A method for transforming and planting a densely planted vineyard suitable for a solar greenhouse

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for the transformation and planting of densely planted vineyards in solar greenhouses in the north. The method mainly involves thinning, adjusting the rack type and the shape of the grapevines, and adjusting the existing single-stem, low-fruiting-position tree shape to a high-stem, high-fruiting-position tree shape. By selecting the main vine of an old tree as the main trunk, six main fruiting vines are cultivated, and the newly constructed grape racks are used to tie the new shoots. Through these measures, while ensuring the original yield of the solar greenhouse, the method has the advantages of fast formation, excellent fruit quality, facilitating mechanized operation, saving water, fertilizer, and improving work efficiency. The method of the present invention can quickly form an orchard through one year of transformation, and the yield in the second year can reach the expected yield, and the fruit quality is significantly improved, and pests and diseases are significantly reduced, making it suitable for urban agricultural development and sightseeing picking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and mainly relates to a vineyard reconstruction suitable for dense planting in a solar greenhouse and a planting method thereof, which are suitable for light simplification and mechanized operation. Background Art

[0002] According to a survey on the cultivation of greenhouse grapes in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and Liaoning by the scientific research team of Tianjin Forestry and Fruit Industry Technology System, the current cultivation of greenhouse grapes in northern China is still dominated by the traditional dense planting model. The main cultivated tree shapes are regular fan-shaped, inclined dragon-trunk-shaped, single-trunk-shaped, etc., combined with upright leaf curtains or V-shaped leaf curtains. The above-mentioned planting patterns, tree shapes, and leaf curtains have problems such as heavy pruning workload in summer, poor ventilation and light transmittance of the leaf curtains, poor differentiation of basic flower buds on new shoots, poor fruit quality, serious diseases and insect pests, basic inability to use agricultural machinery, and low water and fertilizer utilization rates, which seriously affect the sustainable development of the greenhouse grape industry. To this end, the berry job team of Tianjin Forestry and Fruit Industry Technology System has carried out many years of technical research and proposed a method suitable for the transformation of densely planted vineyards in solar greenhouses and its planting method, which effectively solved the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a method for transforming a densely planted vineyard in a solar greenhouse, which solves the technical problems of low standardization and mechanized operation level of solar greenhouse grape planting workers, low water and fertilizer utilization rate, and poor fruit quality.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention discloses the following technical contents:

[0005] A method for renovating and planting a vineyard suitable for dense planting in a solar greenhouse is characterized by the following steps:

[0006] (1) Thinning: Through thinning, the plant spacing of densely planted vineyards was adjusted from 0.4-0.5m and row spacing from 1.5-2.0m to 1.2-1.5m and row spacing from 3.0-4.0m, and the original planting density of 660-1100 plants was adjusted to 110-140 plants;

[0007] (2) Grape rack layout:

[0008] 1) Frame adjustment: Remove all the wires and supporting materials used to tie the new shoots in the original greenhouse.

[0009] 2) Fixing steel wire: Pull a Φ1.0mm steel wire at a height of 1.8 to 2.0m on the rear wall of the greenhouse, and pull a Φ1.0mm steel wire at a height of 1.6 to 1.8m on the steel frame of the front roof of the greenhouse to fix the warp of the grape rack;

[0010] 3) Pull a Φ1.0mm weft steel wire every 1m at a height of 1.7-2.0m on the east and west gable walls of the greenhouse;

[0011] 4) Using two fixed steel wires running north and south, pull a Φ0.4mm warp steel wire every 30mm and alternately overlap with the warp steel wires to form a grape trellis.

[0012] (3) Tree skeleton: The tree has one upright trunk, 1.7-1.8 m high; the trunk forms two permanent main vines along the east-west direction, with an angle of 150-160 degrees and a length of 3.0-4.0 m; depending on the variety, for varieties with well-differentiated flower buds, three permanent main vines are separated from the two permanent main vines at intervals of 1.5-2.0 m, and fruiting branches are cultivated on the same side of the main vines at intervals of 10-20 cm. For varieties with poor flower bud differentiation, after the grapes are harvested, the two permanent main vines are pruned back and three fruiting main vines are cultivated, and summer bud side shoots are used to cultivate fruiting branches for the second year at intervals of 10-20 cm on the same side;

[0013] (4) Leaf curtain structure: All main vines, new shoots, and leaves are tied horizontally to the grape trellis. Before harvesting, the main vines are arranged in a "king" shape when viewed from above. The new shoots are distributed alternately on the left and right in a "fishbone" shape. The spacing between the new shoots is 10 to 15 cm, and the length is 75 to 100 cm. The new shoot load is 3,500 per mu, and each new shoot has 15 to 25 leaves.

[0014] The present invention further discloses the application of the transformation and planting method of densely planted vineyards in solar greenhouses in improving fruit quality, improving fruit quality, stabilizing production year after year and reducing labor. Experimental results show that: the present invention utilizes the original densely planted greenhouse old trees for transformation, sets a reasonable thinning density and tree shape, and can achieve the expected yield in the second year after the transformation; the tree structure is standardized, the fruiting part is high, and the leaf curtain has good lighting, which is conducive to improving fruit quality and reducing the occurrence of diseases and pests; the number of plants is greatly reduced after the transformation, which can significantly improve the water and fertilizer utilization rate of the solar greenhouse, the work efficiency of workers, and facilitate the use of small and medium-sized agricultural machinery. This technical measure is suitable for use in traditional densely planted solar greenhouse vineyards in the north. It should also be pointed out that:

[0015] (1) Compared with building a new orchard from scratch, the renovation of a densely planted orchard in a solar greenhouse can quickly generate yields after one year at the same planting density, as mature trees have a more complete root system. After the technology is implemented, the basic cost investment of the orchard can be reduced by 67.4% per year.

[0016] (2) In terms of fruit quality, the soluble solids content of the fruit after the application of the technology was 20.8%, significantly higher than the 19.1% before the transformation; in terms of peel color and quality, the proanthocyanidins content of the peel after the application of the technology was 20.68 mg.g -1 , significantly higher than the 17.58 mg.g before the transformation -1 In terms of typical aromatic compounds in grapes, the content of linalool in the fruit after the application of the technology is 0.7575μg.ml -1, significantly higher than 0.3552μg.ml before the transformation -1 .

[0017] (3) After the application of the technology, the annual working time of workers in the new shoot treatment was 36.72 hours, which was significantly lower than the 45.74 hours before the transformation. The technology of annual pruning and cultivating new fruiting main vines on the two permanent main vines resulted in 22.7 fruiting ears per plant, 0.64 kg per ear weight, and 14.6 kg per plant yield; these were significantly higher than the 18.5 fruiting ears per plant, 0.57 kg per ear weight, and 10.6 kg per plant yield without pruning.

[0018] (4) The present invention retains only 13%-17% of the plants in the original greenhouse through thinning, expands the plant spacing, and reduces the planting density; the upright or V-shaped leaf curtain is transformed into a horizontal leaf curtain; the newly cultivated tree has an upright trunk and the horizontal leaf curtain skeleton is in the shape of a "king" character. In view of the flower bud differentiation ability, the technical measures of secondary cultivation of the main vine can be adopted to ensure the stable yield of greenhouse early cultivation year after year. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a side view of the dense planting garden transformation of the present invention; the upper picture is before the technology is implemented, and the lower picture is after the technology is implemented;

[0020] Figure 2 This is an axial view of the dense planting garden transformation of the present invention; the upper picture is before the technology is implemented, and the lower picture is after the technology is implemented;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a elevation view of the dense plantation transformation of the present invention; the upper picture is before the technology is implemented, and the lower picture is after the technology is implemented;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a comparative test of the proanthocyanidins in the fruit skin and the anthocyanin in the fruit aroma before and after the transformation of the dense plantation of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a comparative test of the labor usage and total labor usage at different work nodes before and after the transformation of the dense planting garden of the present invention;

[0024] In the figure, 1. upright leaf curtain before transformation, 2. fruiting position before transformation, 3. horizontal leaf curtain after transformation, 4. fruiting position after transformation, 5. main fruiting vine after transformation using summer renewal pruning and secondary cultivation according to variety, 6. main trunk of the tree after transformation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is described below by way of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the present invention are methods well known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the embodiments should be understood to be illustrative rather than limiting the scope of the present invention, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the claims. For those skilled in the art, various changes or modifications to the material components and dosages in these embodiments, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The raw materials and reagents used in the present invention are all commercially available.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] 1. Thinning of densely planted vineyards

[0028] (1) Thinning density: The plant spacing of densely planted vineyards was adjusted from 0.4m and row spacing from 1.5m to 1.2m and row spacing from 3.0m. The original planting density of 660 plants was adjusted to 110 plants.

[0029] (2) Thinning standards: Figure 1 、 3 densely planted vineyards Figure 1 、 2 As shown, the row spacing is 1 row thinned to 2 rows, and the plant spacing is 1.5m with 1 plant thinned to 3-4 plants.

[0030] 2. Grape trellis construction

[0031] (1) Remove all the wires and supporting materials used to tie the new shoots in the original greenhouse.

[0032] (2) Pull a Φ1.0mm steel wire at a height of 1.8m on the rear wall of the greenhouse and pull a Φ1.0mm steel wire at a height of 1.6m on the steel frame of the front roof of the greenhouse to fix the warp of the grape rack.

[0033] (3) At a height of 1.7m on the east and west gable walls of the greenhouse, pull a Φ1.0mm weft steel wire every 1m.

[0034] (4) If Figure 2 , use two north-south fixed steel wires, pull a Φ0.4mm warp steel wire every 30mm, and alternately overlap with the warp steel wires to form a grape trellis.

[0035] 3. Cultivate tree shape

[0036] (1) As shown in Figure 6, the tree has one upright trunk, 1.7m high.

[0037] (2) The main trunk forms two permanent main vines in the east-west direction, with an angle of 150° and a length of 3.0m.

[0038] (3) As shown in Figure 5, depending on the variety, for varieties with good flower bud differentiation, three permanent main vines are separated at intervals of 1.5m on two permanent main vines, and fruiting branches are cultivated at intervals of 10cm on the same side of the main vines. For varieties with poor flower bud differentiation, after the grapes are harvested, the two permanent main vines are pruned back and three fruiting main vines are cultivated. The summer bud side shoots are used to cultivate fruiting branches for the second year at intervals of 10cm on the same side.

[0039] (4) All main vines, new shoots, and leaves are tied horizontally to the grape trellis. Before harvesting, the main vines are arranged in the shape of a "king" when viewed from above. The new shoots are distributed alternately on the left and right in the shape of a "fishbone". The spacing between the new shoots is 10 cm, and the length is 75 cm. The new shoot load is 3,500 per mu, and each new shoot has 15 leaves.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] 1. Thinning of densely planted vineyards

[0042] (1) Thinning density: The plant spacing of densely planted vineyards was adjusted from 0.5m and row spacing of 2.0m to 1.5m and row spacing of 4.0m, and the original planting density of 1,100 plants was adjusted to 140 plants.

[0043] (2) Thinning standards: Figure 1 、 3 densely planted vineyards Figure 1 、 2 As shown, the row spacing is 1 row thinned to 2 rows, and the plant spacing is 1.5m with 1 plant thinned to 4 plants.

[0044] 2. Grape trellis construction

[0045] (1) Remove all the wires and supporting materials used to tie the new shoots in the original greenhouse.

[0046] (2) Pull a Φ1.0mm steel wire at a height of 2.0m on the rear wall of the greenhouse and a Φ1.0mm steel wire at a height of 1.8m on the steel frame of the front roof of the greenhouse to fix the warp of the grape rack.

[0047] (3) At a height of 2.0m on the east and west gable walls of the greenhouse, pull a Φ1.0mm weft steel wire every 1m.

[0048] (4) If Figure 2 , use two north-south fixed steel wires, pull a Φ0.4mm warp steel wire every 30mm, and alternately overlap with the warp steel wires to form a grape trellis.

[0049] 3. Cultivate tree shape

[0050] (1) As shown in Figure 6, the tree has one upright trunk, 1.8m high.

[0051] (2) The main trunk forms two permanent main vines along the east-west direction, with an angle of 160° and a length of 4.0m.

[0052] (3) As shown in Figure 5, depending on the variety, for varieties with good flower bud differentiation, three permanent main vines are separated at an interval of 2.0m on two permanent main vines, and fruiting branches are cultivated at an interval of 20cm on the same side of the main vines. For varieties with poor flower bud differentiation, after the grapes are harvested, the two permanent main vines are pruned back and three fruiting main vines are cultivated. The summer bud side shoots are used to cultivate fruiting branches for the second year at an interval of 20cm on the same side.

[0053] (4) All main vines, new shoots, and leaves are tied horizontally to the grape trellis. Before harvesting, the main vines are arranged in the shape of a "king" when viewed from above. The new shoots are distributed alternately on the left and right in the shape of a "fishbone". The spacing between the new shoots is 15 cm and the length is 100 cm. The new shoot load is 3,500 per mu, and each new shoot has 25 leaves.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] The invention investigates and analyzes the quality of giant rose fruits before and after the transformation of the densely planted grape orchard in the solar greenhouse. The single-grain weight, single-grain volume, fruit soluble solids, peel proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, polyphenols and typical aromatic compounds of giant rose grape fruits were measured respectively. It was found that: in terms of fruit growth and development, there was no significant difference before and after the transformation; in terms of fruit soluble solids, the content after the transformation was 20.8%, significantly higher than the 19.1% before the transformation; in terms of peel color and quality, the proanthocyanidins content of the peel after the transformation was 20.68mg.g -1 , significantly higher than the 17.58 mg.g before the transformation -1 , while the differences in flavonoids and polyphenols were not significant; in terms of typical aromatic compounds of rose-scented grapes, the content of linalool in the transformed fruit was 0.7575μg.ml -1 , significantly higher than 0.3552μg.ml before the transformation -1 This shows that because the fruiting position of the transformed grapes is higher and the light is better, the leaves form more light and products. In terms of the internal and external quality of the fruit, the quality of the transformed grapes is significantly higher than before the transformation.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] The present invention has statistically analyzed the workload of pruning new shoots in a rose-scented orchard before and after the transformation of a densely planted grape orchard in a solar greenhouse. The results show that: the investigation found that the workload from 25 days after flowering to 55 days after flowering was in a "W" shape, which was related to the small amount of leaf growth during this period and the need to pinch the top and remove the side shoots during pruning; the pruning work time showed a significant upward trend from 55 days after flowering, and the workload reached its peak at 75 days after flowering after the transformation and 85 days after flowering before the transformation, reaching 5.18 h / 667m 2After that, working hours began to decline; after the transformation, the annual working hours were 36.72 hours, significantly lower than the 45.74 hours before the transformation.

[0058] Example 5

[0059] In forced cultivation in a solar greenhouse, the light and temperature conditions in the greenhouse during the flower bud differentiation period are not conducive to the differentiation of flower buds at the base of the new grape shoots, which can easily lead to unstable yields for two years. Therefore, during the technical research and development of our team, in response to this problem, we carried out a special study on the six fruiting branches of the grape plants after harvest, leaving two full buds for heavy pruning, and then using a monocyanamide solution to break the dormancy, so that new shoots can be sprouted again and form fruiting branch groups. The results showed that after using this technical measure, the number of fruits per plant with supplementary pruning was 22.7, the weight of each bunch was 0.64kg, and the yield per plant was 14.6kg; the number of fruits per plant without pruning was 18.5, the weight of each bunch was 0.57kg, and the yield per plant was 10.6kg. It can be seen that the supplementary pruning technology can ensure the stability of flower bud differentiation and achieve higher unit yield.

[0060] Example 6

[0061] The patent of the present invention analyzes the cost input of labor, agricultural materials and other costs before and after the transformation of a densely planted grape garden in a solar greenhouse. The results show that: the investment in seedlings in the vineyard is based on 700 plants planted in a conventional solar greenhouse and 110 plants planted after the transformation. Based on the average number of seedlings for garden construction and 5 yuan per grape seedling, the investment in seedlings before the transformation is 3,500 yuan / mu, and the investment in seedlings after the transformation is 550 yuan / mu; using an excavator to dig planting trenches, calculated at 2 yuan per extended meter, the investment in trenching before the transformation is 700 yuan / mu, and 240 yuan / mu after the transformation; based on 4 tons of fertilizer applied to 330-meter planting trenches and 600 yuan per ton of organic fertilizer, the investment before the transformation is 2,400 yuan / mu, and 800 yuan / mu after the transformation; based on 500 yuan of frame materials such as columns, wires, and accessories required for 100 extended meters, the investment before the transformation is 1,650 yuan / mu, and 1,100 yuan / mu after the transformation. The total investment per mu before and after the application of the technology was RMB 8,250 and RMB 2,690 respectively (Table 1), achieving a cost reduction of 67.4%.

[0062] Table 1

[0063] Analysis of infrastructure cost investment before and after technology application

[0064]

Claims

1. A method for the transformation and cultivation of a densely planted vineyard in a solar greenhouse, characterized in that Follow these steps: (1) Thinning: In densely planted vineyards, the spacing between plants is 1.2 to 1.5 m, the row spacing is 3.0 to 4.0 m, and the planting density is 110 to 140 plants; (2) Grape rack layout: 1) Frame adjustment: Remove all the wires and supporting materials used to tie the new shoots in the original greenhouse. 2) Fixing steel wire: Pull a Φ1.0mm steel wire at a height of 1.8 to 2.0m on the rear wall of the greenhouse, and pull a Φ1.0mm steel wire at a height of 1.6 to 1.8m on the steel frame of the front roof of the greenhouse to fix the warp of the grape rack; 3) Pull a Φ1.0mm weft steel wire every 1m at a height of 1.7-2.0m on the east and west gable walls of the greenhouse; 4) Using two fixed steel wires running north and south, pull a Φ0.4mm warp steel wire every 30mm and alternately overlap with the warp steel wires to form a grape trellis. (3) Tree skeleton: The tree has one upright trunk, 1.7-1.8 m high; the trunk forms two permanent main vines along the east-west direction, with an angle of 150-160 degrees and a length of 3.0-4.0 m; depending on the variety, for varieties with well-differentiated flower buds, three permanent main vines are separated from the two permanent main vines at intervals of 1.5-2.0 m, and fruiting branches are cultivated on the same side of the main vines at intervals of 10-20 cm. For varieties with poor flower bud differentiation, after the grapes are harvested, the two permanent main vines are pruned back and three fruiting main vines are cultivated, and the summer bud side shoots are used to cultivate fruiting branches for the second year at intervals of 10-20 cm on the same side; (4) Leaf curtain structure: All main vines, new shoots, and leaves are tied horizontally to the grape trellis; before harvesting, the main vines are arranged in the shape of a "king" from above; the new shoots are distributed alternately on the left and right in the shape of a "fishbone", with a spacing of 10 to 15 cm between new shoots and a length of 75 to 100 cm. The new shoot load is 3,500 per mu, and each new shoot has 15 to 25 leaves.

2. Application of the method for transforming and planting a vineyard suitable for dense planting in a solar greenhouse as described in claim 1 in rapidly generating yield, improving fruit quality, achieving stable production year after year, and reducing labor.

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