a suitable range.

[0069] A higher space velocity results in a shorter contact time between furfural gas and hydrogen and the mordenite molecular sieve catalyst, which affects the selectivity of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol. Conversely, a lower space velocity results in a longer contact time between furfural gas and hydrogen and the mordenite molecular sieve catalyst, which is more conducive to the conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol. However, if the space velocity is too low, the contact time between furfural gas and hydrogen and the mordenite molecular sieve catalyst may be too long, which may lead to a decrease in the reaction depth and consequently a decrease in the selectivity of the final 1,5-pentanediol.

[0070] In this embodiment, the reaction space velocity of the gas-solid contact reaction is controlled to be 10-25 h. -1 Within a suitable range, the selectivity for converting furfural to 1,5-pentanediol can be improved.

[0071] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] The preparation method of 1,5-pentanediol in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0074] 1) Dissolve 1.1g of sodium hydroxide in 80g of deionized water to prepare a sodium hydroxide solution. Then dissolve 4.2g of tetraethylammonium bromide in the above sodium hydroxide solution. Add 4.26g of aluminum nitrate to the solution and stir until completely dissolved. Then add 40g of silica sol and mix evenly to form a gel.

[0075] 2) Dissolve 2.89g of copper nitrate and 1.3g of vanadium oxysulfate in 10g of deionized water to form a solution, and add it to the above gel to obtain a gel solution;

[0076] 3) After stirring the above gel solution evenly, transfer it to a stainless steel reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner, place it in a constant temperature oven at 150°C for 48 hours to crystallize. After crystallization, centrifuge, wash with deionized water, dry in an oven at 120°C, and calcine in a muffle furnace at 530°C for 5 hours to obtain copper-vanadium modified mordenite (MOR) catalyst.

[0077] 4) The copper-vanadium modified mordenite (MOR) catalyst, which is sieved to 20 mesh, is used in the reaction of furfural to prepare 1,5-pentanediol. 1g of the sieved catalyst is loaded into a fixed bed reactor and hydrogen is introduced to activate the catalyst to obtain the activated catalyst.

[0078] 5) Then, nitrogen gas is introduced into the fixed-bed reactor to fully displace the gas in the fixed-bed reactor. The temperature of the fixed-bed reactor is adjusted to 160℃ and the pressure to 3MPa. Liquid furfural is then injected using a metering pump at a flow rate of 0.1mL / min, and hydrogen gas is introduced at a flow rate of 10mL / min. The two are mixed in the gasification chamber and then enter the reactor for reaction. The reaction space velocity is controlled at 15h. -1 Finally, the conversion rate of furfural was calculated to be 83.2%, and the selectivity of 1,5-pentanediol was 95.7%, as shown in Table 1.

[0079] Examples 2-30

[0080] The preparation methods of 1,5-pentanediol in Examples 2-30 are the same as those in Example 1, except that the parameters are different. The specific parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0081] Comparative Example 1

[0082] The preparation method of 1,5-pentanediol in Comparative Example 1 is the same as that in Example 1, except that only a copper source is added in step 2) to obtain copper-modified mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve. The specific parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0083] Comparative Example 2

[0084] Comparative Example 2 was prepared using the same method as 1,5-pentanediol in Example 1, except that only a vanadium source was added in step 2) to obtain vanadium-modified mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve. The specific parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0085] Comparative Example 3

[0086] Comparative Example 3 was prepared using the same method as 1,5-pentanediol in Example 1, except that no copper or vanadium source was added in this comparative example, resulting in unmodified mordenite (MOR) molecular sieves. The specific parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0087] Table 1

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] As shown in Table 1, compared with the comparative example, the copper-vanadium modified mordenite molecular sieve catalyst prepared by the catalyst preparation method provided by the present invention can convert furfural into 1,5-pentanediol in one step. The preparation method of this catalyst is relatively simple, and the 1,5-pentanediol prepared has high selectivity.

[0091] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the copper-vanadium modified mordenite (MOR) molecular sieve catalyst provided by the present invention can catalyze the conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol, and the 1,5-pentanediol prepared has high selectivity.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An application of a catalyst for the one-step preparation of 1,5-pentanediol from furfural, characterized in that, The method for preparing the catalyst includes the following steps: 1) Add aluminum source and silicon source sequentially to template agent-alkaline solution to obtain gel; the template agent is tetraethylammonium bromide, the alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide solution, the aluminum source is aluminum nitrate, the silicon source is silica sol, the mass ratio of template agent to alkaline solution is 1:20, and the mass ratio of template agent, aluminum source and silicon source is 1:1:10; 2) Add copper source and vanadium source solutions to the gel to obtain a gel solution; the copper source is copper nitrate, the vanadium source is vanadium oxysulfate, the molar ratio of the copper source to the vanadium source is 3:1, and the mass ratio of the copper source to the aluminum source is 1:1.

5. Copper atoms serve as active centers for the hydrogenation reaction, and vanadium atoms serve as active centers for catalyzing the breaking of carbon-oxygen bonds and ring opening. The two achieve synergistic catalytic selective hydrogenation and ring-opening reactions, catalyzing the one-step preparation of 1,5-pentanediol from furfural. 3) The gel solution is crystallized at 100-160℃ for 36-48h. The crystallized product is then centrifuged, washed with deionized water, dried at 100-120℃, and calcined at 500-550℃ for 4-6h to obtain the catalyst, which is a copper-vanadium modified mordenite molecular sieve catalyst.

2. A method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol, characterized in that, Furfural is obtained by catalysis using the catalyst described in claim 1.

3. The method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: 1) The catalyst is activated using hydrogen gas to obtain an activated catalyst; 2) At a temperature of 160-200℃ and a pressure of 2-3MPa, hydrogen and furfural are introduced into a reactor with the activated catalyst fixed to carry out a gas-solid contact reaction to obtain the 1,5-pentanediol.

4. The method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reaction space velocity of the gas-solid contact reaction is 10-25 h⁻¹. -1 .

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