Aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanocoating material and method for making same

Abstract

The application provides an aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material is prepared from the following raw materials in mass percentage: 0.1-6% of nanometer powder, 0.2-6% of dispersing agent, 1-10% of ionic liquid and 78-98% of base lubricating oil. The nanometer particle additive and the ionic liquid are used to modify the traditional lubricating oil, and then the aluminum alloy welding wire is subjected to surface treatment. The formed aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material has strong bonding force and excellent performance, effectively solves the problems of large feeding resistance, poor feeding stability and low welding joint strength in the welding process of the traditional welding wire, the welding performance is optimized, the automatic welding quality and efficiency are significantly improved, and the market application prospect is wide.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy welding wire, in particular to an aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] China is a big country in the production and consumption of welding materials in the world, among which solid welding wire is the first major body, and aluminum and aluminum alloy welding wire accounts for a large proportion in solid welding wire and is widely used in important fields such as aerospace, rail vehicles and pressure vessels. With the development of domestic welding robots, most aluminum and aluminum alloy components are welded by robots automatically, so higher requirements are put forward for the surface quality and welding performance of aluminum and aluminum alloy welding wire.

[0003] The stability of wire feeding is an important index for evaluating the welding wire in the automatic welding of robots, the smaller the wire feeding resistance, the more stable the welding arc, and the higher the welding efficiency. At present, the mechanical scraping method is usually used to remove the surface oxide scale during the batch production of aluminum and aluminum alloy welding wire. This processing method is easy to produce fine scratches and pits on the surface of the welding wire, resulting in poor surface smoothness of the welding wire, thereby affecting the wire feeding and arc stability. In addition, due to the low hardness of aluminum and aluminum alloy welding wire, it is easy to rub with Teflon wire feeding hose during welding, forming aluminum scrap accumulation, and thus causing poor wire feeding and unable to meet the requirements of robot automatic welding. These problems seriously limit the application of aluminum and aluminum alloy welding wire in robot automatic welding, so it is of great significance to improve the surface quality of aluminum and aluminum alloy welding wire.

[0004] Nanoparticles are widely used in anti-wear and friction-reducing materials due to their unique surface effect and small size effect. The welding wire coating prepared based on nanometer materials can not only form a thin film on the friction surface during wire feeding, but also can be adsorbed to the scratches or pits on the friction surface, or can repair the friction surface to a certain extent through the friction chemical reaction product. Therefore, the addition of nanometer materials as coating additives can greatly improve the lubricating performance, and the nanometer coating obtained within a certain range has better lubricating performance than traditional lubricating oil, which can significantly reduce the friction resistance between the welding wire and the wire feeding hose, and greatly improve the wire feeding stability and welding performance of the welding wire.

[0005] However, there is no report in the prior art on using surface nanometer coating material to solve the problems of poor wire feeding stability and low welding joint strength of aluminum alloy welding wire. SUMMARY

[0006] The main purpose of the present application is to provide an aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material and a preparation method thereof, so as to at least solve the problems of large wire feeding resistance, poor wire feeding stability and low welding joint strength in the welding process of traditional welding wire.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present application, there is provided an aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material, which is prepared from the following raw materials in mass percentage: 0.1-6% of nanometer powder, 0.2-6% of dispersant, 1-10% of ionic liquid, and 78-98% of base lubricating oil.

[0008] Further, the nanometer powder comprises 20-50% of one or more of graphene nanometer powder, MoS2 nanometer powder, WS2 nanometer powder and BN nanometer powder; 20-50% of one or more of TiN nanometer powder, TiC nanometer powder and TiO2 nanometer powder; and 15-40% of one or more of NaF nanometer powder, LiF nanometer powder, CaF2 nanometer powder and BaF2 nanometer powder.

[0009] Further, the particle size of the graphene nanometer powder is 20-50 nm; the particle size of the MoS2 nanometer powder and WS2 nanometer powder is 15-90 nm; the particle size of the BN nanometer powder is 50-100 nm; the particle size of the TiN nanometer powder, TiC nanometer powder and TiO2 nanometer powder is 20-80 nm; and the particle size of the NaF nanometer powder, LiF nanometer powder, CaF2 nanometer powder and BaF2 nanometer powder is 25-300 nm.

[0010] Further, the ionic liquid is one or both of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (LB104) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide ([BMim][NTf2]).

[0011] Further, the dispersant is composed of one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (ATS), silane coupling agent (KH-570), sodium stearate (NaSTA), oleic acid (OA), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), sorbitan oleate (SPAN 80) and n-hexane.

[0012] Further, the base lubricating oil is commercially available industrial white oil.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present application, a preparation method for preparing an aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material is provided, the preparation method comprising: adding a nanometer powder, an ionic liquid and a dispersing agent into anhydrous ethanol in a mass percentage for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes; adding the ethanol solution after ultrasonic treatment into a base lubricating oil in a corresponding mass percentage, constant temperature magnetic stirring at 80 DEG C for 30 minutes, then continuing ultrasonic treatment for 20-30 minutes, standing for 30 minutes-1 hour, and preparing a composite nanoparticle lubricating oil after no obvious sedimentation; after cleaning and drying the aluminum alloy welding wire, the composite nanoparticle lubricating oil is coated on the welding wire surface by a mechanical coating method to prepare the aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material.

[0014] Further, the aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material accounts for 0.01%-0.05% of the mass percentage of the welding wire.

[0015] Further, the diameter of the welding wire is 1-5 mm.

[0016] Further, the welding wire is a pure aluminum welding wire or an aluminum alloy welding wire of any model.

[0017] The present application modifies the traditional lubricating oil by using nanoparticle additives and ionic liquids, and then performs surface treatment on the aluminum alloy welding wire, so that the aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material formed has strong bonding force and excellent performance, effectively solves the problems of large wire feeding resistance and poor wire feeding stability in the welding process of the traditional welding wire, optimizes the welding performance, significantly improves the automatic welding quality and efficiency, and has a wide market application prospect. The main innovation points and beneficial effects are as follows:

[0018] 1. For the problem of large wire feeding resistance in the automatic welding process, the present application provides a suitable solution, i.e. a series of nanoparticle additives are used to modify the composite base lubricating oil for surface modification treatment of the welding wire. The addition of MoS2, TiO2 and other nanoparticle additives not only can form a friction film at the friction interface, but also can fill the scratches and pits on the surface of the welding wire, playing a role in repairing the surface. The nanoparticles can also change the sliding friction into rolling friction, producing a "ball bearing" effect, which can reduce the wire feeding resistance. At the same time, the nanoceramic particles as an additional strengthening phase can be added to the weld to improve the mechanical properties of the joint, which can significantly improve the strength, hardness and other mechanical performance indicators of the joint.

[0019] 2. Ionic liquids, as green organic solvents, possess excellent conductivity, good chemical stability, and extremely low volatility, offering unique advantages in electrical contact, current-carrying friction and wear, and welding applications. Using ionic liquids as coating fillers can not only significantly improve the conductivity of nano-coatings and reduce the contact resistance between the welding wire and the contact tip, but also provide lubrication. Furthermore, the combination of ionic liquids and nanoparticles exhibits a synergistic lubrication effect, making them highly efficient additives for reducing wire feeding resistance and improving wire conductivity.

[0020] 3. The addition of dispersants can effectively prevent the agglomeration of nanoparticles, ensure that different nanoparticle additives are evenly dispersed in lubricating oil, stabilize the performance of composite nanoparticle lubricating oil, and enhance the lubrication effect.

[0021] 4. The nano-coating material for welding wire prepared using this invention is applicable to all types of aluminum and aluminum alloy welding wires, and is inexpensive, readily available, and ready for industrial production. Detailed Implementation

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0023] The nano-coating material for the surface of aluminum alloy welding wire provided in this embodiment of the invention is prepared from the following raw materials in mass percentage: 0.1-6% nano-powder, 0.2-6% dispersant, 1-10% ionic liquid, and 78-98% base lubricating oil.

[0024] This invention also provides a method for preparing a nano-coating material for the surface of aluminum alloy welding wire. The specific preparation method is as follows: nanoparticles, ionic liquids, and dispersants are added to anhydrous ethanol by mass percentage and ultrasonically treated for 30 min; the ultrasonically treated ethanol solution is added to a base lubricating oil of the corresponding mass percentage, and the mixture is magnetically stirred at 80°C for 30 min, followed by ultrasonic treatment for 20-30 min, and allowed to stand for 30 min-1 h. After no obvious sedimentation, a composite nanoparticle lubricating oil is obtained; after cleaning and drying the aluminum alloy welding wire, the composite nanoparticle lubricating oil is coated onto the surface of the welding wire using a mechanical coating method to obtain a nano-coating material for the surface of the aluminum alloy welding wire.

[0025] The technical effects of the present invention are demonstrated below through several specific embodiments and experimental data:

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A kind of nanometer coating material for ER1070 pure aluminum welding wire surface, coating material is formulated according to the following mass percentage: MoS2 Nano powder content 0.5%, TiO2 Nano powder content 0.5%, NaF Nano powder content 1%, LiF Nano powder content 1%, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole tetrafluoroborate content 5%, sorbitan oleate content 1%, silane coupling agent content 1%, the balance is base lubricating oil.

[0028] ER1070 pure aluminum welding wire is drawn, diameter is reduced to 2.0mm, after cleaning and drying, composite nanoparticle lubricating oil is coated on the surface of the welding wire by mechanical coating method, and the mass percentage of nanometer coating material in the welding wire is 0.04%.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] A kind of nanometer coating material for ER1070 pure aluminum welding wire surface, coating material is formulated according to the following mass percentage: graphene nano powder 0.5%, WS2 Nano powder content 0.5%, TiN Nano powder content 0.5%, NaF Nano powder content 1%, LiF Nano powder content 1%, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole tetrafluoroborate content 5%, sodium stearate content 1%, oleic acid content 1%, polyvinylpyrrolidone content 1%, the balance is base lubricating oil.

[0031] ER1070 pure aluminum welding wire is drawn, diameter is reduced to 2.0mm, after cleaning and drying, composite nanoparticle lubricating oil is coated on the surface of the welding wire by mechanical coating method, and the mass percentage of nanometer coating material in the welding wire is 0.03%.

[0032] Example 3

[0033] A kind of nanometer coating material for ER4043 aluminum alloy welding wire surface, coating material is formulated according to the following mass percentage: MoS2 Nano powder content 0.7%, WS2 Nano powder content 0.3%, TiN Nano powder content 0.5%, CaF2 Nano powder content 1%, BaF2 Nano powder content 1%, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole tetrafluoroborate content 5%, aminopropyl trimethoxysilane content 1.5%, polyvinylpyrrolidone content 1.5%, the balance is base lubricating oil.

[0034] ER4043 aluminum alloy welding wire is drawn, diameter is reduced to 1.6mm, after cleaning and drying, composite nanoparticle lubricating oil is coated on the surface of the welding wire by mechanical coating method, and the mass percentage of nanometer coating material in the welding wire is 0.04%.

[0035] Example 4

[0036] A kind of nanometer coating material for ER4043 aluminum alloy welding wire surface, coating material is formulated according to the following mass percentage: MoS2 Nano powder content 1%, BN nano powder content 1%, TiC nano powder content 1%, NaF nano powder content 0.5%, LiF nano powder content 0.5%, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole bis (trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imidazolium salt content 6%, aminopropyl trimethoxysilane content 3%, polyvinylpyrrolidone content 3%, and the balance is base lubricating oil.

[0037] ER4043 aluminum alloy welding wire is drawn, reduced in diameter to 1.6mm, after cleaning and drying, composite nanoparticle lubricating oil is coated on the surface of the welding wire by mechanical coating method, and the mass percentage of nanometer coating material in the welding wire is 0.03%.

[0038] Example 5

[0039] A kind of nanometer coating material for ER5356 aluminum alloy welding wire surface, coating material is formulated according to the following mass percentage: MoS2 Nano powder content 0.5%, WS2 Nano powder content 0.5%, TiC nano powder content 1%, NaF nano powder content 1%, LiF nano powder content 1%, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole bis (trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imidazolium salt content 3%, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole tetrafluoroborate content 3%, sorbitan oleate content 1%, sodium stearate content 1%, polyvinylpyrrolidone content 2%, and the balance is base lubricating oil.

[0040] ER5356 aluminum alloy welding wire is drawn, reduced in diameter to 1.2mm, after cleaning and drying, composite nanoparticle lubricating oil is coated on the surface of the welding wire by mechanical coating method, and the mass percentage of nanometer coating material in the welding wire is 0.04%.

[0041] Example 6

[0042] A kind of nanometer coating material for ER5356 aluminum alloy welding wire surface, coating material is formulated according to the following mass percentage: graphene nano powder content 0.5%, MoS2 Nano powder content 0.5%, TiC nano powder content 0.5%, TiN nano powder content 0.5%, NaF nano powder content 1%, LiF nano powder content 1%, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole bis (trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imidazolium salt content 3%, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole tetrafluoroborate content 3%, aminopropyl trimethoxysilane content 1%, polyvinylpyrrolidone content 3%, and the balance is base lubricating oil.

[0043] ER5356 aluminum alloy welding wire is drawn, reduced in diameter to 1.2mm, after cleaning and drying, composite nanoparticle lubricating oil is coated on the surface of the welding wire by mechanical coating method, and the mass percentage of nanometer coating material in the welding wire is 0.04%.

[0044] Comparative Example 1

[0045] ER5356 aluminum alloy welding wire was drawn and reduced in diameter to 1.2 mm, and after cleaning and drying, no post-treatment was performed on the surface of the welding wire.

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] ER5356 aluminum alloy welding wire was drawn and reduced in diameter to 1.2 mm, and after cleaning and drying, only base lubricating oil was coated on the surface of the welding wire using a mechanical coating method, and the mass percentage of the base lubricating oil coating on the welding wire was 0.04%.

[0048] Comparative Example 3

[0049] A coating material was coated on the surface of the ER5356 aluminum alloy welding wire, and the coating material was prepared according to the following mass percentages: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate content 5%, and the balance was base lubricating oil. The ER5356 aluminum alloy welding wire was drawn and reduced in diameter to 1.2 mm, and after cleaning and drying, the composite lubricating oil was coated on the surface of the welding wire using a mechanical coating method, and the mass percentage of the coating material on the welding wire was 0.04%.

[0050] Comparative Example 4

[0051] A coating material was coated on the surface of the ER5356 aluminum alloy welding wire, and the coating material was prepared according to the following mass percentages: MoS2 nano-powder content 0.5%, TiO2 nano-powder content 0.5%, NaF nano-powder content 0.5%, LiF nano-powder content 0.5%, sorbitan oleate content 1%, KH-570 silane coupling agent content 1%, and the balance was base lubricating oil. The ER5356 aluminum alloy welding wire was drawn and reduced in diameter to 1.2 mm, and after cleaning and drying, the composite nano-particle lubricating oil was coated on the surface of the welding wire using a mechanical coating method, and the mass percentage of the coating material on the welding wire was 0.04%.

[0052] The aluminum alloy welding wires prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to welding tests: the test plates were 12 mm thick 1070, 6061 and 5083 aluminum alloy test plates, the welding current was 180-250 A, the welding speed was 350 mm / min, the gas flow was 18-24 L / min, and the welding was performed in the flat position. The stability of the welding wire feeding was evaluated during the automatic welding process of the robot, and the mechanical properties, porosity sensitivity and other properties of the test plates after welding were evaluated.

[0053] The mechanical properties of the welded joint were evaluated according to the standards GB / T2651-2008 "Welded joint tensile test method" and GB / T228.1-2010 "Metal material tensile test Part 1: Room temperature test method". The porosity sensitivity evaluation was carried out by X-ray shooting of the weld of the test plate, and the quality grade of the welded joint was evaluated according to the standard NB / T 47013.2-2015 "Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment Part 2: Radiographic testing". The stability of wire feeding was evaluated by calculating the number of jams during the welding process of the whole reel of welding wire (7 kg), and 10 times or less was counted as o, 11-20 times was counted as □, and 20 times or more was counted as △.

[0054] The specific results of the test are shown in Table 1:

[0055] Table 1 Comparison of additive ratio and weld performance in each embodiment and comparative example

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] The results show that the welding wire within the formula range of the present application has good wire feeding stability during welding, the weld has a beautiful appearance, and the mechanical properties are good; but the overall process performance, mechanical properties and wire feeding stability of the welding wire outside the formula range of the patent or not using the welding method of the present application are not good.

[0059] The chemical composition of the ER1070, ER4043 and ER5356 aluminum alloy welding wires used in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4 was detected, and the detection results are shown in Table 2:

[0060] Table 2 Chemical composition (wt%) of ER1070, ER4043 and ER5356 aluminum alloy welding wires used in examples and comparative examples (the balance is Al)

[0061]

[0062] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanocoating material characterized by, The aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material is prepared from raw materials with the following mass percentages: 0.1-6% of nanometer powder, 0.2-6% of dispersant, 1-10% of ionic liquid, and 78-98% of base lubricating oil; the sum of the mass percentages of the above raw materials is 100%. The nanometer powder comprises 20-50% of one or more of graphene nanometer powder, MoS2 nanometer powder, WS2 nanometer powder and BN nanometer powder; 20-50% of one or more of TiN nanometer powder, TiC nanometer powder and TiO2 nanometer powder; and 15-40% of one or more of NaF nanometer powder, LiF nanometer powder, CaF2 nanometer powder and BaF2 nanometer powder. The ionic liquid is one or both of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide.

2. The aluminum alloy weld wire surface nanocoating material of claim 1, wherein, The particle size of the graphene nanometer powder is 20-50 nm; the particle size of the MoS2 nanometer powder and WS2 nanometer powder is 15-90 nm; the particle size of the BN nanometer powder is 50-100 nm; the particle size of the TiN nanometer powder, TiC nanometer powder and TiO2 nanometer powder is 20-80 nm; and the particle size of the NaF nanometer powder, LiF nanometer powder, CaF2 nanometer powder and BaF2 nanometer powder is 25-300 nm.

3. The aluminum alloy weld wire surface nanocoating material of claim 1, wherein, The dispersant is composed of one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, sodium stearate, oleic acid, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sorbitan oleate and n-hexane.

4. The aluminum alloy weld wire surface nanocoating material of claim 1, wherein, The base lubricating oil is industrial white oil.

5. A method for preparing the aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanocoating material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The preparation method comprises: The nanometer powder, ionic liquid and dispersant are added to anhydrous ethanol in a mass percentage, and ultrasonic treatment is performed for 30 min; The ethanol solution after ultrasonic treatment is added to base lubricating oil in a corresponding mass percentage, and constant-temperature magnetic stirring is performed at 80°C for 30 min, followed by continuous ultrasonic treatment for 20-30 min, standing for 30 min-1 h, and preparation of the composite nanoparticle lubricating oil after no obvious sedimentation; After the aluminum alloy welding wire is cleaned and dried, the composite nanoparticle lubricating oil is coated on the surface of the welding wire by mechanical coating, and the aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material is prepared.

6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein The mass percentage of the aluminum alloy welding wire surface nanometer coating material in the welding wire is 0.01%-0.05%.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The diameter of the welding wire is 1-5 mm.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The welding wire is pure aluminum welding wire or aluminum alloy welding wire of any type.

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