Torch igniter and gas turbine

Abstract

This invention proposes a flare igniter and a gas turbine. The flare igniter of this invention includes: a main combustion stage nozzle having a first fuel inlet, a first air inlet, and a first discharge port; a shift nozzle having a second fuel inlet and a second fuel outlet, the second fuel outlet being adjacent to the first discharge port, the fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet being burned to ignite the fuel ejected from the first discharge port; an ignition section having a third fuel inlet and a third fuel outlet, the third fuel outlet being adjacent to the second fuel outlet, the second fuel outlet being located between the first discharge port and the third fuel outlet, the third fuel outlet being annular, the third fuel outlet being arranged around the periphery of the shift nozzle, the fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet being burned to ignite the fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet; and an igniter adjacent to the third fuel outlet. Therefore, the flare igniter according to this invention has the advantage of high ignition safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of burner technology, specifically to a flare igniter and a gas turbine. Background Technology

[0002] Transforming traditional gas turbines fueled by fossil fuels (natural gas, diesel, etc.) into hydrogen-fueled gas turbines is a key research and development direction for gas turbine manufacturers. The development and application of hydrogen gas turbines can alleviate energy security issues and lead the way in the application of zero-carbon clean energy, playing a crucial supporting role in "building a new power system dominated by new energy sources."

[0003] Compared to natural gas fuels, primarily methane, used in traditional gas turbines, hydrogen fuel has significantly different physical and chemical properties. Hydrogen is highly self-igniting, with a very short autoignition delay time and a minimum ignition energy of only 0.02 mJ under normal temperature and pressure conditions, which is 14 times lower than methane's 0.28 mJ. While easier to ignite, hydrogen is more difficult to control in terms of safety. Furthermore, hydrogen has a very high flame propagation speed; under normal temperature and pressure conditions, its laminar flame propagation speed can be up to 10 times that of methane, making it highly susceptible to backfire. In related technologies, hydrogen-blended gas turbines have complex ignition structures, requiring additional natural gas and propane circuits for ignition and matching corresponding switching control logic, resulting in complex structures and high costs for the gas turbine and its application systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of this invention provide a flare igniter and a gas turbine.

[0005] The torch igniter of this invention includes:

[0006] A main combustion stage nozzle, wherein the main combustion stage nozzle has a first fuel inlet, a first air inlet and a first discharge outlet;

[0007] The duty nozzle has a second fuel inlet and a second fuel outlet, the second fuel outlet being adjacent to the first discharge port, and the fuel sprayed from the second fuel outlet being burned to ignite the fuel sprayed from the first discharge port;

[0008] The ignition section has a third fuel inlet and a third fuel outlet. The third fuel outlet is adjacent to the second fuel outlet, which is located between the first discharge port and the third fuel outlet. The third fuel outlet is annular and is arranged around the periphery of the duty nozzle. The fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet is used to ignite the fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet after combustion.

[0009] An igniter is located adjacent to the third fuel outlet and is used to ignite the fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet.

[0010] Therefore, the torch igniter according to embodiments of the present invention has the advantage of high ignition safety.

[0011] In some embodiments, the ignition unit has a plurality of ignition chambers spaced apart, the third fuel inlet is a plurality of such chambers, and the third fuel outlet includes a plurality of third fuel sub-outlets spaced apart in the circumferential direction. The plurality of ignition chambers are connected one-to-one with the plurality of third fuel inlets and the plurality of third fuel sub-outlets.

[0012] In some embodiments, the ignition part is sleeved around the periphery of the duty nozzle, and the ignition part and the duty nozzle define the ignition chamber, the third fuel inlet and the third fuel outlet.

[0013] In some embodiments, the flow rate of fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet is greater than the flow rate of fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet;

[0014] The orientation of the first discharge port is the first direction;

[0015] The second fuel outlet is located between the first discharge port and the third fuel outlet in the first direction;

[0016] The distance between the first discharge port and the second fuel outlet in the first direction is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 300 mm;

[0017] The distance between the third fuel outlet and the second fuel outlet in the first direction is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 200 mm.

[0018] In some embodiments, the main combustion stage nozzle is annular, the axial direction of the main combustion stage nozzle is the first direction, and the main combustion stage nozzle has a diffuser hole extending through it in the first direction;

[0019] The main combustion nozzle has a first side and a second side facing away from each other in the first direction. Both the first side and the second side are annular surfaces with a thickness equal to that in the first direction. The inner edge of the annular surface of the first side defines a first opening of the diffuser hole, through which air can enter the diffuser hole. The inner edge of the annular surface of the second side defines a second opening of the diffuser hole. The first fuel inlet and the first air inlet are located on the first side, and the first discharge port is located on the second side. There are multiple first fuel inlets, first air inlets, and first discharge ports.

[0020] The duty nozzle is a tube extending along the first direction. The second fuel inlet and the second fuel outlet are located at both ends of the nozzle. The second fuel outlet passes through the first opening and extends into the diffuser hole.

[0021] In some embodiments, the diffusion hole includes a first variable diameter section and a second variable diameter section connected in sequence in the first direction. The second variable diameter section is located on the side of the first variable diameter section away from the first opening in the first direction. The diameter of the first variable diameter section decreases in the first direction away from the first opening, and the diameter of the second variable diameter section increases in the first direction away from the first opening.

[0022] The second fuel outlet is located adjacent to the junction of the first variable diameter section and the second variable diameter section in the first direction;

[0023] The second fuel outlet is located within the first variable diameter section of the diffuser orifice;

[0024] There are multiple second fuel outlets, which are circumferentially spaced at the end of the duty nozzle. The second fuel outlets are inclined in a direction away from the axis of the duty nozzle in the direction adjacent to the second diameter section.

[0025] In some embodiments, the diffusion hole further includes a straight pipe section located on the side of the first diameter-changing section opposite to the second diameter-changing section in the first direction;

[0026] The straight pipe section is equipped with a cyclone separator circumferentially arranged around the duty nozzle, and the cyclone separator includes a plurality of cyclone vanes arranged sequentially along the circumference.

[0027] In some embodiments, the ignition part is adjacent to the first opening in the first direction, the ignition part is a tube extending in the first direction, the third fuel outlet and the third fuel inlet are located at both ends of the ignition part, and the third fuel outlet faces the first opening in the first direction.

[0028] The torch igniter of this invention includes

[0029] An end cap is provided at a distance from the main combustion stage nozzle in the first direction. The end cap is annular and has a mounting hole that extends through it in the first direction. The end cap has a main combustion stage fuel chamber and is provided with a plurality of main combustion stage fuel pipes that communicate with the main combustion stage fuel chamber. The plurality of main combustion stage fuel pipes are connected to a plurality of the first fuel inlets in a corresponding manner.

[0030] A fixing plate is fixed to the end cap. The duty nozzle, the ignition part, and the igniter are all fixed to the fixing plate. The ignition part and the igniter are both inserted into the mounting hole. The duty nozzle and the igniter can discharge to ignite the fuel sprayed from the third fuel outlet. The fixing plate has an ignition fuel chamber, which is annular and communicates with the third fuel inlet.

[0031] The present invention also proposes a gas turbine, comprising:

[0032] A torch igniter, wherein the torch igniter is the torch igniter described above.

[0033] The flame tube is connected to the main combustion stage nozzle of the torch igniter. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a torch igniter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a side view of a torch igniter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of a torch igniter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the duty nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a duty nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the duty nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure label:

[0041] Main combustion stage nozzle 1, first fuel inlet 11, first air inlet 12, first discharge port 13, first side 14, second side 15;

[0042] Diffuser hole 2, first opening 21, second opening 22, first diameter changing section 23, second diameter changing section 24, straight pipe section 25;

[0043] On-duty nozzle 3, second fuel inlet 31, second fuel outlet 32;

[0044] Ignition section 4, third fuel inlet 41, third fuel outlet 42, third fuel sub-outlet 43, ignition chamber 44;

[0045] Ignition device 5;

[0046] Hydrocyclone 6, cyclone vane 61;

[0047] End cap 7, mounting hole 71, main combustion stage fuel chamber 72, fixing plate 73, main combustion stage fuel pipe 74, ignition fuel chamber 75. Detailed Implementation

[0048] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, with examples of the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0049] The torch igniter of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the torch igniter according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a main combustion stage nozzle 1, a duty nozzle 3, an ignition part 4, and an igniter 5.

[0050] The main combustion stage nozzle 1 has a first fuel inlet 11, a first air inlet 12, and a first discharge port 13. Specifically, main combustion stage fuel enters the main combustion stage nozzle 1 through the first fuel inlet 11, and air enters the main combustion stage nozzle 1 through the first air inlet 12 and mixes with the fuel inside the main combustion stage nozzle 1. The first discharge port 13 of the main combustion stage nozzle 1 is connected to the flame tube, and the mixed fuel is discharged from the first discharge port 13 and then burned in the flame tube.

[0051] The duty nozzle 3 has a second fuel inlet 31 and a second fuel outlet 32. The second fuel outlet 32 ​​is adjacent to the first discharge port 13. The fuel sprayed from the second fuel outlet 32 ​​is used to ignite the fuel sprayed from the first discharge port 13 after combustion. Specifically, the duty fuel enters the duty nozzle 3 from the second fuel inlet 31 and is discharged from the second fuel outlet 32.

[0052] The ignition unit 4 has a third fuel inlet 41 and a third fuel outlet 42, with the third fuel outlet 42 adjacent to the second fuel outlet 32. The second fuel outlet 32 ​​is located between the first discharge port 13 and the third fuel outlet 42. The third fuel outlet 42 is annular, arranged around the periphery of the duty nozzle 3. The fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet 42, after combustion, is used to ignite the fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet 32. An igniter 5 is adjacent to the third fuel outlet 42 and is used to ignite the fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet 42. The igniter 5 can discharge electricity to ignite the fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet 42. For example, the ignition unit 5 is a spark plug.

[0053] After the igniter 5 ignites the fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet 42 of the ignition section 4, the igniter 5 stops working. The flame ejected by the igniter 5 can ignite the fuel ejected from the first discharge port 13 of the duty nozzle 3, and then the third fuel outlet 42 of the ignition section 4 stops ejecting fuel. The duty flame ejected by the duty nozzle 3 can ignite the fuel ejected from the first discharge port 13 of the main combustion stage nozzle 1. The third fuel outlet 42 is arranged around the periphery of the duty nozzle 3, which makes the flame ejected by the third fuel outlet 42 a diffusion combustion flame, thereby facilitating the third fuel outlet 42 to ignite the fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet 32 ​​of the duty nozzle 3.

[0054] When hydrogen is used as fuel in the main combustion stage nozzle 1, the shift nozzle 3, and the ignition section 4, the ignition section 4, the shift nozzle 3, and the main combustion stage nozzle 1 are ignited sequentially using a three-stage ignition method. The main combustion stage nozzle 1 is the primary combustion nozzle of the flare igniter, and the flow rate of fuel ejected from the first outlet 13 needs to be controlled according to the requirements of the flare igniter to meet combustion requirements. The ignition section 4 and the shift nozzle 3 are used for ignition, thereby controlling the flow rate of fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet 42 of the ignition section 4 and the second fuel outlet 32 ​​of the shift nozzle 3. This results in a lower hydrogen flow rate in the ignition section 4, increasing ignition safety. Furthermore, there are no air inlets in the ignition section 4 and the shift nozzle 3, preventing flame combustion within them. This, in turn, makes the entire ignition process more gentle and controllable when the ignition section 4, the shift nozzle 3, and the main combustion stage nozzle 1 are ignited sequentially, improving the ignition safety of the hydrogen fuel flare igniter. Furthermore, by using an ignition torch to achieve direct ignition of hydrogen fuel, there is no need to use other fuels such as natural gas or propane for indirect ignition. This single-fuel system enables safe and reliable ignition technology, effectively reducing the complexity of the torch igniter and thus lowering costs.

[0055] Therefore, the torch igniter according to embodiments of the present invention has the advantage of high ignition safety.

[0056] In some embodiments, the flow rate of fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet 32 ​​is greater than the flow rate of fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet 42. The flow rate of fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet 32 ​​can be controlled by controlling the fuel supply amount of the third fuel inlet 41 of the ignition unit 4 or the diameter of the second fuel outlet 32. This allows for a smaller hydrogen flow rate in the ignition unit 4, increasing ignition safety.

[0057] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, in some embodiments, the first discharge port 13 is oriented in a first direction, and the second fuel outlet 32 ​​is located between the first discharge port 13 and the third fuel outlet 42 in the first direction. Specifically, the third fuel outlet 42, the second fuel outlet 32, and the first discharge port 13 are arranged alternately in the first direction. The first direction can be a left-right direction, as indicated by the arrows in the figure. For example, the first discharge port 13 is oriented to the right. The third fuel outlet 42, the second fuel outlet 32, and the first discharge port 13 are arranged alternately from left to right.

[0058] The distance between the first discharge port 13 and the second fuel outlet 32 ​​in the first direction is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 300 mm. For example, the distance between the first discharge port 13 and the second fuel outlet 32 ​​in the first direction (left-right direction) is 100 mm.

[0059] The distance between the third fuel outlet 42 and the second fuel outlet 32 ​​in the first direction is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 200 mm. For example, the distance between the third fuel outlet 42 and the second fuel outlet 32 ​​in the first direction (left-right direction) is 100 mm.

[0060] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the main combustion stage nozzle 1 is annular, with its axial direction being a first direction. The main combustion stage nozzle 1 has a first side surface 14 and a second side surface 15 facing away from each other in the first direction. Both the first side surface 14 and the second side surface 15 are annular surfaces with a thickness equal to that in the first direction. A first fuel inlet 11 and a first air inlet 12 are located on the first side surface 14, and a first discharge port 13 is located on the second side surface 15. There are multiple first fuel inlets 11, first air inlets 12, and first discharge ports 13.

[0061] Specifically, primary combustion stage fuel enters the primary combustion stage nozzle 1 through multiple first fuel inlets 11 on the first side 14, and air enters the primary combustion stage nozzle 1 through multiple first air inlets 12 on the first side 14. The fuel mixed with air is discharged from the first outlet 13 on the second side 15. For example, the axial direction of the primary combustion stage nozzle 1 is left-right, and the primary combustion stage nozzle 1 has a diffuser hole 2 that penetrates it in the left-right direction. The first side 14 is located to the left of the second side 15. Both the first side 14 and the second side 15 are annular surfaces with a thickness in the left-right direction. The multiple first outlets 13 are arranged in a matrix or in multiple ring groups, and each ring group includes multiple first outlets 13 spaced apart circumferentially. The right side of the primary combustion stage nozzle 1 is connected to the flame tube.

[0062] The main combustion stage nozzle 1 has a diffuser hole 2 extending through it in a first direction. The inner annular edge of the first side 14 defines a first opening 21 of the diffuser hole 2, through which air can enter. The inner annular edge of the second side 15 defines a second opening 22 of the diffuser hole 2. The duty nozzle 3 is a tube extending in the first direction. A second fuel inlet 31 and a second fuel outlet 32 ​​are located at both ends of the nozzle. The second fuel outlet 32 ​​passes through the first opening 21 and extends into the diffuser hole 2. Thus, air can enter the diffuser hole 2 through the first opening 21, and fuel in the duty nozzle 3 can enter the diffuser hole 2 through the second fuel outlet 32, allowing the duty fuel to mix with the air in the diffuser hole 2 and then exit through the second opening 22, i.e., the duty flame exits through the second opening 22. Furthermore, multiple first discharge ports 13 are located around the second opening 22, so that the duty flame can ignite the main combustion stage fuel discharged from the multiple first discharge ports 13, thereby facilitating the ignition of the main combustion stage nozzle 1. For example, the main combustion nozzle 1 has a diffuser 2 extending through it in the left-right direction, with a first opening 21 located to the left of the second opening 22. The duty nozzle 3 is a tube extending in the left-right direction, with a second fuel inlet 31 located to the left of the second fuel outlet 32.

[0063] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the diffuser 2 includes a first variable-diameter section 23 and a second variable-diameter section 24 connected sequentially in a first direction. The second variable-diameter section 24 is located on the side of the first variable-diameter section 23 away from the first opening 21 in the first direction. The diameter of the first variable-diameter section 23 decreases in the first direction away from the first opening 21, and the diameter of the second variable-diameter section 24 increases in the first direction away from the first opening 21. The second fuel outlet 32 ​​is adjacent to the connection between the first variable-diameter section 23 and the second variable-diameter section 24 in the first direction. This allows the flame ejected from the second outlet 22 to be diffused, facilitating the ignition of fuel discharged from the peripheral first outlet 13 by the flame. For example, the first variable-diameter section 23 is located to the left of the second variable-diameter section 24, with the diameter of the first variable-diameter section 23 decreasing to the right and the diameter of the second variable-diameter section 24 increasing to the right. The second fuel outlet 32 ​​is adjacent to the connection between the first variable-diameter section 23 and the second variable-diameter section 24 in the left-right direction.

[0064] like Figure 1 and Figure 6As shown, in some embodiments, the second fuel outlet 32 ​​is located within the first diameter-changing section 23 of the diffuser orifice 2. There are multiple second fuel outlets 32, which are circumferentially spaced at the end of the duty nozzle 3. The second fuel outlets 32 are inclined in a direction away from the axis of the duty nozzle 3 in the direction adjacent to the second diameter-changing section 24. This allows the end of the duty nozzle 3 to have multiple second fuel outlets 32 facing the second opening 22 and arranged in a circumferentially diffused manner, further facilitating a diffused duty flame ejected from the second outlets 22.

[0065] In some embodiments, the diffuser 2 further includes a straight pipe section 25, which is located on the side of the first diameter-changing section 23 facing away from the second diameter-changing section 24 in a first direction. A cyclone separator 6 is provided within the straight pipe section 25, circumferentially arranged around the duty nozzle 3. The cyclone separator 6 includes a plurality of cyclone vanes 61 arranged sequentially along the circumference. Thus, after air enters the straight pipe section 25 of the diffuser 25 through the first opening 21, its flow direction is disrupted by the plurality of cyclone vanes 61 of the cyclone separator 6, so that the air entering the first diameter-changing section 23 and the second diameter-changing section 24 is in a swirling state. This allows the swirling air to mix with the fuel, resulting in a swirling flame exiting the duty flame through the second opening 22, further facilitating the ignition of the fuel discharged from the first discharge port 13 on the periphery.

[0066] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the ignition section 4 is adjacent to the first opening 21 in the first direction. The ignition section 4 is a tube extending in the first direction, with a third fuel outlet 42 and a third fuel inlet 41 located at both ends of the ignition section 4, and the third fuel outlet 42 facing the first opening 21 in the first direction. This allows the flame ejected from the third fuel outlet 42 of the ignition section 4 to easily enter the diffuser hole 2 (first diameter section 23, second diameter section 24, and straight pipe section 25), thereby facilitating the ignition of the standby fuel within the diffuser hole 2.

[0067] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, in some embodiments, the ignition unit 4 has multiple spaced-apart ignition chambers 44, multiple third fuel inlets 41, and multiple third fuel outlets 42 including multiple circumferentially spaced third fuel sub-outlets 43. The multiple ignition chambers 44 are connected one-to-one with the multiple third fuel inlets 41 and the multiple third fuel sub-outlets 43. Specifically, the ignition unit 4 is sleeved on the periphery of the duty nozzle 3, and the ignition unit 4 and the duty nozzle 3 define the ignition chambers 44, the third fuel inlets 41, and the third fuel outlets 42. Multiple circumferentially spaced partitions are provided between the ignition unit 4 and the duty nozzle 3, extending along a first direction, and the partitions separate the multiple circumferentially spaced ignition chambers 44. Fuel enters the multiple ignition chambers 44 from the multiple third fuel inlets 4 and then exits from the multiple third fuel sub-outlets 43. Each third fuel sub-outlet 43 has a small outlet size, resulting in a small hydrogen flow rate and high safety. For example, the ignition section 4 is a tube extending in the left-right direction, and the third fuel outlet 42 (third fuel sub-outlet 43) is located to the right of the third fuel inlet 41.

[0068] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the torch igniter includes an end cap 7 and a fixing plate 73.

[0069] End cap 7 is spaced apart from main combustion stage nozzle 1 in a first direction. End cap 7 is annular and has mounting holes 71 extending through it in the first direction. End cap 7 has a main combustion stage fuel chamber 72, and multiple main combustion stage fuel pipes 74 communicating with the main combustion stage fuel chamber 72 are provided on end cap 7. The multiple main combustion stage fuel pipes 74 are connected one-to-one with multiple first fuel inlets 11. Thus, after the main combustion stage fuel is introduced into the main combustion stage fuel chamber 72 of end cap 7, the main combustion stage fuel in the main combustion stage fuel chamber 72 of end cap 7 can be introduced into the multiple first fuel inlets 11 through the multiple main combustion stage fuel pipes 74. For example, the multiple main combustion stage fuel pipes 74 are spaced apart circumferentially on the periphery of the duty nozzle 3. End cap 7 is located on the left side of main combustion stage nozzle 1, and mounting holes 71 extend through the cover plate 7 in the left-right direction.

[0070] A fixing plate 73 is fixed to the end cap 7. The duty nozzle 3, ignition part 4, and igniter 5 are all fixed to the fixing plate 73, and all three are inserted into the mounting hole 71. The fixing plate 73 has an ignition fuel chamber 75, which is annular and communicates with (multiple) third fuel inlets 41. This facilitates the integration of the duty nozzle 3, ignition part 4, and igniter 5 onto the end cap 7. Furthermore, after ignition fuel is introduced into the ignition fuel chamber 75, the ignition fuel chamber 75 can provide fuel to multiple ignition chambers 44. For example, the duty nozzle 3 is located at the center hole of the duty nozzle 3.

[0071] The igniter 5 is controlled to discharge to ignite the fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet 42 of the ignition section 4. Specifically, the spark plug is activated to discharge, supplying a small amount of fuel (pre-set value) to the third fuel inlet 41. The fuel is ignited by the spark plug to form a stable diffusion flame. The ignition torch operates in diffusion combustion mode, which can form a stable flame, and the hydrogen flow rate of the ignition fuel is small, ensuring good ignition safety. After the fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet 42 of the ignition section 4 burns stably and forms an ignition flame, the igniter 5 is controlled to stop operating. The second fuel outlet 32 ​​of the duty nozzle 3 is controlled to eject fuel to ignite the fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet 32. The flow rate of the fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet 32 ​​is greater than the flow rate of the fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet 42. Specifically, an appropriate amount of fuel is supplied to the second fuel inlet 31 of the duty nozzle 3, and the ignition torch of the ignition section 4 passes through the vortex generator 6 to ignite the fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet 32 ​​of the duty nozzle 3, forming a duty flame.

[0072] After the fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet 32 ​​ignites and forms a standby flame, the fuel supply to the ignition section 4 is shut off. Fuel is then ejected from the first discharge port 13 of the main combustion stage nozzle 1 so that the standby flame ignites the fuel ejected from the first discharge port 13. The ignition process is now complete, and subsequent fuel supply to the main combustion stage nozzle 1 can be made according to the gas turbine's operational needs. Throughout the ignition process, the flare ignition stage fuel operates in diffusion combustion mode, forming a stable flame, and the low hydrogen flow rate ensures good safety during ignition. The flare then ignites the standby fuel, which also operates in diffusion combustion mode, resulting in a gentle ignition process. During the entire ignition process, there is no fuel in the main combustion stage nozzle 1 channel, effectively preventing backfire and deflagration caused by premixed auto-ignition, as well as the more serious combustion safety problems caused by potential deflagration turning into detonation.

[0073] The present invention also proposes a gas turbine, wherein the gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a flare igniter and a flame tube according to an embodiment of the present invention, the flame tube being connected to the main combustion stage nozzle 1 of the flare igniter according to an embodiment of the present invention, so that the flame burns in the flame tube.

[0074] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0075] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0076] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0077] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0078] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0079] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A torch igniter, characterized in that, include: A main combustion stage nozzle, wherein the main combustion stage nozzle has a first fuel inlet, a first air inlet and a first discharge outlet; The duty nozzle has a second fuel inlet and a second fuel outlet, the second fuel outlet being adjacent to the first discharge port, and the fuel sprayed from the second fuel outlet being burned to ignite the fuel sprayed from the first discharge port; The ignition section has a third fuel inlet and a third fuel outlet. The third fuel outlet is adjacent to the second fuel outlet, which is located between the first discharge port and the third fuel outlet. The third fuel outlet is annular and is arranged around the periphery of the duty nozzle. The fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet is used to ignite the fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet after combustion. An igniter, located adjacent to the third fuel outlet, is used to ignite the fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet. After the igniter ignites the fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet of the ignition section, the igniter stops working; the flame ejected from the ignition section can ignite the fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet of the duty nozzle, and then the third fuel outlet of the ignition section stops ejecting fuel; the duty flame ejected from the duty nozzle can ignite the fuel ejected from the first discharge port of the main combustion stage nozzle, and the third fuel outlet is arranged around the periphery of the duty nozzle, so that the flame ejected from the third fuel outlet is a diffusion combustion flame.

2. The torch igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ignition unit has multiple ignition chambers spaced apart, the third fuel inlet is multiple, and the third fuel outlet includes multiple third fuel sub-outlets spaced apart in the circumferential direction. The multiple ignition chambers are connected one-to-one with the multiple third fuel inlets and the multiple third fuel sub-outlets.

3. The torch igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ignition part is sleeved around the periphery of the duty nozzle, and the ignition part and the duty nozzle define the ignition chamber, the third fuel inlet and the third fuel outlet.

4. The torch igniter according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The flow rate of fuel ejected from the second fuel outlet is greater than the flow rate of fuel ejected from the third fuel outlet; The orientation of the first discharge port is the first direction; The second fuel outlet is located between the first discharge port and the third fuel outlet in the first direction; The distance between the first discharge port and the second fuel outlet in the first direction is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 300 mm; The distance between the third fuel outlet and the second fuel outlet in the first direction is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 200 mm.

5. The torch igniter according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main combustion stage nozzle is annular, the axial direction of the main combustion stage nozzle is the first direction, and the main combustion stage nozzle has a diffuser hole that penetrates through it in the first direction; The main combustion nozzle has a first side and a second side facing away from each other in the first direction. Both the first side and the second side are annular surfaces with a thickness equal to that in the first direction. The inner edge of the annular surface of the first side defines a first opening of the diffuser hole, through which air can enter the diffuser hole. The inner edge of the annular surface of the second side defines a second opening of the diffuser hole. The first fuel inlet and the first air inlet are located on the first side, and the first discharge port is located on the second side. There are multiple first fuel inlets, first air inlets, and first discharge ports. The duty nozzle is a tube extending along the first direction. The second fuel inlet and the second fuel outlet are located at both ends of the nozzle. The second fuel outlet passes through the first opening and extends into the diffuser hole.

6. The torch igniter according to claim 5, characterized in that, The diffusion hole includes a first variable diameter section and a second variable diameter section connected in sequence in the first direction. The second variable diameter section is located on the side of the first variable diameter section away from the first opening in the first direction. The diameter of the first variable diameter section decreases in the first direction away from the first opening, and the diameter of the second variable diameter section increases in the first direction away from the first opening. The second fuel outlet is located adjacent to the junction of the first variable diameter section and the second variable diameter section in the first direction; The second fuel outlet is located within the first variable diameter section of the diffuser orifice; There are multiple second fuel outlets, which are circumferentially spaced at the end of the duty nozzle. The second fuel outlets are inclined in a direction away from the axis of the duty nozzle in the direction adjacent to the second diameter section.

7. The torch igniter according to claim 6, characterized in that, The diffusion hole further includes a straight pipe section, which is located on the side of the first diameter-changing section opposite to the second diameter-changing section in the first direction; The straight pipe section is equipped with a cyclone separator circumferentially arranged around the duty nozzle, and the cyclone separator includes a plurality of cyclone vanes arranged sequentially along the circumference.

8. The torch igniter according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ignition section is adjacent to the first opening in the first direction. The ignition section is a tube extending along the first direction. The third fuel outlet and the third fuel inlet are located at both ends of the ignition section. The third fuel outlet faces the first opening in the first direction.

9. The torch igniter according to claim 8, characterized in that, include An end cap is provided at a distance from the main combustion stage nozzle in the first direction. The end cap is annular and has a mounting hole that extends through it in the first direction. The end cap has a main combustion stage fuel chamber and is provided with a plurality of main combustion stage fuel pipes that communicate with the main combustion stage fuel chamber. The plurality of main combustion stage fuel pipes are connected to a plurality of the first fuel inlets in a corresponding manner. A fixing plate is fixed to the end cap. The duty nozzle, the ignition part, and the igniter are all fixed to the fixing plate. The ignition part and the igniter are both inserted into the mounting hole. The igniter can discharge to ignite the fuel sprayed from the third fuel outlet. The fixing plate has an ignition fuel chamber, which is annular and communicates with the third fuel inlet.

10. A gas turbine, characterized in that, include: A torch igniter, wherein the torch igniter is the torch igniter according to any one of claims 1-9; The flame tube is connected to the main combustion stage nozzle of the torch igniter.

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