A method for shaft excavation construction

Abstract

The application discloses a shaft tunneling construction method, which comprises the following steps: determining a shaft construction area, and opening a pilot hole at a position adjacent to the shaft construction area before shaft tunneling construction; when the pilot hole reaches a preset depth, installing tunneling equipment in the shaft construction area to tunnel the shaft; the shaft and the pilot hole are tunneled at the same tunneling speed, the depth of the pilot hole is always greater than the depth of the shaft, and the depth difference is a constant value; a slag discharge channel is arranged between the tunneling end of the shaft and the pilot hole, which is used for discharging the sludge generated in the tunneling process in the shaft, and the tunneling equipment in the shaft is used for discharging the corresponding sludge; when the shaft is excavated to the design depth, the tunneling equipment is removed, and concrete is poured into the shaft from the pilot hole to complete shaft bottom sealing, and a dry and stable shaft working surface is formed after the concrete is solidified. The application solves the problem of sludge discharge in the large-diameter shaft tunneling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building construction technology, and in particular relates to a method for shaft excavation. Background Technology

[0002] Shaft boring machines are the main construction equipment for shaft construction, which is widely used in urban construction, resource exploration, and mineral extraction.

[0003] Since shaft tunneling machines primarily achieve full-face excavation through the cutterhead, and the cutterhead's excavation direction aligns with gravity, excavated soil cannot automatically accumulate, hindering cutterhead muck removal. Muck removal capacity is a significant factor affecting the excavation efficiency of shaft tunneling. Furthermore, for large-diameter shaft tunneling projects, the required large-volume tunneling equipment is often inconvenient to transport and dismantle, greatly increasing preparation time for tunneling operations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of the prior art by disclosing a vertical shaft excavation method, which solves the problem of slag removal in the process of excavating large-diameter vertical shafts.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for shaft excavation, comprising: determining the shaft construction area and, before shaft excavation, opening a pilot tunnel at a location adjacent to the shaft construction area;

[0007] After the pilot tunnel has been drilled to the preset depth, tunneling equipment will be installed in the shaft construction area to carry out shaft excavation;

[0008] The vertical shaft and the pilot tunnel are excavated at the same excavation rate, and the depth of the pilot tunnel is always greater than the depth of the vertical shaft, with the depth difference being a constant value.

[0009] A slag discharge channel is provided between the excavation end of the shaft and the pilot tunnel to remove the mud and slag generated during the excavation process in the shaft, and the corresponding slag and soil are discharged by the excavation equipment in the shaft.

[0010] When the shaft is excavated to the designed depth, all tunneling equipment is dismantled, and concrete is poured from the pilot tunnel into the shaft to complete the bottom sealing of the shaft. After the concrete solidifies, a dry and stable shaft working face is formed.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the guide tunnel is tangentially arranged with the vertical shaft, and a first protective casing is provided inside the vertical shaft, while a second protective casing is provided inside the guide tunnel.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, during the hole-forming process, the second casing has a pre-set height notch at its bottom end on the side tangent to the vertical shaft to form a slag discharge channel.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the second protective sleeve is composed of two protective sleeve plates in a circumferential direction. Each protective sleeve plate has a tenon structure on its lower two end faces in the circumferential direction and a mortise groove on its upper two end faces. When the second protective sleeve is lowered, the tenon structure of the protective sleeve plate is placed in the mortise groove of the previous protective sleeve plate, and the mortise groove is left for the installation of the next protective sleeve plate. The overall protective sleeve structure is formed by the staggered superposition of the various protective sleeve plates.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, the pilot tunnel is formed using a rotary drilling rig.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, the shaft excavation equipment includes a cutterhead and a tunneling machine;

[0016] The tunneling cutterhead is formed by splicing together circumferential cutting edges. A turntable groove is also provided on the inner side wall of the circumferential cutting edges. A sealing plate is also provided inside the tunneling cutterhead. The sealing plate is snapped and connected to each circumferential cutting edge to complete the lateral sealing of the tunneling cutterhead.

[0017] The top of the circumferential cutting edge is provided with a cavity to provide a connection port for the first casing of the vertical shaft, and the first casing pushes the tunneling cutterhead to move vertically;

[0018] The tunneling machine includes a power module, a cutterhead, a drive gear, and a breaker head;

[0019] One end of each cutterhead holder is connected to the power module, and the other end is connected to a drive gear. The drive gear is engaged in the turntable groove. The turntable groove is provided with a rack structure that meshes with the drive gear. The power module drives each cutterhead holder to rotate in the horizontal plane, thereby realizing the horizontal rotation drive of the tunneling cutterhead by the drive gear.

[0020] The breaker head is located on the bottom side of the plane formed by each cutterhead structure and is used to break up the soil layer during the tunneling process.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the tunneling machine includes a telescopic boom, and the breaker head is connected to a central bearing at the bottom of the power module via the telescopic boom, and is driven by the central bearing to rotate around the axis of the vertical shaft.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, the tunneling machine includes a first hydraulic rod, one end of which is connected to a central bearing and the other end of which is connected to the end of a telescopic boom. The telescopic boom is driven and controlled by the first hydraulic rod.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the tunneling machine includes a digging head and a telescopic boom. The digging head is connected to a central bearing at the bottom of the power module via the telescopic boom, and is driven by the central bearing to rotate around the axis of the vertical shaft to guide the crushed excavated soil so that the corresponding excavated soil enters the guide tunnel through the slag discharge channel.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, the tunneling machine includes a second hydraulic rod, one end of which is connected to a central bearing and the other end of which is connected to the end of the telescopic boom. The telescopic boom is telescopically driven and controlled by the second hydraulic rod.

[0025] The aforementioned main solution of the present invention and its various further alternative solutions can be freely combined to form multiple solutions, all of which are solutions that can be adopted and are claimed by the present invention. Those skilled in the art, after understanding the solution of the present invention, will realize that there are many combinations based on existing technology and common knowledge, all of which are technical solutions to be protected by the present invention, and will not be exhaustively listed here.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0027] This invention's shaft excavation method solves the problem that when the cutterhead's excavation direction is aligned with the gravity direction, the excavated soil cannot automatically accumulate, hindering cutterhead muck removal. By setting up a guide tunnel with a diameter much smaller than the shaft, the excavated soil is guided into the guide tunnel by the tunneling machine, achieving active accumulation of the excavated soil. The corresponding tunneling equipment within the guide tunnel then completes the external removal of the excavated soil from the shaft. Furthermore, the tunneling equipment used in this invention, due to its compact and flexible structure without a muck removal structure, avoids the inconvenience of transportation and dismantling, as well as the long preparation time for tunneling work caused by traditional large-volume tunneling equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical shaft excavation construction structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the vertical shaft and guide tunnel of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circumferential cutting edge of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tunneling machine of the present invention;

[0032] Among them, 10-vertical shaft, 11-first casing, 12-tunneling cutterhead, 120-circumferential cutting edge, 121-cavity, 122-turntable groove, 123-sealing plate, 20-guide tunnel, 21-second casing, 22-slag discharge channel, 30-tunneling machine, 301-power module, 302-cutterhead frame, 303-drive gear, 304-center bearing, 305-telescopic main boom, 306-telescopic auxiliary boom, 307-excavating shovel head, 308-breaker head, 309-first hydraulic rod, 310-second hydraulic rod. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features described therein can be combined with each other.

[0034] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] Furthermore, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the structures, connections, positions, power sources, etc. involved in this invention are all things that a person skilled in the art can know without creative effort based on the prior art.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] refer to Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, a method for shaft excavation is illustrated, which includes:

[0041] The construction area of ​​shaft 10 is determined, and a pilot tunnel 20 is opened at a location adjacent to the construction area of ​​shaft 10 before the excavation of shaft 10.

[0042] After the pilot tunnel 20 has been drilled to the preset depth, tunneling equipment will be installed in the construction area of ​​shaft 10 to carry out shaft 10 tunneling;

[0043] The vertical shaft 10 and the pilot tunnel 20 are excavated at the same excavation rate. The depth of the pilot tunnel 20 is always greater than the depth of the vertical shaft 10, and the depth difference is a constant value.

[0044] A slag discharge channel 22 is provided between the excavation end of the vertical shaft 10 and the guide tunnel 20 to remove the mud and slag generated during the excavation process in the vertical shaft 10, and the corresponding slag and soil are discharged by the excavation equipment in the vertical shaft 10.

[0045] When shaft 10 is excavated to the designed depth, all tunneling equipment is dismantled, and concrete is poured from the guide tunnel 20 into shaft 10 to complete the bottom sealing of shaft 10. After the concrete solidifies, a dry and stable working face of shaft 10 is formed.

[0046] Preferably, the guide tunnel 20 is tangentially arranged to the shaft 10, and the diameter of the guide tunnel 20 is much smaller than the diameter of the shaft 10. Furthermore, the shaft 10 is equipped with a first casing 11, and the guide tunnel 20 is equipped with a second casing 21. When the shaft 10 and the guide tunnel 20 are excavating simultaneously, the excavation in the guide tunnel 20 and the excavation equipment in the shaft 10 are not on the same horizontal plane, and since they are protected by casings, there will be no interference.

[0047] Preferably, the pilot tunnel 20 can be formed using a rotary drilling rig, or mechanical equipment such as a dragline or grab shovel, with different equipment selected depending on the different bottom layers. During the drilling process, the second casing 21 has a pre-set height notch at its bottom end on the side tangent to the shaft 10 to form a slag discharge channel 22. This ensures that the rock and soil cut in the shaft 10 can be discharged into the pilot tunnel 20.

[0048] The functions of the pilot tunnel 20 include: muck removal; maintenance: when the tunneling machine 30 malfunctions, it needs to be lowered into the pilot tunnel 20 for maintenance and parts replacement; and a transfer channel for the bottom sealing concrete.

[0049] Furthermore, after the vertical shaft 10 is excavated, the bottom of the guide tunnel 20 can be partially filled with concrete to serve as the back wall of the pipe jacking equipment. Without pouring concrete, it can serve as a lateral guide for the early entry of the pipe jacking machine into the tunnel, facilitating the placement of the pipe jacking machine head.

[0050] Preferably, the second protective sleeve 21 is composed of two protective sleeve pieces in a circumferential direction. Each protective sleeve piece has a tenon structure on the lower two ends of the circumferential direction and a mortise groove on the upper two ends. When the second protective sleeve 21 is lowered, the tenon structure of the protective sleeve piece is placed in the mortise groove of the previous protective sleeve piece. The mortise groove is left for the installation of the next protective sleeve piece. The overall protective sleeve structure is formed by the staggered superposition of each protective sleeve piece.

[0051] At this point, a gap is left at the bottom of the guide tunnel 20, with the front of the gap facing the shaft 10. When the tunneling machine 30 is working, after the breaker head 8 has cut through the strata of one working face, it further breaks the strata near the gap, connecting the shaft 10 and the guide tunnel 20, forming a slag discharge channel 22 at the bottom. Then, the excavating shovel head 307 is controlled to shovel the bottom slag into the guide tunnel 20, and finally discharge it to the ground from the opening of the guide tunnel 20.

[0052] Preferably, the tunneling equipment used in the construction of the shaft 10 includes a cutterhead 12 and a tunneling machine 30.

[0053] Preferably, the tunneling cutterhead 12 is formed by splicing together circumferential cutting edges 120, and a turntable groove 122 is also provided on the inner side wall of the circumferential cutting edges 120. The bottom end of the circumferential cutting edges 120 has a cutting edge structure.

[0054] Furthermore, the tunneling cutterhead 12 is also equipped with a sealing plate 123, which is connected to each circumferential cutting edge 120 to complete the lateral sealing of the tunneling cutterhead 12, so as to seal the corresponding water body when water comes out during the tunneling process.

[0055] The top of the circumferential cutting edge 120 is provided with a cavity 121 to provide a connection port for the first casing 11 of the shaft 10, and the first casing 11 pushes the tunneling cutterhead 12 to move vertically.

[0056] Preferably, the tunneling machine 30 includes a power module 301, a cutterhead holder 302, a drive gear 303, and a breaker head 308.

[0057] Each cutterhead holder 302 is connected to the power module 301 at one end and to a drive gear 303 at the other end. The drive gear 303 is engaged in the turntable groove 122. The turntable groove 122 is provided with a rack structure that meshes with the drive gear 303. The power module 301 drives each cutterhead holder 302 to rotate in the horizontal plane, thereby realizing the horizontal rotation drive of the tunneling cutterhead 12 by the drive gear 303.

[0058] Preferably, the breaking head 308 is disposed on the bottom side of the plane formed by each cutterhead holder 302, and is used to break the soil layer during the tunneling process.

[0059] Preferably, the tunneling machine 30 includes a telescopic boom 306, and the breaker head 308 is connected to a central bearing 304 at the bottom of the power module 301 via the telescopic boom 306, and is driven by the central bearing 304 to rotate around the axis of the shaft 10. The central bearing 304 can rotate relative to the power module 301 around its axis.

[0060] Furthermore, the tunneling machine 30 includes a first hydraulic rod 309, one end of which is connected to the central bearing 304, and the other end is connected to the end of the telescopic boom 306. The first hydraulic rod 309 completes the telescopic drive control of the telescopic boom 306.

[0061] Preferably, the tunneling machine 30 includes a digging head 307 and a telescopic boom 305. The digging head 307 is connected to the central bearing 304 at the bottom of the power module 301 via the telescopic boom 305, and is driven by the central bearing 304 to rotate around the axis of the vertical shaft 10 to guide the crushed slag, so that the corresponding slag enters the guide tunnel 20 through the slag discharge channel 22.

[0062] Furthermore, the tunneling machine 30 includes a second hydraulic rod, one end of which is connected to the central bearing 304, and the other end is connected to the end of the telescopic boom 305. The telescopic boom 305 is telescopically driven and controlled by the second hydraulic rod.

[0063] In this embodiment, the number of telescopic main boom, telescopic auxiliary boom, excavating shovel, and breaker head can be set according to requirements or the diameter of the shaft.

[0064] In the vertical shaft 10, the bottom of the first casing 11 is the cutterhead 12. During tunneling, the power module 301 controls the drive gear 303 of the casing frame to rotate, causing the cutterhead 12 to rotate around its axis. The cutting edge structure at the bottom of the first casing 11 cuts the ground during rotation, allowing the first casing 11 to penetrate deeper into the ground. Simultaneously, a new casing plate is lowered into the shaft to complete the casing follow-up operation. The sealing plate 123 above the turntable groove 122 serves a waterproof function during tunneling.

[0065] This tunneling equipment 30 can adapt to vertical tunneling under different geological conditions, including sand and gravel layers, weathered mudstone, soft soil, clay, and other soft and hard layers. Different drill bits can be used depending on the geological layer. When there is no water underground, the sealing plate 123 does not need to be installed. When the underwater working position ensures a dry environment in the shaft, the sealing plate 123 is installed. The number of breaker heads 308 and excavating heads 307 is adjustable, and a viewing camera can be installed on the telescopic boom to transmit data to the control room on the ground, allowing for real-time monitoring of the underwater working conditions.

[0066] The segments of the first casing 11 in the vertical shaft 10 are similar to the assembled segments of a subway, with hand control and connection holes. The vertical connection uses rigid rods, including but not limited to precision rolled threaded steel; the horizontal (circumferential) connection uses flexible materials, including but not limited to bonded prestress, unbonded prestress, or bonded prestress.

[0067] This invention's shaft excavation method solves the problem that when the cutterhead's excavation direction is aligned with the gravity direction, the excavated soil cannot automatically accumulate, hindering cutterhead muck removal. By setting up a guide tunnel with a diameter much smaller than the shaft, the excavated soil is guided into the guide tunnel by the tunneling machine, achieving active accumulation of the excavated soil. The corresponding tunneling equipment within the guide tunnel then completes the external removal of the excavated soil from the shaft. Furthermore, the tunneling equipment used in this invention, due to its compact and flexible structure without a muck removal structure, avoids the inconvenience of transportation and dismantling, as well as the long preparation time for tunneling work caused by traditional large-volume tunneling equipment.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for vertical shaft excavation, characterized in that, The shaft excavation construction method includes: determining the shaft construction area, and opening a pilot tunnel (20) at an adjacent location to the shaft construction area before shaft excavation construction; After the pilot tunnel (20) has been drilled to the preset depth, tunneling equipment is installed in the shaft construction area to excavate the shaft (10); The vertical shaft (10) and the pilot tunnel (20) are excavated at the same excavation rate. The depth of the pilot tunnel (20) is always greater than the depth of the vertical shaft (10), and the depth difference is a constant value. A slag discharge channel (22) is provided between the excavation end of the vertical shaft (10) and the guide tunnel (20) to remove the mud and slag generated during the excavation process in the vertical shaft (10), and the corresponding slag and soil are discharged by the excavation equipment in the vertical shaft. When the shaft (10) is excavated to the designed depth, all tunneling equipment is removed, and concrete is poured from the guide tunnel (20) into the shaft (10) to complete the bottom sealing of the shaft (10). After the concrete solidifies, a dry and stable shaft working face is formed.

2. The shaft excavation construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide tunnel (20) is tangentially arranged with the vertical shaft (10), and the vertical shaft (10) is provided with a first protective casing (11), while the guide tunnel (20) is provided with a second protective casing (21).

3. The shaft excavation construction method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, During the hole-forming process, the second casing (21) has a pre-set height gap at the bottom end on the side tangent to the vertical shaft (10) to form a slag discharge channel (22).

4. The shaft excavation construction method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The second protective sleeve (21) is composed of two protective sleeve plates in a circumferential direction. Each protective sleeve plate has a tenon structure on the lower two ends of the circumferential direction and a tenon groove on the upper two ends. When lowering the second protective sleeve (21), the tenon structure of the protective sleeve is placed in the tenon groove of the previous protective sleeve, and the tenon groove is left for the installation of the next protective sleeve. The overall protective sleeve structure is formed by the overlapping of each protective sleeve.

5. The shaft excavation construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pilot tunnel (20) was formed using a rotary drilling rig.

6. The shaft excavation construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tunneling equipment used in the shaft construction process includes a cutterhead (12) and a tunneling machine (30); The tunneling cutterhead (12) is formed by splicing together circumferential cutting edges (120). The inner sidewall of the circumferential cutting edges (120) is also provided with a turntable groove (122), and the tunneling cutterhead (12) is also provided with a sealing plate (123). The sealing plate (123) is snapped and connected with each circumferential cutting edge (120) to complete the lateral sealing of the tunneling cutterhead (12). The top of the circumferential cutting edge (120) is provided with a cavity (121) to provide a connection port for the first casing (11) of the vertical shaft (10), and the first casing (11) pushes the tunneling cutterhead (12) to move vertically; The tunneling machine (30) includes a power module (301), a cutterhead holder (302), a drive gear (303), and a breaker head (308); Each cutterhead holder (302) is connected at one end to the power module (301) and at the other end to a drive gear (303). The drive gear (303) is engaged in the turntable groove (122). The turntable groove (122) is provided with a rack structure that meshes with the drive gear (303). The power module (301) drives each cutterhead holder (302) to rotate in the horizontal plane, thereby realizing the horizontal rotation drive of the tunneling cutterhead (12) by the drive gear (303). The breaker head (308) is located on the bottom side of the plane formed by each cutterhead frame (302) and is used to break the soil layer during the tunneling process.

7. The shaft excavation construction method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The tunneling machine (30) includes a telescopic boom (306), and the breaker head (308) is connected to the central bearing (304) at the bottom of the power module (301) via the telescopic boom (306), and is driven by the central bearing (304) to rotate around the axis of the vertical shaft (10).

8. The shaft excavation construction method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The tunneling machine (30) includes a first hydraulic rod (309), one end of which is connected to a central bearing (304), and the other end is connected to the end of a telescopic boom (306). The first hydraulic rod (309) completes the telescopic drive control of the telescopic boom (306).

9. The shaft excavation construction method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The tunneling machine (30) includes a digging head (307) and a telescopic boom (305). The excavating shovel (307) is connected to the central bearing (304) at the bottom of the power module (301) via the telescopic main arm (305), and is driven by the central bearing (304) to rotate around the axis of the vertical shaft (10) to guide the crushed slag, so that the corresponding slag enters the guide tunnel (20) through the slag discharge channel (22).

10. The shaft excavation construction method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The tunneling machine (30) includes a second hydraulic rod (310), one end of which is connected to the central bearing (304), and the other end is connected to the end of the telescopic boom (305). The telescopic boom (305) is telescopically driven and controlled by the second hydraulic rod (310).

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