Integrated anchor cable for soft and disintegrating rock mass and construction method

Abstract

The present application relates to rock mass supporting technical field, provide a kind of integrated anchor cable for soft disintegrating rock mass and construction method, integrated anchor cable includes anchor cable, grouting pipe, expansion capsule, anchor cable tensioning lock, tray and aligning ball pad, anchor cable includes anchor cable exposed section, anchor cable tensioning section and anchor cable anchoring section in turn;The import of grouting pipe is set at anchor cable exposed section, the outlet of grouting pipe is set at the junction position of anchor cable tensioning section and anchor cable anchoring section;Expansion capsule is wrapped in the local cable section of anchor cable tensioning section, local cable section corresponds to the orifice position of drilling, expansion capsule is connected with grouting pipe, and expansion capsule expands under the grouting pressure of grouting pipe.By waterproof anchoring agent, anchor cable anchoring section is fixed with the hole wall of drilling, and the orifice of drilling is sealed by expansion capsule, avoid the leakage of slurry along the orifice position of drilling, can realize good tensioning effect and grouting effect, can provide good supporting capacity for soft disintegrating rock mass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock mass support technology, and in particular to an integrated anchor cable and construction method for soft, disintegrating rock masses. Background Technology

[0002] In coal mine roadway support, rock bolts are typically used to reinforce the surrounding rock. The cable system for anchoring the surrounding rock generally consists of steel strands, a support plate, anchorages, and anchoring agent. Soft rock contains substances that readily react with water, such as montmorillonite and illite. Soft rock exhibits significant swelling, rheological properties, and susceptibility to disturbance when exposed to water, leading to severe deformation and damage to the roadway's surrounding rock. When anchor cables are anchored in water-bearing soft rock using anchoring agents, the influence of water makes it difficult for the anchoring agent to firmly anchor the surrounding rock to the anchor cable, often resulting in weakened anchoring force. This weakened anchoring force makes it difficult to apply a sufficiently high preload, thus preventing the anchor cable from providing effective and proactive support to the surrounding rock. In related technologies, ordinary anchor cables are difficult to grout after tensioning due to the lack of grouting pipes. Even when grout is injected through tray openings or locking device openings, the mechanical insertion of rubber plugs often results in poor sealing, leading to significant grout leakage and failing to achieve the desired grouting effect. Hollow grouting anchor cables, due to the presence of hollow grouting pipes throughout the cable body, have a tensile strength that is only about 60% of that of anchor cables of the same diameter without grouting pipes. Furthermore, the grouting holes in hollow grouting anchor cables are easily blocked by anchoring agents and fractured rock masses, hindering the achievement of effective grouting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in related technologies. To this end, this invention proposes an integrated anchor cable for soft and disintegrating rock masses. The anchor cable anchoring section and the borehole wall can be fixed by a waterproof anchoring agent, and the borehole opening is sealed by an expansion capsule, preventing grout leakage along the borehole opening. Therefore, it can achieve good tensioning and grouting effects, and can provide good support for soft and disintegrating rock masses.

[0004] The present invention also provides a construction method for an integrated anchor cable for soft, disintegrating rock masses.

[0005] An integral anchor cable for soft, disintegrating rock masses, according to a first aspect embodiment of the present invention, comprises:

[0006] Anchor cable, the anchor cable comprising an exposed section, a tensioning section and an anchoring section arranged sequentially;

[0007] The grouting pipe has its inlet located at the exposed section of the anchor cable and its outlet located at the junction of the anchor cable tensioning section and the anchor cable anchoring section.

[0008] An expansion capsule is included, which is wrapped around a local section of the anchor cable tensioning section, the local section corresponding to the borehole opening position. The expansion capsule is connected to the grouting pipe, and the expansion capsule expands under the grouting pressure of the grouting pipe.

[0009] An anchor cable tensioning lock, wherein the anchor cable tensioning lock is connected to the exposed section of the anchor cable;

[0010] A tray, wherein a tray hole is formed in the center of the tray, and the anchor cable passes through the tray hole;

[0011] A self-aligning ball pad is disposed between the anchor cable tensioning lock and the tray. An anchor cable mounting hole is formed in the center of the self-aligning ball pad, and the anchor cable passes through the anchor cable mounting hole.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a grouting channel is formed in the exposed section of the anchor cable, and an outlet pipe communicating with the grouting channel is provided on the side wall of the exposed section of the anchor cable. The grouting pipe passes through the grouting channel along the outlet pipe, and the inlet of the grouting pipe is located at the end of the exposed section of the anchor cable away from the tensioning section of the anchor cable.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the end of the exposed section of the anchor cable forms a grouting port interface with the inlet of the grouting pipe, and the grouting port interface is connected to the grouting pipe anchor cable connector.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the expansion capsule is a tubular body made of rubber, the tubular body is sleeved on the outside of the partial cable segment, and both ends of the tubular body are provided with locking strap grooves, the tubular body is connected to the partial cable segment by locking straps provided in the locking strap grooves.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a one-way safety valve is provided inside the expansion capsule, the grouting pipe is connected to the one-way safety valve, and the one-way safety valve is provided with an injection port; wherein, when the grouting pressure inside the expansion capsule is lower than a preset pressure, the grouting pipe is connected to the injection port along the one-way safety valve; when the grouting pressure inside the expansion capsule is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, the grouting pipe is connected to the outlet of the grouting pipe along the one-way safety valve.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the grouting pipe includes a first grouting pipe and a second grouting pipe, the first grouting pipe being connected to the expansion capsule, and the outlet of the second grouting pipe being located at the junction of the anchor cable tensioning section and the anchor cable anchoring section.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the grouting pipe is wound around and connected to the anchor cable tensioning section corresponding to the pipe segment of the anchor cable tensioning section.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an isolation ring is provided at the junction of the anchor cable tensioning section and the anchor cable anchoring section, and a central hole is formed in the center of the isolation ring, through which the anchor cable passes;

[0019] The isolation ring has an internal cavity, and the side wall of the isolation ring facing the anchor cable tensioning section has a grout outlet and a joint hole that are connected to the cavity. The outlet of the grouting pipe is connected to the joint hole.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the outlet of the grouting pipe is provided with a hollow adapter, the outer side wall of the hollow adapter is provided with a positioning pin, the edge of the connector hole is provided with a positioning groove adapted to the positioning pin, and the hollow adapter is connected to the connector hole.

[0021] A construction method for an integrated anchor cable for soft, disintegrating rock mass according to a second aspect embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0022] After the drilling location is determined, a drilling rig is used to drill holes in the surrounding rock until the drilling depth reaches the designed depth.

[0023] The waterproof anchoring agent is inserted into the bottom of the borehole, then the anchor cable is inserted into the borehole, and the anchoring section of the anchor cable is inserted to the bottom of the borehole, pushing against the waterproof anchoring agent.

[0024] Wait for a first preset time period to allow the waterproof anchoring agent, the anchor cable anchoring section, and the borehole wall to be anchored and stabilized.

[0025] The tray, self-aligning ball pad, and anchor tensioning lock are sequentially installed on the anchor cable, and the preload of the anchor cable is tensioned to the design value;

[0026] Grout is injected into the grouting pipe by a grouting pump: first, the grouting pressure inside the expansion capsule reaches the preset pressure, and the borehole opening is sealed by the expansion capsule; then, grout is injected into the area between the anchor cable tensioning section and the borehole wall, and the grouting pressure value is reached.

[0027] Wait for a second preset time period to allow the grout between the anchor cable tensioning section and the borehole wall to reach the designed strength.

[0028] The above-described one or more technical solutions of this invention have at least one of the following technical effects:

[0029] An integrated anchor cable for soft, disintegrating rock masses, provided according to an embodiment of the present invention, includes an anchor cable, a grouting pipe, an expansion capsule, an anchor cable tensioning device, a tray, and a self-aligning ball pad. The anchor cable includes an exposed section, a tensioning section, and an anchoring section arranged sequentially. The inlet of the grouting pipe is located at the exposed section of the anchor cable, and the outlet of the grouting pipe is located at the junction of the tensioning section and the anchoring section. The expansion capsule is wrapped around a partial section of the tensioning section, the partial section corresponding to the borehole opening. The expansion capsule is connected to the grouting pipe and expands under the grouting pressure of the grouting pipe. The anchor cable tensioning device is connected to the exposed section of the anchor cable. A tray hole is formed in the center of the tray, and the anchor cable passes through the tray hole. The self-aligning ball pad is located between the anchor cable tensioning device and the tray, and an anchor cable installation hole is formed in the center of the self-aligning ball pad, and the anchor cable passes through the anchor cable installation hole. By fixing the anchor cable anchoring section and the borehole wall with waterproof anchoring agent, and sealing the borehole opening with expansion capsules, leakage of grout along the borehole opening is prevented. Therefore, good tensioning and grouting effects can be achieved, providing good support for soft and disintegrating rock masses. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of an integrated anchor cable for soft, disintegrating rock masses provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the isolation ring, anchor cable, and grouting pipe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the isolation ring and the hollow adapter in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the expansion capsule and the one-way safety valve in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial structure of the grouting pipe and the exposed section of the anchor cable in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure label:

[0037] 1. External grouting pipe; 2. Quick connector; 3. Grouting pipe anchor cable connector; 4. Grouting port interface end; 5. Anchor cable exposed section; 6. Anchor cable tensioning lock; 7. Self-aligning ball pad; 8. Tray hole; 9. Tray; 10. Locking groove; 11. Expansion capsule; 12. Grouting pipe; 13. Anchor cable tensioning section; 14. Grout outlet; 15. Isolation ring; 16. Anchor cable anchoring section; 17. Central hole; 18. Connector hole; 19. Rotating ring; 20. Positioning pin; 21. Hollow adapter; 22. One-way safety valve; 23. Outlet pipe; 24. Injection bladder port; 25. Waterproof anchoring agent; 26. Drilling hole. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the invention clearer, the technical solutions of the invention will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] In embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0042] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0043] In related technologies, ordinary anchor cables are difficult to grout after tensioning due to the lack of grouting pipes. Even when grout is injected through tray openings or locking device openings, the mechanical insertion of rubber plugs often results in poor sealing, leading to significant grout leakage and failing to achieve the desired grouting effect. Hollow grouting anchor cables, due to the presence of hollow grouting pipes throughout the cable body, have a tensile strength that is only about 60% of that of anchor cables of the same diameter without grouting pipes. Furthermore, the grouting holes in hollow grouting anchor cables are easily blocked by anchoring agents and fractured rock masses, hindering the achievement of effective grouting.

[0044] Practical research has shown that for controlling soft, disintegrating rock masses, whether in newly excavated or repaired tunnels, achieving high-prestress full-length anchorage is the primary objective. High-prestress full-length anchorage involves first applying a sufficiently large tensile force to the anchor cable (reaching 30%–60% of its yield strength), and then injecting grout while the anchor cable is under tension to achieve full-length anchorage. This type of full-length anchorage provides excellent control over soft, disintegrating rock masses due to its structural stability.

[0045] Please refer to the integrated anchor cable for soft, disintegrating rock masses provided in the first aspect embodiment of the present invention. Figures 1 to 5 The integrated anchor cable includes the anchor cable, grouting pipe 12, expansion capsule 11, anchor cable tensioning lock 6, tray 9, and self-aligning ball pad 7.

[0046] The anchor cable is made of prestressed steel strands with a certain strength, including the exposed section 5, the tensioning section 13, and the anchoring section 16 arranged sequentially. The anchor cable is an integral structure, and the different sections are only functionally divided to facilitate the description of its working principle. The exposed section 5 is mainly used for fixing the locking device and grouting during prestressing tensioning. The tensioning section 13 is located inside the borehole 26 during use and can generate preload under the action of the tensioning machine. The anchoring section 16 is located at the bottom of the borehole 26, which can anchor the anchor cable and provide reverse support force during anchoring.

[0047] Grouting pipes 12 are installed from the exposed section 5 of the anchor cable to the tensioning section 13. The inlet of the grouting pipe 12 is located at the exposed section 5, and the outlet is located at the junction of the tensioning section 13 and the anchoring section 16. It should be noted that the grouting pipe 12 corresponding to the tensioning section 13 is located on the outside of the tensioning section 13, and the tensioning section 13 does not have a hollow grouting channel, which can improve the strength of the integrated anchor cable. The grouting pipe 12 is installed close to the outer wall of the tensioning section 13 to minimize the overall size of the integrated anchor cable, which facilitates the installation and construction of the anchor cable.

[0048] In some embodiments, the grouting pipe 12 is wound around the anchor cable tensioning section 13 corresponding to the pipe segment of the anchor cable tensioning section 13.

[0049] Please see Figures 1 to 5 The grouting pipe 12 is wound and connected to the anchor cable tensioning section 13. On the one hand, this reduces the work of fixing the grouting pipe 12 again. On the other hand, the spirally arranged grouting pipe 12 provides sufficient deformation length, which can prevent the grouting pipe 12 from deforming and necking under tension during anchor cable tensioning, thus avoiding affecting the grout flow capacity of the grouting pipe 12.

[0050] The expansion capsule 11 is wrapped around a local section of the anchor cable tensioning section 13, which corresponds to the borehole opening of the borehole 26. The expansion capsule 11 is connected to the grouting pipe 12, and the expansion capsule 11 expands under the grouting pressure of the grouting pipe 12.

[0051] Please see Figure 1An expansion capsule 11 is installed in a local section of the anchor cable 13 near the exposed section 5 of the anchor cable. When the anchor cable passes through the borehole 26, the expansion capsule 11 corresponds to the borehole opening of the borehole 26. The expansion capsule 11 is connected to the grouting pipe 12 and expands under the grouting pressure of the grouting pipe 12. During the drilling process of the borehole 26, the violent vibration of the drill bit can cause the surrounding rock to break and fall off at the borehole opening of the borehole 26. Therefore, the size of the borehole opening is highly unpredictable. The expansion capsule 11 is different from a standard-sized rubber plug. The expansion capsule 11 has a certain deformation capacity and can adapt to the complex types of boreholes 26 on site. Even if the surrounding rock falls off at the borehole opening of the borehole 26, the deformation of the expansion capsule 11 will fill the depressed part, thereby sealing the borehole opening of the borehole 26. By controlling the grouting pressure of the expansion capsule 11, the expansion capsule 11 can be tightly fitted to the borehole wall of the borehole 26.

[0052] After the anchor cable is secured, an anchor cable tensioning device 6, a tray 9, and a self-aligning ball pad 7 are installed to tension the anchor cable. The anchor cable tensioning device 6 is connected to the exposed section 5 of the anchor cable. The tray 9 has a tray hole 8 in its center, through which the anchor cable passes. The self-aligning ball pad 7 is positioned between the anchor cable tensioning device 6 and the tray 9. The self-aligning ball pad 7 has an anchor cable installation hole in its center, through which the anchor cable passes. Once the anchor cable anchoring section 16 and the waterproof anchoring agent 25 are stably anchored to the rock strata, the tensioning device uses a hydraulic tensioning pump to compress the self-aligning ball pad 7 and the domed tray 9, thus tensioning the anchor cable tensioning section 13.

[0053] The integrated anchor cable for soft and disintegrating rock masses provided by the present invention can fix the anchor cable anchoring section 16 and the borehole wall of the borehole 26 by means of waterproof anchoring agent 25, and seal the borehole opening of the borehole 26 by means of expansion capsule 11, so as to avoid leakage of grout along the borehole opening of the borehole 26. Therefore, it can achieve good tensioning effect and grouting effect, and can provide good support for soft and disintegrating rock masses.

[0054] In some embodiments, a grouting channel is formed in the exposed section 5 of the anchor cable, and the side wall of the exposed section 5 of the anchor cable is provided with an outlet 23 connected to the grouting channel. The grouting pipe 12 passes through the grouting channel along the outlet 23, and the inlet of the grouting pipe 12 is located at the end of the exposed section 5 of the anchor cable away from the end of the anchor cable tensioning section 13.

[0055] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 5To ensure a proper arrangement of the grouting pipe 12 and the exposed section 5 of the anchor cable, minimizing interference with the anchor cable tensioning components (i.e., the anchor cable tensioning lock 6, the tray 9, and the self-aligning ball pad 7, etc.), a grouting channel is provided within the exposed section 5 of the anchor cable corresponding to the anchor cable tensioning components, and the grouting pipe 12 is placed within the grouting channel. Since the anchor cable tensioning section 13 requires a larger preload, no grouting channel is provided in the anchor cable tensioning section 13. The grouting pipe 12 extends along the outlet 23 and is fitted against the outer wall of the anchor cable tensioning section 13. At this point, the inlet of the grouting pipe 12 is located at the end of the exposed section 5 of the anchor cable away from the anchor cable tensioning section 13. After tensioning is completed, grouting can be performed on the grouting pipe 12 along the end of the exposed section 5 of the anchor cable.

[0056] In some embodiments, the end of the exposed section 5 of the anchor cable forms a grouting port interface 4 with the inlet of the grouting pipe 12, and the grouting port interface 4 is connected to the grouting pipe anchor cable connector 3.

[0057] Please see Figure 1 The exposed end of the anchor cable 5 is flush with or integrated with the inlet of the grouting pipe 12, allowing grout to be added to the grouting pipe anchor cable connector 3 and the grouting pipe 12 via the external grouting pipe 121. The external grouting pipe 121 is connected to the grouting pump, and its connection end has a quick connector 2. The quick connector 2 and the grouting pipe anchor cable connector 3 are easily positioned and inserted / removed, improving grouting efficiency when there are a large number of anchor cables.

[0058] In some embodiments, the expansion capsule 11 is a tubular body made of rubber, which is sleeved on the outside of the local cable segment. Both ends of the tubular body are provided with locking strap grooves 10, and the tubular body is connected to the local cable segment by locking straps provided in the locking strap grooves 10.

[0059] Please see Figure 1 To ensure the anchor cable is centered in borehole 26 and to improve the uniform distribution of grout between the anchor cable and the borehole wall in all directions, the expansion capsule 11 is a tubular body made of rubber. During grouting, the tubular body expands uniformly, supporting the anchor cable at the center of borehole 26. In this case, the expansion capsule 11 not only seals the grout but also provides positioning and support. Locking grooves 10 are provided at both ends of the tubular body, allowing the tubular body to be locked to the corresponding cable segment using locking straps within the grooves, facilitating assembly.

[0060] In some embodiments, an expansion capsule 11 is provided with a one-way safety valve 22, and a grouting pipe 12 is connected to the one-way safety valve 22. The one-way safety valve 22 is provided with an injection port 24. When the grouting pressure in the expansion capsule 11 is lower than a preset pressure, the grouting pipe 12 is connected to the injection port 24 along the one-way safety valve 22. When the grouting pressure in the expansion capsule 11 is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, the grouting pipe 12 is connected to the outlet of the grouting pipe 12 along the one-way safety valve 22.

[0061] Please see Figure 4 The grouting pipe 12 enters the open-type one-way safety valve 22 from one end of the expansion capsule 11 and then exits from the other end of the expansion capsule 11. It then continues to spirally wind around the outside of the anchor cable tensioning section 13 in the same direction until it reaches the junction of the anchor cable tensioning section 13 and the anchor cable anchoring section 16.

[0062] Under the action of the grouting pump, the grout sequentially enters the grouting pipe 12 through the external grouting pipe 121, the quick connector 2 of the external grouting pipe 121, the grouting pipe anchor cable connector 3, and the grouting port interface end 4. The grout continues to flow into the expansion capsule 11 through the open-hole one-way safety valve 22. The grout flows out along the injection port 24 on the open-hole one-way safety valve 22 and fills the entire expansion capsule 11, causing it to expand and tightly compress the borehole wall 26. When the grout reaches the predetermined pressure within the expansion capsule 11, it breaks through the pressure value of the open-hole one-way safety valve 22 and continues to flow along the grouting pipe 12 towards its outlet. The grout fills the pore between the anchor cable tensioning section 13 and the borehole 26. After the grout solidifies, high prestress full-length anchoring of the entire anchor cable can be achieved.

[0063] In some embodiments, the grouting pipe 12 includes a first grouting pipe 12 and a second grouting pipe 12. The first grouting pipe 12 is connected to the expansion capsule 11, and the outlet of the second grouting pipe 12 is located at the junction of the anchor cable tensioning section 13 and the anchor cable anchoring section 16.

[0064] It is understood that in this embodiment, the grouting pipe 12 includes a first grouting pipe 12 and a second grouting pipe 12 that are independently set. The inlets of the first grouting pipe 12 and the second grouting pipe 12 are both set at the end of the exposed section of the anchor cable. The first grouting pipe 12 is used to ensure the grouting pressure inside the expansion capsule 11 to ensure a tight seal at the opening of the borehole 26. The second grouting pipe 12 is used to fill the pore between the entire anchor cable tensioning section 13 and the borehole 26 with grout.

[0065] In some embodiments, an isolation ring 15 is provided at the junction of the anchor cable tensioning section 13 and the anchor cable anchoring section 16. A central hole 17 is formed in the center of the isolation ring 15, through which the anchor cable passes. An annular cavity is formed inside the isolation ring 15. A grout outlet 14 communicating with the annular cavity and a joint hole 18 are provided on the side wall of the isolation ring 15 facing the anchor cable tensioning section 13. The outlet of the grouting pipe 12 is connected to the joint hole 18.

[0066] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The size of the isolation ring 15 is adapted to the size of the borehole 26, similar to the expansion capsule 11. Under the action of grouting pressure, the isolation ring 15 can expand and isolate the anchoring section 16 and the tensioning section 13 of the anchor cable. The grout in the grouting pipe 12 first flows into the annular cavity of the isolation ring 15 along the joint hole 18. Under the action of grouting pressure, the isolation ring 15 expands and isolates the anchoring section 16 and the tensioning section 13 of the anchor cable. As the grouting pressure further increases, the grout flows along the grout outlet 14 to the space between the tensioning section 13 of the anchor cable and the borehole wall of the borehole 26.

[0067] Soft rock contains substances that readily undergo physicochemical reactions upon contact with water, such as montmorillonite and illite. Soft rock exhibits significant swelling, rheological properties, and susceptibility to disturbance when exposed to water, leading to severe deformation and damage to the surrounding rock in tunnels. When anchor cables are secured in water-bearing soft rock using anchoring agents, the influence of water makes it difficult for the anchoring agent to firmly anchor the rock to the cable, often resulting in weakened anchoring force. This weakened anchoring force makes it difficult to apply a sufficiently high preload, thus preventing the anchor cable from providing effective and proactive support to the surrounding rock.

[0068] The isolation ring 15 provided in this embodiment of the invention can isolate the anchoring section 16 and the tensioning section 13 of the anchor cable, thereby preventing water in the later injected grout from damaging the anchoring effect between the early waterproof anchoring agent 25 and the surrounding rock. This can keep the pre-tightening force of the anchor cable stable during the tensioning stage, the grouting stage and the grout solidification stage, thereby improving the support capacity for soft and disintegrating rock masses.

[0069] In some embodiments, the outlet of the grouting pipe 12 is provided with a hollow adapter 21, the outer wall of the hollow adapter 21 is provided with a positioning pin 20, the edge of the connector hole 18 is provided with a positioning groove adapted to the positioning pin 20, and the hollow adapter 21 is connected to the connector hole 18.

[0070] Please see Figure 3The outlet of the grouting pipe 12 is equipped with a rotating ring 19, which is rotatably connected to the hollow adapter 21. By rotating the hollow adapter 21, the positioning pin 20 of the hollow adapter 21 is aligned with the positioning groove of the connector hole 18, allowing the outlet of the grouting pipe 12 to be connected to the connector hole 18. By rotating the hollow adapter 21 again, the positioning pin 20 is displaced from the positioning groove, at which point the hollow adapter 21 and the connector hole 18 are engaged, enabling a quick connection between the grouting pipe 12 and the isolation ring 15, thus improving construction efficiency.

[0071] The construction method for an integrated anchor cable for soft, disintegrating rock mass according to a second aspect embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0072] (1) After the location of borehole 26 is determined, borehole 26 is drilled in the surrounding rock by drilling rig until the depth of borehole 26 reaches the designed depth.

[0073] (2) Insert the waterproof anchoring agent 25 into the bottom of the drill hole 26, then insert the anchor cable into the drill hole 26, and insert the anchoring section 16 of the anchor cable against the waterproof anchoring agent 25 to the bottom of the drill hole 26.

[0074] In this step, the anchor section 16 of the anchor cable is anchored to the surrounding rock by the waterproof anchoring agent 25. When the anchor cable is tensioned later, the anchor section 16 of the anchor cable and the waterproof anchoring agent 25 can provide reverse tension support force for the anchor cable.

[0075] (3) Wait for the first preset time to stabilize the waterproof anchoring agent 25, the anchoring section 16 of the anchor cable and the hole wall of the borehole 26.

[0076] (4) Install the tray 9, the self-aligning ball pad 7 and the anchor cable tensioning lock 6 onto the anchor cable in sequence, and tension the anchor cable to the design value.

[0077] (5) Grouting into the grouting pipe 12 by grouting pump: First, make the grouting pressure in the expansion capsule 11 reach the preset pressure, and seal the hole opening of the borehole 26 through the expansion capsule 11; then grout into the area between the anchor cable tensioning section 13 and the hole wall of the borehole 26, and reach the grouting pressure value.

[0078] (6) Wait for a second preset time to allow the grout between the anchor cable tensioning section 13 and the borehole wall of the borehole 26 to reach the design strength.

[0079] After completing the above steps, the next anchor cable can be installed.

[0080] The construction method of the integrated anchor cable for soft and disintegrating rock mass provided by the present invention can fix the anchor cable anchoring section 16 and the borehole wall of the borehole 26 by means of waterproof anchoring agent 25, and seal the borehole opening of the borehole 26 by means of expansion capsule 11, so as to avoid leakage of grout along the borehole opening of the borehole 26. Therefore, it can achieve good tensioning effect and grouting effect, and can provide good support for soft and disintegrating rock mass.

[0081] When the integrated anchor cable includes an isolation ring 15, the isolation ring 15 can isolate the anchor cable anchoring section 16 and the anchor cable tensioning section 13, thereby preventing water in the later injected grout from damaging the anchoring effect between the early waterproof anchoring agent 25 and the surrounding rock. This can keep the preload of the anchor cable stable during the tensioning stage, grouting stage and grout curing stage, thereby improving the support capacity for soft and disintegrating rock masses.

[0082] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated anchor cable for soft, disintegrating rock masses, characterized in that, include: Anchor cable, the anchor cable comprising an exposed section, a tensioning section and an anchoring section arranged sequentially; The grouting pipe has its inlet located at the exposed section of the anchor cable and its outlet located at the junction of the anchor cable tensioning section and the anchor cable anchoring section. An expansion capsule is included, which is wrapped around a local section of the anchor cable tensioning section, the local section corresponding to the borehole opening position. The expansion capsule is connected to the grouting pipe, and the expansion capsule expands under the grouting pressure of the grouting pipe. An anchor cable tensioning lock, wherein the anchor cable tensioning lock is connected to the exposed section of the anchor cable; A tray, wherein a tray hole is formed in the center of the tray, and the anchor cable passes through the tray hole; A self-aligning ball pad is disposed between the anchor cable tensioning lock and the tray. An anchor cable mounting hole is formed in the center of the self-aligning ball pad, and the anchor cable passes through the anchor cable mounting hole. The expansion capsule is a tubular body made of rubber. The tubular body is sleeved on the outside of the partial cable segment. Both ends of the tubular body are provided with locking strap grooves. The tubular body is connected to the partial cable segment by locking straps provided in the locking strap grooves. The expansion capsule is equipped with a one-way safety valve, and the grouting pipe is connected to the one-way safety valve. The one-way safety valve is equipped with an injection port. When the grouting pressure inside the expansion capsule is lower than a preset pressure, the grouting pipe is connected to the injection port along the one-way safety valve. When the grouting pressure inside the expansion capsule is greater than or equal to the preset pressure, the grouting pipe is connected to the outlet along the one-way safety valve. The grouting pipe is wound and connected to the anchor cable tensioning section corresponding to the pipe section of the anchor cable tensioning section; An isolation ring is provided at the junction of the anchor cable tensioning section and the anchor cable anchoring section, and a central hole is formed in the center of the isolation ring, through which the anchor cable passes; The isolation ring has an internal cavity, and the side wall of the isolation ring facing the anchor cable tensioning section has a grout outlet and a joint hole that communicate with the cavity. The outlet of the grouting pipe communicates with the joint hole. The outlet of the grouting pipe is provided with a hollow adapter. The outer wall of the hollow adapter is provided with a positioning pin. The edge of the connector hole is provided with a positioning groove that matches the positioning pin. The hollow adapter is connected to the connector hole.

2. The integrated anchor cable for soft, disintegrating rock masses according to claim 1, characterized in that, A grouting channel is formed within the exposed section of the anchor cable. The side wall of the exposed section of the anchor cable is provided with an outlet that communicates with the grouting channel. The grouting pipe passes through the grouting channel along the outlet, and the inlet of the grouting pipe is located at the end of the exposed section of the anchor cable away from the tensioning section of the anchor cable.

3. The integrated anchor cable for soft, disintegrating rock masses according to claim 2, characterized in that, The exposed end of the anchor cable forms a grouting port interface with the inlet of the grouting pipe, and the grouting port interface is connected to the anchor cable connector of the grouting pipe.

4. The integrated anchor cable for soft, disintegrating rock masses according to claim 3, characterized in that, The grouting pipe includes a first grouting pipe and a second grouting pipe. The first grouting pipe is connected to the expansion capsule, and the outlet of the second grouting pipe is located at the junction of the anchor cable tensioning section and the anchor cable anchoring section.

5. A construction method for an integrated anchor cable for soft, disintegrating rock mass as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, include: After the drilling location is determined, a drilling rig is used to drill holes in the surrounding rock until the drilling depth reaches the designed depth. The waterproof anchoring agent is inserted into the bottom of the borehole, then the anchor cable is inserted into the borehole, and the anchoring section of the anchor cable is inserted to the bottom of the borehole, pushing against the waterproof anchoring agent. Wait for a first preset time period to allow the waterproof anchoring agent, the anchor cable anchoring section, and the borehole wall to be anchored and stabilized. The tray, self-aligning ball pad, and anchor tensioning lock are sequentially installed on the anchor cable, and the preload of the anchor cable is tensioned to the design value; Grout is injected into the grouting pipe by a grouting pump: first, the grouting pressure inside the expansion capsule reaches the preset pressure, and the borehole opening is sealed by the expansion capsule; then, grout is injected into the area between the anchor cable tensioning section and the borehole wall, and the grouting pressure value is reached. Wait for a second preset time period to allow the grout between the anchor cable tensioning section and the borehole wall to reach the designed strength.

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