Traffic seat and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

The application provides a traffic seat and a preparation method thereof, the traffic seat comprising an integrally-formed seat surface area and a seat back area, the seat surface area and the seat back area being connected through a transition area, the seat surface area comprising a seat area, the seat area being sequentially connected with a transition area two, a transition area three, the innermost and outermost sides of the seat back area, the transition area one, the seat area, the transition area two and the transition area three being respectively an inner glass fiber layer and an outer glass fiber layer, and a carbon fiber layer being arranged between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer; the preparation method is through RTM or mold pressing; the application has low production requirements, can be mass-produced, has high automation rate, has low production process requirements, and has small pollution compared with traditional metal seats; under the condition that the original structure stiffness is unchanged, the structure weight reduction is more than 50%; the application meets the weight reduction and cost reduction requirements in the current rail transit field, has certain market prospect, can be applied to the rail transit field, and has high market value.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of traffic equipment, in particular to a traffic seat and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the rail transit vehicle seat is generally manufactured by using glass fiber reinforced plastic material. In order to maintain the shape and increase the stiffness, the thickness of the glass fiber reinforced plastic material needs to be increased, which is easy to cause internal defects and interlayer cracking.

[0003] The applicant has searched and found the following prior art:

[0004] Prior art 1: a combined subway seat with application number CN202023064256.9 discloses a technical solution, which comprises a support unit arranged along the length direction of the subway seat. The support unit comprises separable vertical supports and horizontal supports. The vertical supports comprise a vertical web plate, a back wing plate and an assembly wing plate. The back wing plate is attached to and fixed with the side wall of the subway car. The lower part of the back wing plate is also provided with a plug-in gap. The seat back plate is fixed to the upper part of the assembly wing plate of the vertical web plate. The horizontal supports comprise a horizontal web plate. The horizontal wing plate protrudes from one side of the horizontal web plate. The protruding part of the horizontal wing plate can be inserted into the end of the plug-in gap. The seat surface is fixed to the horizontal wing plate. The matching wing plate is formed on the horizontal web plate below the horizontal wing plate and matches the assembly wing plate. The assembly wing plate and the matching wing plate are connected by assembly. The patent can be modularly manufactured and installed on site. The assembly efficiency can be effectively improved under the condition of ensuring the assembly strength, and the site occupation of the parts can be reduced.

[0005] The above patent only changes the local structure form and carries out modal matching design from the structure form, but cannot fundamentally solve the problem of thickness and mass increase when using glass fiber reinforced plastic material.

[0006] In summary, a new technical solution is needed to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application aims to provide a traffic seat, which comprises an integrally formed seat surface area and a seat back area. The seat surface area and the seat back area are connected by a transition area. The seat surface area comprises a seat area, which is connected with a transition area two, a transition area three in sequence. The innermost and outermost sides of the seat back area, the transition area one, the seat area, the transition area two and the transition area three are respectively an inner glass fiber layer and an outer glass fiber layer. A carbon fiber layer is arranged between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer.

[0008] As a preferred solution, the lamination range of the whole traffic seat is 15-25 layers.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the inner glass fiber layer of the seat back area comprises two layers, the outer glass fiber layer comprises two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer comprises 13-15 layers.

[0010] As a preferred solution, the inner glass fiber layer of the transition area one comprises two layers, the outer glass fiber layer comprises two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer comprises 17-19 layers.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the inner glass fiber layer of the seat area comprises two layers, the outer glass fiber layer comprises two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer comprises 15-17 layers.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the inner glass fiber layer of the transition area two comprises two layers, the outer glass fiber layer comprises two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer comprises 17-19 layers.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the inner glass fiber layer of the transition area three comprises two layers, the outer glass fiber layer comprises two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer comprises 19-21 layers.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the rear part of the seat back area and the lower part of the transition area one are provided with a seat apron.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the lower part of the seat surface area is provided with a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is provided with a sliding groove.

[0016] As a preferred solution, one layer of carbon fiber layer can be replaced by a heating layer.

[0017] A method for manufacturing a traffic seat, comprising the following steps:

[0018] A1: cutting the sheet according to the shape of each area of the seat, and making the preform according to the layer design of each area;

[0019] A2: clean the mold, then apply release agent;

[0020] A3: lay release cloth one in the mold, place the preform on the release cloth one, and lay another layer of release cloth two on the upper part of the preform;

[0021] A4: sequentially lay isolation film, flow guide net, and vacuum bag on the upper part of the release cloth two;

[0022] A5: mold closing;

[0023] A6: Preheat the resin to 35-50℃, and conduct resin infusion;

[0024] A7: Conduct curing, the curing process includes first stage, second stage, third stage, fourth stage, wherein the first stage is heated to 45 degrees Celsius at 3℃ / min, and keep constant temperature of 45℃ for 30min; the second stage is heated to 65℃ at 3℃ / min, and keep constant temperature for 60min; the third stage is heated to 85℃ at 3℃ / min, and keep constant temperature for 180min; the fourth stage is cooled to room temperature at -1℃ / min, and keep one atmosphere pressure during the whole process;

[0025] A8: Open the mold, demold and take the piece.

[0026] As a preferred solution, the prepreg includes carbon fiber woven cloth and glass fiber woven cloth.

[0027] As a preferred solution, the seat includes seat back area, transition area one, seat area, transition area two, and transition area three, the inner glass fiber layer of the seat back area includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 13-15 layers; the inner glass fiber layer of the transition area one and the transition area two each includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer each includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer each includes 17-19 layers; the inner glass fiber layer of the seat area includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 15-17 layers; the inner glass fiber layer of the transition area three includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 19-21 layers.

[0028] As a preferred solution, the resin is prepared by using epoxy resin E51 and curing agent D400 at a ratio of 1:0.65-1:0.85.

[0029] As a preferred solution, the resin is preheated to 35-50℃, the air pump is connected, the vacuum pressure is increased to continue vacuumizing, and resin infusion is conducted.

[0030] A method for preparing a traffic seat, comprising the following steps:

[0031] A1: Cutting the prepreg according to the shape of each area of the seat, and the prepreg is made into a prepreg;

[0032] A2: Laying the prepreg on the mold according to the layup design of each area of the seat;

[0033] A3: clamping, curing by curing process, wherein the curing process comprises a first stage, a second stage, a third stage: the first stage is 0MPa pressure, 50 DEG C temperature, resin begins to gel 60min; the second stage applies pressure 15MPa, temperature rises to 90 DEG C, and cures 120min; the third stage is naturally cooled to room temperature;

[0034] A4: opening mold, demolding and taking out.

[0035] As a preferred scheme, the prepreg includes carbon fiber woven cloth and glass fiber woven cloth, and the carbon fiber woven cloth and the glass fiber woven cloth are made into the prepreg by the hand lay-up method.

[0036] As a preferred scheme, the seat includes a seat back area, a transition area one, a seat area, a transition area two and a transition area three, the inner glass fiber layer of the seat back area includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 13-15 layers; the inner glass fiber layer of the transition area one and the transition area two each includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer each includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer each includes 17-19 layers; the inner glass fiber layer of the seat area includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 15-17 layers; the inner glass fiber layer of the transition area three includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 19-21 layers.

[0037] The traffic seat of the application is suitable for rail traffic, and the seat adopts integrated design of carbon fiber layer and glass fiber layer. Firstly, the carbon fiber layer and the glass fiber layer are both single-layer structures, not composite materials, and the material cost is low. Secondly, the structure form and layer design are carried out according to the actual service conditions of the structure, and the seat structure design, impact-resistant layer design and stiffness area design increase the stiffness, reduce the product quality, increase the natural frequency of the seat, and reduce the product cracking caused by modal resonance. Compared with the original glass steel structure, the carbon fiber layer and the glass fiber layer have more excellent strength and lower density, and the structure weight is reduced by more than 50% under the condition of unchanged stiffness.

[0038] The application has low production requirements, can be mass-produced, has high automation rate, has low production process requirements, is less polluting than traditional metal seats, meets the weight reduction and cost reduction requirements in the current rail traffic field, has certain market prospect, can be applied to rail traffic, and has high market value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a seat of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the seat back area of ​​the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the transition zone 1 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the seating area of ​​the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the transition zone 2 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the transition zone three of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 is a side view of the seat of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 A rear view of the seat of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the chute of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 10 This is the cross section of the seat molding during RTM molding of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the diversion net draining the resin;

[0051] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the RTM molding and curing process of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the first stage of the compression molding and curing process of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the second stage of the compression molding and curing process of the present invention;

[0054] Reference numerals:

[0055] 1. Seat back area 2. Transition area 1 3. Seating area 4. Transition area 2

[0056] 5, transition zone 6, seat apron 7, fixed plate 8, sliding slot

[0057] 9, release cloth 10, preform 11, release cloth 12, release film

[0058] 13, flow guide net 14, vacuum bag. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear and obvious, the embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below in combination with specific examples and with reference to the drawings.

[0060] It should be noted that all the expressions of "one" and "two" in the embodiments of the present application are used to distinguish two entities with the same name but different parameters or different parameters, and it can be seen that "one" and "two" are only for the convenience of description, and should not be understood as a limitation of the embodiments of the present application. The subsequent embodiments will not be described one by one.

[0061] Example 1:

[0062] The embodiment provides a traffic seat, which comprises a seat surface area and a seat back area 1 which are integrally formed, the seat surface area is connected with the seat back area 1 through a transition area 2, the seat surface area comprises a seat area 3, the seat area 3 is sequentially connected with a transition area 2, a transition area 3, wherein the innermost side and the outermost side of the seat back area 1, the transition area 2, the seat area 3, the transition area 4 and the transition area 5 are respectively an inner glass fiber layer and an outer glass fiber layer, and a carbon fiber layer is arranged between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer; the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer can adopt the glass fiber layer in the prior art, the description of the inner and outer is for better distinguishing the positional relationship, the carbon fiber layer is arranged between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer, the impact resistance of the glass fiber layer is effectively utilized, the rigidity and the strength of the structure are increased through the carbon fiber layer, the mechanical performance advantages of the glass fiber layer and the carbon fiber layer are fully exerted, and the cost is lower than that of a composite material under the condition of meeting the required rigidity and strength; the seat back area 1, the transition area 2, the seat area 3, the transition area 4 and the transition area 5 are integrally formed, the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer effectively utilize the impact resistance and the economy of the glass fiber, and the carbon fiber between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer has the effect of increasing the high strength; preferably, the lamination range of the whole seat is 15-25 layers, the outermost layer and the innermost layer adopt glass fiber, the carbon fiber is adopted between the glass fiber layers, the lamination number is 19 in the stress uniform and flat area, the lamination number is 25 in the corner with relatively large stress concentration, the lamination number is 23 or 21 in the lamination area between the two areas, the lamination number is 15 or 17 in the area with relatively small stress, the whole lamination design adopts a symmetrical and balanced design concept, deformation problems in the forming process are reduced, and interlayer stress is reduced; the embodiment adopts the integrated design of the carbon fiber layer and the glass fiber layer, compared with the glass steel manufacturing, the rigidity is improved, meanwhile, the carbon fiber layer and the glass fiber layer have more excellent strength and lower density, so that the weight of the embodiment is reduced by more than 50% compared with the traditional glass steel structure; preferably, the glass fiber layer adopts glass fiber woven cloth, the carbon fiber layer adopts carbon fiber woven cloth, the glass fiber woven cloth and the carbon fiber woven cloth are made into prepreg, more preferably, T300 UD carbon fiber woven cloth and LY5566 glass fiber woven cloth are adopted.

[0063] Embodiment two

[0064] The embodiment carries out bearing analysis according to the actual service conditions of the seat, each part has independent lamination design, the specific number of layers of each area is limited, and the specific number of layers of each area is limited.

[0065] As Figure 2The seat back area 1 shown in the figure, the dotted line boxed part is the seat back area 1, the ply range of the seat back area 1 is 17-19 layers, the stress of the seat back area 1 is relatively uniform, and the entire surface is relatively flat; wherein, the inner glass fiber layer includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 13-15 layers; the impact resistance and economy of the glass fiber are fully utilized, and the strength is increased by using the carbon fiber; preferably, the ply range of the seat back area 1 is 17 layers or 19 layers, and the carbon fiber layer includes 13 layers or 15 layers, and a symmetrical and balanced design concept is adopted to reduce deformation problems during the forming process and reduce interlayer stress.

[0066] like Figure 3 The transition zone 2 shown is a dotted box portion, and the transition zone 2 has a ply range of 21-23 layers, wherein the inner glass fiber layer includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 17-19 layers; this area is a curved surface area, and the area of ​​this area is large, and the stress is relatively uniform. It is the main load-bearing area of ​​the seat and needs to be thickened. Glass fiber is used on the outer layer to increase impact resistance, and carbon fiber layers are arranged between the glass fiber layers to increase the strength of the entire area; preferably, the ply range of the transition zone 2 is 21 layers or 23 layers, and the carbon fiber layer includes 17 layers or 19 layers. A symmetrical and balanced design concept is adopted to reduce deformation problems during the forming process and reduce interlayer stress.

[0067] like Figure 4 The seating area 3 shown in the figure is framed by a dotted line and has a ply range of 19-21 layers, wherein the inner glass fiber layer includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 15-17 layers; this area has a large area, relatively even stress, and is the main load-bearing area of ​​the seat. The number of plies is appropriately increased, and glass fiber is used on the outer layer to increase impact resistance. Carbon fiber layers are arranged between the glass fiber layers to increase the strength of the entire area; preferably, the ply range of the seating area 3 is 19 or 21 layers, and the carbon fiber layer includes 15 or 17 layers. A symmetrical and balanced design concept is adopted to reduce deformation problems during the forming process and reduce interlayer stress.

[0068] like Figure 5The transition zone 2 4 shown, the dotted line box portion is the transition zone 2 4, and the layup range of the transition zone 2 4 is 21-23 layers, wherein the inner glass fiber layer includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 17-19 layers. This area is a curved surface area with a large curvature of the curved surface and is susceptible to impact during use, so a thickened layup design is performed; preferably, the layup range of the transition zone 2 4 is 21 layers or 23 layers, and the carbon fiber layer includes 17 layers or 19 layers, adopting a symmetrical and balanced design concept to reduce deformation problems during the forming process and reduce interlayer stress.

[0069] like Figure 6 The transition zone three 5 shown in the figure, the dotted line box portion is the transition zone three 5, and the layup range of the transition zone three 5 is 23-25 ​​layers, wherein the inner glass fiber layer includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 19-21 layers. This area is relatively small and is the edge area of ​​the chair seat, and requires thickening of the layup process; preferably, the layup range of the transition zone three 5 is 23 layers or 25 layers, and the carbon fiber layer includes 19 layers or 21 layers, adopting a symmetrical and balanced design concept to reduce deformation problems during the forming process and reduce interlayer stress.

[0070] The above-mentioned different areas are divided by obvious boundaries or sections. The ply laying between adjacent areas adopts the layer-dropping design concept, gradually changing the number of plies; thickening treatment is used at stress concentration points such as surface edges and corners.

[0071] Table 1 shows the number of layers and the order of layers for the 15-layer, 17-layer, 19-layer, 21-layer, 23-layer, and 25-layer seat layup designs:

[0072] When 15 layers are laid, the laying angle of the outer glass fiber layer of the outer layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the outer layer is 45 degrees, (the laying angle refers to the fiber laying angle, 0 degrees is the fiber direction, the strength of this direction is the highest, and the strength of the direction perpendicular to this direction is 90 degrees, the strength of this direction is the lowest), the laying angle of the outer glass fiber layer of the inner layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the inner layer is -45 degrees, 11 layers of carbon fiber layers are laid between the outer glass fiber layer of the inner layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the inner layer, the carbon fiber layer in the middle of the 11 layers of carbon fiber layers is the symmetry plane, the laying angle of the two carbon fiber layers adjacent to the symmetry plane is 90 degrees, and the laying angle of the remaining 8 layers of carbon fiber layers is 0 degrees, as shown in Table 1, the laying angle of the glass fiber layers of the 1st layer and the 25th layer is 45 degrees, the laying angle of the glass fiber layers of the 2nd layer and the 24th layer is -45 degrees, the carbon fiber layer of the 13th layer is the symmetry plane, the laying angle of the carbon fiber layers of the 12th layer and the 14th layer is 90 degrees, and the laying angle of the carbon fiber layers of the 4th layer, the 7th layer, the 8th layer, the 9th layer, the 17th layer, the 18th layer, the 19th layer and the 22nd layer is 0 degrees; the remaining layers adopt a layer design. As shown in Table 1, the laying angle of the glass fiber layers of the 1st layer and the 25th layer is 45 degrees, the laying angle of the glass fiber layers of the 2nd layer and the 24th layer is -45 degrees, the carbon fiber layer of the 13th layer is the symmetry plane, the laying angle of the carbon fiber layers of the 12th layer and the 14th layer is 90 degrees, and the laying angle of the carbon fiber layers of the 4th layer, the 7th layer, the 8th layer, the 9th layer, the 17th layer, the 18th layer, the 19th layer and the 22nd layer is 0 degrees; the remaining layers adopt a layer design.

[0073] When 17 layers are laid, the laying angle of the outer glass fiber layer of the outer layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the outer layer is 45 degrees, (the laying angle refers to the fiber laying angle, 0 degrees is the fiber direction, the strength of this direction is the highest, and the strength of the direction perpendicular to this direction is 90 degrees, the strength of this direction is the lowest), the laying angle of the outer glass fiber layer of the inner layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the inner layer is -45 degrees, 13 layers of carbon fiber layers are laid between the outer glass fiber layer of the inner layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the inner layer, the carbon fiber layer in the middle of the 13 layers of carbon fiber layers is the symmetry plane, the laying angle of the two carbon fiber layers adjacent to the symmetry plane is 90 degrees, and the laying angle of the remaining 10 layers of carbon fiber layers is 0 degrees, as shown in Table 1, the laying angle of the glass fiber layers of the 1st layer and the 25th layer is 45 degrees, the laying angle of the glass fiber layers of the 2nd layer and the 24th layer is -45 degrees, the carbon fiber layer of the 13th layer is the symmetry plane, the laying angle of the carbon fiber layers of the 12th layer and the 14th layer is 90 degrees, and the laying angle of the carbon fiber layers of the 4th layer, the 7th layer, the 8th layer, the 9th layer, the 10th layer, the 16th layer, the 17th layer, the 18th layer, the 19th layer and the 22nd layer is 0 degrees; the remaining layers adopt a layer design.

[0074] When 19 layers are laid, the laying angles of the outer glass fiber layer of the outer layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the outer layer are 45 degrees, the laying angles of the outer glass fiber layer of the inner layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the inner layer are -45 degrees, 15 layers of carbon fiber layers are laid between the outer glass fiber layer of the inner layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the inner layer, the carbon fiber layer in the middle of the 15 layers of carbon fiber layers is the symmetry plane, the laying angles of the two carbon fiber layers adjacent to the symmetry plane are 90 degrees, and the laying angles of the remaining 12 layers of carbon fiber layers are 0 degrees, as shown in Table 1, the laying angles of the glass fiber layers of the 1st layer and the 25th layer are 45 degrees, the laying angles of the glass fiber layers of the 2nd layer and the 24th layer are -45 degrees, the carbon fiber layer of the 13th layer is the symmetry plane, the laying angles of the carbon fiber layers of the 12th layer and the 14th layer are 90 degrees, the laying angles of the carbon fiber layers of the 3rd layer, the 4th layer, the 7th layer, the 8th layer, the 9th layer, the 10th layer, the 16th layer, the 17th layer, the 18th layer, the 19th layer, the 22nd layer and the 23rd layer are 0 degrees; the remaining layers are designed by layer skipping.

[0075] When 21 layers are laid, the laying angles of the outer glass fiber layer of the outer layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the outer layer are 45 degrees, the laying angles of the outer glass fiber layer of the inner layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the inner layer are -45 degrees, 17 layers of carbon fiber layers are laid between the outer glass fiber layer of the inner layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the inner layer, the carbon fiber layer in the middle of the 17 layers of carbon fiber layers is the symmetry plane, the laying angles of the two carbon fiber layers adjacent to the symmetry plane are 90 degrees, and the laying angles of the remaining 14 layers of carbon fiber layers are 0 degrees, as shown in Table 1, the laying angles of the glass fiber layers of the 1st layer and the 25th layer are 45 degrees, the laying angles of the glass fiber layers of the 2nd layer and the 24th layer are -45 degrees, the carbon fiber layer of the 13th layer is the symmetry plane, the laying angles of the carbon fiber layers of the 12th layer and the 14th layer are 90 degrees, the laying angles of the carbon fiber layers of the 3rd layer, the 4th layer, the 7th layer, the 8th layer, the 9th layer, the 10th layer, the 11th layer, the 15th layer, the 16th layer, the 17th layer, the 18th layer, the 19th layer, the 22nd layer and the 23rd layer are 0 degrees; the remaining layers are designed by layer skipping.

[0076] When 23 layers are laid, the laying angles of the outer glass fiber layer of the outer layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the outer layer are 45 degrees, the laying angles of the outer glass fiber layer of the inner layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the inner layer are -45 degrees, 19 layers of carbon fiber layers are laid between the outer glass fiber layer of the inner layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the inner layer, the carbon fiber layer in the middle of the 19 layers of carbon fiber layers is the symmetry plane, the laying angles of the two carbon fiber layers adjacent to the symmetry plane are 90 degrees, as shown in Table 1, the laying angles of the glass fiber layers of the 1st layer and the 25th layer are 45 degrees, the laying angles of the glass fiber layers of the 2nd layer and the 24th layer are -45 degrees, the carbon fiber layer of the 13th layer is the symmetry plane, the laying angles of the carbon fiber layers of the 12th layer and the 14th layer are 90 degrees, the laying angles of the carbon fiber layers of the 5th layer and the 21st layer are 45 degrees, the laying angles of the carbon fiber layers of the 3rd layer, the 4th layer, the 7th layer, the 8th layer, the 9th layer, the 10th layer, the 11th layer, the 15th layer, the 16th layer, the 17th layer, the 18th layer, the 19th layer, the 22nd layer and the 23rd layer are 0 degrees; the remaining layers are designed by deleting layers.

[0077] When 25 layers are laid, the laying angles of the outer glass fiber layer of the outer layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the outer layer are 45 degrees, the laying angles of the outer glass fiber layer of the inner layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the inner layer are -45 degrees, 21 layers of carbon fiber layers are laid between the outer glass fiber layer of the inner layer and the inner glass fiber layer of the inner layer, the carbon fiber layer in the middle of the 21 layers of carbon fiber layers is the symmetry plane, the laying angles of the two carbon fiber layers adjacent to the symmetry plane are 90 degrees, as shown in Table 1, the laying angles of the glass fiber layers of the 1st layer and the 25th layer are 45 degrees, the laying angles of the glass fiber layers of the 2nd layer and the 24th layer are -45 degrees, the carbon fiber layer of the 13th layer is the symmetry plane, the laying angles of the carbon fiber layers of the 12th layer and the 14th layer are 90 degrees, the laying angles of the carbon fiber layers of the 5th layer and the 21st layer are 45 degrees, the laying angles of the carbon fiber layers of the 6th layer and the 20th layer are -45 degrees, the laying angles of the carbon fiber layers of the 3rd layer, the 4th layer, the 7th layer, the 8th layer, the 9th layer, the 10th layer, the 11th layer, the 15th layer, the 16th layer, the 17th layer, the 18th layer, the 19th layer, the 22nd layer and the 23rd layer are 0 degrees.

[0078] The design concept of symmetric balance is adopted, and when 16 layers, 18 layers, 20 layers, 22 layers and 24 layers are set, the symmetric balance can also be realized, for example, when 18 layers are set, the symmetric layer of the 19th layer is deleted, when 24 layers are set, the symmetric layer of the 25th layer is deleted, and the remaining is not described here.

[0079] The deformation problem in the forming process is reduced, and the interlayer stress is reduced.

[0080] Through the design of the laying angles of the layers, the seat in the application has optimal strength, rigidity and impact resistance.

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Table 1

[0084] The whole seat composite material has a range of 15-25 layers, the outermost layer and the innermost layer are glass fiber layers, the carbon fiber layers are arranged between the glass fiber layers, 19 layers of the laying number are arranged in the stress uniform and smooth area, 25 layers of the laying number are arranged in the corner with large stress concentration, the laying number of the material smooth transition between the two areas is designed to be 23 or 21 layers, the laying number is designed to be 15 or 17 in the area with small stress; the whole laying design will adopt a symmetrical and balanced design concept to reduce the deformation problem in the forming process and reduce the interlayer stress.

[0085] Example three

[0086] In order to further improve the strength of the seat, the rear part of the seat back area 1 and the lower part of the transition area 1 are provided with a seat apron 6, and the seat apron 6 is integrally formed with the seat back area 1 and the transition area 1.

[0087] As a preferred solution, in order to facilitate installation, the lower part of the seat surface area is provided with a fixing plate 7, and the fixing plate 7 is provided with a sliding groove 8, the structure of the sliding groove 8 is as shown in Figure 9 The sliding groove 8 is arranged in an integral molding manner, preferably, three sliding grooves 8 are arranged, which can better divide the load, increase the reliability of the connection, and reduce the stress concentration of the connection area.

[0088] As a preferred solution, in order to realize seat heating and improve the comfort of the user in cold weather, one layer of carbon fiber layer in the seat surface area and / or the seat back area 1 can be replaced with a heating layer; more preferably, the heating layer is arranged in one of the second layer to the sixth layer to meet the heating function in cold environment.

[0089] Example four

[0090] The embodiment provides a method for integrally molding an RTM seat, and specifically:

[0091] A traffic seat preparation method, comprising the following steps:

[0092] A1: cutting the material sheet according to the shape of each area of the seat, laying the material sheet according to the layup design of each area to make the preform; the material sheet includes carbon fiber woven cloth and glass fiber woven cloth; the seat areas include seat back area 1, transition area 1 2, seat area 3, transition area 2 4, transition area 3 5, the inner glass fiber layer of the seat back area 1 includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 13-15 layers, preferably 13 layers or 15 layers, when 13 layers or 15 layers are used, the layup design is symmetrical and balanced, which will effectively reduce the deformation problem of the glass fiber layer and the carbon fiber layer during the forming process, and reduce the interlayer stress; the inner glass fiber layer of the transition area 1 2 and the transition area 2 4 includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 17-19 layers, preferably 17 layers or 19 layers, when 17 layers or 19 layers are used, the layup design is symmetrical and balanced, which will effectively reduce the deformation problem of the glass fiber layer and the carbon fiber layer during the forming process, and reduce the interlayer stress; the inner glass fiber layer of the seat area 3 includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 15-17 layers, preferably 15 layers or 17 layers, when 15 layers or 17 layers are used, the layup design is symmetrical and balanced, which will effectively reduce the deformation problem of the glass fiber layer and the carbon fiber layer during the forming process, and reduce the interlayer stress; the inner glass fiber layer of the transition area 3 5 includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 19-21 layers, preferably 19 layers or 21 layers, when 19 layers or 21 layers are used, the layup design is symmetrical and balanced, which will effectively reduce the deformation problem of the glass fiber layer and the carbon fiber layer during the forming process, and reduce the interlayer stress.

[0093] A2: clean the mold and then apply the release agent thoroughly;

[0094] A3: lay the release cloth 1 9 in the mold, place the preform 1 0 on the release cloth 1 9, and lay another layer of release cloth 2 1 1 on the upper part of the preform; the release cloth 1 9 and the release cloth 2 1 1 use the release cloth in the prior art, and the different description methods are used to distinguish different positions, the release cloth 1 9 reduces the pressing effect between the flow guide medium and the preform 1 0, and avoids the direct adhesion of the fiber in the grid of the flow guide medium and the vacuum bag; the release cloth 2 1 1 prevents easy demolding after curing;

[0095] A4: sequentially lay isolation film 12, flow guide net 13 and vacuum bag 14 above the release cloth 11; the isolation film 12 is laid, which can separate the preformed body 10 and other materials, and plays a role of allowing gas to pass while limiting a certain amount of resin from passing; the flow guide net 13 is laid, which can form a channel for the resin to flow quickly, thereby playing a role of guiding the resin; the vacuum bag 14 is laid, and the vacuum degree is maintained through the wrapping of the vacuum bag, which ensures the air tightness in the vacuum bag 14, and avoids air from entering to cause bubbles;

[0096] A5: mold clamping;

[0097] A6: preheat the resin to 35-50℃, and perform resin infusion; the resin is prepared by using epoxy resin E51 and curing agent D400 in a ratio of 1:0.65-1:0.85, when the resin is preheated to 35-50℃, the air pump is connected, the pressure is increased, and the vacuum is continued, the resin is infused, and the resin infusion at a temperature of 35-50℃ can effectively increase the bending strength of the product;

[0098] A7: curing, the curing process includes first stage, second stage, third stage and fourth stage, wherein the first stage is heated to 45℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min, and kept at a constant temperature of 45℃ for 30min; the second stage is heated to 65℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min, and kept for 60min; the third stage is heated to 85℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min, and kept for 180min; the fourth stage is cooled to room temperature at a rate of-1℃ / min, and the whole process is kept at one atmosphere pressure; the mold pressing forming curing process is as shown in Figure 12

[0099] A8: mold opening, demolding and taking; according to the installation requirements and shape requirements of the seat, the seat product is inspected for matching size and surface quality, and the standard product is obtained after the inspection is qualified, and the weight reduction of the glass steel door column cover can reach more than 50%.

[0100] The RTM forming seat workpiece has high precision and high production efficiency; the process of preparing the pre-impregnated material by the hand lay-up method is omitted, which effectively reduces the production complexity and cost; the resin impregnation process helps to reduce defects caused by bubbles between each layer, and improves the quality of the product.

[0101] Example five;

[0102] The embodiment provides a method for integrally forming a seat by mold pressing, in particular:

[0103] A method for preparing a traffic seat, comprising the following steps:

[0104] ​A1: According to the shape of each area of the seat, the sheet is cut, and the sheet is made into a prepreg; the sheet includes carbon fiber woven cloth and glass fiber woven cloth, and the carbon fiber woven cloth and the glass fiber woven cloth are made into a prepreg; the carbon fiber woven cloth adopts T300, and the glass fiber woven cloth adopts LY5566; the preparation of the prepreg can be performed by a hand lay-up method to coat resin on the carbon fiber woven cloth and the glass fiber woven cloth to prepare the prepreg;

[0105] A2: According to the ply design of each area of the seat, the prepreg is laid on the mold; the seat areas include a seat back area 1, a transition area 1 2, a seat area 3, a transition area 2 4, and a transition area 3 5; the inner glass fiber layer of the seat back area 1 includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 13-15 layers, preferably 13 layers or 15 layers; when 13 layers or 15 layers are adopted, the ply design is symmetrical and balanced, which can effectively reduce the deformation problem of the glass fiber layer and the carbon fiber layer during the forming process and reduce the interlayer stress; the inner glass fiber layer of the transition area 1 2 and the transition area 2 4 each includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer each includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer each includes 17-19 layers, preferably 17 layers or 19 layers; when 17 layers or 19 layers are adopted, the ply design is symmetrical and balanced, which can effectively reduce the deformation problem of the glass fiber layer and the carbon fiber layer during the forming process and reduce the interlayer stress; the inner glass fiber layer of the seat area 3 includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 15-17 layers, preferably 15 layers or 17 layers; when 15 layers or 17 layers are adopted, the ply design is symmetrical and balanced, which can effectively reduce the deformation problem of the glass fiber layer and the carbon fiber layer during the forming process and reduce the interlayer stress; the inner glass fiber layer of the transition area 3 5 includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 19-21 layers, preferably 19 layers or 21 layers; when 19 layers or 21 layers are adopted, the ply design is symmetrical and balanced, which can effectively reduce the deformation problem of the glass fiber layer and the carbon fiber layer during the forming process and reduce the interlayer stress.

[0106] A3: clamping, curing by curing process, the curing process includes first stage, second stage, third stage, wherein the first stage pressure is 0MPa, temperature is 50℃, resin begins to gel 60min; the second stage applies pressure 15MPa, temperature rises to 90℃, curing 120min; the third stage naturally cools to room temperature;

[0107] A4: opening the mold, demolding and taking the piece; according to the installation requirements and the shape requirements of the seat, the seat product is inspected for matching size and surface quality, and the standard piece is obtained after the inspection is qualified; compared with the glass steel door column cover, the weight reduction can reach more than 50%.

[0108] In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the application has the following advantages:

[0109] 1. The seat based on carbon fiber layer and glass fiber layer, especially suitable for the field of transportation, adopts an integrated structure design, firstly, the carbon fiber layer and the glass fiber layer are both single-layer structures, not composite materials, and the material cost is low; secondly, the structure form and the layer design are based on the actual service condition of the structure for bearing analysis, and the structure design increases the stiffness while reducing the product quality, increases the natural frequency of the seat, reduces the product cracking caused by modal resonance, fully develops the mechanical performance advantages of the carbon fiber layer and the glass fiber layer, and realizes the structure weight reduction of more than 50% under the condition that the original structure stiffness is unchanged; the cost is considered, and the seat performance and appearance are improved.

[0110] 2. The layer design of the whole seat adopts a symmetrical and balanced design concept, effectively reduces the deformation problem of the carbon fiber layer and the glass fiber layer in the material forming process, and reduces the interlayer stress.

[0111] 3. The seat conforms to the demand of lightweight design of key parts of urban rail vehicles, has certain market application prospect, and can realize the loading application of urban rail vehicles and has certain market value.

[0112] 4. The seat back area, the transition area one, the seat area, the transition area two, the transition area three, the seat apron, the fixed plate and the sliding groove are integrally formed, the advantages of integrated forming are utilized, the seat back area and the seat surface area are integrated designed, different requirements of different positions on the mechanical properties are optimized through the layer design, the continuity of the fiber at the parting surface is realized by using the progressive layer, the problem that defects are easily generated at the heterogeneous interface is solved, the layer of the seat is composed of carbon fiber woven cloth prepreg and glass fiber woven cloth prepreg, and the seat back area and the seat surface area are integrally formed through RTM forming.

[0113] 5. The application can reduce the production cost of the seat in the field of rail transit and prolong the service life of the seat; the application is different from the traditional metal seat structure and form in terms of raw material selection, layer design and forming process; at the same time, the preparation process can be mass-produced to reduce the cost; the integrated forming can effectively avoid stress concentration and other adverse effects.

[0114] 6. The production of the application requires low, can be mass-produced, and has high automation rate; the production process requires low, and is less polluting than the traditional metal seat.

[0115] It should be particularly pointed out that each component or step in the above-mentioned various embodiments can be crossed, replaced, added, deleted, and thus the combinations formed by these reasonable permutations and combinations should also belong to the protection scope of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application should not be limited to the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0116] The above is the exemplary embodiment disclosed by the present application, and the sequence of the above-mentioned embodiments disclosed by the present application is only for description, not representing the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. However, it should be noted that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is only exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the embodiments disclosed by the present application (including claims) is limited to these examples, and various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope defined by the claims. The functions, steps and / or acts of the method claims described in the embodiments disclosed herein need not be performed in any particular order. In addition, although the elements disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be described or claimed in singular form, they can also be understood as plural unless explicitly limited as singular.

[0117] It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is only exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the embodiments disclosed by the present application (including claims) is limited to these examples; under the idea of the embodiments of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and there are many other changes of different aspects of the embodiments of the present application as described above. In order to be brief, they are not provided in details. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made in the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A traffic seat comprising an integrally formed seat seat surface area and seat back area (1), characterized in that, The seat cushion area is connected with the seat back area (1) through a transition area one (2), the seat cushion area comprises a seat area (3), the seat area (3) is sequentially connected with a transition area two (4), a transition area three (5), wherein the innermost side and the outermost side of the seat back area (1), the transition area one (2), the seat area (3), the transition area two (4), the transition area three (5) are respectively an inner glass fiber layer and an outer glass fiber layer, a carbon fiber layer is arranged between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer, wherein: The inner glass fiber layer of the seat back area (1) comprises two layers, the outer glass fiber layer comprises two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer comprises 13-15 layers; The inner glass fiber layer of the transition area one (2) comprises two layers, the outer glass fiber layer comprises two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer comprises 17-19 layers; The inner glass fiber layer of the seat area (3) comprises two layers, the outer glass fiber layer comprises two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer comprises 15-17 layers; The inner glass fiber layer of the transition area two (4) comprises two layers, the outer glass fiber layer comprises two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer comprises 17-19 layers; The inner glass fiber layer of the transition area three (5) comprises two layers, the outer glass fiber layer comprises two layers, and the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer comprises 19-21 layers.

2. A method of manufacturing a transportation seat, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: A1: cutting the sheet according to the shape of each area of the seat, and making the preform according to the layer design of each area; the sheet comprises carbon fiber woven cloth and glass fiber woven cloth; A2: clean the mold, and then apply release agent; A3: lay release cloth one in the mold, place the preform on the release cloth one, and lay another layer of release cloth two on the upper part of the preform; A4: lay isolation film, flow guide net and vacuum bag on the upper part of the release cloth two in sequence; A5: mold closing; A6: preheat the resin to 35-50℃, and perform resin pouring; A7: curing, the curing process comprises a first stage, a second stage, a third stage and a fourth stage, wherein the first stage is to increase the temperature to 45℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min, maintain a constant temperature of 45℃ for 30min; the second stage is to increase the temperature to 65℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min, and maintain the temperature for 60min; the third stage is to increase the temperature to 85℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min, and maintain the temperature for 180min; the fourth stage is to decrease the temperature to room temperature at a rate of -1℃ / min, and the whole process of the curing process maintains one atmosphere pressure. The seat each area includes seat back area (1), transition area one (2), seat area (3), transition area two (4), transition area three (5), the inner glass fiber layer of the seat back area (1) includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 13-15 layers;The inner glass fiber layer of the transition area one (2), the transition area two (4) includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 17-19 layers;The inner glass fiber layer of the seat area (3) includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 15-17 layers;The inner glass fiber layer of the transition area three (5) includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 19-21 layers.

3. A method of manufacturing a transportation seat, characterized by, It includes the following steps: A1: according to the shape of each area of the seat, the sheet is cut, and the sheet is made into a prepreg;The sheet includes carbon fiber woven cloth and glass fiber woven cloth; A2: according to the layer design of each area of the seat, the prepreg is laid on the mold; A3: clamping, curing through curing process, the curing process includes first stage, second stage, third stage, wherein the first stage pressure is 0MPa, the temperature is 50℃, the resin begins to gel 60min;The second stage applies pressure 15MPa, the temperature is raised to 90℃, and the curing is 120min;The third stage is naturally cooled to room temperature; A4: opening mold, demolding and taking parts, The seat each area includes seat back area (1), transition area one (2), seat area (3), transition area two (4), transition area three (5), the inner glass fiber layer of the seat back area (1) includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 13-15 layers;The inner glass fiber layer of the transition area one (2), the transition area two (4) includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 17-19 layers;The inner glass fiber layer of the seat area (3) includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 15-17 layers;The inner glass fiber layer of the transition area three (5) includes two layers, the outer glass fiber layer includes two layers, the carbon fiber layer between the inner glass fiber layer and the outer glass fiber layer includes 19-21 layers.

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