Castor shelling and cleaning test device and method with online damage detection

Abstract

The present invention discloses a castor bean impurity cleaning and shelling test device and method with online damage detection. The device includes a fixed base and a controller, on which a capsule cleaning device, a shelling cleaning device, and a capsule recovery device are mounted in an upper and lower arrangement. The controller is capable of controlling the rotational speeds of the cleaning drum and the shelling drum. The device also includes a first detection device for detecting the breakage rate of the kernels and a second detection device for detecting the amount of capsules recovered by the capsule recovery device. Both the first detection device and the second detection device are connected to the controller. In the present invention, by providing the capsule cleaning device and the shelling cleaning device in an upper and lower arrangement, castor bean capsules can be cleaned first and then shelled and cleaned, thereby obtaining kernels with a low impurity content and facilitating subsequent breakage rate detection. By introducing the breakage rate and the amount of capsule recovered as two factors, the parameters of the experimental device can be adjusted, effectively improving the rationality of the control parameters ultimately obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop shelling tests, in particular to a castor-bean shelling test device and method for online damage detection. Background Art

[0002] During the castor harvesting process, the harvested castor capsules need to be shelled to obtain castor capsules. During the shelling process, it is necessary to avoid damaging the castor kernels. Therefore, it is necessary to test and adjust the operating parameters of the shelling device to obtain appropriate operating parameters.

[0003] In the prior art, the applicant's prior application CN114467513A provides a castor cleaning test bench that can adjust the cleaning effect to improve it. However, this patent only screens out impurities and cannot perform shelling tests. Furthermore, there are devices in the prior art that can shell other crops. However, when these devices are used in castor shelling experiments, on the one hand, the high impurity content of the seeds affects the detection of the breakage rate. On the other hand, the only metric used to evaluate the shelling effect is the breakage rate, which makes the regulation of the shelling device unreasonable, potentially reducing shelling efficiency and increasing losses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a castor shelling and cleaning test device and method that can effectively control the breakage rate and obtain reasonable operating parameters for online detection of breakage.

[0005] Technical solution: To achieve the above purpose, the castor shelling test device with online damage detection of the present invention comprises a fixing seat and a controller.

[0006] The fixed seat is equipped with a capsule cleaning device and a shelling cleaning device arranged in an upper and lower manner; the controller is capable of controlling the rotational speeds of the cleaning drum in the capsule cleaning device and the shelling drum in the shelling cleaning device;

[0007] The machine also includes a capsule recovery device; the capsule recovery device can return the castor capsules that have not been broken after passing through the shelling and cleaning device to the shelling and cleaning device;

[0008] It also includes a first detection device for detecting the breakage rate of the grains obtained by the shelling and cleaning device and a second detection device for detecting the amount of capsules recovered by the capsule recovery device; the first detection device and the second detection device are both connected to the controller.

[0009] Furthermore, the shelling and cleaning device includes a shelling assembly, a fan and a vibrating screen, the shelling assembly includes the shelling drum and the extrusion plate, and the shelling drum is driven by a first motor;

[0010] A transverse conveying auger is provided on the lower side of the vibrating screen; the transverse conveying auger is connected to the grain outlet; the first detection device is a visual detection device installed at the grain outlet; the controller changes the speed of the shelling drum by changing the speed of the first motor.

[0011] Furthermore, the capsule cleaning device includes a cleaning channel and a cleaning roller installed in the cleaning channel, and the cleaning roller is driven by a second motor; the controller can change the rotation speed of the second motor; and the width of the extrusion channel between the shelling roller and the extrusion plate can be adjusted.

[0012] Furthermore, the capsule recovery device includes a transverse conveying mechanism extending from the rear side of the vibrating screen to the front side of the vibrating screen, and a longitudinal conveying mechanism extending upward from the front side of the transverse conveying mechanism to the feed hopper of the shelling assembly.

[0013] Furthermore, the first detection device includes a detection box, the detection box has a window on the box wall, and high-transmittance glass is fixed to the window; the first detection device also includes a camera and a light source placed outside the detection box, and the lens of the camera is facing perpendicular to the high-transmittance glass.

[0014] Furthermore, a stirring device is installed in the detection box, and the stirring device includes a stirring shaft and a plurality of stirring blades arranged along a spiral line around the stirring shaft. The stirring blades have an inclined surface or a curved surface, so that the stirring blades are thin on the upper side and thick on the lower side.

[0015] Furthermore, the capsule cleaning device also includes a guide slide arranged at the tail of the cleaning channel, and the guide slide guides impurities discharged from the tail of the cleaning channel to the side.

[0016] A castor-bean shelling test method with online damage detection is applied to the castor-bean shelling test device with online damage detection. The method comprises the following steps:

[0017] Step 1), controlling the operation of the capsule cleaning device and the shelling and cleaning device;

[0018] Step 2) collecting data through the first detection device and the second detection device to obtain the seed breakage rate and the capsule recovery amount;

[0019] Step 3) adjusting the rotation speed of the shelling drum and the rotation speed of the cleaning drum based on the breakage rate and the capsule recovery amount;

[0020] Step 4) outputting the final rotational speed of the shelling drum and the final rotational speed of the cleaning drum.

[0021] Furthermore, the capsule cleaning device includes a cleaning channel and a cleaning roller installed in the cleaning channel, and the width of the squeezing channel between the shelling roller and the squeezing plate can be adjusted; the method also includes:

[0022] The width of the extrusion channel is adjusted based on the breakage rate and the capsule recovery amount, and final width data is output.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The castor shelling test device and method for online damage detection of the present invention have the following technical effects:

[0024] (1) By arranging the capsule cleaning device and the shelling cleaning device in an upper and lower layout, castor capsules can be cleaned first and then the castor capsules are shelled and cleaned, so that data with a low impurity content can be obtained, which is convenient for subsequent breakage rate detection;

[0025] (2) The introduction of two factors, namely the breakage rate and the amount of capsule recovered, and the adjustment of the parameters of the experimental device can effectively improve the rationality of the control parameters finally obtained. In addition, the capsule recovery device recovers the capsules and sends the unbroken capsules to the shelling device for shelling again, which can effectively reduce the loss.

[0026] (3) The capsule recovery device has a reasonable structural design and can effectively recover capsules. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the castor-oil plant impurity cleaning and shelling test device for online damage detection in the first embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a side structural diagram of the castor-oil plant impurity cleaning and shelling test device for online damage detection in the first embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a capsule cleaning device;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the shelling and cleaning device;

[0031] Figure 5 It is the structural diagram of the shelling drum;

[0032] Figure 6 This is the position structure diagram of the camera and light source;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a side structural diagram of the castor-oil plant impurity removal and shelling test device for online damage detection in the second embodiment;

[0034] Figure 8 is a structural diagram of the first detection device in the second embodiment;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a diagram of the stirring structure of the stirring shaft and stirring blades.

[0036] In the figure: A-fixed seat; B-shelling and cleaning device; C-capsule cleaning device; 1-shelling assembly; 101-shelling drum; 102-squeezing plate; 103-feed hopper; 2-fan; 3-vibrating screen; 4-first motor; 5-seed outlet; 6-first detection device; 61-detection box; 62-camera; 63-light source; 64-stirring shaft; 65-stirring blade; 66-stirring motor; 7-cleaning channel; 8-cleaning drum ;9-capsule recovery device;91-horizontal conveying mechanism;91a-scraper;91b-first chain;92-longitudinal conveying mechanism;92a-lifting hopper;92b-second chain;10-second motor;101-shelling drum;102-squeezing plate;10a-cylinder;10b-spiral protrusion;20-second detection device;30-box;40-horizontal conveying auger;50-guide slide;60-third motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] like Figure 1-2 The castor shelling and cleaning test device with online damage detection shown includes a fixing seat A and a controller.

[0039] The fixed seat A is equipped with a capsule cleaning device C and a shelling cleaning device B arranged in an upper and lower manner; the controller can control the rotation speed of the cleaning drum 8 in the capsule cleaning device C and the shelling drum 101 in the shelling cleaning device B.

[0040] The test device further comprises a capsule recovery device 9 ; the capsule recovery device 9 can return the castor capsules that have not been broken after passing through the shelling and cleaning device B to the shelling and cleaning device B.

[0041] The test device also includes a first detection device 6 for detecting the breakage rate of the grains obtained by the shelling and cleaning device B and a second detection device 20 for detecting the amount of capsules recovered by the capsule recovery device 9; the first detection device 6 and the second detection device 20 are both connected to the controller.

[0042] Preferably, if Figure 4As shown, the shelling and cleaning device B includes a shelling component 1, a fan 2 and a vibrating screen 3. The shelling component 1 includes the shelling drum 101 and the extrusion plate 102. The shelling drum 101 is driven by the first motor 4, and the other components of the shelling and cleaning device B are driven by the third motor 60 to operate in conjunction. A transverse conveying augers 40 are provided on the lower side of the vibrating screen 3. The transverse conveying augers 40 are connected to the grain outlet 5. The first detection device 6 is a visual detection device installed at the grain outlet 5. The controller changes the speed of the shelling drum 101 by changing the speed of the first motor 4. Figure 5 As shown, the shelling drum 101 includes a cylindrical barrel 10a and two double-helical spiral protrusions 10b installed on the outside of the barrel 10a. When the shelling drum 101 is in operation, the double-helical spiral protrusions 10b can effectively improve the breakage rate of castor beans. Specifically, when the double-helical spiral protrusions 10b act on the castor-bean capsule, the first spiral protrusion 10b presses the castor-bean capsule first, and then the outer wall of the barrel 10a between the two spiral protrusions 10b acts on the castor-bean capsule. After the posture of the castor-bean capsule is fine-tuned, the second spiral protrusion 10b acts on the castor-bean capsule. Finally, the outer wall of the barrel 10a rubs the castor-bean capsule. In the above process, squeezing the castor capsule once can cause cracks in the castor capsule, squeezing the castor capsule a second time near the first squeezing point can rapidly expand the cracks in the castor capsule, and squeezing the castor capsule finally can cause the seeds to fall out.

[0043] Preferably, if Figure 3 As shown, the capsule cleaning device C includes a cleaning channel 7 and a cleaning drum 8 installed in the cleaning channel 7. The cleaning channel 7 is a cylindrical structure, the lower half of which is a screen, and spiral blades are fixed on the inner wall of the upper half. The mesh of the screen can allow castor capsules to pass through. The rear side of the cleaning channel 7 has an impurity outlet 7a. The cleaning drum 8 is driven by a second motor 10; the controller can change the speed of the second motor 10; and the width of the extrusion channel between the shelling drum 101 and the extrusion plate 102 can be adjusted.

[0044] The capsule cleaning device C also includes a guide slide 50 disposed at the tail of the cleaning channel 7. The guide slide 50 guides the impurities discharged from the tail of the cleaning channel 7 to the side, thereby preventing the impurities from being discharged downward and being affected by the fan 2 and scattering around, causing a deterioration in the environment.

[0045] During the test, a mixture of castor capsules and castor branches and leaves was used for the test. The mixture can be an uncleaved mixture harvested from a picking platform in the field. This allows for test results that are more in line with actual operating conditions. The mixture enters the cleaning channel 7, and the rotation of the cleaning drum 8 can stir the mixture so that the castor capsules therein leak out of the screen. On the other hand, the spiral blades cause the mixture to move backward along the cleaning channel 7, and the branch and leaf impurities in the mixture are eventually discharged from the rear side of the cleaning channel 7. The material leaking from the screen enters the shelling assembly 1. Under the squeezing and kneading action of the shelling drum 101 and the squeezing plate 102, most of the castor capsules are broken, causing the castor kernels to fall out. After the material processed by the shelling assembly 1 is blown away by the airflow of the fan 2, the impurities (impurities include light impurities and empty shells), and the remaining material (mainly including kernels and unbroken castor capsules) falls onto the vibrating screen 3. The mesh screen body of the vibrating screen 3 vibrates back and forth, sieving out the kernels while causing the material on it to move backward, causing the unbroken castor capsules to fall from the rear side of the mesh screen body.

[0046] The grains cleaned by the vibrating screen 3 are transported to the location of the visual inspection device 6 via the horizontal conveying auger 40. The visual inspection device 6 obtains the image of the grains, and the controller analyzes the image to obtain the breakage rate data, and controls the rotation speed of the shelling drum 101 and the rotation speed of the cleaning drum 8 based on the index data, and gives adjustment suggestions for the width of the extrusion channel. Alternatively, after the adjustment is completed, the test device continues to run, and then repeats the detection of the breakage rate of the grains. Similarly, the rotation speeds of the shelling drum 101 and the cleaning drum 8 are continuously adjusted, and finally the optimal rotation speed data corresponding to each drum is obtained.

[0047] Specifically, the breakage rate is related to three parameters: the speed of the cleaning drum 8, the speed of the shelling drum 101, and the width of the extrusion channel. If the cleaning drum 8 rotates too fast, some castor capsules will break during the cleaning process, damaging the castor kernels. If the shelling drum 101 rotates too fast, impact damage will occur to the kernels during shelling. If the extrusion channel is too narrow, compression damage will occur to the kernels. In other words, when the breakage rate is high, it can be adjusted by at least one of reducing the speed of the cleaning drum 8, reducing the speed of the shelling drum 101, or increasing the width of the extrusion channel.

[0048] On the other hand, the control system monitors the amount of castor capsules recovered by the capsule recovery device 9 through the second detection device 20, and adjusts the parameters of the shelling component 1 (that is, the rotational speed of the shelling drum 101 and the width of the extrusion channel) based on the amount of recovered castor capsules; when the amount of recovered castor capsules is large, the width of the extrusion channel is reduced and the rotational speed of the shelling drum 101 is increased.

[0049] In this way, by monitoring the two indicators of the breakage rate of the grains and the amount of recovered capsules, the parameters of the shelling component 1 can be limited at both ends. Dynamic adjustment based on the two indicators can obtain the optimal parameters of the shelling component 1. If the amount of recovered capsules is still high after the parameter adjustment of the shelling component 1 is completed, the rotation speed of the cleaning drum 8 can be adjusted to make a part of the castor capsules break in the cleaning channel 7, that is, the capsule cleaning device C can take on part of the shelling task without damaging the grains, so as to reduce the shelling pressure of the shelling component 1.

[0050] Preferably, the capsule recovery device 9 includes a transverse conveying mechanism 91 extending from the rear side of the vibrating screen 3 to the front side of the vibrating screen 3, and a longitudinal conveying mechanism 92 extending upward from the front side of the transverse conveying mechanism 91 to the feed hopper 103 of the shelling assembly 1. Among them, the shelling and cleaning device B also includes a box body 30, and the front side of the bottom of the box body 30 has a groove; the horizontal conveying mechanism 91 is a first chain 91b with a scraper 91a, and the scraper 91a of the lower chain segment of the first chain 91b moves against the bottom plate of the box body 30 to convey the castor capsules dropped from the rear side of the vibrating screen 3 forward to the groove; the longitudinal conveying mechanism 92 is a second chain 92b with a lifting hopper 92a; the lifting hopper 92a on the front chain segment of the second chain 92b lifts the capsules in the groove upward, and the front end of the lifting hopper 92a on the front chain segment moves against the front inner wall of the box body 30, and the lifting hopper 92a flips over the top of the second chain 92b and pours the capsules into the feed hopper 103.

[0051] Preferably, the first detection device 6 includes a detection box 61, the detection box 61 has a window on the box wall, and a high-transmittance glass is fixed to the window; the first detection device 6 also includes a camera 62 and a light source 63 placed outside the detection box 61, and the lens of the camera 62 is perpendicular to the high-transmittance glass. Figure 6 As shown, light source 63 is used to fill in the viewing window and is a ring-shaped light source arranged around the viewing window. Light source 63 is positioned outside the viewing angle and reflection angle of camera 62 to avoid forming a light spot in the image captured by camera 62. Second detection device 20 is a piezoelectric ceramic plate. Capsules recovered by capsule recovery device 9 pass through the piezoelectric ceramic plate and enter shelling assembly 1. The controller obtains capsule recovery data based on the data generated by the piezoelectric ceramic plate and determines the shelling rate of shelling assembly 1 based on the capsule recovery data. Castor capsules dropped from capsule cleaning device C do not pass through second detection device 20 and enter shelling assembly 1 directly.

[0052] Preferably, in the second embodiment, as Figure 7-8 As shown, the detection box 61 is equipped with a stirring device, such as Figure 9As shown, the stirring device includes a stirring shaft 64 and a plurality of stirring blades 65 arranged along a spiral line around the stirring shaft 64. The stirring blades 65 are upright plate structures and have inclined or curved surfaces, so that the stirring blades 65 are thin on the upper side and thick on the lower side. When the stirring device 64 is in operation, its inclined or curved surface squeezes the castor beans, on the one hand, causing the castor beans to move around the stirring shaft, and on the other hand, causing some castor beans to move upward, so that some castor beans will sink at the same time. Because the stirring blades 65 are arranged along the spiral line, multiple groups of rising seeds at the same time can be staggered in the vertical direction and in the circumference of the stirring shaft 64, so that the rising seeds are fully dispersed. In this way, some seeds move upward and some materials move downward, which can effectively improve the stirring efficiency of the seeds and effectively disrupt the distribution of the seeds. The spiral layout of the stirring blades 65 can cause the seeds to circulate within the detection box 61, rather than being stirred within a limited range. In the figure, two stirring devices are symmetrically installed in the detection box 61, with stirring shafts 64 installed vertically. A viewing window is set on the side wall of the detection box 61 and is placed centrally relative to the two stirring shafts 64. The two stirring shafts 64 are synchronously driven by a stirring motor 66. With this layout, the synchronous operation of the two stirring shafts 64 can fully stir the grains in the detection box 61. The reasonable placement of the viewing window can obtain accurate breakage rate data. To make the data more accurate, multiple stirrings can be performed, and images are collected after each stirring to obtain the breakage rate. Finally, the average of the multiple breakage rate data is taken to obtain more accurate breakage rate data.

[0053] A castor-bean shelling test method with online damage detection is applied to the castor-bean shelling test device with online damage detection. The method comprises the following steps:

[0054] Step 1, controlling the capsule cleaning device C and the shelling and cleaning device B to operate;

[0055] Step 2: collecting data through the first detection device 6 and the second detection device 20 to obtain the seed breakage rate and the capsule recovery amount;

[0056] Step 3: adjusting the rotation speed of the shelling drum 101 and the rotation speed of the cleaning drum 8 based on the breakage rate and the capsule recovery amount; this step is cyclically run until a reasonable drum rotation speed is obtained.

[0057] Step 4: output the final rotation speed of the shelling drum 101 and the final rotation speed of the cleaning drum 8.

[0058] Preferably, the capsule cleaning device C includes a cleaning channel 7 and a cleaning roller 8 installed in the cleaning channel 7, and the width of the squeezing channel between the shelling roller 101 and the squeezing plate 102 can be adjusted; the method further includes:

[0059] The width of the extrusion channel is adjusted based on the breakage rate and the capsule recovery amount, and final width data is output.

[0060] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A castor shelling and cleaning test device with online damage detection, comprising a fixed base (A) and a controller, characterized in that: The fixed seat (A) is provided with a capsule cleaning device (C) and a shelling and cleaning device (B) arranged in an upper and lower arrangement; the shelling and cleaning device (B) comprises a shelling assembly (1), the shelling assembly (1) comprises a shelling drum (101) and a squeezing plate (102), and the width of the squeezing channel between the shelling drum (101) and the squeezing plate (102) can be adjusted; The device further comprises a capsule recovery device (9), wherein the capsule recovery device (9) is capable of returning castor capsules that have not been broken after passing through the shelling and cleaning device (B) to the shelling and cleaning device (B); It also includes a first detection device (6) for detecting the breakage rate of the kernels obtained by the shelling and cleaning device (B) and a second detection device (20) for detecting the amount of capsules recovered by the capsule recovery device (9); the first detection device (6) and the second detection device (20) are both connected to the controller; The first detection device (6) comprises a detection box (61), the detection box (61) having a window on its wall, and also comprising a camera (62) and a light source (63) disposed outside the detection box (61); a stirring device is installed in the detection box (61), the stirring device comprising a stirring shaft (64) and a plurality of stirring blades (65) arranged along a spiral line around the stirring shaft (64), the stirring blades (65) having an inclined surface or a curved surface, so that the stirring blades (65) are thinner on the upper side and thicker on the lower side; The controller can adjust at least one of the rotation speed of the cleaning drum (8), the rotation speed of the shelling drum (101) and the width of the extrusion channel in the capsule cleaning device (C) based on two indicators: the breakage rate of the seeds and the amount of recovered capsules.

2. The castor-oil plant shelling test device for online damage detection according to claim 1, wherein: The shelling and cleaning device (B) further comprises a fan (2) and a vibrating screen (3), and the shelling drum (101) is driven by a first motor (4); A transverse conveying augers (40) is provided on the lower side of the vibrating screen (3), and the transverse conveying augers (40) are connected to the grain outlet (5). The first detection device (6) is installed at the grain outlet (5), and the controller changes the rotation speed of the shelling drum (101) by changing the rotation speed of the first motor (4).

3. The castor-oil plant shelling test device for online damage detection according to claim 1, wherein: The capsule cleaning device comprises a cleaning channel and a cleaning roller installed in the cleaning channel. The cleaning roller (8) is driven by a second motor (10), and the controller can change the rotation speed of the second motor (10).

4. The castor-oil plant shelling test device for online damage detection according to claim 2, wherein: The capsule recovery device (9) comprises a transverse conveying mechanism (91) extending from the rear side of the vibrating screen (3) to the front side of the vibrating screen (3), and a longitudinal conveying mechanism (92) extending upward from the front side of the transverse conveying mechanism (91) to the feed hopper (103) of the shelling assembly (1).

5. The castor-oil plant shelling test device for online damage detection according to claim 1, wherein High-transmittance glass is fixed at the viewing window, and the lens of the camera (62) is oriented perpendicularly to the high-transmittance glass.

6. castor-oil plant shelling test device with online damage detection according to claim 3, is characterized in that, The capsule cleaning device (C) further comprises a guide slide (50) disposed at the tail of the cleaning channel (7), and the guide slide (50) guides impurities discharged from the tail of the cleaning channel (7) to the side.

7. A castor-oil plant shelling test method with online damage detection, which is applied to the castor-oil plant shelling test device with online damage detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1), controlling the operation of the capsule cleaning device (C) and the shelling and cleaning device (B); Step 2) collecting data through the first detection device (6) and the second detection device (20) to obtain the seed breakage rate and the capsule recovery amount; Step 3) adjusting the rotation speed of the shelling drum (101), the rotation speed of the cleaning drum (8) and the width of the extrusion channel based on the breakage rate and the capsule recovery amount; Step 4) outputs the final rotation speed and final width data of the shelling drum (101) and the cleaning drum (8).

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