A highly breathable and waterproof suit for deep-water operations and its preparation method

Abstract

This application relates to a highly breathable and waterproof suit for deep-water operations and its preparation method. The waterproof suit includes a waterproof fabric body, which comprises an outer fabric, a first adhesive layer, a middle layer, a second adhesive layer, and an inner fabric arranged sequentially. The middle layer comprises a protective layer, a third adhesive layer, and a breathable layer arranged sequentially. The protective layer is disposed between the first and third adhesive layers, and the breathable layer is disposed between the third and second adhesive layers. All adhesive layers are formed by curing adhesives. The protective layer is obtained by adding a first pore-forming agent to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), stirring, extruding, stretching to form pores, and sintering to fix it. The breathable layer is obtained by dissolving hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid in water, adding PTFE, stirring, filtering, and drying to obtain a mixture, then adding a second pore-forming agent to the mixture, stirring, extruding, stretching to form pores, and sintering to fix it. This application enables the waterproof suit fabric to have good waterproof and breathable performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of waterproof clothing, and in particular to a highly breathable waterproof clothing for deep-water operations and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Waterproof clothing is mainly used to protect personnel engaged in operations involving water spraying, splashing, and immersion in water. It is a type of workwear that prevents water penetration and seepage.

[0003] Currently, the main materials used in waterproof clothing, besides rubber-coated fabrics, include polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) plastic products. Among these, composite materials made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microporous membranes and textiles are widely used. However, when people exercise or work, their bodies excrete a large amount of oil and dirt through sweat glands. When this oil and dirt pass through the micropores in the PTFE microporous membrane, the relatively large size of the oil molecules and dirt particles can cause blockage of the smaller pores in the PTFE microporous membrane, thus reducing the breathability of the waterproof clothing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To improve the breathability of waterproof clothing for deep-water operations, this application provides a highly breathable waterproof clothing for deep-water operations and a method for preparing the same.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a highly breathable and waterproof suit for deep-water operations, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A highly breathable and waterproof suit for deep-water operations includes a waterproof suit fabric body. The waterproof suit fabric body is sequentially composed of an outer fabric, a first adhesive layer, a middle layer, a second adhesive layer, and an inner fabric. The middle layer includes a protective layer, a third adhesive layer, and a breathable layer sequentially disposed therefrom. The protective layer is disposed between the first adhesive layer and the third adhesive layer, and the breathable layer is disposed between the third adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer. The first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, and the third adhesive layer are all formed by curing adhesives.

[0007] The method for preparing the protective layer includes the following steps:

[0008] The first pore-forming agent is added to polytetrafluoroethylene and stirred evenly. Then, the mixture is successively extruded, stretched to form pores, and sintered to fix, thus obtaining a protective layer.

[0009] The method for preparing the breathable layer includes the following steps:

[0010] S1. Add hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid to water, then add polytetrafluoroethylene, stir evenly, and then filter and dry to obtain a mixture.

[0011] S2. Add the second pore-forming agent to the mixture, stir evenly, and then successively extrude, stretch to form pores, and sinter to fix, to obtain the air-permeable layer.

[0012] By creating a breathable layer and a protective layer, the waterproof garment achieves good waterproof and breathable properties, resulting in excellent performance in actual use. The specific solution analysis is as follows:

[0013] First, during the preparation of the breathable layer, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid are added to water to generate reactive oxygen species. These reactive oxygen species break the CF bonds of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), causing the PTFE molecular structure to be defluorinated. The defluorinated areas are then replaced by hydroxyl groups from the water. Since PTFE molecules contain hydroxyl groups, which are polar groups and can form temporary bonds with water through hydrogen bonds, they attract water molecules. Therefore, PTFE has good hydrophilicity, which can better attract water vapor molecules produced by the body, thereby reducing the attraction of oil molecules and dirt particles. This effectively reduces the micropore clogging of the breathable layer, thus significantly enhancing the breathability of the waterproof clothing.

[0014] Secondly, during the preparation of the protective layer, the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microporous membrane contains a large number of micropores, which allow water vapor molecules generated by the body to pass through. When water exists in liquid form, the intermolecular forces between water molecules cause them to attract each other, reducing their attraction to the air. Furthermore, due to the influence of intermolecular forces, a resultant force pointing inward—surface tension—is formed at the interface between liquid water and air. The presence of surface tension inhibits water molecules from passing through the micropores, making it difficult for liquid water to pass through, thus effectively improving the waterproof and breathable properties of the waterproof garment.

[0015] Preferably, in the method for preparing the breathable layer, the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide, and sulfuric acid is 1:(0.4-0.6):(0.6-0.8).

[0016] When preparing the breathable layer, by controlling the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide, and sulfuric acid within the above range, the amount of active oxygen generated after hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid are added to water can be better controlled, which is more effective in modifying the hydrophilicity of polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0017] Preferably, the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) used in the protective layer preparation method is modified, and the modified PTFE preparation method includes the following steps:

[0018] P1. Add polyurethane to water to form a polyurethane aqueous solution;

[0019] P2. Add polytetrafluoroethylene and dispersant to a polyurethane aqueous solution, stir, and filter to obtain modified polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0020] When preparing the protective layer, the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microporous membrane has poor elasticity and will undergo large deformation at the stress point without recovering, thus affecting the service life of the PTFE microporous membrane. Therefore, by modifying PTFE, the PTFE microporous membrane can be made to have better elasticity.

[0021] During the preparation of the protective layer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is stretched into a fiber structure, and polyurethane attached to PTFE is also stretched into a fine mesh structure of elastic fibers. This structure can effectively improve the elastic properties of the PTFE microporous membrane. The enhanced elasticity of the PTFE microporous membrane can effectively reduce stress damage to the PTFE microporous membrane, thereby increasing the lifespan of the PTFE microporous membrane.

[0022] When preparing the protective layer, the perfect symmetry of PTFE results in low attractive force and surface energy, making PTFE a non-polar plastic, while polyurethane is a polar thermoplastic elastomer. This leads to poor permeability between PTFE and polyurethane, making them difficult to mix evenly. Adding a dispersant can improve the permeability between PTFE and polyurethane.

[0023] Preferably, in the modified preparation method of polytetrafluoroethylene, the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane and dispersant is 1:(0.8-1.2):(0.2-0.4).

[0024] When preparing the protective layer, by controlling the polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, and dispersant within the above-mentioned range, the dispersing effect of the dispersant can be fully utilized, allowing the polytetrafluoroethylene and polyurethane to mix with each other, thereby effectively enhancing the modification effect.

[0025] Preferably, the dispersant is nano-silica.

[0026] During the preparation of the protective layer, nano-silica allows polyurethane and polytetrafluoroethylene to interpenetrate and are not easily dispersed, effectively enhancing the blending uniformity of polyurethane and polytetrafluoroethylene, thereby enhancing the elastic properties of the protective layer.

[0027] Preferably, the nano-silica is prepared by modification, and the method for preparing the modified nano-silica includes the following steps:

[0028] Modified silica was prepared by adding nano-silica and silane coupling agent to toluene, mixing and reacting, and then centrifuging and drying.

[0029] During the preparation of the protective layer, the hydrophilic and oleophobic surface of nano-silica makes it difficult for nano-silica to impregnate and disperse in polyurethane and polytetrafluoroethylene, thus hindering its effectiveness. However, by chemically bonding the hydrolytic groups in the silane coupling agent with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of nano-silica molecules, an organic adsorption layer is formed, giving the nano-silica oleophilic properties. This improves the dispersibility of nano-silica in polyurethane and polytetrafluoroethylene, effectively enhancing the blending uniformity of polyurethane and polytetrafluoroethylene, and consequently improving the elastic properties of the protective layer.

[0030] Preferably, the mass ratio of the nano-silica to the silane coupling agent is 1:(0.02-0.04).

[0031] When preparing the protective layer, by controlling the nano-silica and silane coupling agent within the above-mentioned range, the oleophilicity of the nano-silica can be better improved, thereby better dispersing it in polyurethane and polytetrafluoroethylene, thus enhancing the blending uniformity of polyurethane and polytetrafluoroethylene, and ultimately improving the elastic properties of the protective layer.

[0032] Preferably, the silane coupling agent is KH-560.

[0033] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a highly breathable and waterproof deep-water operation suit as described in the first aspect, employing the following technical solution:

[0034] M1. The protective layer and the breathable layer are bonded and cured together with a third adhesive layer to form an intermediate layer;

[0035] M2. The protective layer is bonded to the outer fabric using the first adhesive layer, and the breathable layer is bonded to the inner fabric using the second adhesive layer to obtain the waterproof clothing fabric body.

[0036] M3. Cut and weave the prepared waterproof fabric to make waterproof clothing.

[0037] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0038] 1. In the preparation method of the protective layer, the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microporous membrane contains a large number of micropores, which allow water vapor molecules generated by the body to pass through. However, due to the surface tension, liquid water molecules are inhibited from passing through the micropores, making it difficult for liquid water to pass through. This effectively improves the waterproof and breathable effect of the waterproof clothing.

[0039] 2. In the preparation method of the breathable layer, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid are added to water and react with polytetrafluoroethylene, which makes polytetrafluoroethylene have good hydrophilicity, which can better attract water vapor molecules produced by the body, reduce the attraction of oil molecules and dirt particles, effectively reduce and avoid the clogging of micropores in the breathable layer, and better enhance the breathability of the waterproof clothing. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a waterproof clothing fabric body in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0042] 1. Outer fabric; 2. First adhesive layer; 3. Middle layer; 31. Protective layer; 32. Third adhesive layer; 33. Breathable layer; 4. Second adhesive layer; 5. Inner fabric. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 This application will be described in further detail.

[0044] This application discloses a highly breathable and waterproof suit for deep-water operations. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The deep-water operation high-breathability waterproof suit includes a waterproof suit fabric body, which includes an outer fabric 1, a first adhesive layer 2, a middle layer 3, a second adhesive layer 4 and an inner fabric 5 arranged in sequence. The middle layer 3 includes a protective layer 31, a third adhesive layer 32 and a breathable layer 33 arranged in sequence. The protective layer 31 is disposed between the first adhesive layer 2 and the third adhesive layer 32, and the breathable layer 33 is disposed between the third adhesive layer 32 and the second adhesive layer 4. The first adhesive layer 2, the second adhesive layer 4 and the third adhesive layer 32 are all formed by curing adhesives.

[0045] The preparation method of a highly breathable and waterproof suit for deep-water operations includes the following steps:

[0046] M1. The protective layer 31 and the breathable layer 33 are bonded and cured together by the third adhesive layer 32 to form the intermediate layer 3;

[0047] M2. The protective layer 31 is bonded to the outer fabric 1 through the first adhesive layer 2, and the breathable layer 33 is bonded to the inner fabric 5 through the second adhesive layer 4 to obtain the waterproof clothing fabric body.

[0048] M3. Cut and weave the prepared waterproof fabric to make waterproof clothing.

[0049] The outer fabric 1 and the inner fabric 5 are made of a blend of nylon, polyester, cotton, wool and other fibers; the adhesives for the first adhesive layer 2, the second adhesive layer 4 and the third adhesive layer 32 are polyurethane adhesives.

[0050] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and comparative examples. All raw materials involved in the present application can be obtained commercially. Polytetrafluoroethylene is provided by Shandong Xingfu New Materials Co., Ltd., and polyurethane is provided by East China University of Science and Technology Huachang Polymer Co., Ltd.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The method for preparing the protective layer includes the following steps:

[0053] Add 50g of the first pore-forming agent to 100g of polytetrafluoroethylene and stir evenly to obtain the first mixture. Then, preheat the blank forming mold and the first mixture to 120°C, press the first mixture into a blank using the blank forming mold, and then push the blank into a rod using the blank forming mold. Next, place the rod in a three-roll calender preheated to 115°C and press and stretch the rod into a sheet using the three-roll calender. Then, raise the temperature of the three-roll calender to 125°C and stretch the sheet into a film using the three-roll calender. Then, raise the temperature of the three-roll calender to 260°C to form a microporous structure in the film. Finally, sinter and shape the film to form a protective layer.

[0054] The method for preparing the breathable layer includes the following steps:

[0055] S1. Add 50g of hydrogen peroxide and 70g of sulfuric acid to 600mL of water, then add 100g of polytetrafluoroethylene, stir evenly, and then filter and dry to obtain the second mixture.

[0056] S2. Add 50g of the second pore-forming agent to the second mixture and stir evenly to obtain the third mixture. Then, preheat the blank forming mold and the first mixture to 120°C, press the first mixture into a blank using the blank forming mold, and then push the blank into a rod using the blank forming mold. Next, place the rod in a three-roll calender preheated to 115°C and press and stretch the rod into a sheet using the three-roll calender. Then, raise the temperature of the three-roll calender to 125°C and stretch the sheet into a film using the three-roll calender. Then, raise the temperature of the three-roll calender to 260°C to form a microporous structure in the film. Finally, sinter and shape the film to obtain a breathable layer.

[0057] Both the first pore-forming agent and the second pore-forming agent are sodium chloride.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] The method for preparing the protective layer includes the following steps:

[0060] Add 50g of the first pore-forming agent to 100g of polytetrafluoroethylene and stir evenly to obtain the first mixture. Then, preheat the blank forming mold and the first mixture to 120°C, press the first mixture into a blank using the blank forming mold, and then push the blank into a rod using the blank forming mold. Next, place the rod in a three-roll calender preheated to 115°C and press and stretch the rod into a sheet using the three-roll calender. Then, raise the temperature of the three-roll calender to 125°C and stretch the sheet into a film using the three-roll calender. Then, raise the temperature of the three-roll calender to 260°C to form a microporous structure in the film. Finally, sinter and shape the film to form a protective layer.

[0061] The method for preparing the breathable layer includes the following steps:

[0062] S1. Add 40g of hydrogen peroxide and 80g of sulfuric acid to 600mL of water, then add 100g of polytetrafluoroethylene, stir evenly, and then filter and dry to obtain the second mixture.

[0063] S2. Add 50g of the second pore-forming agent to the second mixture and stir evenly to obtain the third mixture. Then, preheat the blank forming mold and the first mixture to 120°C, press the first mixture into a blank using the blank forming mold, and then push the blank into a rod using the blank forming mold. Next, place the rod in a three-roll calender preheated to 115°C and press and stretch the rod into a sheet using the three-roll calender. Then, raise the temperature of the three-roll calender to 125°C and stretch the sheet into a film using the three-roll calender. Then, raise the temperature of the three-roll calender to 260°C to form a microporous structure in the film. Finally, sinter and shape the film to obtain a breathable layer.

[0064] Both the first pore-forming agent and the second pore-forming agent are sodium chloride.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] The method for preparing the protective layer includes the following steps:

[0067] Add 50g of the first pore-forming agent to 100g of polytetrafluoroethylene and stir evenly to obtain the first mixture. Then, preheat the blank forming mold and the first mixture to 120°C, press the first mixture into a blank using the blank forming mold, and then push the blank into a rod using the blank forming mold. Next, place the rod in a three-roll calender preheated to 115°C and press and stretch the rod into a sheet using the three-roll calender. Then, raise the temperature of the three-roll calender to 125°C and stretch the sheet into a film using the three-roll calender. Then, raise the temperature of the three-roll calender to 260°C to form a microporous structure in the film. Finally, sinter and shape the film to form a protective layer.

[0068] The method for preparing the breathable layer includes the following steps:

[0069] S1. Add 60g of hydrogen peroxide and 60g of sulfuric acid to 600mL of water, then add 100g of polytetrafluoroethylene, stir evenly, and then filter and dry to obtain the second mixture.

[0070] S2. Add 50g of the second pore-forming agent to the second mixture and stir evenly to obtain the third mixture. Then, preheat the blank forming mold and the first mixture to 120°C, press the first mixture into a blank using the blank forming mold, and then push the blank into a rod using the blank forming mold. Next, place the rod in a three-roll calender preheated to 115°C and press and stretch the rod into a sheet using the three-roll calender. Then, raise the temperature of the three-roll calender to 125°C and stretch the sheet into a film using the three-roll calender. Then, raise the temperature of the three-roll calender to 260°C to form a microporous structure in the film. Finally, sinter and shape the film to obtain a breathable layer.

[0071] Both the first pore-forming agent and the second pore-forming agent are sodium chloride.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid in the preparation of the breathable layer is 1:0.2:0.7.

[0074] Example 5

[0075] The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid in the preparation of the breathable layer is 1:0.8:0.7.

[0076] Example 6

[0077] The difference between Example 6 and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid in the preparation of the breathable layer is 1:0.5:0.4.

[0078] Example 7

[0079] The difference between Example 7 and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid in the preparation of the breathable layer is 1:0.5:1.

[0080] Example 8

[0081] The difference between Example 8 and Example 1 is that the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the protective layer preparation method is modified. The modified PTFE preparation method includes the following steps:

[0082] 100g of polyurethane was added to 500mL of water to form a polyurethane aqueous solution. 100g of polytetrafluoroethylene and 30g of nano-silica were added to the polyurethane aqueous solution and stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was then filtered to obtain modified polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0083] Example 9

[0084] The difference between Example 9 and Example 8 is as follows:

[0085] Add 80g of polyurethane to 500mL of water to form a polyurethane aqueous solution. Add 100g of polytetrafluoroethylene and 40g of nano-silica to the polyurethane aqueous solution, stir until homogeneous, filter, and obtain modified polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0086] Example 10

[0087] The difference between Example 10 and Example 8 is:

[0088] 120g of polyurethane was added to 500mL of water to form a polyurethane aqueous solution. 100g of polytetrafluoroethylene and 20g of nano-silica were added to the polyurethane aqueous solution, stirred until homogeneous, and filtered to obtain modified polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0089] Example 11

[0090] The difference between Example 11 and Example 8 is that the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane and nano silica in the modified preparation of polytetrafluoroethylene is 1:0.6:0.3.

[0091] Example 12

[0092] The difference between Example 12 and Example 8 is that the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane and nano silica in the modified preparation of polytetrafluoroethylene is 1:1.4:0.3.

[0093] Example 13

[0094] The difference between Example 13 and Example 8 is that the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane and nano silica in the modified preparation of polytetrafluoroethylene is 1:1:0.1.

[0095] Example 14

[0096] The difference between Example 14 and Example 8 is that the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane and nano silica in the preparation of polytetrafluoroethylene is 1:1:0.5.

[0097] Example 15

[0098] The difference between Example 15 and Example 8 is that the nano-silica used in the preparation of the protective layer is obtained through modification. The method for preparing modified nano-silica includes the following steps:

[0099] 30g of nano-silica and 0.9g of silane coupling agent were added to 200mL of toluene and mixed to obtain a mixture. The mixture was then centrifuged and dried to obtain modified silica.

[0100] The silane coupling agent is KH-560.

[0101] Example 16

[0102] The difference between Example 16 and Example 15 is as follows:

[0103] 30g of nano-silica and 0.6g of silane coupling agent were added to 200mL of toluene and mixed to obtain a mixture. The mixture was then centrifuged and dried to obtain modified silica.

[0104] The silane coupling agent is KH-560.

[0105] Example 17

[0106] The difference between Example 17 and Example 15 is as follows:

[0107] 30g of nano-silica and 1.2g of silane coupling agent were added to 200mL of toluene and mixed to obtain a mixture. The mixture was then centrifuged and dried to obtain modified silica.

[0108] The silane coupling agent is KH-560.

[0109] Example 18

[0110] The difference between Example 18 and Example 15 is that the mass ratio of nano-silica to silane coupling agent in the modified preparation of nano-silica is 1:0.01.

[0111] Example 19

[0112] The difference between Example 19 and Example 15 is that the mass ratio of nano-silica to silane coupling agent in the modified preparation of nano-silica is 1:0.05.

[0113] Comparative Example 1

[0114] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the intermediate layer only includes a protective layer.

[0115] Comparative Example 2

[0116] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the intermediate layer only includes a breathable layer.

[0117] Comparative Example 3

[0118] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid in the preparation of the breathable layer is 1:0:0.7.

[0119] Comparative Example 4

[0120] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid in the preparation of the breathable layer is 1:0.5:0.

[0121] Performance testing:

[0122] Detection methods

[0123] The windproof clothing fabrics prepared in Examples 1-19 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were used as test samples. The area of ​​each test sample was 100mm × 100mm. Waterproof performance and breathability were tested on the waterproof clothing fabrics prepared in Examples 1-19 and Comparative Examples 1-4, and the relevant data were recorded.

[0124] Waterproof performance test: The standard GB / T47AA-2013 "Test and evaluation of waterproof performance of textiles - hydrostatic method" was selected. Each sample was tested 5 times, and the average value was taken after the test. The test results were filled in Table 1.

[0125] Air permeability test: The standard GB / T5453-1997 "Test of air permeability of textile fabrics" was selected. Each sample was tested 5 times, and the average value was taken after the test. The test results were filled in Table 1.

[0126] Table 1

[0127]

[0128]

[0129] Data Analysis:

[0130] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Examples 1-3 is 35.6-36.6 kPa and the air permeability is 42.7-44.3 mm / s, which shows that the waterproof clothing fabric of this application has good waterproof and breathable effects.

[0131] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof garment body fabric in Example 4 is 32.6 kPa, and the air permeability is 35.5 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof garment body fabrics of Examples 1-3, the air permeability of the waterproof garment body fabric in Example 4 is significantly reduced. The reason is that in the preparation of the breathable layer of the waterproof garment body fabric in Example 4, the amount of hydrogen peroxide was insufficient, resulting in incomplete reaction between polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide, and sulfuric acid. This prevented the generation of sufficient active oxygen, causing some polytetrafluoroethylene molecules to not undergo CF bond breakage and be replaced by hydroxyl groups. Consequently, this portion of polytetrafluoroethylene lacks hydrophilicity, leading to a decrease in the air permeability of the breathable layer, and thus a decrease in the air permeability of the waterproof garment body fabric.

[0132] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof garment body fabric in Example 5 is 31.8 kPa, and the air permeability is 35.7 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof garment body fabrics of Examples 1-3, the air permeability of the waterproof garment body fabric in Example 5 is significantly reduced. The reason is that in the preparation of the breathable layer of the waterproof garment body fabric in Example 5, the amount of sulfuric acid was too small, resulting in incomplete reaction between polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide, and sulfuric acid. This prevented the generation of sufficient active oxygen, causing some polytetrafluoroethylene molecules to not undergo CF bond breakage and be replaced by hydroxyl groups. Consequently, this part of the polytetrafluoroethylene lacks hydrophilicity, leading to a decrease in the air permeability of the breathable layer, and thus a decrease in the air permeability of the waterproof garment body fabric.

[0133] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof garment body fabric in Example 6 is 32.3 kPa, and the air permeability is 36.4 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof garment body fabrics of Examples 1-3, the air permeability of the waterproof garment body fabric in Example 6 is significantly reduced. The reason is that in the preparation of the breathable layer of the waterproof garment body fabric in Example 6, the amount of sulfuric acid was too small, resulting in incomplete reaction between polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide, and sulfuric acid. This prevented the generation of sufficient active oxygen, causing some polytetrafluoroethylene molecules to not undergo CF bond breakage and be replaced by hydroxyl groups. Consequently, this part of the polytetrafluoroethylene lacks hydrophilicity, leading to a decrease in the air permeability of the breathable layer, and thus a decrease in the air permeability of the waterproof garment body fabric.

[0134] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof garment body fabric in Example 7 is 32.1 kPa, and the air permeability is 36.1 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof garment body fabrics of Examples 1-3, the air permeability of the waterproof garment body fabric in Example 7 is significantly reduced. The reason is that in the preparation of the breathable layer of the waterproof garment body fabric in Example 7, the amount of hydrogen peroxide was insufficient, resulting in incomplete reaction between polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide, and sulfuric acid. This prevented the generation of sufficient active oxygen, causing some polytetrafluoroethylene molecules to not undergo CF bond breakage and be replaced by hydroxyl groups. Consequently, this portion of polytetrafluoroethylene lacks hydrophilicity, leading to a decrease in the air permeability of the breathable layer, and thus a decrease in the air permeability of the waterproof garment body fabric.

[0135] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Examples 8-10 is 57.8-58.9 kPa, and the air permeability is 49.1-50.3 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof clothing fabric in Examples 1-3, the hydrostatic pressure and air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric in Examples 8-10 are significantly improved. This is because, during the preparation of the protective layer, the polytetrafluoroethylene in the waterproof clothing fabric of Examples 8-10 is modified, which improves the elasticity of the protective layer, thereby reducing the deformation caused by insufficient elasticity and effectively improving the waterproof and breathable performance of the waterproof clothing. In addition, the enhanced elasticity of the protective layer strengthens the protection of the breathable layer, better preventing damage to the breathable layer, and thus improving the breathability of the waterproof clothing fabric.

[0136] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 11 is 55.9 kPa, and the air permeability is 46.5 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof clothing fabrics in Examples 8-10, the hydrostatic pressure and air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 11 are lower. This is because the amount of polyurethane in the protective layer of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 11 is too small, resulting in insufficient mixing of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyurethane. This leads to a decrease in the elasticity of the protective layer, causing it to deform at the stress point and not recover. Consequently, the waterproof and breathable performance of the protective layer is reduced, leading to a decrease in the waterproof and breathable performance of the waterproof clothing fabric.

[0137] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 12 is 55.3 kPa, and the air permeability is 46.8 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof clothing fabrics of Examples 8-10, the hydrostatic pressure and air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 12 are lower. This is because, during the preparation of the protective layer of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 12, insufficient nano-silica affected the uniformity of the blending of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyurethane, resulting in a decrease in the elasticity of the protective layer. Consequently, the protective layer deforms at the stress point and cannot recover, reducing the waterproof and breathable performance of the protective layer, and thus leading to a decrease in the waterproof and breathable performance of the waterproof clothing fabric.

[0138] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 13 is 54.8 kPa, and the air permeability is 46.1 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof clothing fabrics of Examples 8-10, the hydrostatic pressure and air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 13 are lower. This is because, during the preparation of the protective layer of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 13, insufficient nano-silica affected the uniformity of the blending of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyurethane, resulting in a decrease in the elasticity of the protective layer. Consequently, the protective layer deforms at the stress point and cannot recover, reducing the waterproof and breathable performance of the protective layer, and thus leading to a decrease in the waterproof and breathable performance of the waterproof clothing fabric.

[0139] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 14 is 55.1 kPa, and the air permeability is 47.3 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof clothing fabrics in Examples 8-10, the hydrostatic pressure and air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 14 are lower. This is because the amount of polyurethane in the protective layer of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 14 is too small, resulting in insufficient mixing of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyurethane. This leads to a decrease in the elasticity of the protective layer, causing it to deform at the stress point and not recover. Consequently, the waterproof and breathable performance of the protective layer is reduced, leading to a decrease in the waterproof and breathable performance of the waterproof clothing fabric.

[0140] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Examples 15-17 is 74.5-76.2 kPa, and the air permeability is 54.6-55.1 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof clothing fabric in Examples 8-10, the hydrostatic pressure and air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric in Examples 15-17 are significantly higher. This is because the nano-silica in the protective layer of the waterproof clothing fabric in Examples 15-17 is modified during the preparation of the protective layer. The original nano-silica has hydrophilic and oleophobic properties. After modification, the nano-silica becomes oleophilic, which can better penetrate into polytetrafluoroethylene and polyurethane, effectively improving the blending uniformity of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyurethane, thus enhancing the elasticity of the protective layer and improving its waterproof and breathable properties. In turn, this improves the waterproof and breathable performance of the waterproof clothing fabric.

[0141] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 18 is 71.9 kPa, and the air permeability is 53.5 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof clothing fabrics of Examples 15-17, the hydrostatic pressure and air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 18 are lower. This is because, during the preparation of the protective layer of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 18, the amount of silane coupling agent was too small during the modification process of the nano-silica in the protective layer. This would cause a decrease in the oleophilicity of the modified nano-silica, resulting in a decrease in the uniformity of the blending of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyurethane, thereby reducing the elasticity of the protective layer and thus reducing its waterproof and breathable performance. Consequently, the waterproof performance and breathability of the waterproof clothing fabric as a whole are reduced.

[0142] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 19 is 72.2 kPa, and the air permeability is 53.8 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof clothing fabrics of Examples 15-17, the hydrostatic pressure and air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 19 are lower. This is because, during the preparation of the protective layer of the waterproof clothing fabric in Example 19, the amount of silane coupling agent was excessive during the modification process of the nano-silica in the protective layer. This caused a decrease in the oleophilicity of the modified nano-silica, resulting in a decrease in the uniformity of the blending of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyurethane. Consequently, the elasticity of the protective layer was reduced, which reduced the waterproof and breathable performance of the protective layer, and thus led to a decrease in the waterproof and breathable performance of the waterproof clothing fabric.

[0143] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 1 is 34.5 kPa, and the air permeability is 30.6 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof clothing fabrics in Examples 1-3, the air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 1 is lower. This is because the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 1 only includes a protective layer, which contains a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microporous membrane. The PTFE microporous membrane has lower hydrophilicity than the breathable layer in Examples 1-3, resulting in a decrease in the air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric and thus a decrease in the breathability performance of the waterproof clothing fabric.

[0144] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 2 is 10.3 kPa, and the air permeability is 60.6 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof clothing fabrics of Examples 1-3, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 2 is lower and the air permeability is higher. This is because the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 2 only includes a breathable layer. Without the waterproof protection of a protective layer, the waterproof performance of the waterproof clothing decreases. In addition, the presence of a protective layer causes a difference in the size and location of the micropores in the protective layer and the micropores in the breathable layer, resulting in poorer air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric with a protective layer. Consequently, the air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 2 is higher.

[0145] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 3 is 34.1 kPa, and the air permeability is 35.2 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof clothing fabrics in Examples 1-3, the air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 3 is lower. This is because hydrogen peroxide was not added when preparing the breathable layer of the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 3, resulting in a reduction in the amount of active oxygen generated. The reduction in the amount of active oxygen leads to insufficient hydrophilic modification of polytetrafluoroethylene, which in turn reduces the hydrophilicity of the breathable layer and thus reduces the air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric.

[0146] As shown in Table 1, the hydrostatic pressure of the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 4 is 33.8 kPa, and the air permeability is 34.8 mm / s. Compared with the waterproof clothing fabrics in Examples 1-3, the air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 4 is lower. This is because sulfuric acid was not added when preparing the breathable layer of the waterproof clothing fabric in Comparative Example 4, resulting in a reduction in the amount of active oxygen generated. The reduction in the amount of active oxygen leads to insufficient hydrophilic modification of polytetrafluoroethylene, which in turn reduces the hydrophilicity of the breathable layer and thus reduces the air permeability of the waterproof clothing fabric.

Claims

1. A highly breathable and waterproof suit for deep-water operations, characterized in that: The garment includes a waterproof fabric body, which comprises an outer fabric (1), a first adhesive layer (2), a middle layer (3), a second adhesive layer (4), and an inner fabric (5) arranged sequentially. The middle layer (3) comprises a protective layer (31), a third adhesive layer (32), and a breathable layer (33) arranged sequentially. The protective layer (31) is disposed between the first adhesive layer (2) and the third adhesive layer (32), and the breathable layer (33) is disposed between the third adhesive layer (32) and the second adhesive layer (4). The first adhesive layer (2), the second adhesive layer (4), and the third adhesive layer (32) are all formed by curing adhesives. The method for preparing the protective layer (31) includes the following steps: The first pore-forming agent was added to polytetrafluoroethylene and stirred evenly. Then, it was successively extruded, stretched to form pores, and sintered to fix, thus obtaining a protective layer (31). The method for preparing the breathable layer (33) includes the following steps: S1. Add hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid to water, then add polytetrafluoroethylene, stir evenly, and then filter and dry to obtain a mixture. S2. Add the second pore-forming agent to the mixture, stir evenly, and then successively extrude, stretch to form pores, and sinter to fix, to obtain the breathable layer (33). In the preparation method of the breathable layer (33), the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid is 1:(0.4-0.6):(0.6-0.8). The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the preparation method of the protective layer (31) is obtained by modification. The modified preparation method of the PTFE includes the following steps: P1. Add polyurethane to water to form a polyurethane aqueous solution; P2. Add polytetrafluoroethylene and dispersant to a polyurethane aqueous solution, stir, and filter to obtain modified polytetrafluoroethylene; In the modified preparation method of polytetrafluoroethylene, the mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, and dispersant is 1:(0.8-1.2):(0.2-0.4). The dispersant is nano-silica; The nano-silica is obtained through modification, and the method for preparing the modified nano-silica includes the following steps: Modified silica was prepared by adding nano-silica and silane coupling agent to toluene, mixing and reacting, and then centrifuging and drying. The mass ratio of the nano-silica to the silane coupling agent is 1:(0.02-0.04). The silane coupling agent is KH-560.

2. A method for preparing a high-breathability and waterproof suit for deep-water operations as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: M1. The protective layer (31) and the breathable layer (33) are bonded and cured through the third adhesive layer (32) to form an intermediate layer (3); M2. The protective layer (31) is bonded to the outer fabric (1) through the first adhesive layer (2), and the breathable layer (33) is bonded to the inner fabric (5) through the second adhesive layer (4) to obtain the waterproof clothing fabric body. M3. Cut and weave the prepared waterproof fabric to make waterproof clothing.

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