A directional conditioner for planting sorghum in strong acidic purple soil and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a directional conditioner for planting sorghum in strong acidic purple soil and a preparation method and application thereof. The directional conditioner for planting sorghum in strong acidic purple soil is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: 38-54% of sorghum water precipitate, 11-16% of waste lees, 11-16% of pepper straw, 0.7-1.0% of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer and 13-38% of calcium carbonate. The soil directional conditioner of the application takes into account the growth characteristics of sorghum and the characteristics of acidic soil, has simple components, low price and complementary components; the use of the soil directional conditioner of the application in strong acidic purple soil for planting sorghum can not only enhance the growth of sorghum and improve the yield of sorghum, but also has a good improvement effect on acidic soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of acidic soil conditioner for crop cultivation, specifically relating to a directional conditioner for planting sorghum in strongly acidic purple soil, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Purple soil, with its rapid soil-forming properties, high cultivability, and wide applicability, has provided important production materials for agricultural development in the Sichuan Basin and greatly promoted socio-economic development. However, soil-forming characteristics and improper fertilizer application have led to severe acidification of purple soil. In recent decades, most purple soils have become acidified, characterized by a decrease in the proportion of neutral and calcareous purple soils and an increase in the proportion of acidic and strongly acidic purple soils. The research results of Li Shixing and Wang Dingyong et al. show that in the 1980s, the proportion of strongly acidic soil (pH≤5.5) in acidic purple soil was 39.5%; by 2002, the proportion of strongly acidic soil in dryland soil planted with corn was 51.5%, and the proportion of strongly acidic soil in paddy soil was 58.3%. The research results suggest that due to the influence of acid deposition, most of the purple soil has been acidified in these 20 years, and the degree of acidification has been increasing (Li Shixing, Wang Dingyong. Study on acidification of purple soil in Chongqing area in 20 years [J]. Journal of Chongqing Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, (01):70-73.). The acidification characteristics of purple soil differ from those of zonal soils such as yellow soil and lateritic soil. The exchangeable acid content of purple soil after acidification is significantly higher than that of yellow soil and lateritic soil, posing a greater risk of aluminum toxicity (Cheng Yongyi, Li Zhongyi, Bai Yingyan, et al. Study on acidification characteristics of purple soil, yellow soil and lateritic soil by electrodialysis [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science, 2018, 51(07):1325-1333.). Strongly acidic purple soil not only has the characteristics of low fertility, poor physicochemical properties, and strong activity of some heavy metal ions that are harmful to crops, but also, because purple soil is a young soil developed from purple parent rock, its weathering degree is low, and soil erosion is faster. In addition, its complex parent material brings many inconveniences to the improvement of strongly acidic purple soil. Currently, the traditional method for improving acidified purple soil is the application of lime. Alkaline industrial waste and biochar are also good improvement materials. However, long-term application of lime can easily lead to soil compaction, industrial waste may cause heavy metal pollution, and the preparation of biochar is expensive and time-consuming. There are also many commercially available acidic soil conditioners, but they are all expensive and their effectiveness varies. In recent years, some new improvement measures have emerged. For example, a Chinese patent, application number CN202110660965.3, discloses a method for improving acidic purple soil using calcareous purple sedimentary rock. This method requires a large amount of calcareous purple sedimentary rock, which is difficult to excavate and manage. Severe acidification of purple soil not only causes a decline in soil fertility but also potentially affects the storage of soil organic carbon, posing a great challenge to the stability of the ecosystem.

[0003] Sorghum, a C4 crop with high photosynthetic efficiency and large biological and economic yields, possesses numerous biological characteristics such as drought resistance, flood resistance, salt and alkali tolerance, tolerance to poor soil, high temperature tolerance, and cold tolerance. Related research results indicate that sorghum has a strong absorption capacity and tolerance for heavy metals such as zinc, lead, and cadmium. Compared to plants with fewer and thicker roots, such as cucumbers, sorghum has a large and slender root system, enabling it to accumulate more heavy metal elements in the soil. Studies by MBARKI S et al. have also shown that sorghum accumulates a higher amount of cadmium compared to alfalfa (MBARKI S, TALBIO, SKALICKY M, et al. Comparison of grainsorghum and alfalfa for providing heavy metal remediation of sandy soil with different soil amendments and salt stress[J]. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2022, 10.). Therefore, planting sorghum on strongly acidic purple soil can not only increase the overall yield of sorghum but also play a role in remediating some harmful heavy metals in acidic soil. Furthermore, sorghum is more adaptable to soil conditions than other grain crops such as rice, wheat, and corn. It can be grown in fertile plains, arid hills, and barren mountainous areas. The optimal soil pH for sorghum cultivation is 6.2-8.0. However, the pH of acidic purple soils in most parts of my country is below 5.5, with a significant portion below 5.0 and some even below 4.5. Currently, sorghum cultivation in strongly acidic purple soils generally suffers from poor growth, low yield, and poor quality. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a suitable technique for growing sorghum in strongly acidic purple soils to enhance its growth and increase yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a directional conditioner for planting sorghum in strongly acidic purple soil, comprising the following components by weight percentage:

[0005] The sorghum soaking water contains 38-54% sediment, 11-16% waste distiller's grains, 11-16% pepper stalks, 0.7-1.0% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 13-38% calcium carbonate.

[0006] Preferably, the directional conditioning agent is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 53.2% sorghum water sediment, 16.0% waste distiller's grains, 16.0% Sichuan pepper straw, 1.0% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 13.8% calcium carbonate.

[0007] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned targeted conditioning agent, comprising the following steps: selecting a spacious and flat area, removing surface debris, laying a layer of plastic film, first mixing the sorghum water sediment with pepper straw and piling it up for 3-5 days, sealing the outside of the pile with the sorghum sediment, then sprinkling in calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and calcium carbonate and mixing and stirring to ensure thorough mixing, and using it after 8-10 days; the method for preparing the sorghum sediment includes: selecting the remaining stalks, roots, leaves and husks of sorghum harvested in the previous season, washing off the soil with water, crushing them in a pulverizer and passing them through a 100-mesh sieve, stirring evenly, soaking them in water for 14-16 hours, filtering out the water with a filter screen and piling them in a cool, dark place for 2-3 days before use.

[0008] Preferably, the lees are baijiu (Chinese white liquor) lees; the pepper stalks are used after being crushed by a pulverizer and passed through a 60-mesh sieve.

[0009] A third objective of this invention is to provide the application of the aforementioned directional conditioner in the cultivation of sorghum in strongly acidic purple soil. This conditioner, even when used in strongly acidic purple soil with a pH as low as 4, promotes better sorghum growth and has a significant soil-improving effect.

[0010] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned directional conditioner in increasing the protein content of sorghum or reducing the tannin content of sorghum.

[0011] The fifth objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned directional conditioner in reducing the exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum in strongly acidic purple soil.

[0012] The sixth objective of this invention is to provide a method for planting sweet sorghum in strongly acidic purple soil, comprising the following steps:

[0013] (1) Weed control: 10-15 days before rotary tillage, spray herbicide on a sunny and windless day, and spray evenly.

[0014] (2) Rotary tillage: After removing surface weeds, the rotary tiller tills the land to a depth of 20-25cm, so that there are no large clods of soil on the ground and the soil is crushed evenly.

[0015] (3) Application of soil-oriented conditioner: After rotary tillage, apply 290-380 kg / mu of soil-oriented conditioner using a fertilizer spreader; the soil-oriented conditioner is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 38-54% sorghum water sediment, 11-16% waste distiller's grains, 11-16% pepper straw, 0.7-1.0% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 13-38% calcium carbonate.

[0016] (4) Rotary tillage the land again: After applying the soil conditioner, use a rotary tiller to till the soil conditioner into the soil. The tillage depth is 20-25cm and the tillage is uniform.

[0017] (5) Fertilization and sowing: 2-3 days after applying soil conditioner and rotary tillage, sorghum is sown. Sorghum in two adjacent rows is sown in staggered holes, and soil is covered while sowing. The sowing depth is 3-4cm, the row spacing of adjacent sorghum rows is 40-50cm, and the plant spacing of adjacent sorghum is 18-20cm. 4-6 sorghum plants are sown per hole, and the sowing amount is 1-1.5kg per mu. Compound fertilizer is applied at 40-50kg / mu.

[0018] Preferably, in step (3), the soil-oriented conditioner is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 53.2% sorghum water sediment, 16.0% waste distiller's grains, 16.0% Sichuan pepper straw, 1.0% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 13.8% calcium carbonate.

[0019] Preferably, in step (5), the compound fertilizer is composed of single-element fertilizers in a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 20:12:14.

[0020] The soil-targeted conditioner of this invention takes into account both the growth characteristics of sorghum and the features of acidic soil. Its components are simple, inexpensive, and work synergistically. Using this soil-targeted conditioner to plant sorghum in strongly acidic purple soil not only enhances sorghum growth and increases yield, but also increases the percentage of protein content, improving nutrition and reducing the content of exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum in the soil, thereby mitigating the aluminum toxicity effects of strongly acidic soil on sorghum crops. Furthermore, it has a good improvement effect on acidic soils. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the pH changes of strongly acidic purple soil at the Huangzhuang Village experimental base in Jiangjin District, Chongqing, after different treatments according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the changes in exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum content in the soil at the Huangzhuang Village experimental base in Jiangjin District, Chongqing, after different treatments according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the changes in the percentage content of protein and tannin in sorghum from the experimental base in Huangzhuang Village, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, after different treatments according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the pH changes of strongly acidic purple soil in the agricultural comprehensive demonstration base of Daguan Town, Nanchuan District, Chongqing City after different treatments according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the changes in exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum content in the soil of the agricultural comprehensive demonstration base in Daguan Town, Nanchuan District, Chongqing City after different treatments according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram showing the changes in the percentage content of protein and tannin in sorghum from the agricultural comprehensive demonstration base in Daguan Town, Nanchuan District, Chongqing, after different treatments according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 These are actual photos showing the growth of sorghum at the Huangzhuang Village experimental base in Jiangjin District, Chongqing, after using the soil conditioner of this invention.

[0028] Figure 8 These are actual photos showing the growth of sorghum at the Daguan Town Agricultural Comprehensive Demonstration Base in Nanchuan District after using the soil conditioner of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these should also be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] 1.1 Preparation of the soil-oriented conditioner of the present invention

[0032] 1.1.1 Proportioning and Raw Materials

[0033] Formula 1 uses the following raw materials by weight percentage: 38.5% sorghum soaking water sediment, 11.6% waste distiller's grains, 11.6% pepper straw, 0.8% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 37.5% calcium carbonate.

[0034] Formula 2 uses the following raw materials by weight percentage: 53.2% sorghum soaking water sediment, 16.0% waste distiller's grains, 16.0% pepper straw, 1.0% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 13.8% calcium carbonate.

[0035] Formula 3 uses the following raw materials by weight percentage: 48.8% sorghum soaking water sediment, 14.6% waste distiller's grains, 14.6% pepper straw, 0.9% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 21.1% calcium carbonate.

[0036] The sediment from soaking sorghum is derived from the remaining stalks, roots, leaves, and husks of sorghum harvested in the previous season. After washing away the soil, the sorghum is crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve, then stirred evenly and soaked in water for 14-16 hours. After filtering out the water, it is piled up in a cool, dark place for 2-3 days before use. The lees for baijiu (Chinese liquor) come from the Jiangxiaobai brewing base in Baisha Town, Jiangjin District, Chongqing. The pepper stalks are locally collected from Jinsehuangzhuang, Jiangjin District, Chongqing. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and calcium carbonate are locally available.

[0037] 1.1.2 Preparation method

[0038] Choose a spacious and flat area, remove surface debris, lay a layer of plastic film, mix the sorghum water sediment with pepper straw and pile it up for 3-5 days, seal the outside of the pile with sorghum sediment, then sprinkle in calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and calcium carbonate and mix and stir to ensure thorough mixing, and use it after 8-10 days.

[0039] 1.2 Obtaining the control conditioner

[0040] The commercially available acidic soil conditioner I purchased was Wanzhi Soil Conditioner, produced by Chongqing Wanzhi Jufeng Ecological Fertilizer Co., Ltd.

[0041] 1.3 Field Experiment

[0042] Time: Sorghum was planted in late May 2021, harvested in mid-October 2021, and experimental measurements were taken from mid-October to mid-November 2021.

[0043] Location: Sorghum planting experimental base in Huangzhuang Village, Jiangjin District, Chongqing (106°18′E, 28°99′N). The soil type of the experimental site is purple soil, and the soil pH is 4.35.

[0044] Treatment and testing methods: Without any conditioner or compound fertilizer, almost all sorghum planted on this highly acidic purple soil collapsed, making it impossible to assess its growth and yield. Therefore, a commercially available acidic soil conditioner was used as the control group, and formulations one, two, and three of this invention were used as treatment groups. A total of four treatments were applied, from the control group to formulation three, with three replicates, randomly arranged, for a total of 12 plots, each 50m². 2 Two sorghum varieties, Jinpinuo No. 1 and Jinpinuo No. 1, were used for sorghum planting experiments. During sampling, all ears of sorghum were harvested from each treatment plot, counted, threshed, and weighed. Plot yields were calculated and converted to yield per unit area. Data from three replicates were used for statistical analysis. After harvest, 10 sorghum plants were randomly selected from each treatment plot for plant height and ear length measurements. Data from three replicates were used for statistical analysis. Plant height (cm): The distance from the ground to the top of the ear was measured using a steel tape measure. Ear length (cm): The distance from the top of the ear to the base of the ear was measured using a steel tape measure.

[0045] Experimental Procedure: Fifteen days before rotary tillage, herbicide was sprayed on a sunny, windless day, applying evenly at a rate of 0.5 bottles per acre (the herbicide was 2,4-D glyphosate, comprising 43.5% 2,4-D glyphosate isopropylamine salt, 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt, and 2.5% 2,4-D glyphosate isopropylamine salt, 500g per bottle); after removing surface weeds, the land was tilled with a rotary tiller to a depth of 20-25cm, ensuring no large clods remained and the soil was evenly broken up; after tillage, a fertilizer spreader was applied. Apply 320 kg / mu of soil conditioner from the control group to the soil-oriented conditioner of ratio 3. After applying the soil-oriented conditioner, use a rotary tiller to till the soil again to incorporate the soil-oriented conditioner into the soil to a depth of 20-25 cm and to till it evenly. Three days after tilling the soil-oriented conditioner, sow sweet sorghum at a rate of 1 kg / mu, with a row spacing of 45 cm and a sowing depth of 3-4 cm. Also apply 45 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (20:12:14).

[0046] Experimental Results: The test results for sorghum planting are shown in Table 1. All soil-targeted conditioners of this invention with different ratios showed better sorghum planting effects than the control group soil conditioner. Comparison of the soil-targeted conditioners of this invention with different ratios revealed that ratio two resulted in higher sorghum plant height and higher annual yield at the sorghum harvest stage, making it the optimal ratio. Therefore, ratio two was used as the research object in subsequent Examples 2 and 3.

[0047] Table 1 Effects of different proportions on sorghum growth

[0048] Sorghum plant height (cm) Length of sorghum ears (cm) Sorghum yield per unit area (kg / mu) control group 188.22±28.74 30.35±3.89 317.04±16.73 Formula 1 191.20±22.58 32.15±4.53 359.57±13.73 Formula 2 205.60±10.45 35.05±2.34 388.45±18.87 Formula 3 195.00±31.35 35.43±4.30 352.16±1.77

[0049] Example 2

[0050] The experimental site was located at an experimental base in Huangzhuang Village, Jiangjin District, Chongqing (106°18′E, 29°07′N), at an altitude of 300 meters, belonging to the humid subtropical monsoon climate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. The average annual temperature is 18.4℃, the average annual rainfall is 1001.2 mm, the average annual sunshine duration is 1141.0 hours, the frost-free period is 341 days, the annual humidity is 81%, and the annual total solar radiation is 86.5 kcal / cm². The crop used in the experimental site was sorghum, specifically the Jinpinuo No. 1 variety. The sorghum was planted in late May 2022 and harvested in mid-October. The experimental measurements were taken from mid-October to late November 2022. The soil type was purple soil, with a pH of 4.31. The chemical properties of the soil in the 0-20cm soil layer are shown in Table 2.

[0051] Table 2. Basic chemical properties of soil at the Huangzhuang Village experimental base in Jiangjin District

[0052]

[0053] A field trial was conducted using the soil conditioner obtained in formulation 2 of Example 1 of this invention. Without any conditioner or compound fertilizer, almost all sorghum planted on this strongly acidic purple soil lodged, making it impossible to statistically analyze its growth and yield; therefore, no control group was established. Three treatments were designed, each repeated three times: Treatment 1 received only compound fertilizer; Treatment 2 received only the conditioner; and Treatment 3 received a combination of conditioner and compound fertilizer. A total of nine plots were established, each 50m². 2 Three replicates were set up, randomly arranged, for use in sorghum planting experiments. At sampling, all ears of sorghum were harvested from each treatment plot, counted, threshed, and weighed. Plot yield was calculated and converted to yield per unit area. The values ​​from the three replicates were used for statistical analysis. After harvest, 10 sorghum plants were randomly selected from each treatment plot for plant height and ear length measurements. The values ​​from the three replicates were used for statistical analysis. Plant height (cm): the distance from the ground to the top of the ear of a single plant was measured using a steel tape measure; ear length (cm): the distance from the top of the ear to the base of the ear of a single plant was measured using a steel tape measure.

[0054] The procedure is as follows: 15 days before rotary tillage, spray herbicide on a sunny, windless day, ensuring even application. Use 0.5 bottles per acre (the herbicide is 2,4-D glyphosate, comprising 43.5% 2,4-D glyphosate isopropylamine salt, 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt, and 2.5% 2,4-D isopropylamine salt, 500g per bottle); after removing surface weeds, use a rotary tiller to till the land to a depth of 20-25cm, ensuring no large clods remain and the soil is evenly pulverized; after tillage, sow sweet sorghum in treatment 1 at a rate of 1kg per acre, with a row spacing of 45cm and a sowing depth of 3-4cm; and apply compound fertilizer (20:12:14) at 45kg / acre. Treatment 2: Apply 290 kg / mu of soil-oriented conditioner (combination 2) using a fertilizer spreader. After application, till the soil again using a rotary tiller to incorporate the conditioner into the soil to a depth of 20-25 cm, ensuring even tillage. Three days after tillage, sow sweet sorghum at a rate of 1 kg / mu, with a row spacing of 45 cm and a sowing depth of 3-4 cm. Treatment 3: Apply 290 kg / mu of soil-oriented conditioner (combination 2) using a fertilizer spreader. After application, till the soil again using a rotary tiller to incorporate the conditioner into the soil to a depth of 20-25 cm, ensuring even tillage. Three days after tillage, sow sweet sorghum at a rate of 1 kg / mu, with a row spacing of 45 cm and a sowing depth of 3-4 cm. Also apply 45 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (20:12:14). The experimental results are shown in Table 3. The conditioner of this invention can better promote the growth of sorghum, and the growth effect is even better when used with compound fertilizer.

[0055] Table 3. Statistics on Sorghum Growth Status

[0056] Sorghum plant height (cm) Length of sorghum ears (cm) Sorghum yield per unit area (kg / mu) Process 1 141.70±11.59 26.14±1.14 157.56±6.34 Process 2 174.30±14.31 29.34±1.37 288.01±13.51 Process 3 204.40±10.04 32.72±3.03 366.09±19.61

[0057] The chemical properties of the 0-20cm soil layer at the experimental base in Huangzhuang Village, Jiangjin District, after experimental treatment are shown in Table 4. The conditioner of this invention can better improve the soil, and the effect is even better when used with compound fertilizer.

[0058] Table 4 Chemical properties of soil after treatment at the Huangzhuang Village experimental base in Jiangjin District

[0059]

[0060] The following diagrams illustrate the changes in pH value, exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum content, and percentage content of sorghum protein and tannins in the strongly acidic purple soil at the experimental base in Huangzhuang Village, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, after experimental treatment. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The soil background values ​​at the Huangzhuang Village experimental base in Jiangjin District were used as the control (CK). Soil pH was determined using the potentiometric method (soil-water ratio 1:2.5); exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum were determined using the potassium chloride-neutralization titration method; sorghum protein content was determined using a fully automated Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer according to the national standard GB5009.5—2016 "Determination of Protein in Food"; tannin content was determined using a multifunctional full-spectrum near-infrared spectrometer (DA7250). The experimental period was from mid-October to late November 2022. Actual photos of the sorghum growth at the experimental base are shown below. Figure 7 As shown.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] The experimental site was located at the Agricultural Comprehensive Demonstration Base in Daguan Town, Nanchuan District, Chongqing (106°98′E, 29°25′N), at an altitude of 821 meters, belonging to the mid-subtropical humid monsoon climate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. The average annual temperature was 17.7℃, the average annual precipitation was 1181 mm, the average annual sunshine duration was 1501 hours, the average annual frost-free period was 308 days, the annual humidity was 81%, and the annual total radiation was 83 kcal / cm². The crop used in the experimental site was sorghum, specifically the Jinpinuo No. 1 variety. The planting, harvesting, and experimental measurement times for sorghum were the same as in Example 2. The soil type at the experimental site was purple soil, with a soil pH of 4.72. The chemical properties of the soil in the 0-20cm soil layer are shown in Table 5.

[0063] Table 5. Basic chemical properties of soil in the agricultural comprehensive demonstration base of Daguan Town, Nanchuan District

[0064]

[0065] Based on the experimental procedures in Example 2, in Experiment 3, the dosage of the soil conditioner of this invention was adjusted to 380 kg / mu, and the application of compound fertilizer (20:12:14) was 50 kg / mu. The sowing rate was 1.5 kg / mu, and the row spacing was 50 cm. With other conditions unchanged, a field experiment was conducted again. The experimental results are shown in Table 6. The conditioner of this invention can better promote sorghum growth, and the growth effect is even better when used with compound fertilizer.

[0066] Table 6. Statistics on Sorghum Growth Status

[0067] Sorghum plant height (cm) Length of sorghum ears (cm) Sorghum yield per unit area (kg / mu) Process 1 159.00±11.22 29.34±1.37 195.50±14.17 Process 2 191.20±22.58 32.15±4.53 323.92±12.65 Process 3 210.50±10.78 34.60±3.13 392.15±11.88

[0068] The chemical properties of the 0-20cm soil layer in the agricultural comprehensive demonstration base of Daguan Town, Nanchuan District after experimental treatment are shown in Table 7. The conditioner of this invention can better improve the soil, and the effect is even better when used with compound fertilizer.

[0069] Table 7 Chemical properties of soil treated at the agricultural comprehensive demonstration base in Daguan Town, Nanchuan District

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] The following diagrams illustrate the changes in soil pH, exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum content, and percentage changes in sorghum protein and tannin content in the agricultural comprehensive demonstration base of Daguan Town, Nanchuan District, Chongqing, after experimental treatment. Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, Figure 4 and Figure 5 The soil background value of the agricultural comprehensive demonstration base in Daguan Town, Nanchuan District, was used as the control (CK). The experimental methods and measurement times were the same as in Example 2. Actual photos of the sorghum growth at the experimental base are shown below. Figure 8 As shown.

[0073] Analysis of the above embodiments clearly shows that after using the soil-oriented conditioner of the present invention, the nutrient level of strongly acidic purple soil is improved, the pH rise is significant, the content of exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum is significantly reduced, and the aluminum toxicity in the soil is also alleviated (less than 2 cmol / kg). At the same time, the percentage content of sorghum protein increases and the percentage content of tannin decreases. Moreover, the combined application of conditioner and compound fertilizer (treatment 3) is more effective than the application of compound fertilizer alone (treatment 1) or the application of conditioner alone (treatment 2).

[0074] The conventional techniques and solutions not described in detail in the above embodiments are all well known in the art, and therefore will not be elaborated upon here. The above embodiments and / or experimental examples describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately. Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can also be arbitrarily combined, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be considered as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A directional conditioner for planting sorghum in strongly acidic purple soil, characterized in that, Composed of the following components by weight percentage: The sorghum soaking water contains 38-54% sediment, 11-16% waste distiller's grains, 11-16% pepper stalks, 0.7-1.0% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 13-38% calcium carbonate. The sorghum precipitate is prepared by the following method: select the remaining stalks, roots, leaves and husks of sorghum harvested in the previous season, wash off the soil with water, crush them in a crusher and pass them through a 100-mesh sieve, stir evenly, soak them in water for 14-16 hours, filter out the water with a filter screen, and then pile them in a cool, dark place for 2-3 days before use.

2. The targeted conditioning agent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 53.2% sorghum water sediment, 16.0% waste distiller's grains, 16.0% Sichuan pepper straw, 1.0% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 13.8% calcium carbonate.

3. The method for preparing the directional conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: Select a spacious and flat area, remove surface debris, lay a layer of plastic film, mix the sorghum water sediment with pepper straw and pile it up for 3-5 days, seal the outside of the pile with sorghum water sediment, then sprinkle in calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and calcium carbonate and mix and stir to ensure thorough mixing, and use it after 8-10 days.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lees are baijiu lees; the pepper stalks are used after being crushed by a pulverizer and passed through a 60-mesh sieve.

5. The application of the directional conditioner according to claim 1 or 2 in the cultivation of sorghum in strongly acidic purple soil.

6. The use of the directional conditioner according to claim 1 or 2 in increasing sorghum protein or reducing sorghum tannin content.

7. The application of the directional conditioner according to claim 1 or 2 in reducing the exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum in strongly acidic purple soil.

8. A method for planting sweet sorghum in strongly acidic purple soil, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Weed control: 10-15 days before rotary tillage, spray herbicide on a sunny and windless day, and spray evenly; (2) Rotary tillage: After removing surface weeds, the rotary tiller tills the land to a depth of 20-25 cm to ensure that there are no large clods of soil on the ground and that the soil is crushed evenly. (3) Application of soil-oriented conditioner: After rotary tillage, apply 290-380 kg / mu of soil-oriented conditioner using a fertilizer spreader; the soil-oriented conditioner is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 38-54% sorghum water sediment, 11-16% waste distiller's grains, 11-16% pepper straw, 0.7-1.0% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 13-38% calcium carbonate; the sorghum water sediment is prepared by the following method: select the remaining stalks, roots, leaves and husks of sorghum harvested in the previous season, wash off the soil with water, crush them with a pulverizer and pass them through a 100-mesh sieve, stir evenly, soak in water for 14-16 hours, filter out the water with a filter screen and pile them in a cool, dark place for 2-3 days before use; (4) Rotary tillage the land again: After applying the soil conditioner, use a rotary tiller to till the soil conditioner into the soil. The tillage depth is 20-25 cm and the tillage is uniform. (5) Fertilization and sowing: 2-3 days after applying soil conditioner and rotary tillage, sorghum is sown. Sorghum in two adjacent rows is sown in staggered holes, and soil is covered while sowing. The sowing depth is 3-4 cm, the row spacing of adjacent sorghum rows is 40-50 cm, the plant spacing of adjacent sorghum is 18-20 cm, 4-6 sorghum plants are sown per hole, the sowing amount is 1-1.5 kg per mu, and 40-50 kg / mu of compound fertilizer is applied.

9. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In step (3), the soil-oriented conditioner is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 53.2% sorghum water sediment, 16.0% waste distiller's grains, 16.0% pepper straw, 1.0% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 13.8% calcium carbonate.

10. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In step (5), the compound fertilizer is composed of single-element fertilizers in a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 20:12:14.

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